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Xirocostas ZA, Ollerton J, Peco B, Slavich E, Bonser SP, Pärtel M, Raghu S, Moles AT. Introduced species shed friends as well as enemies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11088. [PMID: 38750079 PMCID: PMC11096385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies seeking to understand the success of biological invasions focus on species' escape from negative interactions, such as damage from herbivores, pathogens, or predators in their introduced range (enemy release). However, much less work has been done to assess the possibility that introduced species might shed mutualists such as pollinators, seed dispersers, and mycorrhizae when they are transported to a new range. We ran a cross-continental field study and found that plants were being visited by 2.6 times more potential pollinators with 1.8 times greater richness in their native range than in their introduced range. Understanding both the positive and negative consequences of introduction to a new range can help us predict, monitor, and manage future invasion events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe A Xirocostas
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Jeff Ollerton
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Begoña Peco
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG), Department of Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Global Change, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eve Slavich
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephen P Bonser
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Meelis Pärtel
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - S Raghu
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angela T Moles
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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2
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Raheem A, Yohanna P, Li G, Noh NJ, Iqbal B, Tang J, Du D, Alahmadi TA, Ansari MJ, Zhan A, Son Y. Unraveling the ecological threads: How invasive alien plants influence soil carbon dynamics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120556. [PMID: 38537457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Invasive alien plants (IAPs) pose significant threats to native ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide. However, the understanding of their precise impact on soil carbon (C) dynamics in invaded ecosystems remains a crucial area of research. This review comprehensively explores the mechanisms through which IAPs influence soil C pools, fluxes, and C budgets, shedding light on their effects and broader consequences. Key mechanisms identified include changes in litter inputs, rates of organic matter decomposition, alterations in soil microbial communities, and shifts in nutrient cycling, all driving the impact of IAPs on soil C dynamics. These mechanisms affect soil C storage, turnover rates, and ecosystem functioning. Moreover, IAPs tend to increase gross primary productivity and net primary productivity leading to the alterations in fluxes and C budgets. The implications of IAP-induced alterations in soil C dynamics are significant and extend to plant-soil interactions, ecosystem structure, and biodiversity. Additionally, they have profound consequences for C sequestration, potentially impacting climate change mitigation. Restoring native plant communities, promoting soil health, and implementing species-specific management are essential measures to significantly mitigate the impacts of IAPs on soil C dynamics. Overall, understanding and mitigating the effects of IAPs on soil C storage, nutrient cycling, and related processes will contribute to the conservation of native biodiversity and complement global C neutrality efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkareem Raheem
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul Yohanna
- Department of Environmental Resource Management, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Federal University Dustin-ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Guanlin Li
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nam Jin Noh
- Department of Forest Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Babar Iqbal
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Daolin Du
- Jingjiang College, Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, PO Box-2925, Riyadh -11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), India
| | - Aibin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yowhan Son
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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3
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Williamson M, Gerhard D, Hulme PE, Millar A, Chapman H. High-performing plastic clones best explain the spread of yellow monkeyflower from lowland to higher elevation areas in New Zealand. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1455-1470. [PMID: 37731241 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The relative contribution of adaptation and phenotypic plasticity can vary between core and edge populations, with implications for invasive success. We investigated the spread of the invasive yellow monkeyflower, Erythranthe gutatta in New Zealand, where it is spreading from lowland agricultural land into high-elevation conservation areas. We investigated the extent of phenotypic variation among clones from across the South Island, looked for adaptation and compared degrees of plasticity among lowland core versus montane range-edge populations. We grew 34 clones and measured their vegetative and floral traits in two common gardens, one in the core range at 9 m a.s.l. and one near the range-edge at 560 m a.s.l. Observed trait variation was explained by a combination of genotypic diversity (as identified through common gardens) and high phenotypic plasticity. We found a subtle signature of local adaptation to lowland habitats but all clones were plastic and able to survive and reproduce in both gardens. In the range-edge garden, above-ground biomass was on average almost double and stolon length almost half that of the same clone in the core garden. Clones from low-elevation sites showed higher plasticity on average than those from higher elevation sites. The highest performing clones in the core garden were also top performers in the range-edge garden. These results suggest some highly fit general-purpose genotypes, possibly pre-adapted to New Zealand montane conditions, best explains the spread of E. gutatta from lowland to higher elevation areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Williamson
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research ESR Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Gerhard
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Department of Pest Management and Conservation, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Aaron Millar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hazel Chapman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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4
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Yao N, Zhang Z, Yu L, Hazarika R, Yu C, Jang H, Smith LM, Ton J, Liu L, Stachowicz JJ, Reusch TBH, Schmitz RJ, Johannes F. An evolutionary epigenetic clock in plants. Science 2023; 381:1440-1445. [PMID: 37769069 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular clocks are the basis for dating the divergence between lineages over macroevolutionary timescales (~105 to 108 years). However, classical DNA-based clocks tick too slowly to inform us about the recent past. Here, we demonstrate that stochastic DNA methylation changes at a subset of cytosines in plant genomes display a clocklike behavior. This "epimutation clock" is orders of magnitude faster than DNA-based clocks and enables phylogenetic explorations on a scale of years to centuries. We show experimentally that epimutation clocks recapitulate known topologies and branching times of intraspecies phylogenetic trees in the self-fertilizing plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the clonal seagrass Zostera marina, which represent two major modes of plant reproduction. This discovery will open new possibilities for high-resolution temporal studies of plant biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yao
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Plant Epigenomics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - L Yu
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - R Hazarika
- Plant Epigenomics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - C Yu
- Plant Epigenomics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - H Jang
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - L M Smith
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Ton
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - L Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J J Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - T B H Reusch
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - R J Schmitz
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - F Johannes
- Plant Epigenomics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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5
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Xu K. Population Rescue through an Increase in the Selfing Rate under Pollen Limitation: Plasticity versus Evolution. Am Nat 2023; 202:337-350. [PMID: 37606947 DOI: 10.1086/725425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIncreased rates of self-fertilization offer reproductive assurance when plant populations experience pollen limitation, but self-fertilization may reduce fitness by exposing deleterious mutations. If an environmental change responsible for pollen limitation also induces plastic mating system shifts toward self-pollination, the reproductive assurance benefit and inbreeding depression cost of increased self-fertilization occur immediately, while the benefit and cost happen more gradually when increased self-fertilization occur through evolution. I built eco-evolutionary models to explore the demographic and genetic conditions in which higher self-fertilization by plasticity and/or evolution rescues populations, following deficits due to a sudden onset of pollen limitation. Rescue is most likely under an intermediate level of selfing rate increase, either through plasticity or evolution, and this critical level of selfing rate increase is higher under stronger pollen limitation. Generally, rescue is more likely through plasticity than through evolution. Under weak pollen limitation, rescue by enhanced self-fertilization may mainly occur through purging of deleterious mutations rather than reproductive assurance. The selfing rate increase conferring the highest rescue probability is lower when the initial population size is smaller. This article shows the importance of plasticity during plant population rescue and offers insights for future studies of the evolution of mating system plasticity.
