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Wang D, Meng F, Zhang X, Xin Z, Wei L. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Haemaphysalis longicornis around goat sheds in Jinan city, East China. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:297-305. [PMID: 38351236 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00898-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most important disease vectors worldwide, ticks can transmit a number of pathogenic organisms to humans and domestic animals and cause a variety of important natural focal diseases and zoonoses. Domestic livestock play a vital role in the dispersal of ticks from the field environment to the human settlement, contributing to the prevalence of tick-borne diseases. Identification of the tick control region could contribute a vital role in strategic planning and cost-effective tick control measures. However, little is known about the spatial distribution characteristics of ticks around livestock sheds, which will lead to abusage and overuse of insecticides. Therefore, this study aimed to explore spatial distribution characteristics and correlation factors of ticks around goat sheds. A total of 3898 ticks were collected from eight goat sheds from April to June in Jinan city. All the sampled ticks belonged to the same species, namely Haemaphysalis longicornis, and 88.8% of them were nymphs. A significant positive correlation was noted between free-living ticks and parasitic ticks (r = 0.411, P < 0.001). However, there was a significant negative correlation between number of free-living ticks and distance from the goat sheds (r = -0.622, P < 0.001). Within 20 m from the goat sheds, 2211 ticks were collected respectively, representing 56.7% of the total free-living ticks. At a distance of 30 m, 57.6% decline in the tick density was found with a significant difference (q = 5.534, P < 0.001). In conclusion, focusing control efforts near the goat sheds should be recommend for tick prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P.R. China
| | - Fange Meng
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Xin
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, P.R. China.
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Pei T, Zhang T, Zhang M, Nwanade CF, Wang R, Wang Z, Bai R, Yu Z, Liu J. Molecular characterization and modulated expression of histone acetyltransferases during cold response of the tick Dermacentor silvarum (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:358. [PMID: 37817288 PMCID: PMC10566034 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone acetylation is involved in the regulation of stress responses in multiple organisms. Dermacentor silvarum is an important vector tick species widely distributed in China, and low temperature is a crucial factor restricting the development of its population. However, knowledge of the histone acetyltransferases and epigenetic mechanisms underlying cold-stress responses in this tick species is limited. METHODS Histone acetyltransferase genes were characterized in D. silvarum, and their relative expressions were determined using qPCR during cold stress. The association and modulation of histone acetyltransferase genes were further explored using RNA interference, and both the H3K9 acetylation level and relative expression of KAT5 protein were evaluated using western blotting. RESULTS Three histone acetyltransferase genes were identified and named as DsCREBBP, DsKAT6B, and DsKAT5. Bioinformatics analysis showed that they were unstable hydrophilic proteins, characterized by the conserved structures of CBP (ZnF_TAZ), PHA03247 super family, Creb_binding, and MYST(PLN00104) super family. Fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression of DsCREBBP, DsKAT6B, and DsKAT5 increased after 3 days of cold treatment, with subsequent gradual decreases, and was lowest on day 9. Western blotting showed that both the H3K9 acetylation level and relative expression of KAT5 in D. silvarum increased after treatment at - 4, 4, and 8 °C for 3 and 6 days, whereas they decreased significantly after a 9-day treatment. RNA interference induced significant gene silencing, and the mortality rate of D. silvarum significantly increased at the respective semi-lethal temperatures. CONCLUSION These results imply that histone acetyltransferases play an important role in tick adaptation to low temperatures and lay a foundation for further understanding of the epigenetic regulation of histone acetylation in cold-stressed ticks. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying histone acetylation during cold stress in ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Pei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 China
| | - Tianai Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 China
| | - Chuks F. Nwanade
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Ruotong Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 China
| | - Ruwei Bai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 China
| | - Jingze Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024 China
