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Gessler A, Wieloch T, Saurer M, Lehmann MM, Werner RA, Kammerer B. The marriage between stable isotope ecology and plant metabolomics - new perspectives for metabolic flux analysis and the interpretation of ecological archives. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 39021246 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Even though they share many thematical overlaps, plant metabolomics and stable isotope ecology have been rather separate fields mainly due to different mass spectrometry demands. New high-resolution bioanalytical mass spectrometers are now not only offering high-throughput metabolite identification but are also suitable for compound- and intramolecular position-specific isotope analysis in the natural isotope abundance range. In plant metabolomics, label-free metabolic pathway and metabolic flux analysis might become possible when applying this new technology. This is because changes in the commitment of substrates to particular metabolic pathways and the activation or deactivation of others alter enzyme-specific isotope effects. This leads to differences in intramolecular and compound-specific isotope compositions. In plant isotope ecology, position-specific isotope analysis in plant archives informed by metabolic pathway analysis could be used to reconstruct and separate environmental impacts on complex metabolic processes. A technology-driven linkage between the two disciplines could allow to extract information on environment-metabolism interaction from plant archives such as tree rings but also within ecosystems. This would contribute to a holistic understanding of how plants react to environmental drivers, thus also providing helpful information on the trajectories of the vegetation under the conditions to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gessler
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
- Ecosystem Ecology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wieloch
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå Plant Science Centre, 90736, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Ecosystem Ecology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Ecosystem Ecology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Core Competence Metabolomics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Fan Y, Tcherkez G, Scafaro AP, Taylor NL, Furbank RT, von Caemmerer S, Atkin OK. Variation in leaf dark respiration among C3 and C4 grasses is associated with use of different substrates. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1475-1490. [PMID: 38324704 PMCID: PMC11142371 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Measurements of respiratory properties have often been made at a single time point either during daytime using dark-adapted leaves or during nighttime. The influence of the day-night cycle on respiratory metabolism has received less attention but is crucial to understand photosynthesis and photorespiration. Here, we examined how CO2- and O2-based rates of leaf dark respiration (Rdark) differed between midday (after 30-min dark adaptation) and midnight in 8 C3 and C4 grasses. We used these data to calculate the respiratory quotient (RQ; ratio of CO2 release to O2 uptake), and assessed relationships between Rdark and leaf metabolome. Rdark was higher at midday than midnight, especially in C4 species. The day-night difference in Rdark was more evident when expressed on a CO2 than O2 basis, with the RQ being higher at midday than midnight in all species, except in rice (Oryza sativa). Metabolomic analyses showed little correlation of Rdark or RQ with leaf carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, fructose, or starch) but strong multivariate relationships with other metabolites. The results suggest that rates of Rdark and differences in RQ were determined by several concurrent CO2-producing and O2-consuming metabolic pathways, not only the tricarboxylic acid cycle (organic acids utilization) but also the pentose phosphate pathway, galactose metabolism, and secondary metabolism. As such, Rdark was time-, type- (C3/C4) and species-dependent, due to the use of different substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Fan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe, Université d'Angers, Beaucouzé 49100, France
| | - Andrew P Scafaro
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Nicolas L Taylor
- School of Molecular Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert T Furbank
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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3
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Yu YZ, Liu HT, Yang F, Li L, Schäufele R, Tcherkez G, Schnyder H, Gong XY. δ13C of bulk organic matter and cellulose reveal post-photosynthetic fractionation during ontogeny in C4 grass leaves. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1451-1464. [PMID: 37943576 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The 13C isotope composition (δ13C) of leaf dry matter is a useful tool for physiological and ecological studies. However, how post-photosynthetic fractionation associated with respiration and carbon export influences δ13C remains uncertain. We investigated the effects of post-photosynthetic fractionation on δ13C of mature leaves of Cleistogenes squarrosa, a perennial C4 grass, in controlled experiments with different levels of vapour pressure deficit and nitrogen supply. With increasing leaf age class, the 12C/13C fractionation of leaf organic matter relative to the δ13C of atmosphere CO2 (ΔDM) increased while that of cellulose (Δcel) was almost constant. The divergence between ΔDM and Δcel increased with leaf age class, with a maximum value of 1.6‰, indicating the accumulation of post-photosynthetic fractionation. Applying a new mass balance model that accounts for respiration and export of photosynthates, we found an apparent 12C/13C fractionation associated with carbon export of -0.5‰ to -1.0‰. Different ΔDM among leaves, pseudostems, daughter tillers, and roots indicate that post-photosynthetic fractionation happens at the whole-plant level. Compared with ΔDM of old leaves, ΔDM of young leaves and Δcel are more reliable proxies for predicting physiological parameters due to the lower sensitivity to post-photosynthetic fractionation and the similar sensitivity in responses to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Hai Tao Liu
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe, Université d'Angers, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Xiao Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fuzhou, China
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Wang S, Epron D, Kobayashi K, Takanashi S, Dannoura M. Sources of carbon supporting the fast growth of developing immature moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis) culms: inference from carbon isotopes and anatomy. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad046. [PMID: 37497441 PMCID: PMC10368343 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Phyllostachys edulis is a spectacularly fast-growing species that completes its height growth within 2 months after the shoot emerges without producing leaves (fast-growing period, FGP). This phase was considered heterotrophic, with the carbon necessary for the growth being transferred from the mature culms via the rhizomes, although previous studies observed key enzymes and anatomical features related to C4-carbon fixation in developing culms. We tested whether C4-photosynthesis or dark-CO2 fixation through anaplerotic reactions significantly contributes to the FGP, resulting in differences in the natural abundance of δ13C in bulk organic matter and organic compounds. Further, pulse-13CO2-labelling was performed on developing culms, either from the surface or from the internal hollow, to ascertain whether significant CO2 fixation occurs in developing culms. δ13C of young shoots and developing culms were higher (-26.3 to -26.9 ‰) compared to all organs of mature bamboos (-28.4 to -30.1 ‰). Developing culms contained chlorophylls, most observed in the skin tissues. After pulse-13CO2-labelling, the polar fraction extracted from the skin tissues was slightly enriched in 13C, and only a weak 13C enrichment was observed in inner tissues. Main carbon source sustaining the FGP was not assimilated by the developing culm, while a limited anaplerotic fixation of respired CO2 cannot be excluded and is more likely than C4-photosynthetic carbon fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Epron
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keito Kobayashi
- Kansai Research Centre, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 68 Momoyamacho Nagaikyutaro, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
| | - Satoru Takanashi
- Kansai Research Centre, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 68 Momoyamacho Nagaikyutaro, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
| | - Masako Dannoura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Ma WT, Yu YZ, Wang X, Gong XY. Estimation of intrinsic water-use efficiency from δ 13C signature of C 3 leaves: Assumptions and uncertainty. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1037972. [PMID: 36714771 PMCID: PMC9877432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1037972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon isotope composition (δ13C) has been widely used to estimate the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of plants in ecosystems around the world, providing an ultimate record of the functional response of plants to climate change. This approach relies on established relationships between leaf gas exchange and isotopic discrimination, which are reflected in different formulations of 13C-based iWUE models. In the current literature, most studies have utilized the simple, linear equation of photosynthetic discrimination to estimate iWUE. However, recent studies demonstrated that using this linear model for quantitative studies of iWUE could be problematic. Despite these advances, there is a scarcity of review papers that have comprehensively reviewed the theoretical basis, assumptions, and uncertainty of 13C-based iWUE models. Here, we 1) present the theoretical basis of 13C-based iWUE models: the classical model (iWUEsim), the comprehensive model (iWUEcom), and the model incorporating mesophyll conductance (iWUEmes); 2) discuss the limitations of the widely used iWUEsim model; 3) and make suggestions on the application of the iWUEmes model. Finally, we suggest that a mechanistic understanding of mesophyll conductance associated effects and post-photosynthetic fractionation are the bottlenecks for improving the 13C-based estimation of iWUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fuzhou, China
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6
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Palmer L, Robertson I, Lavergne A, Hemming D, Loader NJ, Young G, Davies D, Rinne‐Garmston K, Los S, Williams J. Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Isotope Discrimination Predicted by the JULES Land Surface Model. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. BIOGEOSCIENCES 2022; 127:e2022JG007041. [PMID: 37034424 PMCID: PMC10078459 DOI: 10.1029/2022jg007041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Stable carbon isotopes in plants can help evaluate and improve the representation of carbon and water cycles in land-surface models, increasing confidence in projections of vegetation response to climate change. Here, we evaluated the predictive skills of the Joint UK Land Environmental Simulator (JULES) to capture spatio-temporal variations in carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) reconstructed by tree rings at 12 sites in the United Kingdom over the period 1979-2016. Modeled and measured Δ13C time series were compared at each site and their relationships with local climate investigated. Modeled Δ13C time series were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with tree-ring Δ13C at eight sites, but JULES underestimated mean Δ13C values at all sites, by up to 2.6‰. Differences in mean Δ13C may result from post-photosynthetic isotopic fractionations that were not considered in JULES. Inter-annual variability in Δ13C was also underestimated by JULES at all sites. While modeled Δ13C typically increased over time across the UK, tree-ring Δ13C values increased only at five sites located in the northern regions but decreased at the southern-most sites. Considering all sites together, JULES captured the overall influence of environmental drivers on Δ13C but failed to capture the direction of change in Δ13C caused by air temperature, atmospheric CO2 and vapor pressure deficit at some sites. Results indicate that the representation of carbon-water coupling in JULES could be improved to reproduce both the trend and magnitude of interannual variability in isotopic records, the influence of local climate on Δ13C, and to reduce uncertainties in predicting vegetation-environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Palmer