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6
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Zimmer EA, Berg JA, Dudash MR. Genetic diversity and population structure among native, naturalized, and invasive populations of the common yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae). Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9596. [PMID: 37038527 PMCID: PMC10082173 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An ongoing controversy in invasion biology is the prevalence of colonizing plant populations that are able to establish and spread, while maintaining limited amounts of genetic variation. Invasive populations can be established through several routes including from a single source or from multiple introductions. The aim of this study was to examine genetic diversity in populations of Mimulus guttatus in the United Kingdom, where the species is considered invasive, and compare this diversity to that in native populations on the west coast of North America. Additionally, we looked at diversity in non-native populations that have not yet become invasive (naturalized populations) in eastern North America. We investigated population structure among populations in these three regions and attempted to uncover the sources for populations that have established in the naturalized and invasive regions. We found that genetic diversity was, on average, relatively high in populations from the invasive UK region and comparable to native populations. Contrastingly, two naturalized M. guttatus populations were low in both genetic and genotypic diversity, indicating a history of asexual reproduction and self-fertilization. A third naturalized population was found to be a polyploid Mimulus hybrid of unknown origin. Our results demonstrate that M. guttatus has likely achieved colonization success outside of its native western North America distribution by a variety of establishment pathways, including those with genetic and demographic benefits resulting from multiple introductions in the UK, reproductive assurance through selfing, and asexual reproduction in eastern North America, and possible polyploidization in one Canadian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Zimmer
- Department of Botany and Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Jason A. Berg
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Michele R. Dudash
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
- Department of Natural Resource ManagementSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSouth DakotaUSA
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7
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Yao N, Zhang Z, Yu L, Hazarika R, Yu C, Jang H, Smith LM, Ton J, Liu L, Stachowicz J, Reusch T, Schmitz RJ, Johannes F. An evolutionary epigenetic clock in plants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.532766. [PMID: 36993545 PMCID: PMC10055040 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular clocks are the basis for dating the divergence between lineages over macro-evolutionary timescales (~10 5 -10 8 years). However, classical DNA-based clocks tick too slowly to inform us about the recent past. Here, we demonstrate that stochastic DNA methylation changes at a subset of cytosines in plant genomes possess a clock-like behavior. This 'epimutation-clock' is orders of magnitude faster than DNA-based clocks and enables phylogenetic explorations on a scale of years to centuries. We show experimentally that epimutation-clocks recapitulate known topologies and branching times of intra-species phylogenetic trees in the selfing plant A. thaliana and the clonal seagrass Z. marina , which represent two major modes of plant reproduction. This discovery will open new possibilities for high-resolution temporal studies of plant biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yao
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Plant Epigenomics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - L Yu
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - R Hazarika
- Plant Epigenomics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - C Yu
- Plant Epigenomics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - H Jang
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - L M Smith
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - J Ton
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - L Liu
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - J Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Tbh Reusch
- Marine Evolutionary Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - R J Schmitz
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - F Johannes
- Plant Epigenomics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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8
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Epigenetic Changes Occurring in Plant Inbreeding. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065407. [PMID: 36982483 PMCID: PMC10048984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding is the crossing of closely related individuals in nature or a plantation or self-pollinating plants, which produces plants with high homozygosity. This process can reduce genetic diversity in the offspring and decrease heterozygosity, whereas inbred depression (ID) can often reduce viability. Inbred depression is common in plants and animals and has played a significant role in evolution. In the review, we aim to show that inbreeding can, through the action of epigenetic mechanisms, affect gene expression, resulting in changes in the metabolism and phenotype of organisms. This is particularly important in plant breeding because epigenetic profiles can be linked to the deterioration or improvement of agriculturally important characteristics.
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9
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Tseng SP, Darras H, Hsu PW, Yoshimura T, Lee CY, Wetterer JK, Keller L, Yang CCS. Genetic analysis reveals the putative native range and widespread double-clonal reproduction in the invasive longhorn crazy ant. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1020-1033. [PMID: 36527320 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Clonal reproduction can provide an advantage for invasive species to establish as it can circumvent inbreeding depression which often plagues introduced populations. The world's most widespread invasive ant, Paratrechina longicornis, was previously found to display a double-clonal reproduction system, whereby both males and queens are produced clonally, resulting in separate male and queen lineages, while workers are produced sexually. Under this unusual reproduction mode, inbreeding is avoided in workers as they carry hybrid interlineage genomes. Despite the ubiquitous distribution of P. longicornis, the significance of this reproductive system for the ant's remarkable success remains unclear, as its prevalence is still unknown. Further investigation into the controversial native origin of P. longicornis is also required to reconstruct the evolutionary histories of double-clonal lineages. Here, we examine genetic variation and characterize the reproduction mode of P. longicornis populations sampled worldwide using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequences to infer the ant's putative native range and the distribution of the double-clonal reproductive system. Analyses of global genetic variations indicate that the Indian subcontinent is a genetic diversity hotspot of this species, suggesting that P. longicornis probably originates from this geographical area. Our analyses revealed that both the inferred native and introduced populations exhibit double-clonal reproduction, with queens and males around the globe belonging to two separate, nonrecombining clonal lineages. By contrast, workers are highly heterozygous because they are first-generation interlineage hybrids. Overall, these data indicate a worldwide prevalence of double clonality in P. longicornis and support the prediction that the unusual genetic system may have pre-adapted this ant for global colonization by maintaining heterozygosity in the worker force and alleviating genetic bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Tseng
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA.,Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hugo Darras
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Po-Wei Hsu
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yoshimura
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - James K Wetterer
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Laurent Keller
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chin-Cheng Scotty Yang
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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10
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Gaskin JF, Chapagain N, Schwarzländer M, Tancos MA, West NM. Genetic diversity and structure of Crupina vulgaris (common crupina): a noxious rangeland weed of the western United States. NEOBIOTA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.82.90229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Common crupina (Crupina vulgaris) is a federal noxious weed in the western USA that is currently the target of a classical biological control programme using the fungus Ramularia crupinae. We first identified and determined the location of populations of the two varieties of common crupina in the western United States and assessed the pattern of genetic diversity and structure of these populations. We found seven AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) genotypes for 326 plants in 17 populations. AFLP genotypes correlated with two taxa, either C. vulgaris var. vulgaris or C. vulgaris var. brachypappa. This annual species is outcrossing, but relies on selfing when pollination does not occur, which may explain why less than 1% of the genetic variation is within populations. We found strong population genetic structuring and can typically predict genotype or variety for a given location. Researchers and managers will be able to predict and survey for differential efficacy of R. crupinae on the different genotypes and varieties during initial biological control field releases, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful biocontrol establishment and impact.
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11
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Hamidzadeh Moghadam S, Alebrahim MT, Mohebodini M, MacGregor DR. Genetic variation of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium album L. (Amaranthaceae) suggests multiple independent introductions into Iran. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1024555. [PMID: 36684720 PMCID: PMC9847890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1024555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium album L. (Amaranthaceae) are weedy plants that cause severe ecological and economic damage. In this study, we collected DNA from three different countries and assessed genetic diversity using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Our analysis shows both weed species have low genetic diversity within a population and high genetic diversity among populations, as well as a low value of gene flow among the populations. UPGMA clustering and principal coordinate analysis indicate four distinct groups for A. retroflexus L. and C. album L. exist. We detected significant isolation-by-distance for A. retroflexus L. and no significant correlation for C.album L. These conclusions are based data from 13 ISSR primers where the average percentage of polymorphism produced was 98.46% for A. retroflexus L. and 74.81% for C. album L.These data suggest that each population was independently introduced to the location from which it was sampled and these noxious weeds come armed with considerable genetic variability giving them the opportunity to manifest myriad traits that could be used to avoid management practices. Our results, albeit not definitive about this issue, do not support the native status of C. album L. in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehdi Mohebodini
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Dana R. MacGregor
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
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12
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Solís-Montero L, Vega-Polanco M, Vázquez-Sánchez M, Suárez-Mota ME. Ecological niche modeling of interactions in a buzz-pollinated invasive weed. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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13