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Fan X, Ma R, Yue C, Liu J, Yue B, Yang W, Li Y, Gu J, Ayala JE, Bunker DE, Yan X, Qi D, Su X, Li L, Zhang D, Zhang H, Yang Z, Hou R, Liu S. A snapshot of climate drivers and temporal variation of Ixodes ovatus abundance from a giant panda living in the wild. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 20:162-169. [PMID: 36890989 PMCID: PMC9986245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne diseases have negative impacts on the health of wild animals including endangered and vulnerable species. The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), a vulnerable and iconic flagship species, is threatened by tick infestation as well. Not only can ticks cause anemia and immunosuppression in the giant panda, but also bacterial and viral diseases. However, previous studies regarding tick infestation on giant pandas were limited in scope as case reports from sick or dead animals. In this study, an investigation focusing on the tick infestation of a reintroduced giant panda at the Daxiangling Reintroduction Base in Sichuan, China was conducted. Ticks were routinely collected and identified from the ears of the giant panda from March to September in 2021. A linear model was used to test the correlation between tick abundance and climate factors. All ticks were identified as Ixodes ovatus. Tick abundance was significantly different among months. Results from the linear model showed temperature positively correlated to tick abundance, while air pressure had a negative correlation with tick abundance. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first reported investigation of tick species and abundance on a healthy giant panda living in the natural environment, and provides important information for the conservation of giant pandas and other species sharing the same habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Fan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Changjuan Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanjing Yang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Yunli Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - James E Ayala
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Daniel E Bunker
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Xia Yan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Dunwu Qi
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Xiaoyan Su
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Lin Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Hongwen Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Zhisong Yang
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
| | - Songrui Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, 1375 Panda Road, Chenghua District, Sichuan Province, 610081, China
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Blaise A, Kiewra D, Chrząścik K, Selva N, Popiołek M, Sergiel A. Anti‐parasitic function of tree‐rubbing behaviour in brown bears suggested by an
in vitro
test on a generalist ectoparasite. J Zool (1987) 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Blaise
- Faculty of Life Sciences University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - D. Kiewra
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Acaroentomology, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland
| | - K. Chrząścik
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - N. Selva
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
| | - M. Popiołek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Wroclaw Wroclaw Poland
| | - A. Sergiel
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
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Agwunobi DO, Wang T, Zhang M, Wang T, Jia Q, Zhang M, Shi X, Yu Z, Liu J. Functional implication of heat shock protein 70/90 and tubulin in cold stress of Dermacentor silvarum. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:542. [PMID: 34666804 PMCID: PMC8527796 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tick Dermacentor silvarum Olenev (Acari: Ixodidae) is a vital vector tick species mainly distributed in the north of China and overwinters in the unfed adult stage. The knowledge of the mechanism that underlies its molecular adaptation against cold is limited. In the present study, genes of hsp70 and hsp90 cDNA, named Dshsp70 and Dshsp90, and tubulin were cloned and characterized from D. silvarum, and their functions in cold stress were further evaluated. Methods The genome of the heat shock proteins and tubulin of D. silvarum were sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Each group of 20 ticks were injected in triplicate with Dshsp90-, Dshsp70-, and tubulin-derived dsRNA, whereas the control group was injected with GFP dsRNA. Then, the total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and subjected to RT-qPCR. After the confirmation of knockdown, the ticks were incubated for 24 h and were exposed to − 20 °C lethal temperature (LT50), and then the mortality was calculated. Results Results indicated that Dshsp70 and