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Akinfenwa O, Huang HJ, Linhart B, Focke-Tejkl M, Vrtala S, Poroshina A, Nikonova A, Khaitov M, Campion NJ, Eckl-Dorna J, Niederberger-Leppin V, Kratzer B, Tauber PA, Pickl WF, Kundi M, Campana R, Valenta R. Preventive Administration of Non-Allergenic Bet v 1 Peptides Reduces Allergic Sensitization to Major Birch Pollen Allergen, Bet v 1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:744544. [PMID: 34795666 PMCID: PMC8594376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE-mediated allergy to birch pollen affects more than 100 million patients world-wide. Bet v 1, a 17 kDa protein is the major allergen in birch pollen responsible for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma in birch pollen allergic patients. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) based on therapeutic administration of Bet v 1-containing vaccines is an effective treatment for birch pollen allergy but no allergen-specific forms of prevention are available. We developed a mouse model for IgE sensitization to Bet v 1 based on subcutaneous injection of aluminum-hydroxide adsorbed recombinant Bet v 1 and performed a detailed characterization of the specificities of the IgE, IgG and CD4+ T cell responses in sensitized mice using seven synthetic peptides of 31-42 amino acids length which comprised the Bet v 1 sequence and the epitopes recognized by human CD4+ T cells. We then demonstrate that preventive systemic administration of a mix of synthetic non-allergenic Bet v 1 peptides to 3-4 week old mice significantly reduced allergic immune responses, including IgE, IgG, IgE-mediated basophil activation, CD4+ T cell and IL-4 responses to the complete Bet v 1 allergen but not to the unrelated major grass pollen allergen Phl p 5, without inducing Bet v 1-specific allergic sensitization or adaptive immunity. Our results thus demonstrate that early preventive administration of non-allergenic synthetic T cell epitope-containing allergen peptides could be a safe strategy for the prevention of allergen-specific IgE sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin Akinfenwa
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Huey-Jy Huang
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alina Poroshina
- National Research Center (NRC) - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Nikonova
- National Research Center (NRC) - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Musa Khaitov
- National Research Center (NRC) - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Immunology Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nicholas J Campion
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Kratzer
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Anton Tauber
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.,Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.,National Research Center (NRC) - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory for Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Curin M, Khaitov M, Karaulov A, Namazova-Baranova L, Campana R, Garib V, Valenta R. Next-Generation of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapies: Molecular Approaches. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018; 18:39. [PMID: 29886521 PMCID: PMC5994214 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-018-0790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this article is to discuss how allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) can be improved through molecular approaches. We provide a summary of next-generation molecular AIT approaches and of their clinical evaluation. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of next generation molecular AIT forms for the treatment of severe manifestations of allergy and mention possible future molecular strategies for the secondary and primary prevention of allergy. RECENT FINDINGS AIT has important advantages over symptomatic forms of allergy treatment but its further development is limited by the quality of the therapeutic antigen preparations which are derived from natural allergen sources. The field of allergy diagnosis is currently undergoing a dramatic improvement through the use of molecular testing with defined, mainly recombinant allergens which allows high-resolution diagnosis. Several studies demonstrate that molecular testing in early childhood can predict the development of symptomatic allergy later on in life. Clinical studies indicate that molecular AIT approaches have the potential to improve therapy of allergic diseases and may be used as allergen-specific forms of secondary and eventually primary prevention for allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Curin
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Musa Khaitov
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Raffaela Campana
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Garib
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- International Network of Universities for Molecular Allergololgy and Immunology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
- International Network of Universities for Molecular Allergololgy and Immunology, Vienna, Austria.