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Moles AT, Dalrymple RL, Raghu S, Bonser SP, Ollerton J. Advancing the missed mutualist hypothesis, the under-appreciated twin of the enemy release hypothesis. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220220. [PMID: 36259169 PMCID: PMC9579764 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduced species often benefit from escaping their enemies when they are transported to a new range, an idea commonly expressed as the enemy release hypothesis. However, species might shed mutualists as well as enemies when they colonize a new range. Loss of mutualists might reduce the success of introduced populations, or even cause failure to establish. We provide the first quantitative synthesis testing this natural but often overlooked parallel of the enemy release hypothesis, which is known as the missed mutualist hypothesis. Meta-analysis showed that plants interact with 1.9 times more mutualist species, and have 2.3 times more interactions with mutualists per unit time in their native range than in their introduced range. Species may mitigate the negative effects of missed mutualists. For instance, selection arising from missed mutualists could cause introduced species to evolve either to facilitate interactions with a new suite of species or to exist without mutualisms. Just as enemy release can allow introduced populations to redirect energy from defence to growth, potentially evolving increased competitive ability, species that shift to strategies without mutualists may be able to reallocate energy from mutualism toward increased competitive ability or seed production. The missed mutualist hypothesis advances understanding of the selective forces and filters that act on plant species in the early stages of introduction and establishment and thus could inform the management of introduced species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela T. Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Rhiannon L. Dalrymple
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - S. Raghu
- CSIRO, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Stephen P. Bonser
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jeff Ollerton
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology, University of Northampton, Waterside Campus, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK,Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Jalali T, Rosinger HS, Hodgins KA, Fournier‐Level AJ. Pollen competition in hybridizing Cakile species: How does a latecomer win the race? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:1290-1304. [PMID: 35844035 PMCID: PMC9544311 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Hybridization between cross-compatible species depends on the extent of competition between alternative mates. Even if stigmatic compatibility allows for hybridization, hybridization requires the heterospecific pollen to be competitive. Here, we determined whether conspecific pollen has an advantage in the race to fertilize ovules and the potential handicap to be overcome by heterospecific pollen in invasive Cakile species. METHODS We used fluorescence microscopy to measure pollen tube growth after conspecific and heterospecific hand-pollination treatments. We then determined siring success in the progeny relative to the timing of heterospecific pollen arrival on the stigma using CAPS markers. RESULTS In the absence of pollen competition, pollination time and pollen recipient species had a significant effect on the ratio of pollen tube growth. In long-styled C. maritima (outcrosser), pollen tubes grew similarly in both directions. In short-styled C. edentula (selfer), conspecific and heterospecific pollen tubes grew differently. Cakile edentula pollen produced more pollen tubes, revealing the potential for a mating asymmetry whereby C. edentula pollen had an advantage relative to C. maritima. In the presence of pollen competition, siring success was equivalent when pollen deposition was synchronous. However, a moderate 1-h advantage in the timing of conspecific pollination resulted in almost complete assortative mating, while an equivalent delay in conspecific pollination resulted in substantial hybrid formation. CONCLUSIONS Hybridization can aid the establishment of invasive species through the transfer of adaptive alleles from cross-compatible species, but also lead to extinction through demographic or genetic swamping. Time of pollen arrival on the stigma substantially affected hybridization rate, pointing to the importance of pollination timing in driving introgression and genetic swamping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Jalali
- School of BiosciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Hanna S. Rosinger
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Kathryn A. Hodgins
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
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15
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Encinas‐Viso F, Morin L, Sathyamurthy R, Knerr N, Roux C, Broadhurst L. Population genomics reveal multiple introductions and admixture of
Sonchus oleraceus
in Australia. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Encinas‐Viso
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Louise Morin
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | | | - Nunzio Knerr
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Camille Roux
- UMR 8198 – Evo‐Eco‐Paleo CNRS – Univ Lille Lille France
| | - Linda Broadhurst
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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16
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Iwanycki Ahlstrand N, Gopalakrishnan S, Vieira FG, Bieker VC, Meudt HM, Dunbar-Co S, Rothfels CJ, Martinez-Swatson KA, Maldonado C, Hassemer G, Shipunov A, Bowers MD, Gardner E, Xu M, Ghorbani A, Amano M, Grace OM, Pringle JS, Bishop M, Manzanilla V, Cotrim H, Blaney S, Zubov D, Choi HK, Yesil Y, Bennett B, Vimolmangkang S, El-Seedi HR, Staub PO, Li Z, Boldbaatar D, Hislop M, Caddy LJ, Muasya AM, Saslis-Lagoudakis CH, Gilbert MTP, Zerega NJC, Rønsted N. Travel Tales of a Worldwide Weed: Genomic Signatures of Plantago major L. Reveal Distinct Genotypic Groups With Links to Colonial Trade Routes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:838166. [PMID: 35755675 PMCID: PMC9218338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.838166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Retracing pathways of historical species introductions is fundamental to understanding the factors involved in the successful colonization and spread, centuries after a species' establishment in an introduced range. Numerous plants have been introduced to regions outside their native ranges both intentionally and accidentally by European voyagers and early colonists making transoceanic journeys; however, records are scarce to document this. We use genotyping-by-sequencing and genotype-likelihood methods on the selfing, global weed, Plantago major, collected from 50 populations worldwide to investigate how patterns of genomic diversity are distributed among populations of this global weed. Although genomic differentiation among populations is found to be low, we identify six unique genotype groups showing very little sign of admixture and low degree of outcrossing among them. We show that genotype groups are latitudinally restricted, and that more than one successful genotype colonized and spread into the introduced ranges. With the exception of New Zealand, only one genotype group is present in the Southern Hemisphere. Three of the most prevalent genotypes present in the native Eurasian range gave rise to introduced populations in the Americas, Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, which could lend support to the hypothesis that P. major was unknowlingly dispersed by early European colonists. Dispersal of multiple successful genotypes is a likely reason for success. Genomic signatures and phylogeographic methods can provide new perspectives on the drivers behind the historic introductions and the successful colonization of introduced species, contributing to our understanding of the role of genomic variation for successful establishment of introduced taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyam Gopalakrishnan
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Bioinformatics, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Filipe G. Vieira
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vanessa C. Bieker
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Heidi M. Meudt
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Carl J. Rothfels
- University Herbarium and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | - Carla Maldonado
- Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | - Alexey Shipunov
- Department of Biology, Minot University, Minot, ND, United States
| | - M. Deane Bowers
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Elliot Gardner
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Chicago, IL, United States
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Maonian Xu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Abdolbaset Ghorbani
- Systematic Biology, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Makoto Amano
- Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Olwen M. Grace
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | | | - Madonna Bishop
- Memorial University Botanical Garden, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | | | - Helena Cotrim
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sean Blaney
- Atlantic Canada Conservation Data Centre, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | | | - Hong-Keun Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ajou University, Suweon, South Korea
| | - Yeter Yesil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bruce Bennett
- Yukon Conservation Data Centre, Yukon Territory, YT, Canada
| | - Sornkanok Vimolmangkang
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter O. Staub
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Zhu Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Delgerbat Boldbaatar
- Department of Liver Center, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Laura J. Caddy
- Botanical Garden, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A. Muthama Muasya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Nyree J. C. Zerega
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Chicago, IL, United States
- Plant Biology and Conservation, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Nina Rønsted
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Tropical Botanic Garden, Kaua‘i, HI, United States
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17
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Li F, Liu X, Zhu J, Li J, Gao K, Zhao C. The Role of Genetic Factors in the Differential Invasion Success of Two Spartina Species in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:909429. [PMID: 35712568 PMCID: PMC9196123 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.909429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions have become one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. Most previous studies have revealed how successful invasive species adapt to new environments and climate change through phenotypic and genetic evolution. Some researchers suggested that understanding unsuccessful or less successful biological invasions might be important for understanding the relationships between invasion adaptability and climate factors. We compared the sexual reproduction ability, genetic diversity, and gene × environment interaction in two intentionally introduced alien species in China (Spartina anglica and Spartina alterniflora) based on restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing. After more than 50 years, the distribution of S. alterniflora has rapidly expanded, while S. anglica has experienced extreme dieback. A total of 212,939 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the two Spartina species were used for analysis. The multilocus genotype (MLG) analysis revealed that clonal reproduction was the prevalent mode of reproduction in both species, indicating that a change in the mode of reproduction was not the key factor enabling successful invasion by Spartina. All genetic diversity indicators (He, Ho, π) in S. alterniflora populations were at least two times higher than those in S. anglica populations, respectively (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the population genetic structure and stronger patterns of climate-associated loci provided support for rapid adaptive evolution in the populations of S. alterniflora in China. Altogether, our results highlight the importance of genetic diversity and local adaptation, which were driven by multiple source populations, in increasing the invasiveness of S. alterniflora.