- Department of GeographySwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
- Modelling and InformaticsSoils, Crops, and WaterRSK ADAS LimitedBristolUK
| | | | - Aliénor Lavergne
- Department of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
- Department of PhysicsImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Giles Young
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)HelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Sietse Los
- Department of GeographySwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
- Wetland Conservation UnitWildfowl and Wetland Trust (WWT)GloucestershireUK
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Ubierna N, Holloway‐Phillips M, Farquhar GD. Scaling from fluxes to organic matter: interpreting 13 C isotope ratios of plant material using flux models. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:2003-2008. [PMID: 36385264 PMCID: PMC9827853 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article is a Commentary on Leppä et al. (2022), 236: 2044–2060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Ubierna
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | | | - Graham D. Farquhar
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
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8
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Gong XY, Ma WT, Yu YZ, Fang K, Yang Y, Tcherkez G, Adams MA. Overestimated gains in water-use efficiency by global forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4923-4934. [PMID: 35490304 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increases in terrestrial water-use efficiency (WUE) have been reported in many studies, pointing to potential changes in physiological forcing of global carbon and hydrological cycles. However, gains in WUE are of uncertain magnitude over longer (i.e. >10 years) periods of time largely owing to difficulties in accounting for structural and physiological acclimation. 13 C signatures (i.e. δ13 C) of plant organic matter have long been used to estimate WUE at temporal scales ranging from days to centuries. Mesophyll conductance is a key uncertainty in estimated WUE owing to its influence on diffusion of CO2 to sites of carboxylation. Here we apply new knowledge of mesophyll conductance to 464 δ13 C chronologies in tree-rings of 143 species spanning global biomes. Adjusted for mesophyll conductance, gains in WUE during the 20th century (0.15 ppm year-1 ) were considerably smaller than those estimated from conventional modelling (0.26 ppm year-1 ). Across the globe, mean sensitivity of WUE to atmospheric CO2 was 0.15 ppm ppm-1 . Ratios of internal-to-atmospheric CO2 (on a mole fraction basis; ci /ca ) in leaves were mostly constant over time but differed among biomes and plant taxa-highlighting the significance of both plant structure and physiology. Together with synchronized responses in stomatal and mesophyll conductance, our results suggest that ratios of chloroplastic-to-atmospheric CO2 (cc /ca ) are constrained over time. We conclude that forest WUE may have not increased as much as previously suggested and that projections of future climate forcing via CO2 fertilization may need to be adjusted accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Keyan Fang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe, Université d'Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mark A Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Zhang J, Tang Z, Wang W, Zhang H, Liu Y, Xin Y, Zhao L, Li H. Nutrient resorption responses of plant life forms to nitrogen addition in temperate shrublands. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology Xinzhou Teachers University Xinzhou China
| | - Zhiyao Tang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Lab for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Biology Xinzhou Teachers University Xinzhou China
| | - Hufang Zhang
- Department of Biology Xinzhou Teachers University Xinzhou China
| | - Yong Liu
- Institute of Loess Plateau Shanxi University Taiyuan China
| | - Yanhua Xin
- Department of Biology Xinzhou Teachers University Xinzhou China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Biology Xinzhou Teachers University Xinzhou China
| | - He Li
- Department of Geographical Sciences, School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou China
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10
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Tarakanov IG, Tovstyko DA, Lomakin MP, Shmakov AS, Sleptsov NN, Shmarev AN, Litvinskiy VA, Ivlev AA. Effects of Light Spectral Quality on Photosynthetic Activity, Biomass Production, and Carbon Isotope Fractionation in Lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:441. [PMID: 35161422 PMCID: PMC8840441 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of plant-specific LED lighting protocols for indoor plant growing systems needs both basic and applied research. Experiments with lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., plants using artificial lighting based on narrow-band LEDs were carried out in a controlled environment. We investigated plant responses to the exclusion of certain spectral ranges of light in the region of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); in comparison, the responses to quasimonochromatic radiation in the red and blue regions were studied separately. The data on plant phenotyping, photosynthetic activity determination, and PAM fluorometry, indicating plant functional activity and stress responses to anomalous light environments, are presented. The study on carbon isotopic composition of photoassimilates in the diel cycle made it possible to characterize the balance of carboxylation and photorespiration processes in the leaves, using a previously developed oscillatory model of photosynthesis. Thus, the share of plant photorespiration (related to plant biomass enrichment with 13C) increased in response to red-light action, while blue light accelerated carboxylation (related to 12C enrichment). Blue light also reduced water use efficiency. These data are supported by the observations from the light environments missing distinct PAR spectrum regions. The fact that light of different wavelengths affects the isotopic composition of total carbon allowed us to elucidate the nature of its action on the organization of plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan G. Tarakanov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str., 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (M.P.L.); (A.S.S.); (N.N.S.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Daria A. Tovstyko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str., 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (M.P.L.); (A.S.S.); (N.N.S.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Maxim P. Lomakin
- Department of Plant Physiology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str., 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (M.P.L.); (A.S.S.); (N.N.S.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Alexander S. Shmakov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str., 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (M.P.L.); (A.S.S.); (N.N.S.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Nikolay N. Sleptsov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str., 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (M.P.L.); (A.S.S.); (N.N.S.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Alexander N. Shmarev
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Litvinskiy
- Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123, Profsoyuznaya Str., 117647 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander A. Ivlev
- Department of Plant Physiology, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Timiryazevskaya Str., 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.T.); (M.P.L.); (A.S.S.); (N.N.S.); (A.A.I.)
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11
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Fiorella RP, Kannenberg SA, Anderegg WRL, Monson RK, Ehleringer JR. Heterogeneous isotope effects decouple conifer leaf and branch sugar δ 18O and δ 13C. Oecologia 2022; 198:357-370. [PMID: 35107645 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Isotope ratios of tree-ring cellulose are a prominent tool to reconstruct paleoclimate and plant responses to environmental variation. Current models for cellulose isotope ratios assume a transfer of the environmental signals recorded in bulk leaf water to carbohydrates and ultimately into stem cellulose. However, the isotopic signal of carbohydrates exported from leaf to branch may deviate from mean leaf values if spatial heterogeneity in isotope ratios exists in the leaf. We tested whether the isotopic heterogeneity previously observed along the length of a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) leaf water was preserved in photosynthetic products. We observed an increase in both sugar and bulk tissue δ18O values along the needle, but the increase in carbohydrate δ18O values was dampened relative to the trend observed in leaf water. In contrast, δ13C values of both sugar and bulk organic matter were invariant along the needle. Phloem-exported sugar measured in the branch below the needles did not match whole-needle values of δ18O or δ13C. Instead, there was a near-constant offset observed between the branch and needle sugar δ13C values, while branch δ18O values were most similar to δ18O values observed for sugar at the base of the needle. The observed offset between the branch and needle sugar δ18O values likely arises from partial isotope oxygen exchange between sugars and water during phloem loading and transport. An improved understanding of the conditions producing differential δ13C and δ18O isotope effects between branch phloem and needle sugars could improve tree-ring-based climate reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Fiorella
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Global Change and Sustainability Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Steven A Kannenberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - William R L Anderegg
- Global Change and Sustainability Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Russell K Monson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Laboratory of Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - James R Ehleringer
- Global Change and Sustainability Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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12
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Stangl ZR, Tarvainen L, Wallin G, Marshall JD. Limits to photosynthesis: seasonal shifts in supply and demand for CO 2 in Scots pine. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1108-1120. [PMID: 34775610 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Boreal forests undergo a strong seasonal photosynthetic cycle; however, the underlying processes remain incompletely characterized. Here, we present a novel analysis of the seasonal diffusional and biochemical limits to photosynthesis (Anet ) relative to temperature and light limitations in high-latitude mature Pinus sylvestris, including a high-resolution analysis of the seasonality of mesophyll conductance (gm ) and its effect on the estimation of carboxylation capacity ( VCmax ). We used a custom-built gas-exchange system coupled to a carbon isotope analyser to obtain continuous measurements for the estimation of the relevant shoot gas-exchange parameters and quantified the biochemical and diffusional controls alongside the environmental controls over Anet . The seasonality of Anet was strongly dependent on VCmax and the diffusional limitations. Stomatal limitation was low in spring and autumn but increased to 31% in June. By contrast, mesophyll limitation was nearly constant (19%). We found that VCmax limited Anet in the spring, whereas daily temperatures and the gradual reduction of light availability limited Anet in the autumn, despite relatively high VCmax . We describe for the first time the role of mesophyll conductance in connection with seasonal trends in net photosynthesis of P. sylvestris, revealing a strong coordination between gm and Anet , but not between gm and stomatal conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia R Stangl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 19, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 19, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John D Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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13
