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Makoni GM, Gerspach C, Fischer N, Rosato G, Fabian R, Grest P, Kipar A. Malignant catarrhal fever in a goat: manifestation of virus-induced erythema multiforme. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:243-247. [PMID: 38212885 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231224906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV2; Orthoherpesviridae, Macavirus ovinegamma2), has sheep as natural hosts. OvHV2 is an important macavirus globally that induces fatal disease in dead-end hosts. Goats, which can be infected subclinically with OvHV2, rarely develop MCF. A 28-wk-old female goat was presented with fever and multifocal crusty skin lesions. Histologic examination of a skin biopsy suggested erythema multiforme (EM), with pyoderma and dermal vasculitis. The doe was euthanized and subjected to postmortem and histologic examination. MCF was suspected and PCR assays for macaviruses were performed, followed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for OvHV2 latency-associated nuclear antigen (oLANA), RNA in situ hybridization for Ov2.5 mRNA, and IHC to characterize infiltrating leukocytes. The main postmortem finding was severe multifocal ulcerative dermatitis with macrophage- and T cell-mediated arteritis. The latter was also detected in kidney, spleen, heart, and intestinal wall. The PCR assay detected high loads of OvHV2 in tissues. OvHV2 oLANA and Ov2.5 mRNA were expressed within the lesions in leukocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and/or keratinocytes. Our case confirms that MCF can initially manifest clinically as a skin disease in goats and as EM with confirmed viral etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Makanaka Makoni
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Gerspach
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Fischer
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giuliana Rosato
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rosalie Fabian
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paula Grest
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. (Makoni, Rosato, Fabian, Grest, Kipar)
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Pugh DG. Trace Minerals Nutrition in Goats. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2023; 39:535-543. [PMID: 37419831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is an overview of trace mineral nutrition, disease association with dietary inadequacy of trace minerals, and the associated diseases in goats. The trace minerals most commonly associated with deficiency-related diseases encountered in clinical veterinary medicine, Copper, Zinc, and Selenium, are discussed in greater detail than those less commonly associated with diseases. However, Cobalt, Iron, and Iodine are also discussed. The signs of deficiency-associated diseases, along with diagnostic evaluation to confirm such diseases, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Pugh
- SouthernTraxx Veterinary Services, PO Box 26, Waverly, AL 36879, USA.
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Abror As Sidiqi A, Sarmin, Mona Airin C, Astuti P. The Effect of Zinc, Shell, and Fishbone Supplementations on Comb Width and Length of Bangkok Rooster. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224901003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bangkok rooster is a prestigious ornamental bird in Indonesia. Zinc and shell have an aromatase blocker effect that results in testosterone elevations. Additionally, fishbone contains rich protein for optimum biological functions. Serum testosterone regulates comb size in the chicken. This study aimed to investigate the effect of natural aromatase blockers and protein in the comb of Bangkok roosters. This experiment divided thirteen Bangkok roosters into control and treatment groups with zinc, fishbone-shell, and fishbone supplementations. The weekly comb lengthening and widening were intervals between week 0 and the measurement week in this study. The results suggested that fishbone and fishbone-shell supplementations escalated the comb lengthening. Fishbone–shell treatment significantly increased the comb lengthening in the second and fourth weeks (p < 0.05). The significant elongation change in the fishbone group only appeared in the second week (p < 0.05). Otherwise, the treatments produced lower comb widening in the roosters. Fishbone and fishbone-shell supplementation significantly caused a lower widening in every measurement week (p < 0.05). This study uncovered the effects of zinc, shell, and fishbone supplementations on reproductive phenotype in Bangkok roosters.