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18
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Trait differences between and within ranges of an invasive legume species. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Xu K. The genetic basis of selfing rate evolution. Evolution 2022; 76:883-898. [PMID: 35395695 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Evolution of selfing is common in plant populations, but the genetic basis of selfing rate evolution remains unclear. Although the effects of genetic properties on fixation for mating-unrelated alleles have been investigated, loci that modify the selfing rate (selfing modifiers) differ from mating-unrelated loci in several aspects. Using population genetic models, I investigate the genetic basis of selfing rate evolution. For mating-unrelated alleles, selfing promotes fixation only for recessive mutations, but for selfing modifiers, because the selection coefficient depends on the background selfing rate, selfing can promote fixation even for dominant modifiers. For mating-unrelated alleles, the fixation probability from standing variation is independent of dominance and decreases with an increased background selfing rate. However, for selfing modifiers, the fixation probability peaks at an intermediate selfing rate and when alleles are recessive, because a change of its selection coefficient necessarily involves a change of the inbreeding coefficient, because both depend on the level of inbreeding depression. Furthermore, evolution of selfing involving multiple modifier loci is more likely when selfing is controlled by few large-effect rather than many slight-effect modifiers. I discuss how these characteristics of selfing modifiers have implications for the unidirectional transition from outcrossing to selfing and other empirical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuangyi Xu
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States
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20
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Liu W, Chen X, Wang J, Zhang Y. Does the effect of flowering time on biomass allocation across latitudes differ between invasive and native salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora? Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8681. [PMID: 35309742 PMCID: PMC8901870 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parallel latitudinal clines in flowering time have been documented in both the invasive and native ranges of plants. Furthermore, flowering time has been found to affect biomass at maturity. Therefore, understanding how these flowering times affect biomass accumulation across latitudes is essential to understanding plant adaptations and distributions.We investigated and compared trends in first flowering day (FFD), aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and BGB:AGB ratio of the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora along latitudinal gradients from the invasive (China, 19-40°N) and native range (United States, 27-43°N) in a greenhouse common garden experiment, and tested whether FFD would drive these divergences between invasive and native ranges.The invasive populations produced more (~20%, ~19%) AGB and BGB than native populations, but there were no significant differences in the FFD and BGB:AGB ratio. We found significant parallel latitudinal clines in FFD in both invasive and native ranges. In addition, the BGB:AGB ratio was negatively correlated with the FFD in both the invasive and native ranges but nonsignificant in invasive populations. In contrast, AGB and BGB increased with latitude in the invasive range, but declined with latitude in the native range. Most interestingly, we found AGB and BGB positively correlated with the FFD in the native range, but no significant relationships in the invasive range.Our results indirectly support the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis (EICA) that S. alterniflora has evolved to produce greater AGB and BGB in China, but the flowering and allocation pattern of native populations is maintained in the invasive range. Our results also suggest that invasive S. alterniflora in China is not constrained by the trade-off of earlier flowering with smaller size, and that flowering time has played an important role in biomass allocation across latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland EcosystemsCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina
| | - Xincong Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland EcosystemsCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland EcosystemsCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland EcosystemsCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina
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21
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Eck JL, Barrès B, Soubeyrand S, Sirén J, Numminen E, Laine AL. Strain Diversity and Spatial Distribution Are Linked to Epidemic Dynamics in Host Populations. Am Nat 2022; 199:59-74. [DOI: 10.1086/717179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Bouteiller XP, Moret F, Ségura R, Klisz M, Martinik A, Monty A, Pino J, van Loo M, Wojda T, Porté AJ, Mariette S. The seeds of invasion: enhanced germination in invasive European populations of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) compared to native American populations. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:1006-1017. [PMID: 34546636 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity may facilitate biological invasions. Both processes can enhance germination and seedling recruitment, which are crucial life-history traits for plants. The rate, timing and speed of germination have recently been documented as playing a major role during the invasion process. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a North American tree, which has spread widely throughout Europe. A recent study demonstrated that a few populations are the source of European black locust. Thus, invasive populations can be compared to native ones in order to identify genetic-based phenotypic differentiation and the role of phenotypic plasticity can thereby be assessed. A quantitative genetics experiment was performed to evaluate 13 juvenile traits of both native and invasive black locust populations (3000 seeds, 20 populations) subjected to three different thermal treatments (18 °C, 22 °C and 31 °C). The results revealed European populations to have a higher germination rate than the native American populations (88% versus 60%), and even when genetic distance between populations was considered. Moreover, this trait showed lower plasticity to temperature in the invasive range than in the native one. Conversely, other studied traits showed high plasticity to temperature, but they responded in a similar way to temperature increase: the warmer the temperature, the higher the growth rate or germination traits values. The demonstrated genetic differentiation between native and invasive populations testifies to a shift between ranges for the maximum germination percentage. This pattern could be due to human-mediated introduction of black locust.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Moret
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Cestas, France
| | - R Ségura
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Cestas, France
| | - M Klisz
- Department of Silviculture and Genetics, Forest Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - A Martinik
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Monty
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - J Pino
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - M van Loo
- Department of Forest Growth, Silviculture and Genetics, Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Vienna, Austria
| | - T Wojda
- Department of Silviculture and Genetics, Forest Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - A J Porté
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Cestas, France
| | - S Mariette
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Cestas, France
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23
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Sofi IA, Rashid I, Lone JY, Tyagi S, Reshi ZA, Mir RR. Genetic diversity may help evolutionary rescue in a clonal endemic plant species of Western Himalaya. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19595. [PMID: 34599214 PMCID: PMC8486807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss due to climate change may cause the extinction of the clonal species with a limited distribution range. Thus, determining the genetic diversity required for adaptability by these species in sensitive ecosystems can help infer the chances of their survival and spread in changing climate. We studied the genetic diversity and population structure of Sambucus wightiana-a clonal endemic plant species of the Himalayan region for understanding its possible survival chances in anticipated climate change. Eight polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to study the allelic/genetic diversity and population structure. In addition, ITS1-ITS4 Sanger sequencing was used for phylogeny and SNP detection. A total number of 73 alleles were scored for 37 genotypes at 17 loci for 8 SSRs markers. The population structural analysis using the SSR marker data led to identifying two sub-populations in our collection of 37 S. wightiana genotypes, with 11 genotypes having mixed ancestry. The ITS sequence data show a specific allele in higher frequency in a particular sub-population, indicating variation in different S. wightiana accessions at the sequence level. The genotypic data of SSR markers and trait data of 11 traits of S. wightiana, when analyzed together, revealed five significant Marker-Trait Associations (MTAs) through Single Marker Analysis (SMA) or regression analysis. Most of the SSR markers were found to be associated with more than one trait, indicating the usefulness of these markers for working out marker-trait associations. Moderate to high genetic diversity observed in the present study may provide insurance against climate change to S. wightiana and help its further spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad Sofi
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Irfan Rashid
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Javaid Yousuf Lone
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Sandhya Tyagi
- grid.418196.30000 0001 2172 0814Department of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi 110012 India
| | - Zafar A. Reshi
- grid.412997.00000 0001 2294 5433Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006 India
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- grid.444725.40000 0004 0500 6225Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Wadura Campus, Sopore, Jammu and Kashmir 193201 India
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24
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Mackin CR, Goulson D, Castellanos MC. Novel nectar robbing negatively affects reproduction in Digitalis purpurea. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13455-13463. [PMID: 34646482 PMCID: PMC8495828 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