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Wahdan SFM, Reitz T, Heintz-Buschart A, Schädler M, Roscher C, Breitkreuz C, Schnabel B, Purahong W, Buscot F. Organic agricultural practice enhances arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in correspondence to soil warming and altered precipitation patterns. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6163-6176. [PMID: 33780112 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate and agricultural practice interact to influence both crop production and soil microbes in agroecosystems. Here, we carried out a unique experiment in Central Germany to simultaneously investigate the effects of climates (ambient climate vs. future climate expected in 50-70 years), agricultural practices (conventional vs. organic farming), and their interaction on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inside wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots. AMF communities were characterized using Illumina sequencing of 18S rRNA gene amplicons. We showed that climatic conditions and agricultural practices significantly altered total AMF community composition. Conventional farming significantly affected the AMF community and caused a decline in AMF richness. Factors shaping AMF community composition and richness at family level differed greatly among Glomeraceae, Gigasporaceae and Diversisporaceae. An interactive impact of climate and agricultural practices was detected in the community composition of Diversisporaceae. Organic farming mitigated the negative effect of future climate and promoted total AMF and Gigasporaceae richness. AMF richness was significantly linked with nutrient content of wheat grains under both agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fareed Mohamed Wahdan
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.,Department of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Thomas Reitz
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Martin Schädler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Christiane Roscher
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.,Department of Physiological Diversity, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Claudia Breitkreuz
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Beatrix Schnabel
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Witoon Purahong
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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14
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Gimeno TE, Campany CE, Drake JE, Barton CVM, Tjoelker MG, Ubierna N, Marshall JD. Whole-tree mesophyll conductance reconciles isotopic and gas-exchange estimates of water-use efficiency. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2535-2547. [PMID: 33217000 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic water-use efficiency (WUE) describes the link between terrestrial carbon (C) and water cycles. Estimates of intrinsic WUE (iWUE) from gas exchange and C isotopic composition (δ13 C) differ due to an internal conductance in the leaf mesophyll (gm ) that is variable and seldom computed. We present the first direct estimates of whole-tree gm , together with iWUE from whole-tree gas exchange and δ13 C of the phloem (δ13 Cph ). We measured gas exchange, online 13 C-discrimination, and δ13 Cph monthly throughout spring, summer, and autumn in Eucalyptus tereticornis grown in large whole-tree chambers. Six trees were grown at ambient temperatures and six at a 3°C warmer air temperature; a late-summer drought was also imposed. Drought reduced whole-tree gm . Warming had few direct effects, but amplified drought-induced reductions in whole-tree gm . Whole-tree gm was similar to leaf gm for these same trees. iWUE estimates from δ13 Cph agreed with iWUE from gas exchange, but only after incorporating gm . δ13 Cph was also correlated with whole-tree 13 C-discrimination, but offset by -2.5 ± 0.7‰, presumably due to post-photosynthetic fractionations. We conclude that δ13 Cph is a good proxy for whole-tree iWUE, with the caveats that post-photosynthetic fractionations and intrinsic variability of gm should be incorporated to provide reliable estimates of this trait in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa E Gimeno
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48008, Spain
| | - Courtney E Campany
- Department of Biology, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443, USA
| | - John E Drake
- Forest and Natural Resources Management, SUNY-ESF, Syracuse, NY, 132110, USA
| | - Craig V M Barton
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Nerea Ubierna
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John D Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd 17, 907 36, Umeå, Sweden
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15
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Vernay A, Tian X, Chi J, Linder S, Mäkelä A, Oren R, Peichl M, Stangl ZR, Tor-Ngern P, Marshall JD. Estimating canopy gross primary production by combining phloem stable isotopes with canopy and mesophyll conductances. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2124-2142. [PMID: 32596814 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary production (GPP) is a key component of the forest carbon cycle. However, our knowledge of GPP at the stand scale remains uncertain, because estimates derived from eddy covariance (EC) rely on semi-empirical modelling and the assumptions of the EC technique are sometimes not fully met. We propose using the sap flux/isotope method as an alternative way to estimate canopy GPP, termed GPPiso/SF , at the stand scale and at daily resolution. It is based on canopy conductance inferred from sap flux and intrinsic water-use efficiency estimated from the stable carbon isotope composition of phloem contents. The GPPiso/SF estimate was further corrected for seasonal variations in photosynthetic capacity and mesophyll conductance. We compared our estimate of GPPiso/SF to the GPP derived from PRELES, a model parameterized with EC data. The comparisons were performed in a highly instrumented, boreal Scots pine forest in northern Sweden, including a nitrogen fertilized and a reference plot. The resulting annual and daily GPPiso/SF estimates agreed well with PRELES, in the fertilized plot and the reference plot. We discuss the GPPiso/SF method as an alternative which can be widely applied without terrain restrictions, where the assumptions of EC are not met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Vernay
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xianglin Tian
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jinshu Chi
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sune Linder
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ram Oren
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Environmental Science & Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zsofia R Stangl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pantana Tor-Ngern
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Environment, Health and Social Data Analytics Research Group, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - John D Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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16
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Balogh J, Fóti S, Papp M, Pintér K, Nagy Z. Separating the effects of temperature and carbon allocation on the diel pattern of soil respiration in the different phenological stages in dry grasslands. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223247. [PMID: 31622368 PMCID: PMC6797092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diel variability of soil respiration is influenced by several factors including temperature and carbon allocation as the most significant ones, co-varying on multiple time scales. In an attempt to disentangle their effects we analyzed the dynamics of soil respiration components using data from a three-year soil respiration study. We measured CO2 efflux in intact, root-excluded and root- and mycorrhizal fungi excluded plots and analyzed the diel variability in different phenological stages. We used sine wave models to describe the diel pattern of soil respiration and to disentangle the effects of temperature from belowground carbon allocation based on the differences between component dynamics inferred from the fitted models. Rhizospheric respiration peaked 8-12 hours after GPP peak, while mycorrhizal fungi respiration had a longer time lag of 13-20 hours. Results of δ13CO2 isotopic signals from the respiration components showed similar patterns. It was found that drought affected the component respiration rates differently. Also, the speed and the amount of carbon allocation to the roots as well as to the mycorrhizal fungi was reduced under drought. We conclude that the diel variability of soil respiration is the result of the integrated patterns of temperature- and carbon allocation-driven components in dry grasslands and their share depends on their phenological stages and stress state.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Balogh
- Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Szilvia Fóti
- Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
- MTA-SZIE Agroecology Research Group, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Marianna Papp
- Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
- MTA-SZIE Agroecology Research Group, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pintér
- Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
- MTA-SZIE Agroecology Research Group, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- Institute of Botany and Ecophysiology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
- MTA-SZIE Agroecology Research Group, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
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17
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Hussain MI, El-Keblawy A, Mitterand Tsombou F. Leaf Age, Canopy Position, and Habitat Affect the Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Water-Use Efficiency in Three C 3 Leguminous Prosopis Species from a Hyper-Arid Climate. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100402. [PMID: 31600871 PMCID: PMC6843744 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study involved measurements of the stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of three C3 leguminous Prosopis spp. (P. juliflora, P. cineraria, and P. pallida) foliage at different canopy positions (east and west) from saline (SLH) and non-saline habitats (NSH). Integrated measurements of the stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of plant tissue were broadly used to study iWUE, taking into consideration the effect of leaf age and canopy position on C isotope discrimination. Mature foliage of P. pallida from an SLH with a west canopy position had significantly higher δ13C (less negative) than that from NSH. On the west side, Δ13C values ranged from 17.8‰ (P. pallida) to 22.31‰ (P. juliflora) for a west canopy position, while they varied from 18.05‰ (P. pallida) to 22.4‰ (P. cineraria) on the east canopy side. Because the patterns are similar for the three Prosopis species, the difference in carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) between the canopy position (west and east) is relatively consistent among species and sites, ranging between 17.8 ± 4.43‰ for the young foliage in the west and 18.05 ± 4.35‰ for the east canopy position. The iWUE of P. pallida was twice that of P. cineraria. The iWUE of P. juliflora was higher from NSH than SLH. Mature leaves possessed a higher iWUE than the young leaves. We concluded that exotic P. juliflora and P. pallida have higher iWUE values than the native P. cineraria, which might be due to the rapid below-ground development of plant roots in the Arabian deserts of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This could enable the alien species access to deeper humid soil layers or water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iftikhar Hussain
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
| | - Ali El-Keblawy
- Research Institute of Science and Engineering (RISE), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
| | - François Mitterand Tsombou
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain.