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Ricketti PA, Alandijani S, Lin CH, Casale TB. Investigational new drugs for allergic rhinitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:279-292. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1290079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Ricketti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sultan Alandijani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chen Hsing Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Thomas B. Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Tampa, FL, USA
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Pfaar O, Klimek L, Varga EM. Fel d 1 synthetic peptides (Cat-PAD) - Good news for cat owners with children? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27:666-670. [PMID: 27288980 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Ludger Klimek
- Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Varga
- Respiratory and Allergic Disease Division, Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Abstract
Careful selection of dominant T cell epitope peptides of major allergens that display degeneracy for binding to a wide array of MHC class II molecules allows induction of clinical and immunological tolerance to allergen in a refined treatment strategy. From the original concept of peptide-induced T cell anergy arising from in vitro studies, proof-of-concept murine models and flourishing human trials followed. Current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of mixtures of T cell-reactive short allergen peptides or long contiguous overlapping peptides are encouraging with intradermal administration into non-inflamed skin a preferred delivery. Definitive immunological mechanisms are yet to be resolved but specific anergy, Th2 cell deletion, immune deviation, and Treg induction seem implicated. Significant efficacy, particularly with short treatment courses, in a range of aeroallergen therapies (cat, house dust mite, grass pollen) with inconsequential non-systemic adverse events likely heralds a new class of therapeutic for allergy, Synthetic Peptide Immuno-Regulatory Epitopes (SPIRE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn E O'Hehir
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sara R Prickett
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
| | - Jennifer M Rolland
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Prickett SR, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE. Immunoregulatory T cell epitope peptides: the new frontier in allergy therapy. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:1015-26. [PMID: 25900315 PMCID: PMC4654246 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has been practised since 1911 and remains the only therapy proven to modify the natural history of allergic diseases. Although efficacious in carefully selected individuals, the currently licensed whole allergen extracts retain the risk of IgE-mediated adverse events, including anaphylaxis and occasionally death. This together with the need for prolonged treatment regimens results in poor patient adherence. The central role of the T cell in orchestrating the immune response to allergen informs the choice of T cell targeted therapies for down-regulation of aberrant allergic responses. Carefully mapped short synthetic peptides that contain the dominant T cell epitopes of major allergens and bind to a diverse array of HLA class II alleles, can be delivered intradermally into non-inflamed skin to induce sustained clinical and immunological tolerance. The short peptides from allergenic proteins are unable to cross-link IgE and possess minimal inflammatory potential. Systematic progress has been made from in vitro human models of allergen T cell epitope-based peptide anergy in the early 1990s, through proof-of-concept murine allergy models and early human trials with longer peptides, to the current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials with the potential new class of synthetic short immune-regulatory T cell epitope peptide therapies. Sustained efficacy with few adverse events is being reported for cat, house dust mite and grass pollen allergy after only a short course of treatment. Underlying immunological mechanisms remain to be fully delineated but anergy, deletion, immune deviation and Treg induction all seem contributory to successful outcomes, with changes in IgG4 apparently less important compared to conventional AIT. T cell epitope peptide therapy is promising a safe and effective new class of specific treatment for allergy, enabling wider application even for more severe allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Prickett
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - J M Rolland
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - R E O'Hehir
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Creticos PS. Advances in synthetic peptide immuno-regulatory epitopes. World Allergy Organ J 2014; 7:30. [PMID: 25396029 PMCID: PMC4230367 DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-7-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic peptide immuno-regulatory epitopes (SPIRE) represent a new class of therapeutics for allergen immunotherapy that offer the potential to suppress the IgE-mediated allergic disease process through induction of T-cell tolerance. These synthetic T-cell-tolerizing peptides have been designed to induce immunologic tolerance via binding to MHC class II molecules on antigen presenting cells, with subsequent upregulation of regulatory T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Socrates Creticos
- Creticos Research Group, Crownsville, Maryland USA ; Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland USA
