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Roccabianca P, Dell'Aere S, Avallone G, Zamboni C, Bertazzolo W, Crippa L, Giudice C, Caniatti M, Affolter VK. Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: Morphological, immunophenotypical and clonality assessment in six cats. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:207-218. [PMID: 37904626 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cutaneous lymphoma represents 0.2%-3% of all feline lymphomas, with nonepitheliotropic lymphomas being the most common. In humans and dogs, subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a primary nonepitheliotropic lymphoma with a T-cell phenotype developing in the subcutis and often mimicking inflammation. OBJECTIVE The aim of this report is to describe pathological, phenotypical and clonal features of SPTCL in cats. ANIMALS Six cats with SPTCL were included in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin biopsies were formalin-fixed, routinely processed and stained. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation for anti-CD18, CD204, CD79a, CD20, CD3, FeLVp27and FeLVgp70 and clonality assessment were performed. RESULTS Four male and two female domestic shorthair cats, mean age 11.2 years, developed SPTCL in the abdominal (three), inguinal (two) and thoracic (one) regions. Variably pleomorphic neoplastic lymphoid cells were present in the panniculus in percentages, expanding the septa (six of six) and extending into fat lobules in one of six cats. Tumours were associated with elevated numbers of neutrophils (five of six), lesser macrophages (six of six) and variable necrosis (six of six). Neoplastic cells expressed CD3+ (six of six), with clonal T-cell receptor rearrangement detected in five of six cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first description of SPTCL in cats. Lesions can be confused with panniculitis, leading to delay in diagnosis and therapy. Awareness of this neoplastic disease is relevant to avoid misdiagnoses and to gain greater knowledge about the disease in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Roccabianca
- DIVAS, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi (LO), Lombardia, Italy
| | - Silvia Dell'Aere
- DIVAS, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi (LO), Lombardia, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Avallone
- DIMEVET, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Grugliasco (BO), Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Clarissa Zamboni
- DIVAS, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi (LO), Lombardia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Crippa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Lombardia, Italy
| | - Chiara Giudice
- DIVAS, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi (LO), Lombardia, Italy
| | - Mario Caniatti
- DIVAS, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Lodi (LO), Lombardia, Italy
| | - Verena K Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Finsterhölzl A, Müller J, Gaum S, Henrich M, Bauer N. [Cytologic evidence of hepatocytotropic T-cell-lymphoma in a 15-year-old male cat]. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2023; 51:422-429. [PMID: 38056480 DOI: 10.1055/a-2202-3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This case report describes the rare phenomenon of emperipolesis-like invasion of lymphatic blasts into the hepatocytes of a 15-year-old European Shorthair cat. The cat presented with nonspecific clinical signs (inappetence and weight loss). Cytologic examination of an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirate of the liver showed a subset of hepatocytes with emperipolesis-like invasion by lymphatic blasts. Few extracellularly located lymphatic blasts exhibited erythrophagia. Following the cytological diagnosis of large cell lymphoma and 2 weeks of monotherapy with prednisolone, the patient was euthanized due to his poor general condition. A post-mortem sample was obtained from the liver to confirm the suspected cytological diagnosis of hepatocytotropic lymphoma. Histopathology subsequently confirmed the cytologic findings. Immunohistochemically, the lymphatic blasts were positive for CD3 leading to a diagnosis of hepatocytotropic T-cell-lymphoma, which has rarely been described so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Finsterhölzl
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, klinische Laboratoriumsdiagnostik und klinische Pathophysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - Janina Müller
- Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | | | - Manfred Henrich
- Institut für Veterinär-Pathologie, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - Natali Bauer
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, klinische Laboratoriumsdiagnostik und klinische Pathophysiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
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3