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18
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Bögelein R, Lehmann MM, Thomas FM. Differences in carbon isotope leaf-to-phloem fractionation and mixing patterns along a vertical gradient in mature European beech and Douglas fir. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1803-1815. [PMID: 30740705 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
While photosynthetic isotope discrimination is well understood, the postphotosynthetic and transport-related fractionation mechanisms that influence phloem and subsequently tree ring δ13 C are less investigated and may vary among species. We studied the seasonal and diel courses of leaf-to-phloem δ13 C differences of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) in vertical crown gradients and followed the assimilate transport via the branches to the trunk phloem at breast height in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). δ13 C of individual sugars and cyclitols from a subsample was determined by compound-specific isotope analysis. In beech, leaf-to-phloem δ13 C differences in WSOM increased with height and were partly caused by biochemical isotope fractionation between leaf compounds. 13 C-Enrichment of phloem sugars relative to leaf sucrose implies an additional isotope fractionation mechanism related to leaf assimilate export. In Douglas fir, leaf-to-phloem δ13 C differences were much smaller and isotopically invariant pinitol strongly influenced leaf and phloem WSOM. Trunk phloem WSOM at breast height reflected canopy-integrated δ13 C in beech but not in Douglas fir. Our results demonstrate that leaf-to-phloem isotope fractionation and δ13 C mixing patterns along vertical gradients can differ between tree species. These effects have to be considered for functional interpretations of trunk phloem and tree ring δ13 C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Bögelein
- Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences - Geobotany, University of Trier, Behringstraße 21, Trier, 54296, Germany
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute WSL Birmensdorf, Zuercherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Frank M Thomas
- Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences - Geobotany, University of Trier, Behringstraße 21, Trier, 54296, Germany
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19
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Lehmann MM, Ghiasi S, George GM, Cormier MA, Gessler A, Saurer M, Werner RA. Influence of starch deficiency on photosynthetic and post-photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1829-1841. [PMID: 30785201 PMCID: PMC6436151 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon isotope (13C) fractionations occurring during and after photosynthetic CO2 fixation shape the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of plant material and respired CO2. However, responses of 13C fractionations to diel variation in starch metabolism in the leaf are not fully understood. Here we measured δ13C of organic matter (δ13COM), concentrations and δ13C of potential respiratory substrates, δ13C of dark-respired CO2 (δ13CR), and gas exchange in leaves of starch-deficient plastidial phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutants and wild-type plants of four species (Arabidopsis thaliana, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, Nicotiana sylvestris, and Pisum sativum). The strongest δ13C response to the pgm-induced starch deficiency was observed in N. sylvestris, with more negative δ13COM, δ13CR, and δ13C values for assimilates (i.e. sugars and starch) and organic acids (i.e. malate and citrate) in pgm mutants than in wild-type plants during a diel cycle. The genotype differences in δ13C values could be largely explained by differences in leaf gas exchange. In contrast, the PGM-knockout effect on post-photosynthetic 13C fractionations via the plastidic fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase reaction or during respiration was small. Taken together, our results show that the δ13C variations in starch-deficient mutants are primarily explained by photosynthetic 13C fractionations and that the combination of knockout mutants and isotope analyses allows additional insights into plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Shiva Ghiasi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gavin M George
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc-André Cormier
- GFZ – German Research Centre for Geosciences, Geomorphology, Organic Surface Geochemistry Lab, Telegrafenberg, Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Oxford, Department of Earth Sciences, Ocean Biogeochemistry Group, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Salmon Y, Li X, Yang B, Ma K, Siegwolf RTW, Schmid B. Surrounding species diversity improves subtropical seedlings' carbon dynamics. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7055-7067. [PMID: 30073067 PMCID: PMC6065279 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing biodiversity has been linked to higher primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the underlying ecophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of surrounding species richness (monoculture, two- and four-species mixtures) on the ecophysiology of Lithocarpus glaber seedlings in experimental plots in subtropical China. A natural rain event isotopically labelled both the water uptaken by the L. glaber seedlings and the carbon in new photoassimilates through changes of photosynthetic discrimination. We followed the labelled carbon (C) and oxygen (O) in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum. We measured gas-exchange variables (C assimilation, transpiration and above- and belowground respiration) and δ13C in leaf biomass, phloem, soil microbial biomass, leaf- and soil-respired CO 2 as well as δ18O in leaf and xylem water. The 13C signal in phloem and respired CO 2 in L. glaber in monoculture lagged behind those in species mixture, showing a slower transport of new photoassimilates to and through the phloem in monoculture. Furthermore, leaf-water 18O enrichment above the xylem water in L. glaber increased after the rain in lower diversity plots suggesting a lower ability to compensate for increased transpiration. Lithocarpus glaber in monoculture showed higher C assimilation rate and water-use efficiency. However, these increased C resources did not translate in higher growth of L. glaber in monoculture suggesting the existence of larger nongrowth-related C sinks in monoculture. These ecophysiological responses of L. glaber, in agreement with current understanding of phloem transport are consistent with a stronger competition for water resources in monoculture than in species mixtures. Therefore, increasing species diversity in the close vicinity of the studied plants appears to alleviate physiological stress induced by water competition and to counterbalance the negative effects of interspecific competition on assimilation rates for L. glaber by allowing a higher fraction of the C assimilated to be allocated to growth in species mixture than in monoculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Salmon
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest SciencesFaculty of Agriculture and ForestryUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Speciality Resources Biodiversity of Jiangxi ProvinceJingdezhen UniversityJingdezhenJiangxiChina
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environment and Vegetation ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesXiangshan, BeijingChina
| | - Rolf T. W. Siegwolf
- Lab for Atmospheric Chemistry, Ecosystem Fluxes and Stable Isotope ResearchPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Intramolecular 13C analysis of tree rings provides multiple plant ecophysiology signals covering decades. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5048. [PMID: 29567963 PMCID: PMC5864875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurements of carbon isotope contents of plant organic matter provide important information in diverse fields such as plant breeding, ecophysiology, biogeochemistry and paleoclimatology. They are currently based on 13C/12C ratios of specific, whole metabolites, but we show here that intramolecular ratios provide higher resolution information. In the glucose units of tree-ring cellulose of 12 tree species, we detected large differences in 13C/12C ratios (>10‰) among carbon atoms, which provide isotopically distinct inputs to major global C pools, including wood and soil organic matter. Thus, considering position-specific differences can improve characterisation of soil-to-atmosphere carbon fluxes and soil metabolism. In a Pinus nigra tree-ring archive formed from 1961 to 1995, we found novel 13C signals, and show that intramolecular analysis enables more comprehensive and precise signal extraction from tree rings, and thus higher resolution reconstruction of plants’ responses to climate change. Moreover, we propose an ecophysiological mechanism for the introduction of a 13C signal, which links an environmental shift to the triggered metabolic shift and its intramolecular 13C signature. In conclusion, intramolecular 13C analyses can provide valuable new information about long-term metabolic dynamics for numerous applications.
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22
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Spangenberg JE, Vogiatzaki M, Zufferey V. Gas chromatography and isotope ratio mass spectrometry of Pinot Noir wine volatile compounds (δ13C) and solid residues (δ13C, δ15N) for the reassessment of vineyard water-status. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1517:142-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Paya AM, Grams TEE, Bauerle TL. Seasonal dynamics of δ(13) C of C-rich fractions from Picea abies (Norway spruce) and Fagus sylvatica (European beech) fine roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2004-2013. [PMID: 27155532 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The (13/12) C ratio in plant roots is likely dynamic depending on root function (storage versus uptake), but to date, little is known about the effect of season and root order (an indicator of root function) on the isotopic composition of C-rich fractions in roots. To address this, we monitored the stable isotopic composition of one evergreen (Picea abies) and one deciduous (Fagus sylvatica), tree species' roots by measuring δ(13) C of bulk, respired and labile C, and starch from first/second and third/fourth order roots during spring and fall root production periods. In both species, root order differences in δ(13) C were observed in bulk organic matter, labile, and respired C fractions. Beech exhibited distinct seasonal trends in δ(13) C of respired C, while spruce did not. In fall, first/second order beech roots were significantly depleted in (13) C, whereas spruce roots were enriched compared to higher order roots. Species variation in δ (13) C of respired C may be partially explained by seasonal shifts from enriched to depleted C substrates in deciduous beech roots. Regardless of species identity, differences in stable C isotopic composition of at least two root order groupings (first/second, third/fourth) were apparent, and should hereafter be separated in belowground C-supply-chain inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Paya
- Cornell University, Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Thorsten E E Grams
- Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Taryn L Bauerle
- Cornell University, Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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24
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Smith M, Wild B, Richter A, Simonin K, Merchant A. Carbon Isotope Composition of Carbohydrates and Polyols in Leaf and Phloem Sap of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Influences Predictions of Plant Water Use Efficiency. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1756-1766. [PMID: 27335348 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of carbon isotope abundance (δ(13)C) to assess plant carbon acquisition and water use has significant potential for use in crop management and plant improvement programs. Utilizing Phaseolus vulgaris L. as a model system, this study demonstrates the occurrence and sensitivity of carbon isotope fractionation during the onset of abiotic stresses between leaf and phloem carbon pools. In addition to gas exchange data, compound-specific measures of carbon isotope abundance and concentrations of soluble components of phloem sap were compared with major carbohydrate and sugar alcohol pools in leaf tissue. Differences in both δ(13)C and concentration of metabolites were found in leaf and phloem tissues, the magnitude of which responded to changing environmental conditions. These changes have inplications for the modeling of leaf-level gas exchange based upon δ(13)C natural abundance. Estimates of δ(13)C of low molecular weight carbohydrates and polyols increased the precision of predictions of water use efficiency compared with those based on bulk soluble carbon. The use of this technique requires consideration of the dynamics of the δ(13)C pool under investigation. Understanding the dynamics of changes in δ(13)C during movement and incorporation into heterotrophic tissues is vital for the continued development of tools that provide information on plant physiological performance relating to water use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent Smith
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia 2006
| | - Birgit Wild
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 1090
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 1090
| | - Kevin Simonin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia 2006 Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
| | - Andrew Merchant
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW, Australia 2006
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25
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Ellsworth PZ, Cousins AB. Carbon isotopes and water use efficiency in C4 plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 31:155-61. [PMID: 27155062 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major agricultural problem worldwide. Therefore, selection for increased water use efficiency (WUE) in food and biofuel crop species will be an important trait in plant breeding programs. The leaf carbon isotopic composition (δ(13)Cleaf) has been suggested to serve as a rapid and effective high throughput phenotyping method for WUE in both C3 and C4 species. This is because WUE, leaf carbon discrimination (Δ(13)Cleaf), and δ(13)Cleaf are correlated through their relationships with intercellular to ambient CO2 partial pressures (Ci/Ca). However, in C4 plants, changing environmental conditions may influence photosynthetic efficiency (bundle-sheath leakiness) and post-photosynthetic fractionation that will potentially alter the relationship between δ(13)Cleaf and Ci/Ca. Here we discuss how these factors influence the relationship between δ(13)Cleaf and WUE, and the potential of using δ(13)Cleaf as a meaningful proxy for WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asaph B Cousins
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, United States.