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Worm M, Patel D, Creticos PS. Cat peptide antigen desensitisation for treating cat allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:1347-57. [PMID: 23964728 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.827661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is an increasingly common source of morbidity with sensitivity to cats accounting for 10-15% of the disease burden. Allergy to cats is a major risk factor for the development of asthma. AREAS COVERED Within the present manuscript, the current data on a novel therapeutic approach to treat cat allergy is reviewed. Cat Peptide Antigen Desensitisation (Cat-PAD) is a mixture of seven small peptides developed for the treatment of cat allergy. It is designed to induce immunological tolerance via binding to MHC class II on antigen presenting cells and interacting with regulatory T cells without triggering the cross-linking of IgE on mast cells and basophils. The peptide sequences are derived from the major cat allergen Fel d 1. The peptides have been selected to ensure a similar T cell response to that generated to whole cat dander in ex-vivo PBMC derived from cat allergic individuals. The size of the peptides is insufficient to induce cross-linking of IgE. Clinical data from a series of studies shows that Cat-PAD is able to significantly reduce allergic rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms after a short course of four injections over 12 weeks, and that the treatment effect is persistent lasting 2 years after the start of treatment. EXPERT OPINION Taken together Cat-PAD is a novel, well tolerated and promising therapeutic approach to treat cat allergic patients. Data from the current international Phase III study will unravel whether the concept is also efficient and tolerable under daily life circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margitta Worm
- Charité, Allergy-Centre-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergology , Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin , Germany +0049 30 450518105 ; +0049 30 450518931 ;
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Watanabe J, Tanabe S. The Production of Hypoallergenic Wheat Flour for Wheat-Allergic Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420028836.ch20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Immunology. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, ASTHMA AND IMMUNOLOGY 2008. [PMCID: PMC7122665 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-33395-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The concept of forbidden foods that should not be eaten goes back to the Garden of Eden and apart from its religious meanings it may also have foreshadowed the concept of foods that can provoke adverse reactions. Thus we could say that allergic diseases have plagued mankind since the beginning of life on earth. The prophet Job was affected by a condition that following the rare symptoms described by the Holy Bible might be identified as a severe form of atopic dermatitis (AD). The earliest record of an apparently allergic reaction is 2621 B.C., when death from stinging insects was first described by hieroglyphics carved into the walls of the tomb of Pharaoh Menes depicting his death following the sting of a wasp. In 79 A.D., the death of the Roman admiral Pliny the Elder was ascribed to the SO2-rich gases emanating from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Hippocrates (460–377 B.C.) was probably the first to describe how cow’s milk (CM) could cause gastric upset and hives, proposing dietetic measures including both treatment and prevention for CM allergy.
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Kozutsumi D, Tsunematsu M, Yamaji T, Murakami R, Yokoyama M, Kino K. PS80 interferes with the antiallergic effect of Cry-consensus peptide, a novel recombinant peptide for immunotherapy of Japanese cedar pollinosis, at very low concentration through modulation of Th1/Th2 balance. Immunology 2006; 118:392-401. [PMID: 16827900 PMCID: PMC1782296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysorbate 80 (PS80 or Tween-80) is often used as an additive to promote the rapid solubilization of pharmaceuticals in aqueous solutions. We investigated whether coinjection of a minimal amount of PS80 had a modulatory effect on the immunotherapeutic effects of Cry (Cryptomeria)-consensus peptide, a novel peptide developed for the therapeutic management of Japanese cedar pollinosis, using a Cry j 1-sensitized mouse model with experimental allergic rhinitis. Subcutaneous challenge with Cry-consensus peptide plus 50 microg/ml of PS80 did not affect the antigen-specific proliferation of splenocytes, but decreased the potency of Cry-consensus peptide to inhibit antigen-specific interleukin (IL)-5 production by the cells significantly in comparison with challenge with Cry-consensus peptide alone. However, there was no significant difference between the effect of Cry-consensus peptide administration on interferon (IFN)-gamma production in the presence and absence of PS80, indicating that PS80 interfered with the T helper 1 (Th1)-dominant T helper balance induced by Cry-consensus peptide challenge. Moreover, the increase in the level of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) induced by Cry-consensus peptide challenge was inhibited slightly but unambiguously by PS80 coinjection. These in vitro experiments indicated that PS80 induces Th2-type differentiation of T helper cells through preferential inhibition of IFN-gamma expression relative to IL-5 expression in splenocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. In naïve mice, sensitization by Cry-consensus peptide with PS80 induced antigen-specific IL-5 production more potently than sensitization by Cry-consensus peptide alone, and when PS80 was added to bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, the endocytosis of fluorescence-labelled Cry-consensus peptide was dramatically inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, we conclude that PS80 has an immunomodulatory effect on the antigen-specific response resulting in a shift towards Th2 predominance with respect to the antigen recognition stage. Taken together, our findings suggest that PS80 might decrease the efficacy of Cry-consensus peptide through modulation of the efficiency of antigen endocytosis and/or of the direction of successive T helper cell differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/genetics