Dshsp90 contained an open reading frame of 345 and 2190 nucleotides that encoded 114 and 729 amino acid residues, respectively. The transcript Dshsp70 showed 90% similarity with that identified from Dermacentor variabilis, whereas Dshsp90 showed 85% similarity with that identified from Ixodes scapularis. Multiple sequence alignment indicates that the deduced amino acid sequences of D. silvarum Hsp90, Hsp70, and tubulin show very high sequence identity to their corresponding sequences in other species. Hsp90 and Hsp70 display highly conserved and signature amino acid sequences with well-conserved MEEVD motif at the C-terminal in Hsp90 and a variable C-terminal region with a V/IEEVD-motif in Hsp70 that bind to numerous co-chaperones. RNA interference revealed that the mortality of D. silvarum was significantly increased after injection of dsRNA of Dshsp70 (P = 0.0298) and tubulin (P = 0.0448), whereas no significant increases were observed after the interference of Dshsp90 (P = 0.0709). Conclusions The above results suggested that Dshsp70 and tubulin play an essential role in the low-temperature adaptation of ticks. The results of this study can contribute to the understanding of the survival and acclimatization of overwintering ticks. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05056-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond O Agwunobi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Tongxuan Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Tianhong Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Qingying Jia
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xinyue Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Jingze Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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Guo WB, Shi WQ, Wang Q, Pan YS, Chang QC, Jiang BG, Cheng JX, Cui XM, Zhou YH, Wei JT, Sun Y, Jiang JF, Jia N, Cao WC. Distribution of Dermacentor silvarum and Associated Pathogens: Meta-Analysis of Global Published Data and a Field Survey in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094430. [PMID: 33921917 PMCID: PMC8122522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dermacentor silvarum is an obligate blood sucking arthropod and transmits various pathogens to humans and domestic animals. Recently several new viruses were detected in D. silvarum as an emerging disease threat. In this study, we aimed to analyze its geographical distribution and associated pathogens. Data were collected from multiple sources, including a field survey, reference book, and literature review. We searched various electronic databases with the terms “Dermacentor silvarum” OR “D. silvarum” for studies published since 1963 and the positive rates for Dermacentor silvarum-associated pathogens were estimated by meta-analysis. D. silvarum was found only in four countries in Eurasia, ranging from 22° N to 57° N latitude. At least 20 human pathogens were associated with D. silvarum, including five species of spotted fever group rickettsiae, three species in the family of Anaplasmataceae, three genospecies in the complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Francisella tularensis, Babesia venatorum, Coxiella buenetii, Borrelia miyamotoi, and five species of virus. Among them, Rickettsia raoultii was widely detected in D. silvarum, showing the highest pooled positive rate (25.15%; 95% CI 13.31–39.27). Our work presents the most comprehensive data and analysis (to our knowledge) for the geographical distribution of D. silvarum and associated pathogens, revealing an emerging threat to public health and stocking farming. Continued surveillance and further investigations should be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (W.-B.G.); (W.-Q.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.-S.P.); (B.-G.J.); (X.-M.C.); (Y.-H.Z.); (J.-T.W.); (Y.S.); (J.-F.J.)
| | - Wen-Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (W.-B.G.); (W.-Q.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.-S.P.); (B.-G.J.); (X.-M.C.); (Y.-H.Z.); (J.-T.W.); (Y.S.); (J.-F.J.)
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (W.-B.G.); (W.-Q.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.-S.P.); (B.-G.J.); (X.-M.C.); (Y.-H.Z.); (J.-T.W.); (Y.S.); (J.-F.J.)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (W.-B.G.); (W.-Q.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.-S.P.); (B.-G.J.); (X.-M.C.); (Y.-H.Z.); (J.-T.W.); (Y.S.); (J.-F.J.)
| | - Qiao-Cheng Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China;
| | - Bao-Gui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (W.-B.G.); (W.-Q.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.-S.P.); (B.-G.J.); (X.-M.C.); (Y.-H.Z.); (J.-T.W.); (Y.S.); (J.-F.J.)
| | - Jing-Xia Cheng
- Department of Vector Control, Shanxi Provence Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan 030012, China;
| | - Xiao-Ming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (W.-B.G.); (W.-Q.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.-S.P.); (B.-G.J.); (X.-M.C.); (Y.-H.Z.); (J.-T.W.); (Y.S.); (J.-F.J.)