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26
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Salmon Y, Buchmann N, Barnard RL. Effects of Ontogeny on δ13C of Plant- and Soil-Respired CO2 and on Respiratory Carbon Fractionation in C3 Herbaceous Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151583. [PMID: 27010947 PMCID: PMC4807002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge gaps regarding potential ontogeny and plant species identity effects on carbon isotope fractionation might lead to misinterpretations of carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of respired CO2, a widely-used integrator of environmental conditions. In monospecific mesocosms grown under controlled conditions, the δ13C of C pools and fluxes and leaf ecophysiological parameters of seven herbaceous species belonging to three functional groups (crops, forage grasses and legumes) were investigated at three ontogenetic stages of their vegetative cycle (young foliage, maximum growth rate, early senescence). Ontogeny-related changes in δ13C of leaf- and soil-respired CO2 and 13C/12C fractionation in respiration (ΔR) were species-dependent and up to 7‰, a magnitude similar to that commonly measured in response to environmental factors. At plant and soil levels, changes in δ13C of respired CO2 and ΔR with ontogeny were related to changes in plant physiological status, likely through ontogeny-driven changes in the C sink to source strength ratio in the aboveground plant compartment. Our data further showed that lower ΔR values (i.e. respired CO2 relatively less depleted in 13C) were observed with decreasing net assimilation. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for ontogenetic stage and plant community composition in ecological studies using stable carbon isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Salmon
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lamade E, Tcherkez G, Darlan NH, Rodrigues RL, Fresneau C, Mauve C, Lamothe-Sibold M, Sketriené D, Ghashghaie J. Natural (13) C distribution in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and consequences for allocation pattern. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:199-212. [PMID: 26228944 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm has now become one of the most important crops, palm oil representing nearly 25% of global plant oil consumption. Many studies have thus addressed oil palm ecophysiology and photosynthesis-based models of carbon allocation have been used. However, there is a lack of experimental data on carbon fixation and redistribution within palm trees, and important C-sinks have not been fully characterized yet. Here, we carried out extensive measurement of natural (13) C-abundance (δ(13) C) in oil palm tissues, including fruits at different maturation stages. We find a (13) C-enrichment in heterotrophic organs compared to mature leaves, with roots being the most (13) C-enriched. The δ(13) C in fruits decreased during maturation, reflecting the accumulation in (13) C-depleted lipids. We further used observed δ(13) C values to compute plausible carbon fluxes using a steady-state model of (13) C-distribution including metabolic isotope effects ((12) v/(13) v). The results suggest that fruits represent a major respiratory loss (≈39% of total tree respiration) and that sink organs such as fruits are fed by sucrose from leaves. That is, glucose appears to be a quantitatively important compound in palm tissues, but computations indicate that it is involved in dynamic starch metabolism rather that C-exchange between organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lamade
- UPR34 Performance of Perennial Cropping Systems, CIRAD-PERSYST, Montpellier, 34398, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia
| | - Nuzul Hijri Darlan
- Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute, IOPRI, Jl. Brigjen Katamso 51, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
| | | | - Chantal Fresneau
- ESE, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay cedex, 91405, France
| | - Caroline Mauve
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Université Paris-Sud, IPS2, Orsay cedex, 91405, France
| | - Marlène Lamothe-Sibold
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Université Paris-Sud, IPS2, Orsay cedex, 91405, France
| | - Diana Sketriené
- ESE, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay cedex, 91405, France
| | - Jaleh Ghashghaie
- ESE, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8079, Orsay cedex, 91405, France
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28
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Kimak A, Kern Z, Leuenberger M. Qualitative Distinction of Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Processes at the Leaf Level by Means of Triple Stable Isotope (C-O-H) Patterns. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1008. [PMID: 26635835 PMCID: PMC4656849 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Foliar samples were harvested from two oaks, a beech, and a yew at the same site in order to trace the development of the leaves over an entire vegetation season. Cellulose yield and stable isotopic compositions (δ(13)C, δ(18)O, and δD) were analyzed on leaf cellulose. All parameters unequivocally define a juvenile and a mature period in the foliar expansion of each species. The accompanying shifts of the δ(13)C-values are in agreement with the transition from remobilized carbohydrates (juvenile period), to current photosynthates (mature phase). While the opponent seasonal trends of δ(18)O of blade and vein cellulose are in perfect agreement with the state-of-art mechanistic understanding, the lack of this discrepancy for δD, documented for the first time, is unexpected. For example, the offset range of 18 permil (oak veins) to 57 permil (oak blades) in δD may represent a process driven shift from autotrophic to heterotrophic processes. The shared pattern between blade and vein found for both oak and beech suggests an overwhelming metabolic isotope effect on δD that might be accompanied by proton transfer linked to the Calvin-cycle. These results provide strong evidence that hydrogen and oxygen are under different biochemical controls even at the leaf level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kimak
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of BernBern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
| | - Zoltan Kern
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)Budapest, Hungary
| | - Markus Leuenberger
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of BernBern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of BernBern, Switzerland
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29
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Rinne KT, Saurer M, Kirdyanov AV, Loader NJ, Bryukhanova MV, Werner RA, Siegwolf RTW. The relationship between needle sugar carbon isotope ratios and tree rings of larch in Siberia. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:1192-1205. [PMID: 26433019 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Significant gaps still exist in our knowledge about post-photosynthetic leaf level and downstream metabolic processes and isotopic fractionations. This includes their impact on the isotopic climate signal stored in the carbon isotope composition (δ(13)C) of leaf assimilates and tree rings. For the first time, we compared the seasonal δ(13)C variability of leaf sucrose with intra-annual, high-resolution δ(13)C signature of tree rings from larch (Larix gmelinii Rupr.). The trees were growing at two sites in the continuous permafrost zone of Siberia with different growth conditions. Our results indicate very similar low-frequency intra-seasonal trends of the sucrose and tree ring δ(13)C records with little or no indication for the use of 'old' photosynthates formed during the previous year(s). The comparison of leaf sucrose δ(13)C values with that in other leaf sugars and in tree rings elucidates the cause for the reported (13)C-enrichment of sink organs compared with leaves. We observed that while the average δ(13)C of all needle sugars was 1.2‰ more negative than δ(13)C value of wood, the δ(13)C value of the transport sugar sucrose was on an average 1.0‰ more positive than that of wood. Our study shows a high potential of the combined use of compound-specific isotope analysis of sugars (leaf and phloem) with intra-annual tree ring δ(13)C measurements for deepening our understanding about the mechanisms controlling the isotope variability in tree rings under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Rinne
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland Present address: Natural Resources Institute Finland, PO Box 18, FI-01301 Vantaa, Finland
| | - M Saurer
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A V Kirdyanov
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - N J Loader
- Department of Geography, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M V Bryukhanova
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
| | - R A Werner
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R T W Siegwolf
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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30
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Wegener F, Beyschlag W, Werner C. Dynamic carbon allocation into source and sink tissues determine within-plant differences in carbon isotope ratios. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:620-629. [PMID: 32480706 DOI: 10.1071/fp14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organs of C3 plants differ in their C isotopic signature (δ13C). In general, leaves are 13C-depleted relative to other organs. To investigate the development of spatial δ13C patterns, we induced different C allocation strategies by reducing light and nutrient availability for 12 months in the Mediterranean shrub Halimium halimifolium L. We measured morphological and physiological traits and the spatial δ13C variation among seven tissue classes during the experiment. A reduction of light (Low-L treatment) increased aboveground C allocation, plant height and specific leaf area. Reduced nutrient availability (Low-N treatment) enhanced C allocation into fine roots and reduced the spatial δ13C variation. In contrast, control and Low-L plants with high C allocation in new leaves showed a high δ13C variation within the plant (up to 2.5‰). The spatial δ13C variation was significantly correlated with the proportion of second-generation leaves from whole-plant biomass (R2=0.46). According to our results, isotope fractionation in dark respiration can influence the C isotope composition of plant tissues but cannot explain the entire spatial pattern seen. Our study indicates a foliar depletion in 13C during leaf development combined with export of relatively 13C-enriched C by mature source leaves as an important reason for the observed spatial δ13C pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Wegener
- AgroEcosystem Research, BAYCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Wolfram Beyschlag
- Experimental and Systems Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christiane Werner
- AgroEcosystem Research, BAYCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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31