- Allergens/immunology
- Allergens/therapeutic use
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Plant
- Cells, Cultured
- Cryptomeria/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Desensitization, Immunologic/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Endocytosis/drug effects
- Endocytosis/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Immunologic Factors/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-5/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/immunology
- Plant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Polysorbates/pharmacology
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
- Spleen/immunology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kozutsumi
- Research and Development Section, Pharmaceuticals Development Department, Meiji Dairies Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- U R Müller
- Medical Division Spital Bern Ziegler, Switzerland
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Tanabe S, Kobayashi Y, Takahata Y, Morimatsu F, Shibata R, Nishimura T. Some human B and T cell epitopes of bovine serum albumin, the major beef allergen. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 293:1348-53. [PMID: 12054661 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is the major beef allergen. Since IgE and T cell recognitions are central to the specific immune response to allergens, the identification and immunologic characterization of B and T cell epitopes of BSA represent important steps in the development of treatments for beef allergy. Prior to our experiments, we hypothesized that BSA-specific antibodies and T cells react primarily with sequential epitopes in which the amino acid sequences differ greatly between bovine and human albumin. To clarify this hypothesis, 16 peptides corresponding to such regions were synthesized as candidate epitopes. Among them, at least two regions, aa336-345 and aa451-459, were found to be B cell (IgE-binding) epitopes. In inhibition ELISA experiments, EYAV (aa338-341) and LILNR (aa453-457) bound to patient IgE antibodies and were found to be the cores of the IgE-binding epitopes. Three regions, DDSPDLPKLKPDPNTLC (aa107-123), PHACYTSVFDKLKHLVDEP (aa364-382), and LSLILNRLC (aa451-459), were found to induce T cell proliferation in more than half of the patients tested. Of interest was that these three regions were also recognized by B cells. Information concerning human B and T cells epitopes can contribute greatly to the elucidation of the etiology of beef allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Tanabe
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
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Watanabe J, Tanabe S, Watanabe M, Kasai T, Sonoyama K. Consumption of hypoallergenic flour prevents gluten-induced airway inflammation in Brown Norway rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:1729-35. [PMID: 11577710 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Brown Norway rats were immunized with gluten, and then fed a diet containing hypoallergenic flour or an amino acid mixture. The rats were then made to inhale a solubilized gluten to induce gluten-specific bronchial asthma. The antibody levels in the serum of rats were measured by ELISA, and cell counts were done on cytospin preparations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Body weight was decreased after allergen challenge in rats fed the amino acid mixture but not in rats fed the hypoallergenic flour. Antibody levels in the serum were significantly lower in rats fed hypoallergenic flour than in those fed the amino acid mixture. Differential cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed that the numbers of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were significantly lower in rats fed the hypoallergenic flour than in those fed the amino acid mixture. These results suggest that hypoallergenic flour actively suppresses the allergic reactions, probably by inducing oral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Watanabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Yasue M, Yokota T, Fukada M, Takai T, Suko M, Okudaira H, Okumura Y. Hyposensitization to allergic reaction in rDer f 2-sensitized mice by the intranasal administration of a mutant of rDer f 2, C8/119S. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 113:1-9. [PMID: 9697976 PMCID: PMC1905018 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00616.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
C8/119S is a mutant of recombinant Der f 2 (rDer f 2), and lacks a disulphide bond possessed by wild-type rDer f 2. In humans and mice, C8/119S has a very weak IgE-binding capacity compared with the wild-type, but possesses a T cell reactivity comparable to that of the wild-type. C8/119S may thus be a safe immunotherapeutic agent for house dust mite allergy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the intranasal administration of C8/119S could suppress an immediate allergic reaction in mice sensitized with wild-type rDer f 2, possessing an allergic activity comparable to native counterparts purified from mite extract. Seven-week-old male A/J mice were immunized with wild-type rDer f 2 four times, and then intranasally administered 0.2-2 microg of wild-type, 0.2-20 microg of C8/119S, or PBS alone, three times a week for 4 weeks. Seven days after the last administration, the mice were examined for an immediate allergic reaction. The animals administered 2 microg of C8/119S (C2.0 group) showed significantly reduced immediate bronchoconstriction provoked by the i.v. injection of 1 and 10 microg of wild-type rDer f 2, compared with the PBS-treated mice. Similar results were obtained when we examined mice 10 weeks after the last administration. The reactions in the other groups given wild-type or C8/119S also tended to decrease in severity in comparison with the animals of the PBS group. The allergic phenotypes of the T cells, B cells, and basophils in the C2.0 group were shifted to that of naive mice without immunization. We conclude that C8/119S has hyposensitizing activities in mice sensitized with wild-type rDer f 2. C8/119S may be useful for immunotherapy of house dust mite allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yasue