With many plant-pollinator interactions undergoing change as species' distributions shift, we require a better understanding of how the addition of new interacting partners can affect plant reproduction. One such group of floral visitors, nectar robbers, can deplete plants of nectar rewards without contributing to pollination. The addition of nectar robbing to the floral visitor assemblage could therefore have costs to the plant´s reproductive output. We focus on a recent plant colonist, Digitalis purpurea, a plant that in its native range is rarely robbed, but experiences intense nectar robbing in areas it has been introduced to. Here, we test the costs to reproduction following experimental nectar robbing. To identify any changes in the behavior of the principal pollinators in response to nectar robbing, we measured visitation rates, visit duration, proportion of flowers visited, and rate of rejection of inflorescences. To find the effects of robbing on fitness, we used proxies for female and male components of reproductive output, by measuring the seeds produced per fruit and the pollen export, respectively. Nectar robbing significantly reduced the rate of visitation and lengths of visits by bumblebees. Additionally, bumblebees visited a lower proportion of flowers on an inflorescence that had robbed flowers. We found that flowers in the robbed treatment produced significantly fewer seeds per fruit on average but did not export fewer pollen grains. Our finding that robbing leads to reduced seed production could be due to fewer and shorter visits to flowers leading to less effective pollination. We discuss the potential consequences of new pollinator environments, such as exposure to nectar robbing, for plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
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25
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Hopley T, Webber BL, Raghu S, Morin L, Byrne M. Revealing the Introduction History and Phylogenetic Relationships of Passiflora foetida sensu lato in Australia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:651805. [PMID: 34394135 PMCID: PMC8358147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Genomic analysis can be a valuable tool to assistmanagement of non-native invasive species, through determining source and number of introductions as well as clarifying phylogenetic relationships. Here, we used whole chloroplast sequencing to investigate the introduction history of Passiflora foetida sensu lato in Australia and clarify its relationship with other Passiflora species present. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genome data identified three separate genetic lineages of P. foetida s. l. present in Australia, indicating multiple introductions. These lineages had affinities to samples from three separate areas within the native range in Central and South America that represented phylogenetically distinct lineages. These results provide a basis for a targeted search of the native range of P. foetida s. l. for candidate biological control agents that have co-evolved with this species and are thus better adapted to the lineages that are present in Australia. Results also indicated that the Passiflora species native to Australia are in a separate clade to that of P. foetida s. l. and other introduced Passiflora species cultivated in Australia. This knowledge is important to assess the likelihood of finding biological control agents for P. foetida s. l. that will be sufficiently host-specific for introduction in Australia. As P. foetida s. l. is a widespread non-native invasive species across many regions of the world, outcomes from this work highlight the importance of first evaluating the specific entities present in a country before the initiation of a biological control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Hopley
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, Australia
| | - Bruce L. Webber
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Biodiversity Science Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S. Raghu
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Louise Morin
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, WA, Australia
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26
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Fouqueau L, Roze D. The evolution of sex along an environmental gradient. Evolution 2021; 75:1334-1347. [PMID: 33901319 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although temporally changing environments generally favor sex and recombination, the effects of spatial environmental heterogeneity have been less explored. In this article, we use a classical model of adaptation along with an environmental gradient to study the selective forces acting on reproductive mode evolution in the central and marginal parts of the distribution range of a species. The model considers a polygenic trait under stabilizing selection (the optimal trait value changing across space) and includes a demographic component imposing range limits. The results show that in the central part of the range (where populations are well adapted), recombination tends to increase the mean fitness of offspring in regimes where drift is sufficiently strong (generating a benefit for sex), while it has the opposite effect when the effect of drift stays negligible. However, these effects remain weak and are easily overwhelmed by slight intrinsic fitness differences between sexuals and asexuals. In agreement with previous results, asexuality may be favored in marginal populations, as it can preserve adaptation to extreme conditions. However, a substantial advantage of asexuality is possible only in conditions maintaining a strong maladaptation of sexuals at range limits (high effective environmental gradient, weak selection at loci coding for the trait).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Fouqueau
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, IRL 3614, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, 29688, France.,Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, 29688, France
| | - Denis Roze
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, IRL 3614, CNRS, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, 29688, France.,Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Université, Roscoff, 29688, France
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VanWallendael A, Alvarez M, Franks SJ. Patterns of population genomic diversity in the invasive Japanese knotweed species complex. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:857-868. [PMID: 33942283 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Invasive species are expected to undergo a reduction in genetic diversity due to founder effects, which should limit their ability to adapt to new habitats. Still, many invasive species achieve widespread distributions and dense populations. This paradox of invasions could potentially be overcome through multiple introductions or hybridization, both of which increase genetic diversity. We conducted a population genomics study of Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica), which is a polyploid, clonally reproducing invasive species that has been notoriously successful worldwide despite supposedly low genetic diversity. METHODS We used genotyping by sequencing to collect 12,912 SNP markers from 88 samples collected at 38 locations across North America for the species complex. We used alignment-free k-mer hashing analysis in addition to traditional population genetic analyses to account for the challenges of genotyping polyploids. RESULTS Genotypes conformed to three genetic clusters, likely representing Japanese knotweed, giant knotweed, and hybrid bohemian knotweed. We found that, contrary to previous findings, the Japanese knotweed cluster had substantial genetic diversity, though it had no apparent genetic structure across the landscape. In contrast, giant knotweed and hybrids showed distinct population groups. We did not find evidence of isolation by distance in the species complex, likely reflecting the stochastic introduction history of this species complex. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that clonal invasive species can show substantial genetic diversity and can be successful at colonizing a variety of habitats without showing evidence of local adaptation or genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acer VanWallendael
- Biology Department, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
- Biology Department, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Mariano Alvarez
- Biology Department, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Steven J Franks
- Biology Department, Fordham University, 441 E. Fordham Road, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA
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Simón-Porcar VI, Silva JL, Vallejo-Marín M. Rapid local adaptation in both sexual and asexual invasive populations of monkeyflowers (Mimulus spp.). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:655-668. [PMID: 33604608 PMCID: PMC8052927 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Traditionally, local adaptation has been seen as the outcome of a long evolutionary history, particularly with regard to sexual lineages. By contrast, phenotypic plasticity has been thought to be most important during the initial stages of population establishment and in asexual species. We evaluated the roles of adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity in the invasive success of two closely related species of invasive monkeyflowers (Mimulus) in the UK that have contrasting reproductive strategies: M. guttatus combines sexual (seeds) and asexual (clonal growth) reproduction while M. × robertsii is entirely asexual. METHODS We compared the clonality (number of stolons), floral and vegetative phenotype, and phenotypic plasticity of native (M. guttatus) and invasive (M. guttatus and M. × robertsii) populations grown in controlled environment chambers under the environmental conditions at each latitudinal extreme of the UK. The goal was to discern the roles of temperature and photoperiod on the expression of phenotypic traits. Next, we tested the existence of local adaptation in the two species within the invasive range with a reciprocal transplant experiment at two field sites in the latitudinal extremes of the UK, and analysed which phenotypic traits underlie potential local fitness advantages in each species. KEY RESULTS Populations of M. guttatus in the UK showed local adaptation through sexual function (fruit production), while M. × robertsii showed local adaptation via asexual function (stolon production). Phenotypic selection analyses revealed that different traits are associated with fitness in each species. Invasive and native populations of M. guttatus had similar phenotypic plasticity and clonality. M. × robertsii presents greater plasticity and clonality than native M. guttatus, but most populations have restricted clonality under the warm conditions of the south of the UK. CONCLUSIONS This study provides experimental evidence of local adaptation in a strictly asexual invasive species with high clonality and phenotypic plasticity. This indicates that even asexual taxa can rapidly (<200 years) adapt to novel environmental conditions in which alternative strategies may not ensure the persistence of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta I Simón-Porcar
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose L Silva
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC), Avenida Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo-Marín
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, UK