| | - Yu-Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (W.-B.G.); (W.-Q.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.-S.P.); (B.-G.J.); (X.-M.C.); (Y.-H.Z.); (J.-T.W.); (Y.S.); (J.-F.J.)
| | - Jia-Te Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (W.-B.G.); (W.-Q.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.-S.P.); (B.-G.J.); (X.-M.C.); (Y.-H.Z.); (J.-T.W.); (Y.S.); (J.-F.J.)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (W.-B.G.); (W.-Q.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.-S.P.); (B.-G.J.); (X.-M.C.); (Y.-H.Z.); (J.-T.W.); (Y.S.); (J.-F.J.)
| | - Jia-Fu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (W.-B.G.); (W.-Q.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.-S.P.); (B.-G.J.); (X.-M.C.); (Y.-H.Z.); (J.-T.W.); (Y.S.); (J.-F.J.)
| | - Na Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (W.-B.G.); (W.-Q.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.-S.P.); (B.-G.J.); (X.-M.C.); (Y.-H.Z.); (J.-T.W.); (Y.S.); (J.-F.J.)
- Correspondence: (N.J.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China; (W.-B.G.); (W.-Q.S.); (Q.W.); (Y.-S.P.); (B.-G.J.); (X.-M.C.); (Y.-H.Z.); (J.-T.W.); (Y.S.); (J.-F.J.)
- Institute of EcoHealth, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: (N.J.); (W.-C.C.)
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Rubel F, Brugger K, Belova OA, Kholodilov IS, Didyk YM, Kurzrock L, García-Pérez AL, Kahl O. Vectors of disease at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia: D. reticulatus and D. silvarum. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:95-123. [PMID: 32815071 PMCID: PMC7471206 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The two ixodid tick species Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius) and Dermacentor silvarum Olenev occur at the northern distribution limit of the genus Dermacentor in Eurasia, within the belt of [Formula: see text] latitude. Whilst the distribution area of D. reticulatus extends from the Atlantic coast of Portugal to Western Siberia, that of D. silvarum extends from Western Siberia to the Pacific coast. In Western Siberia, the distribution areas of the two Dermacentor species overlap. Although the two tick species are important vectors of disease, detailed information concerning the entire distribution area, climate adaptation, and proven vector competence is still missing. A dataset was compiled, resulting in 2188 georeferenced D. reticulatus and 522 D. silvarum locations. Up-to-date maps depicting the geographical distribution and climate adaptation of the two Dermacentor species are presented. To investigate the climate adaptation of the two tick species, the georeferenced locations were superimposed on a high-resolution map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The frequency distribution of D. reticulatus under different climates shows two major peaks related to the following climates: warm temperate with precipitation all year round (57%) and boreal with precipitation all year round (40%). The frequency distribution of D. silvarum shows also two major peaks related to boreal climates with precipitation all year round (30%) and boreal winter dry climates (60%). Dermacentor silvarum seems to be rather flexible concerning summer temperatures, which can range from cool to hot. In climates with cool summers D. reticulatus does not occur, it prefers warm and to a lesser extent hot summers. Lists are given in this paper for cases of proven vector competence for various agents of both Dermacentor species. For the first time, the entire distribution areas of D. reticulatus and D. silvarum were mapped using georeferenced data. Their climate adaptations were quantified by Köppen profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Rubel
- Unit for Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katharina Brugger
- Unit for Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oxana A Belova
- Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S Kholodilov
- Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, FSBSI "Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS", Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya M Didyk
- Institute of Zoology SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
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Liu M, Li T, Yang J, Li SS, Yu ZJ, Liu JZ. Seasonal abundance and activity of the tick Dermacentor everestianus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the Tibetan Plateau, China. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 81:609-619. [PMID: 32740688 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dermacentor everestianus is an important vector for several pathogens endemic in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, knowledge of its seasonal activity and abundance is limited. Hence, the seasonal dynamics of questing and host-feeding D. everestianus were investigated from March 2014 to February 2016 in Damxung County, north of Lhasa City in Tibet. During the 2-year period, questing ticks were collected weekly from two habitats (grassland and shrubs) by flag-dragging. Host-feeding ticks were removed weekly from sheep and their attachment sites were recorded. Plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) captured by traps were examined for immature ticks from May to September 2014. Results revealed that questing D. everestianus were primarily distributed in grassland, whereas host-feeding adults and nymphs were mainly found on sheep, and larvae usually were on plateau pikas. Dermacentor everestianus can complete one generation per year with population overlap between the larvae and nymphs. Adults were mainly observed from February to April with the major peak occurring in late March. Additionally, unfed adults were detected on sheep from August to next February. Nymphs were found from late May to July and reached their peak in late June. Larvae collected during May and June reached peak numbers in late May.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