- Bioscience Research and Development Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd, Ibaraki, Japan
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Sone T, Morikubo K, Miyahara M, Komiyama N, Shimizu K, Tsunoo H, Kino K. T Cell Epitopes in Japanese Cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica) Pollen Allergens: Choice of Major T Cell Epitopes in Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 Toward Design of the Peptide-Based Immunotherapeutics for the Management of Japanese Cedar Pollinosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.1.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Japanese cedar pollinosis is caused by exposure to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen, of which two components, Cry j 1 and Cry j 2, are believed to be the major allergens. T cell lines specific to either Cry j 1 or rCry j 2 were reactive to various portions of each panel of overlapping peptides derived from Cry j 1 or Cry j 2. Two peptides, p211–225 and p108–120, from among six major T cell epitopes identified in Cry j 1 sequence, and three peptides, p182–200, p344–355, and p66–80, from among five in Cry j 2, were chosen to design an artificial polypeptide (named Cry-consensus) based on a difference among the types of the restriction molecules capable of presenting these peptides. After construction of a DNA encoding these peptides in order, Cry-consensus was expressed in Escherichia coli. Five of six T cell epitopes, except for Cry j 2 p344–355, in Cry-consensus were recognized by the T cell clones specific to each peptide. PBMC from allergic patients induced higher proliferation under stimulation from Cry-consensus than individual peptides. Eighty-eight percent of the PBMC (15 of 17) showed proliferation under the Cry-consensus stimulation. Thus, several major T cell epitopes from Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 can be chosen in the design of peptide-based immunotherapeutics for the management of Japanese cedar pollinosis in subjects having various types of HLA class II molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Sone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research, Meiji Institute of Health Science, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Morikubo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research, Meiji Institute of Health Science, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michinori Miyahara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research, Meiji Institute of Health Science, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Komiyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research, Meiji Institute of Health Science, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kimiko Shimizu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research, Meiji Institute of Health Science, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Tsunoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research, Meiji Institute of Health Science, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research, Meiji Institute of Health Science, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan
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22
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Kämmerer R, Kettner A, Chvatchko Y, Dufour N, Tiercy JM, Corradin G, Spertini F. Delineation of PLA2 epitopes using short or long overlapping synthetic peptides: interest for specific immunotherapy. Clin Exp Allergy 1997; 27:1016-26. [PMID: 9678833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venom immunotherapy is definitely indicated in severe systemic anaphylactic reactions to bee stings, but is not devoided of risks of anaphylaxis. Safer methods of immunotherapy need to be developed. OBJECTIVE To delineate phospholipase A2 T-cell epitopes using short 15mer vs long 40-60mer overlapping peptides, and to approach the potential interest of a venom immunotherapy based on the use of long peptides (1-60, 51-99, 90-134) mapping the whole phospholipase A2 molecule vs a restricted number of immunodominant epitopes. METHODS Proliferation of a CD8+ T cell depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction and short-term T-cell lines from unselected bee venom hypersensitive patients in response to phospholipase A2 synthetic peptides. RESULTS Whereas T-cell proliferation to 15mer overlapping peptides was weak, T-cell response to long overlapping peptides was in contrast vigorous in all patients, mostly directed to C-terminal peptide 90-134. Our results did not support the concept of rare dominant T-cell epitopes, and disclosed T-cell responses to multiple epitopes in several patients. No significant IgE-binding to long overlapping peptides was detected except in one patient against peptide 90-134. CONCLUSION 15mer peptides might not be sensitive enough to fully delineate all potential T-cell epitopes scattered along the allergen. Since they do not bind IgE in vitro or only weakly, and taking into account a T-cell response frequently directed to multiple epitopes, long overlapping peptides may represent ideal tools for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kämmerer