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Raven JA, Griffiths H. Photosynthesis in reproductive structures: costs and benefits. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1699-705. [PMID: 25871648 PMCID: PMC4669558 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The role of photosynthesis by reproductive structures during grain-filling has important implications for cereal breeding, but the methods for assessing the contribution by reproductive structures to grain-filling are invasive and prone to compensatory changes elsewhere in the plant. A technique analysing the natural abundance of stable carbon isotopes in soluble carbohydrates has significant promise. However, it depends crucially on there being no more than two sources of organic carbon (leaf and ear/awn), with significantly different (13)C:(12)C ratios and no secondary fractionation during grain-filling. The role of additional peduncle carbohydrate reserves represents a potential means for N remobilization, as well as for hydraulic continuity during grain-filling. The natural abundance of the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen are also useful for exploring the influence of reproduction on whole plant carbon and water relations and have been used to examine the resource costs of reproduction in females and males of dioecious plants. Photosynthesis in reproductive structures is widespread among oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, including many clades of algae and embryophytes of different levels of complexity. The possible evolutionary benefits of photosynthesis in reproductive structures include decreasing the carbon cost of reproduction and 'use' of transpiratory loss of water to deliver phloem-immobile calcium Ca(2+) and silicon [Si(OH)4] via the xylem. The possible costs of photosynthesis in reproductive structures are increasing damage to DNA from photosynthetically active, and hence UV-B, radiation and the production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK , and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, M048, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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Peuke AD, Gessler A, Trumbore S, Windt CW, Homan N, Gerkema E, VAN As H. Phloem flow and sugar transport in Ricinus communis L. is inhibited under anoxic conditions of shoot or roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:433-47. [PMID: 24995994 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anoxic conditions should hamper the transport of sugar in the phloem, as this is an active process. The canopy is a carbohydrate source and the roots are carbohydrate sinks. By fumigating the shoot with N2 or flooding the rhizosphere, anoxic conditions in the source or sink, respectively, were induced. Volume flow, velocity, conducting area and stationary water of the phloem were assessed by non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) flowmetry. Carbohydrates and δ(13) C in leaves, roots and phloem saps were determined. Following flooding, volume flow and conducting area of the phloem declined and sugar concentrations in leaves and in phloem saps slightly increased. Oligosaccharides appeared in phloem saps and after 3 d, carbon transport was reduced to 77%. Additionally, the xylem flow declined and showed finally no daily rhythm. Anoxia of the shoot resulted within minutes in a reduction of volume flow, conductive area and sucrose in the phloem sap decreased. Sugar transport dropped to below 40% by the end of the N2 treatment. However, volume flow and phloem sap sugar tended to recover during the N2 treatment. Both anoxia treatments hampered sugar transport. The flow velocity remained about constant, although phloem sap sugar concentration changed during treatments. Apparently, stored starch was remobilized under anoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Peuke
- ADP International Plant Science Consulting, Talstraße 8, Gundelfingen, D-79194, Germany; Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) e.V., Eberswalderstr. 84, Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
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Zhou Y, Stuart-Williams H, Grice K, Kayler ZE, Zavadlav S, Vogts A, Rommerskirchen F, Farquhar GD, Gessler A. Allocate carbon for a reason: priorities are reflected in the ¹³C/¹²C ratios of plant lipids synthesized via three independent biosynthetic pathways. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 111:14-20. [PMID: 25576502 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It has long been theorized that carbon allocation, in addition to the carbon source and to kinetic isotopic effects associated with a particular lipid biosynthetic pathway, plays an important role in shaping the carbon isotopic composition ((13)C/(12)C) of lipids (Park and Epstein, 1961). If the latter two factors are properly constrained, valuable information about carbon allocation during lipid biosynthesis can be obtained from carbon isotope measurements. Published work of Chikaraishi et al. (2004) showed that leaf lipids isotopic shifts from bulk leaf tissue Δδ(13)C(bk-lp) (defined as δ(13)C(bulkleaftissue)-δ(13)C(lipid)) are pathway dependent: the acetogenic (ACT) pathway synthesizing fatty lipids has the largest isotopic shift, the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway synthesizing sterols the lowest and the phytol synthesizing 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) pathway gives intermediate values. The differences in Δδ(13)C(bk-lp) between C3 and C4 plants Δδ(13)C(bk-lp,C4-C3) are also pathway-dependent: Δδ(13)C(ACT)(bk-lp,C4-C3) > Δδ(13)C(DXP(bk-lp,C4-C3) > Δδ(13)C(MVA)(bk-lp,C4-C3). These pathway-dependent differences have been interpreted as resulting from kinetic isotopic effect differences of key but unspecified biochemical reactions involved in lipids biosynthesis between C3 and C4 plants. After quantitatively considering isotopic shifts caused by (dark) respiration, export-of-carbon (to sink tissues) and photorespiration, we propose that the pathway-specific differences Δδ(13)C(bk-lp,C4-C3) can be successfully explained by C4-C3 carbon allocation (flux) differences with greatest flux into the ACT pathway and lowest into the MVA pathways (when flux is higher, isotopic shift relative to source is smaller). Highest carbon allocation to the ACT pathway appears to be tied to the most stringent role of water-loss-minimization by leaf waxes (composed mainly of fatty lipids) while the lowest carbon allocation to the MVA pathway can be largely explained by the fact that sterols act as regulatory hormones and membrane fluidity modulators in rather low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youping Zhou
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, ZALF, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; SKLLQG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology & Inland Fisheries, Germany.
| | | | - Kliti Grice
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | | | | | - Angela Vogts
- Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Arthur Gessler
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, ZALF, Germany; Swiss Federal Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Verlinden MS, Fichot R, Broeckx LS, Vanholme B, Boerjan W, Ceulemans R. Carbon isotope compositions (δ(13) C) of leaf, wood and holocellulose differ among genotypes of poplar and between previous land uses in a short-rotation biomass plantation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:144-156. [PMID: 24906162 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of water use to produce biomass is a key trait in designing sustainable bioenergy-devoted systems. We characterized variations in the carbon isotope composition (δ(13) C) of leaves, current year wood and holocellulose (as proxies for water use efficiency, WUE) among six poplar genotypes in a short-rotation plantation. Values of δ(13) Cwood and δ(13) Cholocellulose were tightly and positively correlated, but the offset varied significantly among genotypes (0.79-1.01‰). Leaf phenology was strongly correlated with δ(13) C, and genotypes with a longer growing season showed a higher WUE. In contrast, traits related to growth and carbon uptake were poorly linked to δ(13) C. Trees growing on former pasture with higher N-availability displayed higher δ(13) C as compared with trees growing on former cropland. The positive relationships between δ(13) Cleaf and leaf N suggested that spatial variations in WUE over the plantation were mainly driven by an N-related effect on photosynthetic capacities. The very coherent genotype ranking obtained with δ(13) C in the different tree compartments has some practical outreach. Because WUE remains largely uncoupled from growth in poplar plantations, there is potential to identify genotypes with satisfactory growth and higher WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Verlinden
- Department of Biology, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium
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Cano FJ, López R, Warren CR. Implications of the mesophyll conductance to CO2 for photosynthesis and water-use efficiency during long-term water stress and recovery in two contrasting Eucalyptus species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2470-90. [PMID: 24635724 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Water stress (WS) slows growth and photosynthesis (A(n)), but most knowledge comes from short-time studies that do not account for longer term acclimation processes that are especially relevant in tree species. Using two Eucalyptus species that contrast in drought tolerance, we induced moderate and severe water deficits by withholding water until stomatal conductance (g(sw)) decreased to two pre-defined values for 24 d, WS was maintained at the target g(sw) for 29 d and then plants were re-watered. Additionally, we developed new equations to simulate the effect on mesophyll conductance (g(m)) of accounting for the resistance to refixation of CO(2). The diffusive limitations to CO(2), dominated by the stomata, were the most important constraints to A(n). Full recovery of A(n) was reached after re-watering, characterized by quick recovery of gm and even higher biochemical capacity, in contrast to the slower recovery of g(sw). The acclimation to long-term WS led to decreased mesophyll and biochemical limitations, in contrast to studies in which stress was imposed more rapidly. Finally, we provide evidence that higher gm under WS contributes to higher intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and reduces the leaf oxidative stress, highlighting the importance of gm as a target for breeding/genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Cano
- Unidad Docente de Anatomía, Fisiología y Genética Forestal, E.T.S.I. Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Salmon Y, Barnard RL, Buchmann N. Physiological controls of the isotopic time lag between leaf assimilation and soil CO 2 efflux. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:850-859. [PMID: 32481039 DOI: 10.1071/fp13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors and physiological controls on photosynthesis influence the carbon isotopic signature of ecosystem respiration. Many ecosystem studies have used stable carbon isotopes to investigate environmental controls on plant carbon transfer from above- to belowground. However, a clear understanding of the internal mechanisms underlying time-lagged responses of carbon isotopic signatures in ecosystem respiration to environmental changes is still lacking. This study addressed plant physiological controls on the transfer time of recently assimilated carbon from assimilation to respiration. We produced a set of six wheat plants with varying physiological characteristics, by growing them under a wide range of nitrogen supply and soil water content levels under standardised conditions. The plants were pulse-labelled with 13C-CO2, and the isotopic signature of CO2 respired in the dark by plants and soil was monitored continuously over two days. Stomatal conductance (gs) was strongly related to the rate of transfer of recently assimilated carbon belowground. The higher gs, the faster newly assimilated carbon was allocated belowground and the faster it was respired in the soil. Our results suggest that carbon sink strength of plant tissues may be a major driver of transfer velocity of recently assimilated carbon to plant respiratory tissues and soil respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Salmon
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romain L Barnard
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Gessler A, Ferrio JP, Hommel R, Treydte K, Werner RA, Monson RK. Stable isotopes in tree rings: towards a mechanistic understanding of isotope fractionation and mixing processes from the leaves to the wood. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:796-818. [PMID: 24907466 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic understanding of isotope fractionation processes is increasing but we still lack detailed knowledge of the processes that determine the isotopic composition of the tree-ring archive over the long term. Especially with regard to the path from leaf photosynthate production to wood formation, post-assimilation fractionations/processes might cause at least a partial decoupling between the leaf isotope signals that record processes such as stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis, and the wood or cellulose signals that are stored in the paleophysiological record. In this review, we start from the rather well understood processes at the leaf level such as photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation, leaf water evaporative isotope enrichment and the issue of the isotopic composition of inorganic sources (CO2 and H2O), though we focus on the less explored 'downstream' processes related to metabolism and transport. We further summarize the roles of cellulose and lignin as important chemical constituents of wood, and the processes that determine the transfer of photosynthate (sucrose) and associated isotopic signals to wood production. We cover the broad topics of post-carboxylation carbon isotope fractionation and of the exchange of organic oxygen with water within the tree. In two case studies, we assess the transfer of carbon and oxygen isotopic signals from leaves to tree rings. Finally we address the issue of different temporal scales and link isotope fractionation at the shorter time scale for processes in the leaf to the isotopic ratio as recorded across longer time scales of the tree-ring archive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gessler
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Department of Crop and Forest Science-AGROTECNIO Center, University of Lleida, Avda Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Robert Hommel
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Treydte
- Research Unit Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Russell K Monson