- International Education School, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Si-Si Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Jing-Ze Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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Zheng W, Xuan X, Fu R, Tao H, Xu R, Liu Y, Liu X, Jiang J, Wu H, Ma H, Sun Y, Chen H. Preliminary investigation of ixodid ticks in Jiangxi Province of Eastern China. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2019; 77:93-104. [PMID: 30542968 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a large effort has been made for tick surveys for public health importance around China, especially after outbreaks of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) occurred in humans in 2009. In this paper, the preliminary species composition and population distribution of ticks in Jiangxi Province of Eastern China is reported. Ticks were collected in three habitats (grassland, shrubs and woodland) and from nine host groups in 12 sampling sites throughout Jiangxi Province between 2011 and 2018. Six tick species including Haemaphysalis longicornis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, Haemaphysalis yeni, Haemaphysalis kitaoka, Ixodes sinensis and Dermacentor auratus were collected from the vegetation. Haemaphysalis longicornis was most abundant tick species, accounting for 90.6% of the total ticks. Haemaphysalis yeni and H. kitaoka were newly recorded tick species in Jiangxi Province. Tick presence was remarkably greater in grassland (89.4%) than in woodland (9.4%) and shrubs (1.2%), and nymphs (68.2%) and larvae (19.1%) were more frequently found than adult females (6.6%) and males (6.0%). On hosts, a total of 1513 ticks, from 13 species and four genera, were collected. These were H. longicornis, Haemaphysalis campanulata, Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis phasiana, H. yeni, H. kitaoka, Haemaphysalis hystricis, R. sanguineus (s.l.), Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, Rhipicephalus microplus, Ixodes granulatus, I. sinensis and Amblyomma testudinarium. Amblyomma testudinarium was a newly recorded tick species in Jiangxi Province. Based on this investigation, H. longicornis was the most frequently collected species (30.5%) and widely distributed tick species of the total collection ticks (in 11 sampling sites). Haemaphysalislongicornis had a broad host range and its presence (hosts with at least one tick) was significantly greater on Lepus sinensis (33.3%) than on Canis familiaris (2.3%) (χ2 = 23.68, p = 0.0013). In addition, the number of H. longicornis collected on L. sinensis (64.0%) was higher than on other host groups. Of all ticks collected on hosts, different developmental stages were obtained, which included 347 larvae (22.9%), 249 nymphs (16.5%), 404 adult males (26.7%) and 513 females (33.9%) and sex distribution was relatively uniform. These data indicate that a broad range of tick species is widely distributed throughout Jiangxi Province in Eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Zheng
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Renlong Fu
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Tao
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongman Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Dajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangqing Liu
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Dajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102200, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-Dajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Cold tolerance and biochemical response of unfed Dermacentor silvarum ticks to low temperature. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:757-763. [PMID: 28578851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The important pathogen vector Dermacentor silvarum is widely distributed in China. However, the tick's adaptation to low winter temperatures remains poorly understood. We therefore investigated the cold hardiness and physiological and biochemical responses of D. silvarum ticks exposed to low temperatures. The results indicated that the lower lethal temperatures (LT50s) for larvae, nymphs, females and males were -16.9°C, -15.8°C, -20.0°C and -20.1°C, respectively. The discriminating temperatures (resulting in 20% survival) for larvae, nymphs, females and males were -18.5°C, -20.0°C, -21.7°C and -22.6°C, respectively. The supercooling temperature points (at which body fluids spontaneously freeze) of larvae, nymphs, females and males averaged -20.0°C, -23.5°C, -24.2°C and -23.9°C, respectively. These results indicate that adult ticks are more tolerant to cold than the immatures. Low-temperature stress can enhance adult cold hardiness and trigger decreases in glycogen and protein in both females and males, whereas nymphs displayed different biochemical responses, including an increase in water and total fat content. An increase of glycerol observed in nymphs and females suggests that glycerol is important for cold hardiness. The findings of this study will help to define the dispersal limits for D. silvarum and thus inform the need for tick control efforts.