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Cao Y, Yang M, Luo Z, Mohapatra SS. Vaccination with a multi-epitopic recombinant allergen induces specific immune deviation via T-cell anergy. Immunol Suppl 1997; 90:46-51. [PMID: 9038711 PMCID: PMC1456710 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccination has recently emerged as a major paradigm toward the prevention and therapy of allergies and asthma; however, the immunological basis of this approach remains to be elucidated. We examined the potential and mechanism of prophylaxis of allergic response in B6D2F1 mice with a multi-epitopic recombinant allergen, rKBG8.3 (MERA-8.3), which represents a major group of allergens of grass pollens, used herein as a model of MERA vaccine. Vaccination (subcutaneous) with soluble MERA-8.3, prior to immunization with the MERA-8.3 in alum, led to suppression of the IgE antibody response and a concomitant increase in IgG2a antibody response specific to the MERA-8.3 in a dose-dependent manner. Analysis of cytokine patterns in spleen and lymph node cells revealed a marked decrease of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 production and to a lesser extent a decrease of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) synthesis, resulting in an increased ratio of IFN-gamma: IL-4 in vaccinated-immunized mice compared with untreated-immunized control mice. Furthermore, splenocytes of mice treated with the MERA-8.3 alone proliferated to MERA-8.3 in vitro with reduced capacity compared with the splenocytes of MERA-8.3-alum immunized mice, owing to a markedly reduced level of IL-2 production in the former. Collectively, these results suggest that vaccination with the MERA-8.3 induces T-cell anergy, which is pivotal to deviation of specific immunity from Th2- to Th1-like, and may serve as an important approach to prevention and therapy of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cao
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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24
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Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC DISEASES. Radiol Clin North Am 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(22)00231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S. APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC DISEASES. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8561(05)70262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Smith AM, Chapman MD. Reduction in IgE binding to allergen variants generated by site-directed mutagenesis: contribution of disulfide bonds to the antigenic structure of the major house dust mite allergen Der p 2. Mol Immunol 1996; 33:399-405. [PMID: 8676891 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(95)00150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Site-directed mutagenesis was used to investigate the contribution of disulfide bonds to the antigenic structure of Der p 2. Single amino acid variants were generated at cysteine residues, preventing the formation of disulfide bonds at positions 21-27, 73-78, and 8-119. The variants were tested for binding to murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and human IgE antibodies (Ab) in an inhibition enzyme immunoassay. Removal of the disulfide linking the amino-carboxy termini (C8-C119) had no effect on mAb binding, however, IgE Ab binding was reduced by up to 10-fold. The other two disulfides form small loops and disruption of these bonds gave different binding patterns. The variant lacking the C21-C27 bond showed up to a 40-fold reduction in antibody binding, while the variant lacking the C73-C78 bond showed more than a 100-fold reduction in IgE Ab binding and failed to bind 3 of 4 mAb. Intradermal skin testing with the C73-C78 variant supported the in vitro findings; the variant was 10 to 100-fold less reactive than rDer p 2. These two bonds thus make markedly different contributions to stabilizing the antigenic determinants of Der p 2. The results suggest that the C73-C78 bond plays a critical role in stabilizing the antigenic structure of this major mite allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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27
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Eigenmann PA, Huang SK, Sampson HA. Characterization of ovomucoid-specific T-cell lines and clones from egg-allergic subjects. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1996; 7:12-21. [PMID: 8792379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.1996.tb00100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of allergic reactions, T cells and cytokines play a major role. However, characterizations of food allergen-specific T cells are very limited. In this study, we screened the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 14 patients for reactivity to ovomucoid (Gal d I), the major hen's egg allergen, and ovalbumin (Gal d II). Cell lines and clones specific to ovomucoid were generated from PBMC of four egg-allergic subjects, in order to study antigen domain specificity and cell cytokine production profiles. The results demonstrated, firstly, that egg-allergic patients respond to ovomucoid rather than to ovalbumin, and, secondly, that antigen specificity is predominantly directed toward the second and third domains of ovomucoid. The T-cell cytokine message was characterized by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cell lines and clones from all four patients consistently expressed interleukin (IL)-5. IL-4, IL-13, and interferon-gamma were found to be expressed only by certain lines or clones. This observation suggests a central pathogenic role for IL-5 in food allergy-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Eigenmann
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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28
