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Hung L, Zientara B, Berin MC. Contribution of T cell subsets to different food allergic diseases. Immunol Rev 2024; 326:35-47. [PMID: 39054597 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Food allergies occur due to a lack of tolerance to the proteins found in foods. While IgE- and non-IgE-mediated food allergies have different clinical manifestations, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management, they share dysregulated T cell responses. Recent studies have shed light on the contributions of different T cell subsets to the development and persistence of different food allergic diseases. This review discusses the role of T cells in both IgE- and non-IgE-mediated food allergies and considers the potential future investigations in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hung
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brianna Zientara
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Yue W, Huang S, Ye L, Fan Y, Chen J, Li L, Wu X. Reducing the Allergenicity of β-Lactoglobulin by Covalent Modification with Different Contents of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG): In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17549-17558. [PMID: 39054671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
β-Lactoglobulin (βLG) is a major allergen in bovine milk protein. This study was designed to investigate changes in βLG structure, digestibility, and allergenicity induced by covalent binding modification with different contents of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG). The reaction of EGCG conjugation with βLG reached saturation at a molar ratio of 1:60 βLG:EGCG. Conjugation with EGCG altered the βLG structure, decreased IgE-binding capacity, and increased digestibility in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo studies showed that covalent conjugation with EGCG can reduce βLG-induced allergic symptoms with reducing levels of IgE, histamine, and mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) and the percentage of sensitized mast cells. Allergenicity was reduced more effectively in saturated βLG-EGCG conjugates compared to semisaturated conjugates. Observed changes in IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and TGF-β levels suggested that βLG-EGCG conjugates were able to promote Th1/Th2 immune balance. These findings further our understanding of the relationship between the degree of polyphenol conjugation and the allergenicity of food allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Yue
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Songyuan Huang
- Medical School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Liying Ye
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Yuting Fan
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Liuying Li
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
| | - Xuli Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518060, PR China
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Xu Y, Wang H, Mu G, Zhu X. Allergenicity evaluation of fermented milk prepared by co-fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum 7-2 and commercial starters after in vitro digestive. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100911. [PMID: 38144817 PMCID: PMC10740112 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk allergy is one of the most common food allergies, in which αS-casein is the major milk allergen. Under optimized conditions, mixed starter (containing Lactobacillus plantarum 7-2 and commercial starter) effectively degraded αS-casein of skimmed milk and reduced the pressure of stomach digestion. The fermented milk prepared by mixed starter was determined by ELISA, the antigenicity of αS-casein was reduced by 77.53%. Compared with the fermented milk prepared by commercial starter, label-free quantitative proteomics demonstrated that the mixed starter more efficiently degraded the epitopes of major milk allergens and influenced the digestion pattern of the fermented milk. Therefore, L. plantarum 7-2 shows positive potential in reducing the antigenicity of αS-casein and others. In addition, this study predicted that the new epitopes produced in the fermentation process could induce immunity using molecular simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
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Baghlaf MA, Eid NM, Enani S, Kokandi S, Alhussaini B, Waked MS. Prevalence and Risk Factors for IgE and IgG Cow's Milk Protein Allergies in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e50812. [PMID: 38125695 PMCID: PMC10730981 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk protein allergies (CMPAs) particularly occur in infancy and early childhood due to an immunological allergic reaction to milk proteins. This issue is increasing in Saudi Arabia and requires research to improve health status and provide alternatives. Our study aims to investigate the important aspects of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG CMPA in Saudi Arabia regarding its prevalence and association with demographic and health-related factors in both adult and pediatric populations. A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 376 patients, comprising 314 adults aged between 19 and 86 years, and 62 pediatric patients aged between one and 12 years. The study focused on individuals who attended a private medical center in Jeddah city over the past five years. Laboratory results for food allergy of IgE and IgG tests, including cow's milk proteins (CMPs), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), specific IgE inhalant allergy results, and other health-related factors were collected from an electronic record system. Results have shown that casein was the most common sensitizing allergen of CMPs in adults, whereas α-lactalbumin was the most common sensitizing allergen in pediatrics. The most frequent sensitizing allergen in IgG CMP was cow's milk in 54/92 (58.7%) adults, followed by cow's sour milk products 41 (44.6%). Cow's milk was the most common sensitizing allergen in 20/20 (100%) children. The rate of CMPA was significantly higher in children younger than five years old (P =0.003), while children who interacted with pets had a marginal significantly reduced rate (P = 0.054). Thus, cow's milk is the most sensitizing allergen in IgG CMPs in adults and pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashail A Baghlaf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Noura M Eid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Sumia Enani