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Portillo Lemus LO, Bozec M, Harang M, Coudreuse J, Haury J, Stoeckel S, Barloy D. Self-incompatibility limits sexual reproduction rather than environmental conditions in an invasive water primrose. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2021; 2:74-86. [PMID: 37284282 PMCID: PMC10168087 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fruit-set and seed-set depend on environmental conditions and reproductive systems. They are important components of sexual reproductive success in plants. They also control the ecological success and adaptation of invasive plants within their non-native ecosystems. We studied which factors bring about fruit-set and seed-set in invasive populations of the aquatic plant Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala. We analyzed fruit set and seed set in 37 populations growing under variable climatic conditions in Western Europe. Sub-samples of seven fruitful and fruitless populations were grown in common controlled conditions. We carried out self- and cross-pollinations, and measured the floral morphometry. Environmental conditions did not affect fruit-set and seed-set in-situ and in common controlled environments. Hand-pollinations showed that individuals from fruitful populations exhibited fruit and seed production whatever the pollen donor, whereas individuals from fruitless populations only did so when pollen came from fruitful populations. Floral morphometry evidenced the existence of two floral morphs that fully overlapped with fruitfulness, and individual incompatibility. Our results rebutted the hypothesis that environmental variations control fruit set and seed set in these invasive populations. We instead showed that fruit set and seed set were controlled by a heteromorphic reproductive system involving a self-incompatible and inter-morph compatible morph (long-styled morph), and a self- and inter-morph compatible reverse morph (short-styled morph). We collected morphs and fruit set records of this species worldwide and found the same relationship: fruitless populations were all composed only of individuals with long-styled floral morph. Our study constitutes the first evidence of a heteromorphic self-incompatible system in Ludwigia genus and Onagraceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Bozec
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem HealthInstitut AgroINRAERennesFrance
| | - Marilyne Harang
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem HealthInstitut AgroINRAERennesFrance
| | - Julie Coudreuse
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem HealthInstitut AgroINRAERennesFrance
| | - Jacques Haury
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem HealthInstitut AgroINRAERennesFrance
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Zhang Y, Wu H, Hörandl E, de Oliveira Franca R, Wang L, Hao J. Autonomous apomixis in Praxelis clematidea (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae), an invasive alien plant. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab007. [PMID: 33859809 PMCID: PMC8035972 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the reproductive mechanisms of invasive alien species can lay the foundation for effective control measures. Praxelis clematidea is a triploid neotropical Asteraceae species that is invasive in China and other countries. However, few studies have focused on its reproductive biology. In this study, flow cytometric seed screening (FCSS) was used to identify and confirm the reproductive mode of the species. The development of ovules, anthers, and mega- and microgametophytes was observed using a clearing method and differential interference contrast microscopy. Pollen viability was measured using the Benzidine test and Alexander's stain. Pollen morphology was observed via fluorescence microscopy after sectioning the disk florets and staining with water-soluble aniline blue or 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole nuclei dyes. Controlled pollination experiments were conducted on four populations in China to examine the breeding system and to confirm autonomous apomixis. The reproductive mode was found to be autonomous apomixis without pseudogamy, according to FCSS. Megaspore mother cells developed directly into eight-nucleate megagametophytes without meiosis, conforming to Antennaria-type diplospory. The unreduced egg cells developed into embryos through parthenogenesis, while the endosperm was formed by the fusion of two unreduced polar nuclei. Pollen viability was very low (0.82 ± 0.57 % and 0.36 ± 0.44 %) as measured by the Benzidine test and Alexander's stain, respectively. The majority of the pollen grains were empty and had neither cytoplasm nor nuclei. The seed set was >90 % for all treatments of open pollination, bagging and emasculated capitula. Mature cypselae developed in capitula that were emasculated before flowering, which confirmed that the breeding system of P. clematidea was autonomous apomixis. The present study is the first report of autonomous apomixis in P. clematidea in China. Antennaria-type autonomous apomixis in P. clematidea greatly increases the probability of successful colonisation and dispersal of P. clematidea into new areas, which likely contributes to its high invasion potential. Effective control measures should be implemented to prevent autonomous (pollen-independent) seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Nansanhuanlu 99, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, No. 967, Anningxi Road, Lanzhou City 730070, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hairong Wu
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, No. 66, Huacheng Avenue, Guangzhou 51062, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Elvira Hörandl
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Goettingen, Untere Karspuele 2, 37073 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rafael de Oliveira Franca
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - LiXin Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Nansanhuanlu 99, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Nansanhuanlu 99, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yang Y, Liu M, Pan Y, Huang H, Pan X, Sosa A, Hou Y, Zhu Z, Li B. Rapid evolution of latitudinal clines in growth and defence of an invasive weed. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:845-856. [PMID: 33454953 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Re-establishment of heritable latitudinal clines in growth-related traits has been recognised as evidence for adaptive evolution in invasive plants. However, less information is known about latitudinal clines in defence and joint clinal evolution of growth and defence in invasive plants. We planted 14 native Argentinean populations and 14 introduced Chinese populations of Alternanthera philoxeroides in replicate common gardens in China. We investigated the latitudinal clines of traits related to growth and defence, and plasticity of these traits in relation to experiment site and soil nitrogen. We found that chemical defence decreased with latitude in introduced populations but increased with latitude in native populations. For growth rate, latitudinal clines were positive in introduced populations but nonexistent in native populations. There were also parallel positive latitudinal clines in total/shoot biomass and specific leaf area. Experiment site affected the occurrence or magnitude of latitudinal clines in growth rate, branch intensity and triterpenoid saponins concentration. Introduced populations were more plastic to experiment site and soil nitrogen than native populations. We provide evidence for rapid evolution of clines in growth and defence in an invasive plant. Altered herbivory gradients and trade-off between growth and defence may explain nonparallel clines between the native and introduced ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mu Liu
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuanfei Pan
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heyan Huang
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Research Center for Ecology, College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
- Tibet University - Fudan University Joint Laboratory for Biodiversity and Global Change, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Alejandro Sosa
- Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas (FuEDEI), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, 999071, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 999071, Argentina
| | - Yuping Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zhengcai Zhu
- Guangzhou Zengcheng Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Guangzhou, 511300, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Observation and Research Station for Yangtze Estuarine Wetland Ecosystems, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, #2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Zhang J, Huang W, Ding J. Phenotypic plasticity in resource allocation to sexual trait of alligatorweed in wetland and terrestrial habitats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143819. [PMID: 33248767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental heterogeneity in resource availability affects invasive plant reproductive strategies and resource allocation to reproduction. Here, we conducted two field surveys to examine the effect of wetland and terrestrial habitats on inflorescence production and resource allocation to inflorescence of the amphibious invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides in its invasive range (China). We also specifically examined the effects of water availability, fertilizer application, and plant density (space) in a greenhouse experiment. In field surveys, inflorescence biomass, normal monoclinous flowers and ratio of inflorescences to shoots of plants from wetlands were about 2.4-, 0.8- and 1.3-fold higher than those from terrestrial habitats, respectively. In greenhouse experiment, plants with higher fertilizer application and lower competition conditions produced more inflorescences, and had a lower ratio of roots to shoots and a comparable ratio of inflorescences to shoot and root. Furthermore, water availability had a significant interactive effect when combined with fertilizer level or plant density on inflorescence production and resource allocation. Together, our results indicate that high resources, such as those found in wetland habitats, favor both vegetative growth and sexual trait in A. philoxeroides. However, in terrestrial habitats where resources are relatively poor, the invader can adapt to the environment by allocating more resources to vegetative growth for clonal reproduction and less resources for sexual trait. This phenotypic plasticity in resource allocation likely facilitates the plant to invade heterogeneous wetlands and terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China.
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China.
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Pervukhina-Smith I, Sforza RFH, Cristofaro M, Smith JF, Novak SJ. Genetic analysis of invasive populations of Ventenata dubia (Poaceae): an assessment of propagule pressure and pattern of range expansion in the Western United States. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Martínez-Harms J, Hadar R, Márquez N, Menzel R, Shmida A, Stavenga DG, Vorobyev M. Enhanced UV-Reflection Facilitated a Shift in the Pollination System of the Red Poppy, Papaver rhoeas (Papaveraceae). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080927. [PMID: 32708009 PMCID: PMC7464000 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary change is considered a major factor influencing the invasion of new habitats by plants. Yet, evidence on how such modifications promote range expansion remains rather limited. Here we investigated flower color modifications in the red poppy, Papaver rhoeas (Papaveraceae), as a result of its introduction into Central Europe and the impact of those modifications on its interactions with pollinators. We found that while flowers of Eastern Mediterranean poppies reflect exclusively in the red part of the spectrum, those of Central European poppies reflect both red and ultraviolet (UV) light. This change coincides with a shift from pollination by glaphyrid beetles (Glaphyridae) to bees. Glaphyrids have red-sensitive photoreceptors that are absent in bees, which therefore will not be attracted by colors of exclusively red-reflecting flowers. However, UV-reflecting flowers are easily detectable by bees, as revealed by visual modeling. In the North Mediterranean, flowers with low and high UV reflectance occur sympatrically. We hypothesize that Central European populations of P. rhoeas were initially polymorphic with respect to their flower color and that UV reflection drove a shift in the pollination system of P. rhoeas that facilitated its spread across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Martínez-Harms
- Institut für Biologie-Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 1–3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (R.H.); (N.M.); (R.M.)