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Robveille C, Kim MW, Stayt J, Sharp CR, Langner KFA. Disseminated T-cell lymphoma with non-epitheliotropic cutaneous involvement in a cat with erythematous patches and regenerative anemia. J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:42-46. [PMID: 36317261 PMCID: PMC9751472 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221133543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A 14-y-old, castrated male, diabetic, domestic longhaired cat was presented for investigation of anemia. General examination revealed widespread cutaneous erythematous macules and patches. Hematology and bone marrow aspiration revealed severe regenerative anemia and marked erythroid hyperplasia, respectively. Low numbers of intermediate-to-large, atypical lymphocytes were observed in the blood smear and bone marrow aspirates. Various imaging modalities demonstrated a diffuse pulmonary bronchial pattern, multifocal mural thickening of the urinary bladder, splenomegaly, and mild tri-cavitary effusion. Skin biopsies and cytologic examination of the pleural effusion demonstrated round-cell neoplasia consistent with lymphoma. Autopsy confirmed disseminated T-cell lymphoma, mostly affecting the urinary bladder, stomach, lymph nodes, and interscapular subcutis and muscles. Angiocentrism and nerve infiltration were present. The cutaneous erythematous patches, characterized by perivascular neoplastic lymphocytic infiltrates and angiodestruction, were a manifestation of the disseminated lymphoma in this cat, similar to the lesions reported in humans affected by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Robveille
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mark W. Kim
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- VetAgro Sup, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Jason Stayt
- VetPath Laboratory Services, Ascot, WA, Australia
- NovaVet Diagnostics, Bayswater, WA, Australia
| | - Claire R. Sharp
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Centre for Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability–Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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Kondratjeva J, Julien F, Coutelier C, Humeau L, Moog F, Combarros D, Fourquaux I, Pressanti C, Delverdier M, Moore PF, Cadiergues MC. Cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma in a donkey - a case report. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:267. [PMID: 35821128 PMCID: PMC9275177 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma is a malignant tumour of the skin already reported in humans, dogs, cats, horses, and other species, but not previously in donkeys. The standard diagnosis is based on clinical, morphological and immunophenotypic data. Differentiation of malignant versus benign proliferation of lymphocytes is crucial; in ambiguous cases T-cell receptor gamma (TRG) molecular clonality should be tested. In the present paper, we report a case of mycosis fungoides diagnosed in a donkey whose diagnosis was based on clinical, histological and immunohistochemical aspects and a positive TRG clonality test. Case presentation A twenty-five-year-old donkey gelding was referred with a mildly pruritic, generalised and severe exfoliative dermatosis. Otherwise, the animal was clinically healthy, though mildly underweight. Dermatological examination revealed severe generalised alopecic and exfoliative dermatitis, occasionally eroded, with high number of large, thin, greyish scales. All mucocutaneous junctions except the hoofs were affected. Ectoparasites and dermatophytes were ruled out. The complete blood count and blood smear evaluation revealed mild normocytic normochromic anemia. The biochemistry panel showed mild hyperproteinemia with albumin within the normal range. Protein electrophoresis showed moderate polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Histological findings were characterised by interface dermatitis with massive exocytosis in the epidermis of a homogenous population of lymphoid cells showing atypia. Clusters of neoplastic cells were present within the epidermis forming Pautrier “microabscesses”. These findings are consistent with cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed uniform labelling of the neoplastic cells for CD3, and lack of expression of CD20 (a B cell lineage associated marker). Molecular clonality PCR (PARR) was performed using equine TRG primers; this revealed a clonal rearrangement in a heavy polyclonal background. Transmission electronic microscopy showed multiple lymphocytes with convoluted or cerebriform nuclei. Conclusions This case report provides the first evidence of clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypic features, electron microscopy findings and molecular analysis of a cutaneous epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) in a donkey. Our observations suggest that cutaneous T-cell lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnoses of exfoliative dermatitis, even those progressing in a chronic pattern and/or with few or no pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Céline Coutelier
- Small Animal and Equine Hospital, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Humeau
- Small Animal and Equine Hospital, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Moog
- Small Animal and Equine Hospital, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Combarros
- Small Animal and Equine Hospital, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, InsermToulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Fourquaux
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée À La Biologie, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Charline Pressanti
- Small Animal and Equine Hospital, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, InsermToulouse, France
| | - Maxence Delverdier
- Basic Sciences Department, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Toulouse, France.,IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Peter F Moore
- Leukocyte Antigen Biology Laboratory, UC Davis, VM PMI, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Marie Christine Cadiergues
- Small Animal and Equine Hospital, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. .,INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, InsermToulouse, France.