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Sampaio RAG, Riet-Correa F, Barbosa FMS, de Gois DD, Lima RC, da Silva IG, da Silva VM, Oliveira AM, Simões SVD, Lucena RB. Diffuse Alopecia and Thyroid Atrophy in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123530. [PMID: 34944304 PMCID: PMC8698121 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid dysfunction substantially affects quality of life, causing disturbances in different organs. A low intake of selenium and zinc can predispose to thyroid changes, resulting in hypothyroidism. A deficiency of selenium and zinc causes thyroid dysfunction and skin lesions. This paper describes natural cases of diffuse alopecia and thyroid abnormalities in sheep with selenium and zinc deficiency. The sheep had severe alopecia, and the thyroid hormones serum concentrations were below the reference values for the species. Zinc and Se concentrations were low in the serum and liver, and the thyroid gland was smaller than normal size. The present study is important as it is the first study examining zinc and Se deficiencies causing hypothyroidism in sheep. Furthermore, thyroid disorders affect the quality of life of humans and animals, and are associated with many organ-specific and non-organ-specific disorders. Abstract Thyroid dysfunction substantially affects the quality of life due to its association with various disorders in different organs. A low intake of selenium and zinc can predispose to thyroid alterations, resulting in hypothyroidism. A deficiency of selenium and zinc causes direct and indirect skin lesions, both by the action of free radicals on the skin and by thyroid dysfunction. The aim of this study was to describe natural cases of diffuse alopecia and thyroid abnormalities in sheep with selenium and zinc deficiency. Five adult sheep presented marked and diffuse alopecia, and the residual hairs were dry and brittle. The skin was thick and crusty, with marked peeling. The triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) serum concentrations were below reference values for the species. Zinc and Se concentrations were low in both the serum and liver. During necropsy, cachexia associated with serous fat atrophy was observed, and the thyroid glands showed marked atrophy. Microscopically, the thyroid presented multifocal to coalescent atrophy, with atrophied and dilated follicles, macrophage infiltration, and the presence of fibrous connective tissue. The skin revealed hyperkeratosis and edema. It is concluded that thyroid atrophy, alopecia, and hyperkeratosis are associated with low serum and liver concentrations of zinc and selenium in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubia Avlade Guedes Sampaio
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.A.G.S.); (F.R.-C.); (F.M.S.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.V.D.S.)
| | - Franklin Riet-Correa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.A.G.S.); (F.R.-C.); (F.M.S.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.V.D.S.)
- Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BA, Brazil
| | - Francisca Maria Sousa Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.A.G.S.); (F.R.-C.); (F.M.S.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.V.D.S.)
| | - Daniela Dantas de Gois
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (D.D.d.G.); (R.C.L.); (I.G.d.S.); (V.M.d.S.)
| | - Raquel Costa Lima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (D.D.d.G.); (R.C.L.); (I.G.d.S.); (V.M.d.S.)
| | - Iara Geovana da Silva
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (D.D.d.G.); (R.C.L.); (I.G.d.S.); (V.M.d.S.)
| | - Vitória Maria da Silva
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (D.D.d.G.); (R.C.L.); (I.G.d.S.); (V.M.d.S.)
| | - Alexandra Melo Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.A.G.S.); (F.R.-C.); (F.M.S.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.V.D.S.)
| | - Sara Vilar Dantas Simões
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.A.G.S.); (F.R.-C.); (F.M.S.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.V.D.S.)
| | - Ricardo Barbosa Lucena
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (R.A.G.S.); (F.R.-C.); (F.M.S.B.); (A.M.O.); (S.V.D.S.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, PB, Brazil; (D.D.d.G.); (R.C.L.); (I.G.d.S.); (V.M.d.S.)
- Correspondence: or
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Lee FF, Bradley CW, Cain CL, White SD, Outerbridge CA, Murphy LA, Mauldin EA. Localized parakeratotic hyperkeratosis in sixteen Boston terrier dogs. Vet Dermatol 2017; 27:384-e96. [PMID: 27620706 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although zinc responsive dermatosis is typically a disorder of Arctic breed dogs, this study identifies similar cutaneous lesions on the face and pressure points of Boston terrier dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To document the clinical and histological features of localized parakeratotic hyperkeratosis of Boston terrier dogs, to determine if the lesions respond to zinc supplementation and to determine whether tissue zinc levels were decreased in affected versus unaffected dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen Boston terrier dogs with similar gross and histological findings were identified retrospectively from two institutions. Follow-up information for nine dogs from one institution was obtained from referring veterinarians using a questionnaire. Tissue zinc levels were measured from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin biopsy samples of affected and unaffected dogs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Mild to severe parakeratotic hyperkeratosis with follicular involvement was present in all 16 cases. Of the nine dogs for which follow-up information was available, five dogs received oral zinc supplementation and four dogs had documented clinical improvement or resolution of dermatological lesions. The median skin zinc levels were not significantly different between affected and unaffected dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first report of localized parakeratotic hyperkeratosis in Boston terrier dogs, some of which improved with oral zinc supplementation. Prospective studies in Boston terrier dogs are warranted to document potential zinc deficiency (serum and/or tissue levels, pre- and post-treatment) and to objectively assess response to zinc supplementation and other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona F Lee
- Department of Clinical Studies, Section of Dermatology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Charles W Bradley
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christine L Cain
- Department of Clinical Studies, Section of Dermatology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Stephen D White