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Wallner BP, Luqman M. Immunomodulation with T cell reactive peptides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 409:231-40. [PMID: 9095247 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5855-2_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B P Wallner
- ImmuLogic Pharmaceutical Corporation, Waltham, Massachusetts 02154, USA
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29
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Kraft D. Diagnostic and therapeutic use of recombinant allergens. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 409:471-4. [PMID: 9095283 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5855-2_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Kraft
- Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, University of Vienna Medical School, Austria
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30
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Schenk S, Breiteneder H, Susani M, Najafian N, Laffer S, Duchêne M, Valenta R, Fischer G, Scheiner O, Kraft D, Ebner C. T cell epitopes of Phl p 1, major pollen allergen of timothy grass (Phleum pratense). Crossreactivity with group I allergens of different grasses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 409:141-6. [PMID: 9095234 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5855-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Schenk
- Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, University of Vienna, Austria
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31
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Bousquet J, Des Roches A, Paradis L. Clinical use of recombinant allergens and epitopes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 409:463-9. [PMID: 9095282 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5855-2_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Bousquet
- Clinique des Maladies Respiratoires, Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Montpellier, France
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32
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Schenk S, Breiteneder H, Susani M, Najafian N, Laffer S, Duchêne M, Valenta R, Fischer G, Scheiner O, Kraft D. T-cell epitopes of Phl p 1, major pollen allergen of timothy grass (Phleum pratense): evidence for crossreacting and non-crossreacting T-cell epitopes within grass group I allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 96:986-96. [PMID: 8543758 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(95)70237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of peptides representing T-cell epitopes of allergens is a modern concept for improvement of specific immunotherapy. A prerequisite for this approach is the identification of T-cell epitopes of atopic allergens. METHODS T-cell lines and 40 T-cell clones (TCC) specific for Phl p 1, the group I allergen of timothy grass (Phleum pratense), were established from the peripheral blood of nine patients allergic to grass pollen and mapped for epitope specificity by using overlapping dodecapeptides. Phenotype and cytokine production profile of TCC were investigated. Representative TCC were analyzed for HLA-restriction, T-cell receptor V beta gene usage, and crossreactivity with grass pollen extracts from Dactylis glomerata, Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne, Secale cereale, and selected amino acid sequence-derived peptides. RESULTS Patients displayed IgE binding to all grass species investigated. Forty TCC were established. Fifteen T-cell epitopes could be identified on Phl p 1. Of 40 TCC, 39 displayed the helper cell (Th) phenotype; one clone was CD8+. Specific stimulation induced a Th2-like type of cytokine production in 20 of 39 TCC. Crossreactivity studies revealed crossreacting and non-crossreacting T-cell epitopes. CONCLUSION Phl p 1, a major grass pollen allergen, harbors multiple T-cell epitopes. Species-specific and crossreacting T-cell epitopes exist among group I allergens of grasses. Epitope recognition patterns could not be correlated with particular HLA haplotypes. A restricted T-cell receptor V beta gene usage was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schenk
- Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, University of Vienna, Austria
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33
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Gordon BR. Future immunotherapy: what lies ahead? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1995; 113:603-5. [PMID: 7478651 DOI: 10.1177/019459989511300512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There is currently great interest in developing improved methods of immunotherapy and new techniques of immune system manipulation to ameliorate allergic diseases. This article reviews current research trends in the immunologic treatment of allergy, including the use of chemically modified allergens, nonparenteral allergen exposure, sustained-release allergen delivery, anti-immunoglobulin E antibodies, gamma-globulin, immune complexes, cytokines, and T-cell-tolerogenic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Gordon
- Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, USA
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Stewart
- Department of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- O Scheiner
- Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, University of Vienna, Austria
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36
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Chapman MD, Smith AM, Slunt JB, Vailes LD, Arruda LK. Immunochemical and molecular methods for defining and measuring indoor allergens: in dust and air. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1995; 6 Suppl 7:8-12. [PMID: 8574324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.1995.tb00378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M D Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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