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5
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Heniff AC, Chen LR, Christiansen EF, Harms CA, Law JM, Legner C, Linder KE. Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphosarcoma in a captive white catfish (Ameiurus catus Linnaeus). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:971-974. [PMID: 35475494 PMCID: PMC9320794 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A wild caught white catfish (Ameiurus catus Linnaeus) developed multiple cutaneous masses. Cytology revealed neoplastic lymphocytes and microscopy confirmed dermal infiltration with epitheliotropism in the epidermis, oral mucosa, and cornea, without internal organ involvement. Transmission electron microscopy did not identify viral particles. Histopathology supported cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphosarcoma, a condition most commonly reported in mammals. This is the first reported case of cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphosarcoma in an ictalurid and one of the few published cases of this condition in any fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn C. Heniff
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Laura R. Chen
- Department of Population Health and PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Emily F. Christiansen
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
- North Carolina AquariumsRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Craig A. Harms
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
- Center for Marine Science and TechnologyNorth Carolina State UniversityMorehead CityNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jerry M. Law
- Department of Population Health and PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christian Legner
- North Carolina Aquarium on Roanoke IslandManteoNorth CarolinaUSA
- Present address:
Town of Duck AdministrationDuckNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Keith E. Linder
- Department of Population Health and PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
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6
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Zein S, Bertram CA, Kiupel M, Klopfleisch R, Müller K. Auricular cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, subtype mycosis fungoides and otitis externa/media in a domestic rat (
Rattus norvegicus forma domestica
). VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Zein
- Small Animal Clinic Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Christof A. Bertram
- Institute of Pathology University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Small Animal Clinic Department of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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7
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Siewert J, Pellin MA, Husbands BD, Curran KM, Scavelli D, Sampene E. Feline cutaneous lymphoma: an evaluation of disease presentation and factors affecting response to treatment. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:389-397. [PMID: 34284671 PMCID: PMC10812239 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211028837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary goal of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation of feline cutaneous lymphoma. The secondary aims included determining if treatment or initial response to treatment affected the overall survival of patients, and understanding if disease characteristics such as immunophenotype, cell size or the presence of epitheliotropism influenced response to treatment. METHODS Veterinary medical oncologists at four academic veterinary teaching hospitals submitted cases of feline patients with cutaneous lymphoma diagnosed by histopathology or cytology. Signalment, feline leukemia virus (FeLV)/feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) status, physical examination findings, clinical signs, diagnostic tests, therapy, response and outcome, and necropsy findings, when available, were recorded. RESULTS Forty-one patients were identified and described. The majority of patients were domestic shorthair cats (n = 29). The median age at diagnosis was 12.3 years. Males were over-represented in the population (n = 30). In the majority of patients (n = 33), the FIV/FeLV status was unknown. Twenty patients were fully staged. Thirty-four patients were treated with a variety of modalities, including surgery, radiation, single-agent or combination chemotherapy, or prednisolone only. In multiple patients, surgery or radiation was combined with a systemic therapy. Of 34 patients treated with some form of therapy, 20 responded (achieving either a partial response or complete remission). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Clinical signs and physical examination findings varied among patients. Response to therapy appeared to be associated with survival (P = 0.0025); however, this population was highly censored. Immunophenotype, cell size and the presence of epitheliotropism did not influence treatment response. Results were limited by small numbers of patients, heterogeneous disease manifestations and treatment protocols. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of specific treatment modalities and disease subtype on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Siewert
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - MacKenzie A Pellin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian D Husbands
- University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Diane Scavelli
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emmanuel Sampene
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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8
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Mason S, Pittaway C. Feline lymphoma: diagnosis, staging and clinical presentations. IN PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Feline and Canine Cutaneous Lymphocytosis: Reactive Process or Indolent Neoplastic Disease? Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9010026. [PMID: 35051110 PMCID: PMC8778986 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous lymphocytosis (CL) is an uncommon and controversial lymphoproliferative disorder described in dogs and cats. CL is generally characterized by a heterogeneous clinical presentation and histological features that may overlap with epitheliotropic lymphoma. Therefore, its neoplastic or reactive nature is still debated. Here, we describe clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and clonality features of a retrospective case series of 19 cats and 10 dogs with lesions histologically compatible with CL. In both species, alopecia, erythema, and scales were the most frequent clinical signs. Histologically, a dermal infiltrate of small to medium-sized lymphocytes, occasionally extending to the subcutis, was always identified. Conversely, when present, epitheliotropism was generally mild. In cats, the infiltrate was consistently CD3+; in dogs, a mixture of CD3+ and CD20+ lymphocytes was observed only in 4 cases. The infiltrate was polyclonal in all cats, while BCR and TCR clonal rearrangements were identified in dogs. Overall, cats had a long-term survival (median overall survival = 1080 days) regardless of the treatment received, while dogs showed a shorter and variable clinical course, with no evident associations with clinicopathological features. In conclusion, our results support a reactive nature of the disease in cats, associated with prolonged survival; despite a similar histological picture, canine CL is associated with a more heterogeneous lymphocytic infiltrate, clonality results, and response to treatment, implying a more challenging discrimination between CL and CEL in this species. A complete diagnostic workup and detailed follow-up information on a higher number of cases is warrant for dogs.