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Catherine A Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Garrod Dr, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lisa A Murphy
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Mauldin
- Department of Clinical Studies, Section of Dermatology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Lambacher B, Schoiswohl J, Brunthaler R, Wittek T, Krametter-Frötscher R. Successful treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in a Berrichon du Cher ram with methylprednisolone acetate. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:499-e117. [PMID: 28378419 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pemphigus foliaceus is a severe, autoimmune blistering skin disease, which is described in humans and some animal species. In small ruminants pemphigus foliaceus has rarely been described and, to the best of the authors' knowledge, little information is available about successful treatment in sheep. AIM This case report describes a Berrichon du Cher ram with the presumed diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus. METHODS The ram was treated with methylprednisolone acetate 40 mg at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg in one subcuticular injection at four week intervals over a one year period, with regular observation of clinical parameters. Four months after treatment was initiated the haematological parameters showed lymphopenia and leukopenia; some enzyme activities were substantially increased. RESULTS The ram's dermatological condition improved to the point of complete healing of the affected skin. The ram was discharged in good condition. No adverse effects, except an elevation of some enzymes associated with liver function, were observed. At postmortem examination moderate fatty liver syndrome was the only abnormality found. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE This case report demonstrated that long term therapy with methylprednisolone acetate in a sheep with pemphigus foliaceus did not have a negative effect on clinical parameters. Nevertheless, due to the extended statutory withdrawal period resulting from the regular administration of glucocorticoids, such a therapeutic option must be critically assessed in food producing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Lambacher
- University Clinic for Ruminants of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Schoiswohl
- University Clinic for Ruminants of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rene Brunthaler
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- University Clinic for Ruminants of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhild Krametter-Frötscher
- University Clinic for Ruminants of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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Ho K, Cobiella D, Walz H, Kennis R, White A. Cutaneous candidiasis infection in two alpacas. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Ho
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnUSA
| | - Danielle Cobiella
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnUSA
| | - Heather Walz
- Department of PathobiologyThompson Bishop Sparks State Diagnostic LabAuburnUSA
| | - Robert Kennis
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnUSA
| | - Amelia White
- Department of Clinical SciencesAuburn College of Veterinary MedicineAuburnUSA
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Liu HY, Sun MH, Yang GQ, Jia CL, Zhang M, Zhu YJ, Zhang Y. Influence of different dietary zinc levels on cashmere growth, plasma testosterone level and zinc status in male Liaoning Cashmere goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 99:880-6. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Y. Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang China
| | - M. H. Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Hebei North University; Zhangjiakou China
| | - G. Q. Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang China
| | - C. L. Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Northwest A & F University; Yangling China
| | - M. Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang China
| | - Y. J. Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang China
| | - Y. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang China
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Kasana S, Din J, Maret W. Genetic causes and gene–nutrient interactions in mammalian zinc deficiencies: acrodermatitis enteropathica and transient neonatal zinc deficiency as examples. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:47-62. [PMID: 25468189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Discovering genetic causes of zinc deficiency has been a remarkable scientific journey. It started with the description of a rare skin disease, its treatment with various agents, the successful therapy with zinc, and the identification of mutations in a zinc transporter causing the disease. The journey continues with defining the molecular and cellular pathways that lead to the symptoms caused by zinc deficiency. Remarkably, at least two zinc transporters from separate protein families are now known to be involved in the genetics of zinc deficiency. One is ZIP4, which is involved in intestinal zinc uptake. Its mutations can cause acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) with autosomal recessive inheritance. The other one is ZnT2, the transporter responsible for supplying human milk with zinc. Mutations in this transporter cause transient neonatal zinc deficiency (TNZD) with symptoms similar to AE but with autosomal dominant inheritance. The two diseases can be distinguished in affected infants. AE is fatal if zinc is not supplied to the infant after weaning, whereas TNZD is a genetic defect of the mother limiting the supply of zinc in the milk, and therefore the infant usually will obtain enough zinc once weaned. Although these diseases are relatively rare, the full functional consequences of the numerous mutations in ZIP4 and ZnT2 and their interactions with dietary zinc are not known. In particular, it remains unexplored whether some mutations cause milder disease phenotypes or increase the risk for other diseases if dietary zinc requirements are not met or exceeded. Thus, it is not known whether widespread zinc deficiency in human populations is based primarily on a nutritional deficiency or determined by genetic factors as well. This consideration becomes even more significant with regard to mutations in the other 22 human zinc transporters, where associations with a range of diseases, including diabetes, heart disease, and mental illnesses have been observed. Therefore, clinical tests for genetic disorders of zinc metabolism need to be developed.
