Mupirocin in the treatment of impetigo

Impetigo - review

Impetigo is a common cutaneous infection that is especially prevalent in children. Historically, impetigo is caused by either group A β-hemolytic streptococci or Staphylococcus aureus. Currently, the most frequently isolated pathogen is S. aureus. This article discusses the microbiologic and virulence factors of group A β-hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus, clinical characteristics, complications, as well as the approach to diagnosis and management of impetigo. Topical agents for impetigo therapy are reviewed.

Topical Antibiotic Treatment of Impetigo with Tetracycline

Forty-nine children aged 0.2-13 years with bullous and eroded lesions, from which Staphylococcus aureus was isolated, were diagnosed with impetigo and entered into a randomized, open-labeled trial of topical oxytetracycline hydrochloride (tetracycline) compared with a combination of topical tetracycline and oral antibiotics. After one week of topical tetracycline treatment, 22 of the 28 patients were clinically cured, and the remaining six patients had improved. In the other treatment group, 14 patients of 21 were clinically cured and 7 patients improved by the combination of topical tetracycline and oral antibiotics. There were no significant differences between the two groups. Therefore, the present study suggests that topical tetracycline treatment is effective for the treatment of impetigo.

Opportunities for mupirocin calcium cream in the emergency department

Mupirocin calcium cream is a newly reformulated topical antibiotic with a bactericidal spectrum specific for the pathogens that frequently cause secondary infections in superficial wounds. Both the calcium cream and ointment formulations have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of secondarily infected traumatic lesions and dermatoses, including eczema, burns, wounds, bites, and ulcers. Mupirocin has a low risk of systemic and topical complications. To date, antimicrobial resistance is rare among target pathogens. The use of mupirocin to treat secondary wound infection has a profile of high efficacy and does not impair the normal healing in traumatized skin.

Current aspects of bacterial infections of the skin

The practicing dermatologist is faced with an ever-changing epidemiologic spectrum of cutaneous bacterial diseases. Studies have stated that bacterial skin infections may account for up to 17% of clinical visits. It is hoped that the information presented in this article will enable the practicing dermatologist to provide improved patient care in the diagnosis and management of bacterial infections of the skin.