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10
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Quintavalla F, Di Lecce R, Carlini D, Zanfabro M, Cantoni AM. Multifocal cutaneous non-epitheliotropic B-cell lymphoma in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2021; 6:2055116920972077. [PMID: 33414925 PMCID: PMC7750760 DOI: 10.1177/2055116920972077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary Skin tumours are the second-most common form of feline cancer after
haematopoietic neoplasms and are often malignant. Cutaneous lymphoma is
uncommon in cats and can be classified as epitheliotropic (typically of
T-cell origin) or non-epitheliotropic (either of T-cell or B-cell origin).
The present study describes a case of multifocal cutaneous
non-epitheliotropic B-cell lymphoma. The skin nodules were multiple and
variable in size; showed rapid progression; were alopecic and erythematous
in appearance and pruritic and ulcerated; and were mostly located on the
trunk. Nodule biopsies revealed the presence of uniform medium-to-large
round neoplastic cells that infiltrated the dermis and subcutis. The
neoplasias were consistent with a round cell cutaneous tumour and did not
show evidence of epitheliotropism. Furthermore, immunohistochemical
assessments indicated an immunophenotype characterised by round cells with a
strong membrane and cytoplasmic positivity for the CD20 antigen, consistent
with a lymphocyte of B-cell origin. Relevance and novel information Cutaneous non-epitheliotropic B-cell lymphoma in cats is rare and was
previously reported to appear as single dermal and subcutaneous masses that
are variable in size and generally develop in the tarsal region. To our
knowledge, this is the first report to describe multifocal cutaneous
non-epitheliotropic B-cell lymphoma in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosanna Di Lecce
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Zanfabro
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Anna M Cantoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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11
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Subcutaneous B Cell Lymphoma in a Dog from the West Indies. Case Rep Vet Med 2020; 2020:3695130. [PMID: 32047701 PMCID: PMC7007956 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3695130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A 9-year-old male castrated mixed-breed dog from the West Indies was presented for multiple, nonpainful, nodular, circumscribed, subcutaneous masses located on the dorsum, lateral thorax, head, forelimbs, and scrotum. En bloc surgical resection of a mass on the right paw, left forehead, and left medial forelimb with proportional margins was performed. Three punch biopsies were taken from the masses located along the right lateral flank. Histopathologic and immunohistochemistry (IHC) examination of the skin lesions revealed a diagnosis of subcutaneous B cell lymphoma. Thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound were negative for signs of gross metastatic disease. Chemotherapeutic intervention included intravenous doxorubicin (30 mg/m2) administered at 3-week intervals for 3 treatments and oral prednisone (2 mg/kg/d) for 3 weeks. There were no complications following the chemotherapy protocol. As of 3 years, there has been no regrowth of the tumors and the patient continues to be cancer free. To date, this is the first reported case of subcutaneous B cell lymphoma diagnosed in a dog treated successfully with gross tumor resection and chemotherapy.