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment and Laboratory for Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Crowley BE, Rasoazanabary E, Godfrey LR. Stable isotopes complement focal individual observations and confirm dietary variability in reddish-gray mouse lemurs (Microcebusgriseorufus) from southwestern Madagascar. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 155:77-90. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E. Crowley
- Department of Geology; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH 45221
- Department of Anthropology; University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati OH 45221
| | | | - Laurie R. Godfrey
- Department of Anthropology; University of Massachusetts; Amherst MA 01003
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Treydte K, Boda S, Graf Pannatier E, Fonti P, Frank D, Ullrich B, Saurer M, Siegwolf R, Battipaglia G, Werner W, Gessler A. Seasonal transfer of oxygen isotopes from precipitation and soil to the tree ring: source water versus needle water enrichment. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:772-783. [PMID: 24602089 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For accurate interpretation of oxygen isotopes in tree rings (δ(18) O), it is necessary to disentangle the mechanisms underlying the variations in the tree's internal water cycle and to understand the transfer of source versus leaf water δ(18) O to phloem sugars and stem wood. We studied the seasonal transfer of oxygen isotopes from precipitation and soil water through the xylem, needles and phloem to the tree rings of Larix decidua at two alpine sites in the Lötschental (Switzerland). Weekly resolved δ(18) O records of precipitation, soil water, xylem and needle water, phloem organic matter and tree rings were developed. Week-to-week variations in needle-water (18) O enrichment were strongly controlled by weather conditions during the growing season. These short-term variations were, however, not significantly fingerprinted in tree-ring δ(18) O. Instead, seasonal trends in tree-ring δ(18) O predominantly mirrored trends in the source water, including recent precipitation and soil water pools. Modelling results support these findings: seasonal tree-ring δ(18) O variations are captured best when the week-to-week variations of the leaf water signal are suppressed. Our results suggest that climate signals in tree-ring δ(18) O variations should be strongest at temperate sites with humid conditions and precipitation maxima during the growing season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Treydte
- Research Unit Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Boda
- Research Unit Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Chair of Geobotany, University of Trier, D-54286, Trier, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Graf Pannatier
- Research Unit Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fonti
- Research Unit Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - David Frank
- Research Unit Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Ullrich
- Research Unit Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Siegwolf
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Battipaglia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, I-81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Willy Werner
- Chair of Geobotany, University of Trier, D-54286, Trier, Germany
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Eberswalderstr. 84, D-15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Research Programme Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Ghashghaie J, Badeck FW. Opposite carbon isotope discrimination during dark respiration in leaves versus roots - a review. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:751-769. [PMID: 24251924 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In general, leaves are (13) C-depleted compared with all other organs (e.g. roots, stem/trunk and fruits). Different hypotheses are formulated in the literature to explain this difference. One of these states that CO2 respired by leaves in the dark is (13) C-enriched compared with leaf organic matter, while it is (13) C-depleted in the case of root respiration. The opposite respiratory fractionation between leaves and roots was invoked as an explanation for the widespread between-organ isotopic differences. After summarizing the basics of photosynthetic and post-photosynthetic discrimination, we mainly review the recent findings on the isotopic composition of CO2 respired by leaves (autotrophic organs) and roots (heterotrophic organs) compared with respective plant material (i.e. apparent respiratory fractionation) as well as its metabolic origin. The potential impact of such fractionation on the isotopic signal of organic matter (OM) is discussed. Some perspectives for future studies are also proposed .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Ghashghaie
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution (ESE), CNRS UMR8079, Bâtiment 362, Université de Paris-Sud (XI), F-91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Franz W Badeck
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Genomics research centre (CRA - GPG), Via San Protaso, 302, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), PF 60 12 03, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
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Braun A, Schneider S, Auerswald K, Bellof G, Schnyder H. Forward modeling of fluctuating dietary 13C signals to validate 13C turnover models of milk and milk components from a diet-switch experiment. PLoS One 2014; 8:e85235. [PMID: 24392000 PMCID: PMC3877384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Isotopic variation of food stuffs propagates through trophic systems. But, this variation is dampened in each trophic step, due to buffering effects of metabolic and storage pools. Thus, understanding of isotopic variation in trophic systems requires knowledge of isotopic turnover. In animals, turnover is usually quantified in diet-switch experiments in controlled conditions. Such experiments usually involve changes in diet chemical composition, which may affect turnover. Furthermore, it is uncertain if diet-switch based turnover models are applicable under conditions with randomly fluctuating dietary input signals. Here, we investigate if turnover information derived from diet-switch experiments with dairy cows can predict the isotopic composition of metabolic products (milk, milk components and feces) under natural fluctuations of dietary isotope and chemical composition. First, a diet-switch from a C3-grass/maize diet to a pure C3-grass diet was used to quantify carbon turnover in whole milk, lactose, casein, milk fat and feces. Data were analyzed with a compartmental mixed effects model, which allowed for multiple pools and intra-population variability, and included a delay between feed ingestion and first tracer appearance in outputs. The delay for milk components and whole milk was ∼12 h, and that of feces ∼20 h. The half-life (t½) for carbon in the feces was 9 h, while lactose, casein and milk fat had a t½ of 10, 18 and 19 h. The 13C kinetics of whole milk revealed two pools, a fast pool with a t½ of 10 h (likely representing lactose), and a slower pool with a t½ of 21 h (likely including casein and milk fat). The diet-switch based turnover information provided a precise prediction (RMSE ∼0.2 ‰) of the natural 13C fluctuations in outputs during a 30 days-long period when cows ingested a pure C3 grass with naturally fluctuating isotope composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Braun
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Department of Plant Science, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Stephan Schneider
- Fachgebiet Tierernährung, Fakultät Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft, Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Freising, Germany
| | - Karl Auerswald
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Department of Plant Science, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Gerhard Bellof
- Fachgebiet Tierernährung, Fakultät Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft, Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Department of Plant Science, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Wei L, Marshall JD, Link TE, Kavanagh KL, DU E, Pangle RE, Gag PJ, Ubierna N. Constraining 3-PG with a new δ13C submodel: a test using the δ13C of tree rings. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:82-100. [PMID: 23663114 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A semi-mechanistic forest growth model, 3-PG (Physiological Principles Predicting Growth), was extended to calculate δ(13)C in tree rings. The δ(13)C estimates were based on the model's existing description of carbon assimilation and canopy conductance. The model was tested in two ~80-year-old natural stands of Abies grandis (grand fir) in northern Idaho. We used as many independent measurements as possible to parameterize the model. Measured parameters included quantum yield, specific leaf area, soil water content and litterfall rate. Predictions were compared with measurements of transpiration by sap flux, stem biomass, tree diameter growth, leaf area index and δ(13)C. Sensitivity analysis showed that the model's predictions of δ(13)C were sensitive to key parameters controlling carbon assimilation and canopy conductance, which would have allowed it to fail had the model been parameterized or programmed incorrectly. Instead, the simulated δ(13)C of tree rings was no different from measurements (P > 0.05). The δ(13)C submodel provides a convenient means of constraining parameter space and avoiding model artefacts. This δ(13)C test may be applied to any forest growth model that includes realistic simulations of carbon assimilation and transpiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wei
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-1133, USA
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Peuke AD, Gessler A, Tcherkez G. Experimental evidence for diel δ15N-patterns in different tissues, xylem and phloem saps of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:2219-28. [PMID: 23663089 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen isotope signatures in plants might give insights in the metabolism and allocation of nitrogen. To obtain a deeper understanding of the modifications of the nitrogen isotope signatures, we determined δ(15)N in transport saps and in different fractions of leaves, axes and roots during a diel course along the plant axis. The most significant diel variations were observed in xylem and phloem saps where δ(15)N was significantly higher during the day compared with during the night. However in xylem saps, this was observed only in the canopy, but not at the hypocotyl positions. In the canopy, δ(15)N was correlated fairly well between phloem and xylem saps. These variations in δ(15)N in transport saps can be attributed to nitrate reduction in leaves during the photoperiod as well as to (15)N-enriched glutamine acting as transport form of N. δ(15)N of the water soluble fraction of roots and leaves partially affected δ(15)N of phloem and xylems saps. δ(15)N patterns are likely the result of a complex set of interactions and N-fluxes between plant organs. Furthermore, the natural nitrogen isotope abundance in plant tissue is not constant during the diel course - a fact that needs to be taken into account when sampling for isotopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Peuke
- ADP International Plant Science Consulting, Talstraße 8, 79194, Gundelfingen, Germany; Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.V, Eberswalder Strasse. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
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Fox MD. Resource translocation drives δ(13) C fractionation during recovery from disturbance in giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2013; 49:811-815. [PMID: 27007306 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Resource allocation and translocation are fundamental physiological functions for autotrophs. The mobilization and use of resources drive population dynamics by regulating growth and recovery of individuals, but also influences ecosystem-level processes such as primary productivity and carbon cycling. This study provides the first observation of translocation-driven gradients of δ(13) C in macroalgae, a critically important phenomenon recognized in vascular plants for decades. A ~10‰ δ(13) C increase in new giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) fronds relative to mature canopy blades was produced after 5 weeks following a biomass removal experiment, more than twice the variation typical for macroalgae. The observed δ(13) C patterns are consistent with tissue enrichment following resource translocation in vascular plants. The analogous source-sink relationships and consistent translocation patterns in Macrocystis and vascular plants suggest that translocation of stored resources is critical for structuring productivity and recovery from disturbance in important, habitat-forming macroalgae such as kelps and fucoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Fox
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, California, 95039, USA.