- INIA La Cruz, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Chorrillos 86, La Cruz 2280454, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Ravit Hadar
- Institut für Biologie-Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 1–3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (R.H.); (N.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Natalia Márquez
- Institut für Biologie-Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 1–3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (R.H.); (N.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Randolf Menzel
- Institut für Biologie-Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Str. 1–3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (R.H.); (N.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Avi Shmida
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour, Center for the Study of Rationality, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Doekele G. Stavenga
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Misha Vorobyev
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
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Santi F, Riesch R, Baier J, Grote M, Hornung S, Jüngling H, Plath M, Jourdan J. A century later: Adaptive plasticity and rapid evolution contribute to geographic variation in invasive mosquitofish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:137908. [PMID: 32481217 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One century after their introduction to Europe, eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) represent a natural experiment to determine the relative contributions of adaptive plasticity and rapid evolutionary change in creating large-scale geographic variation in phenotypes. We evaluated the population-genetic structure and invasion history based on allele length polymorphisms of 15 nuclear microsatellites, which we quantified for N = 660 individuals from 23 populations sampled in 2013 across the invasive range of G. holbrooki in Europe. We analysed body-shape and life-history variation in N = 1331 individuals from 36 populations, sampled in 2013 and 2017, and tested heritability of phenotypic differences in a subset of four populations using a common-garden experiment. The genetic structure of wild-caught individuals suggested a single introduction for all European mosquitofish, which were genetically impoverished compared to their native counterparts. We found some convergent patterns of phenotypic divergence across native and invasive climatic gradients (e.g., increased body size in colder/more northern populations); however, several phenotypic responses were not consistent between sampling years, pointing towards plastic phenotypes. Our analysis of common-garden reared individuals uncovered moderate heritability estimates only for two measures of male body size (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.628 and 0.556) and offspring fat content (ICC = 0.734), while suggesting high levels of plasticity in most other phenotypic traits (ICC ≤ 0.407). Our results highlight the importance of phenotypic plasticity in invasive species during range expansions and demonstrate that strong selective pressures-in this case towards increased body size in colder environments-simultaneously promote rapid evolutionary divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Santi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
| | - Rüdiger Riesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Jasmin Baier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michaela Grote
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon Hornung
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hannah Jüngling
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Jonas Jourdan
- Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Pal RW, Maron JL, Nagy DU, Waller LP, Tosto A, Liao H, Callaway RM. What happens in Europe stays in Europe: apparent evolution by an invader does not help at home. Ecology 2020; 101:e03072. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences Montana Technological University Butte Montana 59701 USA
- Institute of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Pecs H‐7624 Pecs Hungary
| | - John L. Maron
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems The University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812 USA
| | - David U. Nagy
- Institute of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Pecs H‐7624 Pecs Hungary
| | - Lauren P. Waller
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems The University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812 USA
| | - Ambra Tosto
- Centre for Crop System Analysis Wageningen University 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Huixuan Liao
- School of Life Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems The University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812 USA
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Liu W, Zhang Y, Chen X, Maung-Douglass K, Strong DR, Pennings SC. Contrasting plant adaptation strategies to latitude in the native and invasive range of Spartina alterniflora. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:623-634. [PMID: 31834631 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions offer model systems of contemporary evolution. We examined trait differences and evolution across geographic clines among continents of the intertidal grass Spartina alterniflora within its invasive and native ranges. We sampled vegetative and reproductive traits in the field at 20 sites over 20° latitude in China (invasive range) and 28 sites over 17° in the US (native range). We grew both Chinese and US plants in a glasshouse common garden for 3 yr. Chinese plants were c. 15% taller, c. 10% denser, and set up to four times more seed than US plants in both the field and common garden. The common garden experiments showed a striking genetic cline of seven-fold greater seed set at higher latitudes in the introduced but not the native range. By contrast, there was a slight genetic cline in some vegetative traits in the native but not the introduced range. Our results are consistent with others showing that introduced plants can evolve rapidly in the new range. S. alterniflora has evolved different trait clines in the native and introduced ranges, showing the importance of phenotypic plasticity and genetic control of change during the invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xincong Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Keith Maung-Douglass
- Coastal Sustainability Studio, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Donald R Strong
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Steven C Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
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Krueger‐Hadfield SA. What's ploidy got to do with it? Understanding the evolutionary ecology of macroalgal invasions necessitates incorporating life cycle complexity. Evol Appl 2020; 13:486-499. [PMID: 32431731 PMCID: PMC7045718 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions represent grave threats to terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems, but our understanding of the role of evolution during invasions remains rudimentary. In marine environments, macroalgae account for a large percentage of invaders, but their complicated life cycles render it difficult to move methodologies and predictions wholesale from species with a single, free-living ploidy stage, such as plants or animals. In haplodiplontic macroalgae, meiosis and fertilization are spatiotemporally separated by long-lived, multicellular haploid and diploid stages, and gametes are produced by mitosis, not meiosis. As a consequence, there are unique eco-evolutionary constraints that are not typically considered in invasions. First, selfing can occur in both monoicious (i.e., hermaphroditic) and dioicious (i.e., separate sexes) haplodiplontic macroalgae. In the former, fertilization between gametes produced by the same haploid thallus results in instantaneous, genome-wide homozygosity. In the latter, cross-fertilization between separate male and female haploids that share the same diploid parent is analogous to selfing in plants or animals. Separate sexes, therefore, cannot be used as a proxy for outcrossing. Second, selfing likely facilitates invasions (i.e., Baker's law) and the long-lived haploid stage may enable purging of deleterious mutations, further contributing to invasion success. Third, asexual reproduction will result in the dominance of one ploidy and/or sex and the loss of the other(s). Whether or not sexual reproduction can be recovered depends on which stage is maintained. Finally, fourth, haplodiplontic life cycles are predicted to be maintained through niche differentiation in the haploid and diploid stages. Empirical tests are rare, but fundamental to our understanding of macroalgal invasion dynamics. By highlighting these four phenomena, we can build a framework with which to empirically and theoretically address important gaps in the literature on marine evolutionary ecology, of which biological invasions can serve as unnatural laboratories.
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Buckley J, Daly R, Cobbold CA, Burgess K, Mable BK. Changing environments and genetic variation: natural variation in inbreeding does not compromise short-term physiological responses. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20192109. [PMID: 31744436 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selfing plant lineages are surprisingly widespread and successful in a broad range of environments, despite showing reduced genetic diversity, which is predicted to reduce their long-term evolutionary potential. However, appropriate short-term plastic responses to new environmental conditions might not require high levels of standing genetic variation. In this study, we tested whether mating system variation among populations, and associated changes in genetic variability, affected short-term responses to environmental challenges. We compared relative fitness and metabolome profiles of naturally outbreeding (genetically diverse) and inbreeding (genetically depauperate) populations of a perennial plant, Arabidopsis lyrata, under constant growth chamber conditions and an outdoor common garden environment outside its native range. We found no effect of inbreeding on survival, flowering phenology or short-term physiological responses. Specifically, naturally occurring inbreeding had no significant effects on the plasticity of metabolome profiles, using either multivariate approaches or analysis of variation in individual metabolites, with inbreeding populations showing similar physiological responses to outbreeding populations over time in both growing environments. We conclude that low genetic diversity in naturally inbred populations may not always compromise fitness or short-term physiological capacity to respond to environmental change, which could help to explain the global success of selfing mating strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Buckley
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rónán Daly
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Karl Burgess
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Barbara K Mable
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Multiple introductions and efficient propagule dispersion can lead to high genetic variability in an invasive clonal species. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Schoen DJ, Johnson MTJ, Wright SI. The ecology, evolution, and genetics of plant reproductive systems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 224:999-1004. [PMID: 31631365 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Schoen
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Marc T J Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Stephen I Wright
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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Reproductive ecology of the bird-pollinated Nicotiana glauca across native and introduced ranges with contrasting pollination environments. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Whole-genome sequencing reveals recent and frequent genetic recombination between clonal lineages of Cryphonectria parasitica in western Europe. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 130:122-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Burns JH, Bennett JM, Li J, Xia J, Arceo-Gómez G, Burd M, Burkle LA, Durka W, Ellis AG, Freitas L, Rodger JG, Vamosi JC, Wolowski M, Ashman TL, Knight TM, Steets JA. Plant traits moderate pollen limitation of introduced and native plants: a phylogenetic meta-analysis of global scale. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:2063-2075. [PMID: 31116447 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of pollination in the success of invasive plants needs to be understood because invasives have substantial effects on species interactions and ecosystem functions. Previous research has shown both that reproduction of invasive plants is often pollen limited and that invasive plants can have high seed production, motivating the questions: How do invasive populations maintain reproductive success in spite of pollen limitation? What species traits moderate pollen limitation for invaders? We conducted a phylogenetic meta-analysis with 68 invasive, 50 introduced noninvasive and 1931 native plant populations, across 1249 species. We found that invasive populations with generalist pollination or pollinator dependence were less pollen limited than natives, but invasives and introduced noninvasives did not differ. Invasive species produced 3× fewer ovules/flower and >250× more flowers per plant, compared with their native relatives. While these traits were negatively correlated, consistent with a tradeoff, this did not differ with invasion status. Invasive plants that produce many flowers and have floral generalisation are able to compensate for or avoid pollen limitation, potentially helping to explain the invaders' reproductive successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean H Burns