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Mutation in porcine Zip4-like zinc transporter is associated with pancreatic zinc concentration and apparent zinc absorption. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:969-76. [PMID: 23168272 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyse the sequence variability of the porcine Zip4-like Zn transporter gene and the association of identified sequence variants with average daily gain, apparent Zn absorption, plasma Zn concentration and Zn concentration in the liver and pancreas. For the purpose of the study, two different sample sets were used. Set one, which was used for sequencing and association analysis, included mRNA from intestinal tissue from thirty-five piglets of a feeding trial. Sample set two consisted of forty-six samples of genomic DNA from sperm or tissue of wild boars and several pig breeds and was used to genotype animals of different breeds. The sequence analysis of porcine Zip4-like complementary DNA in sample set one revealed the presence of seven nucleotide substitutions. Of these, six were synonymous, whereas a substitution of A with C in exon IX (XM_001925360 c.1430A>C) causes an amino acid exchange from glutamic acid to alanine (p.Glu477Ala). The association analysis revealed no influence of the six synonymous substitutions on Zn values, but the non-synonymous nucleotide exchange significantly increased Zn concentration in the pancreas and apparent Zn absorption of the piglets in week 2 of the feeding trial. The parentage of the piglets and the genotyping results in sample set two suggest a breed-specific presence of the A allele in Piétrain for this amino acid substitution. These results indicate that genotype influences the Zn absorption abilities of individual animals, which should be taken into consideration in animal breeding as well as for the selection of experimental animals.
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Scott DW, Vogel JW, Fleis RI, Miller WH, Smith MC. Skin diseases in the alpaca (Vicugna pacos): a literature review and retrospective analysis of 68 cases (Cornell University 1997-2006). Vet Dermatol 2010; 22:2-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Romanucci M, Bongiovanni L, Russo A, Capuccini S, Mechelli L, Ordeix L, Della Salda L. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of canine zinc-responsive dermatosis. Vet Dermatol 2010; 22:31-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Al-Qudah KM, Gharaibeh AA, Al-Shyyab MM. Trace minerals status and antioxidant enzymes activities in calves with dermatophytosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 136:40-7. [PMID: 19777167 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the levels of trace minerals Zn, Cu, and Se, the effect of dermatophytosis on the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, the status of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, and the relationship between the mentioned trace minerals and antioxidant defense system in calves with dermatophytosis. A total of 21 Holstein calves with clinically established diagnosis of dermatophytosis and an equal number of healthy ones were included in this study. Results showed that 81% of mycotic isolates were Trichophyton verrucosum, while 19% were Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The level of Zn, Cu, Se, and glutathione (GSH) and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (P <or= 0.05) lower. The plasma level of TBARS was significantly (P <or= 0.05) higher in dermatophytic calves compared to healthy controls. SOD activity was fairly correlated with serum Cu and positively correlated with serum Zn in healthy control (r = 0.68, P <or= 0.05; r = 0.58, P <or= 0.05) and in calves affected with dermatophytosis (r = 0.73, P <or= 0.05; r = 0.55, P <or= 0.05), respectively. GSH-Px activity was highly correlated with whole blood selenium (r = 0.78, P <or= 0.05) in healthy control and dermatophytic subjects (r = 0.76, P <or= 0.05). Our results demonstrated that in dermatophytosis, the alteration in the antioxidant enzyme activities might be secondary to changes in their cofactor concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Al-Qudah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
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Schmitt S, Küry S, Giraud M, Dréno B, Kharfi M, Bézieau S. An update on mutations of the SLC39A4 gene in acrodermatitis enteropathica. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:926-33. [PMID: 19370757 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) is a very rare inherited recessive disease caused by severe zinc deficiency. It typically occurs in early infancy and is characterized by periorificial and acral dermatitis, alopecia, and diarrhea. In 2002, both we and others identified the AE SLC39A4 gene located at 8q24.3, and described the first causative mutations for the disease. The SLC39A4 gene encodes a zinc-specific transporter belonging to the Zinc/Iron-regulated transporter-like family, which is highly expressed in the duodenum and jejunum. The SLC39A4 mutations are spread over the entire gene and include many different types of mutations. We report here the identification of five novel variants, including three likely pathogenic mutations. Since the first description, 31 mutations or unclassified variants of SLC39A4 have been reported in this gene. Although most of the patients with AE carry homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations, some of them have either no SLC39A4 mutation or only a monoallelic mutation. Thus, a genotype-phenotype correlation is not easily defined for all AE patients, and the molecular basis of the disease could be more complex than previously described. In cases unexplained by current genetic analyses, the most plausible molecular causes could be a dysregulation of the SLC39A4 gene transcription -- involving either metal response elements (MREs) or a modifier gene -- or the existence of another putative AE gene. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of SLC39A4 mutations, as well as the future prospects to fully unravel the pathogenesis of AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Schmitt
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Pôle de Biologie, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France.
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