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King DC, Schubert BA, Jahren AH. Practical considerations for the use of pollen δ13C value as a paleoclimate indicator. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:2165-2172. [PMID: 22886813 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Workers have shown a correlation between temperature and the pollen δ(13)C value, and therefore suggested using pollen δ(13)C values to reconstruct paleotemperature. To evaluate the potential for pollen δ(13)C values to be used as a paleotemperature proxy, it is essential to quantify the variability in pollen δ(13)C values and to evaluate the effect of temperature on pollen δ(13)C values, in isolation, under controlled environmental conditions. METHODS Pollen was isolated from 146 Hibiscus flowers from 26 plants within a single climate environment to evaluate isotopic variability in pollen δ(13)C values. The nearest leaf (n = 82) and flower phloem (n = 30) were also sampled to measure the δ(13)C variability in carbon providing the raw material for new growth. To evaluate the correlation between temperature and pollen δ(13)C values, we isolated pollen from 89 Brassica rapa plants grown in controlled growth chambers with temperatures ranging from 17 to 32°C. RESULTS The range in pollen δ(13)C values collected from different flowers on the same Hibiscus plant was large (average = 1.6‰), and could be as much as 3.2‰. This amount of variability was similar to that seen between flower-adjacent leaves, and phloem extracted from styles of individual flowers. In controlled growth chamber experiments, we saw no correlation between temperature and the pollen (R(2) = 0.005) or leaf (R(2) = 0.10) δ(13)C values. CONCLUSIONS We measured large variability in pollen δ(13)C values. When temperature was isolated from other environmental parameters, temperature did not correlate with the pollen δ(13)C value. These results complicate the supposed relationship between temperature and pollen δ(13)C values and caution against using nanogram isotope analytical techniques for characterizing whole-plant individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Caleb King
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Dubbert M, Rascher KG, Werner C. Species-specific differences in temporal and spatial variation in δ(13)C of plant carbon pools and dark-respired CO (2) under changing environmental conditions. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2012; 113:297-309. [PMID: 22618996 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-012-9748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stable carbon isotope signatures are often used as tracers for environmentally driven changes in photosynthetic δ(13)C discrimination. However, carbon isotope signatures downstream from carboxylation by Rubisco are altered within metabolic pathways, transport and respiratory processes, leading to differences in δ(13)C between carbon pools along the plant axis and in respired CO(2). Little is known about the within-plant variation in δ(13)C under different environmental conditions or between species. We analyzed spatial, diurnal, and environmental variations in δ(13)C of water soluble organic matter (δ(13)C(WSOM)) of leaves, phloem and roots, as well as dark-respired δ(13)CO(2) (δ(13)C(res)) in leaves and roots. We selected distinct light environments (forest understory and an open area), seasons (Mediterranean spring and summer drought) and three functionally distinct understory species (two native shrubs-Halimium halimifolium and Rosmarinus officinalis-and a woody invader-Acacia longifolia). Spatial patterns in δ(13)C(WSOM) along the plant vertical axis and between respired δ(13)CO(2) and its putative substrate were clearly species specific and the most δ(13)C-enriched and depleted values were found in δ(13)C of leaf dark-respired CO(2) and phloem sugars, ~-15 and ~-33 ‰, respectively. Comparisons between study sites and seasons revealed that spatial and diurnal patterns were influenced by environmental conditions. Within a species, phloem δ(13)C(WSOM) and δ(13)C(res) varied by up to 4 ‰ between seasons and sites. Thus, careful characterization of the magnitude and environmental dependence of apparent post-carboxylation fractionation is needed when using δ(13)C signatures to trace changes in photosynthetic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Dubbert
- Experimental and System Ecology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Bögelein R, Hassdenteufel M, Thomas FM, Werner W. Comparison of leaf gas exchange and stable isotope signature of water-soluble compounds along canopy gradients of co-occurring Douglas-fir and European beech. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1245-1257. [PMID: 22292498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Combined δ(13) C and δ(18) O analyses of water-soluble leaf and twig phloem material were used to determine intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and variability of stomatal conductance at different crown positions in adult European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees. Simultaneous gas exchange measurements allowed evaluation of the differences in calculating iWUE from leaf or phloem water-soluble compounds, and comparison with a semi-quantitative dual isotope model to infer variability of net photosynthesis (A(n) ) between the investigated crown positions. Estimates of iWUE from δ(13) C of leaf water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) outperformed the estimates from phloem compounds. In the beech crown, δ(13) C of leaf WSOM coincided clearly with gas exchange measurements. The relationship was not as reliable in the Douglas-fir. The differences in δ(18) O between leaf and phloem material were found to correlate with stomatal conductance. The semi-quantitative model approach was applicable for comparisons of daily average A(n) between different crown positions and trees. Intracanopy gradients were more pronounced in the beech than in the Douglas-fir, which reached higher values of iWUE at the respective positions, particularly under dry air conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Bögelein
- Department of Geobotany, University of Trier, Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany.
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Farquhar GD, Cernusak LA. Ternary effects on the gas exchange of isotopologues of carbon dioxide. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1221-31. [PMID: 22292425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ternary effects of transpiration rate on the rate of assimilation of carbon dioxide through stomata, and on the calculation of the intercellular concentration of carbon dioxide, are now included in standard gas exchange studies. However, the equations for carbon isotope discrimination and for the exchange of oxygen isotopologues of carbon dioxide ignore ternary effects. Here we introduce equations to take them into account. The ternary effect is greatest when the leaf-to-air vapour mole fraction difference is greatest, and its impact is greatest on parameters derived by difference, such as the mesophyll resistance to CO(2) assimilation, r(m) . We show that the mesophyll resistance to CO(2) assimilation has been underestimated in the past. The impact is also large when there is a large difference in isotopic composition between the CO(2) inside the leaf and that in the air. We show that this partially reconciles estimates of the oxygen isotopic composition of CO(2) in the chloroplast and mitochondria in the light and in the dark, with values close to equilibrium with the estimated oxygen isotopic composition of water at the sites of evaporation within the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Voronin V, Ivlev AA, Oskolkov V, Boettger T. Intra-seasonal dynamics in metabolic processes of 13C/12C and 18O/16O in components of Scots pine twigs from southern Siberia interpreted with a conceptual framework based on the Carbon Metabolism Oscillatory Model. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:76. [PMID: 22646756 PMCID: PMC3432013 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon isotope data from conifer trees play an important role in research on the boreal forest carbon reservoir in the global carbon cycle. Carbon isotopes are routinely used to study interactions between the environment and tree growth. Moreover, carbon isotopes became an essential tool for the evaluation of carbon assimilation and transport from needles into reserve pools, as well as the allocation of stored assimilates within a tree. The successful application and interpretation of carbon isotopes rely on the coherence of isotopic fractionation modeling. This study employs a new Carbon Metabolism Oscillatory Model (CMOM) to interpret the experimental data sets on metabolic seasonal dynamics of 13C/12 C and 18O/16O ratios measured in twig components of Scots pine growing in southern Siberia (Russia). RESULTS The dynamics of carbon isotopic variables were studied in components of Pinus sylvestris L. in light and in dark chambers during the vegetation period from 14 June to 28 July 2006. At the beginning of this period water-soluble organic matter, mostly labile sugars (including sucrose as the main component) and newly formed bulk needle material, displayed relatively "light" δ13C values (depletion in 13 C). Then, 13 C content increased again with noticeable "depletion" events in the middle of the growth period. A gradual 13 C accumulation took place in the second half of the vegetation period. Similar effects were observed both in the light and in the dark with some temporal shifts. Environmental factors did not influence the δ13C values. A gradual 12C-depletion effect was noticed in needles of the previous year. The δ13C values of sucrose and proteins from needle biomass altered independently from each other in the light chamber. A distinct negative correlation between δ13C and δ18O values was revealed for all studied variables. CONCLUSIONS The abrupt 13C depletion recorded by all tested trees for the period from June to July provides clear evidence of the transition from the dominant role of reserve carbohydrate pool (RCP) during the first half of the growth season to the preferable current year carbohydrate pool (CCP) consumption by new needles during its second half. The investigation of the isotopic signatures of Pinus sylvestris L. emphasizes the pivotal role of the intra-seasonal dynamics in carbon metabolism through the transport of assimilates from autotrophic (needles) to heterotrophic (twigs) organs of the studied trees. This provides an explanation for changes of carbon isotopic values observed within the growth season. The CMOM-based results support the hypothesis of the integration of three carbohydrate pools by photosynthesizing cells. The fluctuations of the carbon isotope ratios in different carbohydrate pools underlie various physiological processes in the tree metabolism. The possible mechanisms and pathways of formation of these carbohydrate pools are further discussed. Hence, CMOM provides a reasonable explanation for the absence of the impact of environmental conditions on the needle isotopic variables, the 12C-depletion effects and the use of RCP in needles. The model explains the negative connections between δ13C and δ18O values in all studied variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Voronin
- Department of Bioindication, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov Street, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Alexander A Ivlev
- Department of Soil, Agrochemistry & Ecology, State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya Street 49, 127550, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Oskolkov
- Department of Bioindication, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov Street, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Tatjana Boettger
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Mortazavi B, Conte MH, Chanton JP, Weber JC, Martin TA, Cropper WP. Variability in the carbon isotopic composition of foliage carbon pools (soluble carbohydrates, waxes) and respiration fluxes in southeastern U.S. pine forests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jg001867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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