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Wang D, Wang Y, Yang G, Liu H, Xin Z. Ticks and tick-borne novel bunyavirus collected from the natural environment and domestic animals in Jinan city, East China. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2016; 68:213-221. [PMID: 26589806 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since 2011, 73 cases of the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, a novel tick-borne disease, have been reported in Jinan city through information system for disease control and prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the species, distribution, host animals of ticks and tick-borne pathogens. A total of 722 ticks were collected from two types of natural environment and six kinds of domestic animal in Jinan city. All the sampled ticks belonged to the same species, namely Haemaphysalis longicornis, and 94.7% of them were adult. The density of free-living ticks in grassland was nearly six times that in shrub. The prevalence of the goat (53.3%) was highest among the domestic animals. The host body region most frequently parasitized by H. longicornis was the head (77.8%), especially ears and periocular region. Novel bunyavirus was detected on the free-ranging goats in Jinan city. Acaricide treatment with a higher concentration on the ears, periocular region and the groin of domestic animals should be recommended to control the ticks effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming Wang
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Yang
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyuan Liu
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Xin
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2, Weiliu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Meng H, Xu S, Yu Z, Li N, Wang R, Gao X, Yang X, Liu J. Abundance and seasonal activity of Haemaphysalis concinna (Acari: Ixodidae) at the border between China and Russia in Northern Inner Mongolia, China. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:1. [PMID: 26728523 PMCID: PMC4700674 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Haemaphysalis concinna, a three-host tick vector of several pathogens, poses a high risk to the health of humans and livestock. However, knowledge of the seasonal activities, relative density and other ecological characteristics of this tick is quite limited and fragmentary. This knowledge gap represents a bottleneck in our understanding of the health risks associated with tick-borne pathogens. Methods We conducted a two-year study from April 2012 to March 2014 in Northern Inner Mongolia situated on the China-Russia border, China, to investigate the seasonal activities and relative density of the three developmental stages of H. concinna. During the study period, feeding ticks were removed weekly from domestic sheep and their attachment sites were recorded. Questing ticks were collected weekly from five habitats (broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, shrubs, grassland and mixed coniferous forest) using the flagging-dragging method of capture. Rodents were captured and examined on two consecutive nights each week from June to September in 2012. Results H. concinna ticks were found mainly in shrubs and grasslands habitats. Adults were encountered from February to October with the major peak occurring in June. Larvae, which were observed mainly from late April to late September, reached peak numbers in late July. Nymphs were observed mainly from March to October, and their numbers peaked in early July. H. concinna adults and nymphs were found attached to sheep and their most favored sites of attachment were the face and ears. H. concinna larvae were found on two rodent species, Apodemus peninsulae and Eutamias sibiricus. Conclusion The relative density and seasonal activities of H. concinna have been systematically reported for Northern Inner Mongolia, China. The information about the hosts infested by H. concinna and its preferred attachment sites on sheep will help efforts to control this tick and the tick-borne diseases carried by it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China. .,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Shiqi Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, 067000, China.
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Ningxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Xiaohe Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Jingze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
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