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12
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Carias E, DeLorenzo M, Owston M, Gonzalez O, Kumar S, Dick EJ. Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma in a baboon (Papio spp.): A case report and a brief literature review. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:192-196. [PMID: 30941777 PMCID: PMC6716516 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma (CEL) has not been reported in non-human primates. We report the first case of CEL in a 9-year-old baboon. The phenotype of the neoplastic cells in this baboon is similar to CEL in humans (CD3+, CD4+, CD8-) and different from dogs (CD3+, CD4-, CD8+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Carias
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245
- Microbiology and Immunology Program, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Megan DeLorenzo
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Life Sciences, Clemson University, SC
| | | | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245
| | - Shyamesh Kumar
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245
| | - Edward J. Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245
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14
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Canine and Feline Cutaneous Epitheliotropic Lymphoma and Cutaneous Lymphocytosis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2019; 49:67-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Sula MJM, Frank LA, Ramsay EC. Lymphocytic Mural Folliculitis Resembling Epitheliotropic Lymphoma in Tigers ( Panthera tigris). Vet Pathol 2018; 55:731-735. [PMID: 29661122 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818766213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A striking form of lymphocytic mural folliculitis is described in 6 tigers ( Panthera tigris). Clinically, all tigers exhibited regionally extensive chronic, variably waxing and waning alopecia with minimal scaling and crusting most pronounced over the head, neck, and shoulders. More severely affected tigers exhibited marked hyperpigmentation and lichenification. Pruritus was not a feature. Tigers generally lacked signs of systemic illness and clinical pathology findings were unremarkable. Histologic examination of skin biopsies revealed infiltrative lymphocytic mural folliculitis extending the length of the hair follicle. Mild epidermal lymphocytic infiltrates were frequent. The surrounding dermis was histologically unremarkable in 4 of 6 tigers or associated with mild perifollicular and periadnexal mixed inflammation in 2 of 6 tigers. The cause of the mural folliculitis was not identified, and tigers responded poorly to immunomodulatory therapy. Lymphocytic mural folliculitis might be a nonspecific hypersensitivity reaction pattern in tigers, and care should be taken to differentiate this reaction pattern from epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee-Ja M Sula
- 1 Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Linda A Frank
- 2 Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Edward C Ramsay
- 2 Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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16
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Jegatheeson S, Wayne J, Brockley LK. Cutaneous non-epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma associated with a fracture site in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2018; 4:2055116918760357. [PMID: 29552352 PMCID: PMC5846923 DOI: 10.1177/2055116918760357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 7-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented for investigation of a swelling over the right forelimb. Radiographs of the right forelimb revealed significant lysis and soft tissue swelling surrounding a previously implanted surgical plate, used to repair a fracture of the distal radius 5 years prior. The implant was removed, and a biopsy was collected. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry diagnosed a non-epitheliotropic T-cell cutaneous lymphoma. Staging confirmed multiple regional lymph node involvement. The cat was started on a CHOP-based protocol (vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone). At week 4, the disease progressed both locally and within the regional lymph nodes. The primary lesion became severely ulcerated and the cat was euthanased, 42 days post-diagnosis. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a cutaneous non-epitheliotropic lymphoma developing at the site of a previous traumatic fracture and metal implant. The cat's response to chemotherapy was poor and euthanasia was performed owing to progressive disease. More investigation is required to understand the role that malignant transformation could have at sites of chronic inflammation, bone fractures and surgical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Wayne
- ASAP Laboratory, Mulgrave, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura K Brockley
- Victorian Animal Cancer Care, Box Hill South, Victoria, Australia
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Backel K, Cain C. Skin as a marker of general feline health: Cutaneous manifestations of infectious disease. J Feline Med Surg 2017; 19:1149-1165. [PMID: 29068251 PMCID: PMC10816623 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x17735764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Practical relevance: Infectious disease in feline patients often presents a diagnostic challenge. This article reviews the most relevant viral, bacterial and protozoal diseases and their cutaneous manifestations. Many of the diseases discussed have overlapping presentations or may mimic more common noninfectious disease processes. The purpose of the article is to reinforce knowledge of common and uncommon infectious diseases, help practitioners identify possible infectious dermatoses, create a comprehensive and prioritized differential list, and provide guidance for the diagnosis of these diseases. A working knowledge of these clinical syndromes is important if what is thought to be a case of a common disease does not respond to conventional management. AUDIENCE This review is aimed at veterinarians who treat cats and especially those with an interest in feline dermatology. Tables are included to allow the reader to formulate a concise list of differential diagnoses for clinically similar presentations. The diagnostic approach to a case of ulcerative facial dermatitis is reviewed in a Case Notes quiz. Evidence base: This article includes up-to-date information regarding dermatologic manifestations of less commonly encountered feline cutaneous infectious diseases. Information has been drawn from the published, peer-reviewed literature and the most recent textbook chapters with a particular aim of describing and differentiating clinical lesions and the diagnostic approach to cutaneous disease, especially in unusual cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Backel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christine Cain