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-7080, USA
| | - Joanne M Bennett
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou City, 318000, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Gerardo Arceo-Gómez
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614,, USA
| | - Martin Burd
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Laura A Burkle
- Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Walter Durka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Allan G Ellis
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Leandro Freitas
- Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - James G Rodger
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden
| | - Jana C Vamosi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Marina Wolowski
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Tia-Lynn Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15217, USA
| | - Tiffany M Knight
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Janette A Steets
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Winkler DE, Chapin KJ, François O, Garmon JD, Gaut BS, Huxman TE. Multiple introductions and population structure during the rapid expansion of the invasive Sahara mustard ( Brassica tournefortii). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:7928-7941. [PMID: 31380061 PMCID: PMC6662425 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific mechanisms that result in the success of any species invasion case are difficult to document. Reproductive strategies are often cited as a primary driver of invasive success, with human activities further facilitating invasions by, for example, acting as seed vectors for dispersal via road, train, air, and marine traffic, and by producing efficient corridors for movement including canals, drainages, and roadways. Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii) is a facultative autogamous annual native to Eurasia that has rapidly invaded the southwestern United States within the past century, displacing natives, and altering water-limited landscapes in the southwest. We used a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to study the population structure and spatial geography of Sahara mustard from 744 individuals from 52 sites across the range of the species' invasion. We also used herbaria records to model range expansion since its initial introduction in the 1920s. We found that Sahara mustard occurs as three populations in the United States unstructured by geography, identified three introduction sites, and combined herbaria records with genomic analyses to map the spread of the species. Low genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium are consistent with self-fertilization, which likely promoted rapid invasive spread. Overall, we found that Sahara mustard experienced atypical expansion patterns, with a relatively constant rate of expansion and without the lag phase that is typical of many invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Winkler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCalifornia
- U.S. Geological SurveySouthwest Biological Science CenterMoabUtah
| | - Kenneth J. Chapin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCalifornia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizona
| | | | | | - Brandon S. Gaut
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCalifornia
| | - Travis E. Huxman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California, IrvineIrvineCalifornia
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Bakker MR, Udo N, Atlan A, Gire C, Gonzalez M, Graham D, Leckie A, Milin S, Niollet S, Xue J, Delerue F. Explaining the larger seed bank of an invasive shrub in non-native versus native environments by differences in seed predation and plant size. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 123:917-927. [PMID: 30590379 PMCID: PMC6526314 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Large, persistent seed banks contribute to the invasiveness of non-native plants, and maternal plant size is an important contributory factor. We explored the relationships between plant vegetative size (V) and soil seed bank size (S) for the invasive shrub Ulex europaeus in its native range and in non-native populations, and identified which other factors may contribute to seed bank variation between native and invaded regions. METHODS We compared the native region (France) with two regions where Ulex is invasive, one with seed predators introduced for biological control (New Zealand) and another where seed predators are absent (La Réunion). We quantified seed bank size, plant dimensions, seed predation and soil fertility for six stands in each of the three regions. KEY RESULTS Seed banks were 9-14 times larger in the two invaded regions compared to native France. We found a positive relationship between current seed bank size and actual plant size, and that any deviation from this relationship was probably due to large differences in seed predation and/or soil fertility. We further identified three possible factors explaining larger seed banks in non-native environments: larger maternal plant size, lower activity of seed predators and higher soil fertility. CONCLUSIONS In highlighting a positive relationship between maternal plant size and seed bank size, and identifying additional factors that regulate soil seed bank dynamics in non-native ranges, our data offer a number of opportunities for invasive weed control. For non-native Ulex populations specifically, management focusing on 'S' (i.e. the reduction of the seed bank by stimulating germination, or the introduction of seed predators as biological control agents) and/or on 'V' (i.e. by cutting mature stands to reduce maternal plant biomass) offers the most probable combination of effective control options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Bakker
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISPA, Gradignan, France
- INRA, ISPA, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Anne Atlan
- CNRS, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Gire
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISPA, Gradignan, France
- INRA, ISPA, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Maya Gonzalez
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISPA, Gradignan, France
- INRA, ISPA, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Milin
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISPA, Gradignan, France
- INRA, ISPA, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Sylvie Niollet
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISPA, Gradignan, France
- INRA, ISPA, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | | | - Florian Delerue
- Bordeaux INP, G&E, Pessac, France
- Université Bordeaux Montaigne, G&E, Pessac, France
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Bouteiller XP, Verdu CF, Aikio E, Bloese P, Dainou K, Delcamp A, De Thier O, Guichoux E, Mengal C, Monty A, Pucheu M, van Loo M, Josée Porté A, Lassois L, Mariette S. A few north Appalachian populations are the source of European black locust. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2398-2414. [PMID: 30891188 PMCID: PMC6405530 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of evolution in biological invasion studies is often overlooked. In order to evaluate the evolutionary mechanisms behind invasiveness, it is crucial to identify the source populations of the introduction. Studies in population genetics were carried out on Robinia pseudoacacia L., a North American tree which is now one of the worst invasive tree species in Europe. We realized large-scale sampling in both the invasive and native ranges: 63 populations were sampled and 818 individuals were genotyped using 113 SNPs. We identified clonal genotypes in each population and analyzed between and within range population structure, and then, we compared genetic diversity between ranges, enlarging the number of SNPs to mitigate the ascertainment bias. First, we demonstrated that European black locust was introduced from just a limited number of populations located in the Appalachian Mountains, which is in agreement with the historical documents briefly reviewed in this study. Within America, population structure reflected the effects of long-term processes, whereas in Europe it was largely impacted by human activities. Second, we showed that there is a genetic bottleneck between the ranges with a decrease in allelic richness and total number of alleles in Europe. Lastly, we found more clonality within European populations. Black locust became invasive in Europe despite being introduced from a reduced part of its native distribution. Our results suggest that human activity, such as breeding programs in Europe and the seed trade throughout the introduced range, had a major role in promoting invasion; therefore, the introduction of the missing American genetic cluster to Europe should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Frédérique Verdu
- Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Emmi Aikio
- Department of Genetics and PhysiologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Paul Bloese
- Department of ForestryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Kasso Dainou
- Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | | | - Olivier De Thier
- Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | | | - Coralie Mengal
- Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | - Arnaud Monty
- Forest Management Unit, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
| | | | - Marcela van Loo
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Ludivine Lassois
- Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGemblouxBelgium
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Mable BK. Conservation of adaptive potential and functional diversity: integrating old and new approaches. CONSERV GENET 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-018-1129-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Baduel P, Bray S, Vallejo-Marin M, Kolář F, Yant L. The “Polyploid Hop”: Shifting Challenges and Opportunities Over the Evolutionary Lifespan of Genome Duplications. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Winkler DE, Gremer JR, Chapin KJ, Kao M, Huxman TE. Rapid alignment of functional trait variation with locality across the invaded range of Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1188-1197. [PMID: 30011076 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF STUDY Mechanisms by which invasive species succeed across multiple novel environmental contexts are poorly understood. Functional traits show promise for identifying such mechanisms, yet we lack knowledge of which functional traits are critical for success and how they vary across invaded ranges and with environmental features. We evaluated the widespread recent invasion of Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii) in the southwestern United States to understand the extent of functional trait variation across the invaded range and how such variation is related to spatial and climatic gradients. METHODS We used a common garden approach, growing two generations of plants in controlled conditions sourced from 10 locations across the invaded range. We measured variation within and among populations in phenological, morphological, and physiological traits, as well as performance. KEY RESULTS We found nine key traits that varied among populations. These traits were related to phenology and early growth strategies, such as the timing of germination and flowering, as well as relative allocation of biomass to reproduction and individual seed mass. Trait variation was related most strongly to variation in winter precipitation patterns across localities, though variations in temperature and latitude also had significant contributions. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify key functional traits of this invasive species that showed significant variation among introduced populations across a broad geographic and climatic range. Further, trait variation among populations was strongly related to key climatic variables, which suggests that population divergence in these traits may explain the successful colonization of Sahara mustard across its invaded US range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Winkler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, Utah, 84532, USA
| | - Jennifer R Gremer
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Kenneth J Chapin
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Melanie Kao
- Undergraduate Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Travis E Huxman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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