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, 3900 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Roccabianca P, Avallone G, Rodriguez A, Crippa L, Lepri E, Giudice C, Caniatti M, Moore PF, Affolter VK. Cutaneous Lymphoma at Injection Sites. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:823-32. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815623620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Feline primary cutaneous lymphomas (FPCLs) account for 0.2% to 3% of all lymphomas in cats and are more frequently dermal nonepitheliotropic small T-cell tumors. Emergence of FPCL seems unrelated to feline leukemia virus (FeLV) serological positivity or to skin inflammation. A total of 17 cutaneous lymphomas with a history of vaccine injection at the site of tumor development were selected from 47 FPCLs. Clinical presentation, histology, immunophenotype, FeLV p27 and gp70 expression, and clonality were assessed. A majority of male (12/17), domestic short-haired (13/17) cats with a mean age of 11.3 years was reported. Postinjection time of development ranged from 15 days to approximately 9 years in 5 cats. At diagnosis, 11 of 17 cats had no evidence of internal disease. Lymphomas developed in interscapular (8/17), thoracic (8/17), and flank (1/17) cutaneous regions; lacked epitheliotropism; and were characterized by necrosis (16/17), angiocentricity (13/17), angioinvasion (9/17), angiodestruction (8/17), and peripheral inflammation composed of lymphoid aggregates (14/17). FeLV gp70 and/or p27 proteins were expressed in 10 of 17 tumors. By means of World Health Organization classification, immunophenotype, and clonality, the lesions were categorized as large B-cell lymphoma (11/17), anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma (3/17), natural killer cell–like (1/17) lymphoma, or peripheral T-cell lymphoma (1/17). Lineage remained uncertain in 1 case. Cutaneous lymphomas at injection sites (CLIS) shared some clinical and pathological features with feline injection site sarcomas and with lymphomas developing in the setting of subacute to chronic inflammation reported in human beings. Persistent inflammation induced by the injection and by reactivation of FeLV expression may have contributed to emergence of CLIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Roccabianca
- DIVET: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, University of Milano, Italy
| | - G. Avallone
- DIMEVET: Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - L. Crippa
- ISTOVET, via W. Tobagi, 15-20842 Besana in Brianza (MB), Italy
| | - E. Lepri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - C. Giudice
- DIVET: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, University of Milano, Italy
| | - M. Caniatti
- DIVET: Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, University of Milano, Italy
| | - P. F. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - V. K. Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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Pariser MS, Gram DW. Feline cutaneous lymphocytosis: case report and summary of the literature. J Feline Med Surg 2014; 16:758-63. [PMID: 25146663 PMCID: PMC11185241 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x14545275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Feline cutaneous lymphocytosis is a rare disease characterized by proliferation of T and/or B lymphocytes in the dermis. Although some of the clinical and histopathologic findings of this condition can overlap with cutaneous lymphoma, it is important to distinguish these entities since their treatment and clinical outcomes vary greatly. SCOPE This report presents a summary of the literature on feline cutaneous lymphocytosis and describes a case of this condition which showed some unique clinical features and was successfully controlled with oral glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene S Pariser
- Animal Allergy and Dermatology, 1100 Eden Way N, Chesapeake, VA 23320, USA
| | - Dunbar W Gram
- University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, PO Box 100126, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Burr HD, Keating JH, Clifford CA, Burgess KE. Cutaneous lymphoma of the tarsus in cats: 23 cases (2000–2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 244:1429-34. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.12.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Santagostino SF, Mortellaro CM, Boracchi P, Avallone G, Caniatti M, Forlani A, Roccabianca P. Feline upper respiratory tract lymphoma: site, cyto-histology, phenotype, FeLV expression, and prognosis. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:250-9. [PMID: 24903757 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814537529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common feline upper respiratory tract (URT) tumor. Primary nasal and nasopharyngeal lymphomas have been evaluated as distinct pathological entities; however, data on their differing clinical behavior are missing. A total of 164 endoscopic- guided URT pinch biopsies were formalin fixed and routinely processed. Imprint cytological specimens were stained with May Grünwald-Giemsa. Immunohistochemistry for anti-CD20, CD3, FeLVp27, and FeLVgp70 was performed. Prognostic significance of clinicopathological variables was investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Lymphoma was diagnosed in 39 cats (24%). Most cats with lymphoma were domestic shorthair (32 [82%]), were male (F/M = 0.56), and had a mean age of 10.3 years (range, 1-16 years). Lymphomas were primary nasal in 26 cats (67%), nasopharyngeal in 6 (15%), and in both locations (combined lymphomas) in 7 cats (18%). Neoplastic growth pattern was diffuse in 35 cases (90%) and nodular in 4 (10%). Epitheliotropism was observed in 10 cases (26%). Tumor cells were large in 15 cases, were small and medium in 11 cases each, and 2 had mixed cell size. Submucosal lymphoplasmacytic inflammation was observed in 23 cases (59%). Cytology was diagnostic for lymphoma in 12 of 25 cases (48%). A B-cell origin prevailed (34 [87%]). Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) p27 or gp70 antigen was detected in 21 lymphomas (54%). URT lymphomas were aggressive, with survival varying from 0 to 301 days (mean, 53 days). Epitheliotropism in 8 B-cell lymphomas (80%) and in 2 T-cell lymphomas (20%) correlated with prolonged survival. Age younger or older than 10 years had a negative prognostic value. Lymphoplasmacytic inflammation and FeLV infection may represent favoring factors for URT lymphoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Santagostino
- DIVET, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - C M Mortellaro
- DIVET, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - P Boracchi
- DSCC, Unità di statistica medica e biometria, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - G Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - M Caniatti
- DIVET, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A Forlani
- DIVET, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - P Roccabianca
- DIVET, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA IN TWO CAPTIVE TASMANIAN DEVILS (SARCOPHILUS HARRISII). J Zoo Wildl Med 2014; 45:367-71. [DOI: 10.1638/2013-0217r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Meichner K, von Bomhard W. Patient characteristics, histopathological findings and outcome in 97 cats with extranodal subcutaneous lymphoma (2007-2011). Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14 Suppl 1:8-20. [PMID: 24410724 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Meichner
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Center of Clinical Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - W. von Bomhard
- Specialty Practice for Veterinary Pathology; Munich Germany
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Crosaz O, Vilaplana-Grosso F, Alleaume C, Cordonnier N, Bedu-Leperlier AS, Marignac G, Hubert B, Rosenberg D. Skin fragility syndrome in a cat with multicentric follicular lymphoma. J Feline Med Surg 2013; 15:953-8. [PMID: 23580701 PMCID: PMC11383158 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x13483460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
An 11-year-old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat was presented for a right flank wound. On clinical examination, a single non-painful skin tear lesion with irregular edges was detected. During the examination, star-shaped cigarette paper-like skin lesions appeared spontaneously. An abdominal mass was also palpated. Feline skin fragility syndrome (FSFS) was suspected and a multicentric lymphoma was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration. The cat's condition declined and it died spontaneously. Post-mortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of lymphoma. Neoplastic lymphocytes were not observed in the skin. Histological analysis of the skin was consistent with the morphological aspects of FSFS. A possible direct link between the two conditions remains a matter of speculation, but this case report provides the first description of FSFS associated with multicentric follicular lymphoma. Thus, multicentric follicular lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats presenting with FSFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Crosaz
- 1Dermatology Unit, Paris-Est University, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Fujii Y, Yurkon CR, Maeda J, Genet SC, Kubota N, Fujimori A, Mori T, Maruo K, Kato TA. Comparative study of radioresistance between feline cells and human cells. Radiat Res 2013; 180:70-7. [PMID: 23772923 DOI: 10.1667/rr3194.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radioresistance of cats has been seen in animal radiotherapy. Feline radioresistance and its underlying mechanism(s) were investigated in fibroblast cells and lymphocytes. We hypothesized that radioresistance was attributable to an increase in the cells ability to repair DNA damage. To investigate this hypothesis, fibroblast cells were exposed to various doses of X rays and then colony formation assays were performed. Survival curves showed that potential lethal damage repair (PLDR) for feline cells were greater than that for human cells. γ-H2AX foci assays were performed to evaluate DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) formation and repair kinetics. After PLDR, feline cells displayed a decreased residual amount of γ-H2AX foci. Formation of chromosome aberrations (dicentrics) after PLDR as an indicator of radiation-induced DNA damage and repair; human, feline and canine lymphocytes were evaluated. Human and canine lymphocytes showed two to three times the number of dicentrics compared to feline lymphocytes. Finally, micronuclei assays were performed to further confirm the radioresistant nature of feline lymphocytes. In concordance with the results of the chromosome aberration assay, the number of micronuclei in feline lymphocytes was less than observed in human and canine lymphocytes. Taken together, these results show that DNA and chromosome damage induced by X irradiation is more effectively repaired in feline cells, resulting in less residual damage. Our results suggest that both feline fibroblasts and lymphocytes are more radioresistant compared to human cells of similar tissues, and this resistance can be contributed, at least in part, to greater ability for PLDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Fujii
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 4669-2 Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
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Hematopoietic Tumors. WITHROW AND MACEWEN'S SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161412 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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