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Unit, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Samia Kokandi
- Department of Nutrition, International Medical Center, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Bakr Alhussaini
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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El-Shafie AM, Omar ZA, El Zefzaf HMS, Basma EM, Al Sabbagh NM, Bahbah WA. Evaluation of Cow's Milk Related Symptom Score [CoMiSS] accuracy in cow's milk allergy diagnosis. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:987-995. [PMID: 36871030 PMCID: PMC10444607 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) is an awareness tool to recognize cow's milk allergy (CMA) symptoms in infants. We aimed to assess the best cut-off point of CoMiSS in our country and investigate other parameters suggested to raise the strength of CoMiSS in CMA diagnosis. METHODS We enrolled 100 infants with CMA-suggestive symptoms with documentation of CoMiSS initially and 4 weeks after cow milk-free diet (CMFD) followed by an open food challenge (OFC) test. Infants with symptom recurrence upon challenge were diagnosed with confirmed CMA. RESULTS Initial mean CoMiSS was 15.76 ± 5.29, being higher in the confirmed CMA group (84% of infants). Following CMFD, median CoMiSS significantly reduced to 1.5 in the confirmed CMA group compared to 6.5 in the negative group. Receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve identified a CoMiSS score of ≥12 as the best cut-off value with 76.19% sensitivity, 62.50% specificity and overall accuracy of 74.00%. Mucoid stool, bloody stool and faltering growth were reported in 80, 41 and 52% of confirmed CMA infants, respectively, with considerable improvement following CMFD. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed a CoMiSS score of ≥12 to be the best cut-off point. However, CoMiSS cannot be used alone for accurate diagnosis of CMA. IMPACT CoMiSS ≥12 can predict a positive response to CMFD; nevertheless, CoMiSS is a good awareness tool and cannot be regarded as a stand-alone CMA diagnostic test. CoMiSS reduction following CMFD was predictive of a reaction to OFC to diagnose CMA as well as for monitoring symptom improvement. Symptoms commonly associated with CMA as mucoid stool, bloody stool, marked abdominal distention not responding to medical treatment and faltering growth, in addition to their improvements in response to CMA are suggested parameters to be added to CoMiSS to improve its accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M El-Shafie
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Zein A Omar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Heba M S El Zefzaf
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
| | - Elsayedamr M Basma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Statistics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nahla M Al Sabbagh
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Wael A Bahbah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Xu K, Phue WH, Basu N, George S. The potential of dietary nanoparticles to enhance allergenicity of milk proteins: an in vitro investigation. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:625-638. [PMID: 37157183 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the popularity of dietary nanoparticles (NPs) in the food industry as additives has raised concerns because of the lack of knowledge about potential adverse health outcomes ensuing from the interactions of NPs with components of the food matrix and gastrointestinal system. In this study, we used a transwell culture system that consisted of human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells in the apical insert and Laboratory of Allergic Diseases 2 mast cells in the basal compartment to study the effect of NPs on milk allergen delivery across the epithelial layer, mast cell responses and signaling between epithelial and mast cells in allergenic inflammation. A library of dietary particles (silicon dioxide NPs, titanium dioxide NPs and silver NPs) that varied in particle size, surface chemistry and crystal structures with or without pre-exposure to milk was used in this investigation. Milk-interacted particles were found to acquire surface corona and increased the bioavailability of milk allergens (casein and β-lactoglobulin) across the intestinal epithelial layer. The signaling between epithelial cells and mast cells resulted in significant changes in the early phase and late-phase activation of the mast cells. This study suggested that antigen challenge in mast cells with the presence of dietary NPs may cause the transition of allergic responses from an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent mechanism to a mixed mechanism (both IgE-dependent and IgE-independent mechanisms).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Wut Hmone Phue
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Saji George
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Matsubara T, Ishikawa F, Inuo C, Fujita M, Tsukahara A, Koyama T, Iwamoto H, Miyaji K. Allergenicity of partially hydrolyzed whey and casein formulas evaluated by ImmunoCAP inhibition assay and basophil activation test. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1207924. [PMID: 37546176 PMCID: PMC10403286 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1207924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background When exclusive breastfeeding is not possible, partially hydrolyzed formula (PHF) is often used as a starter formula for infants. Some children develop allergic symptoms, including anaphylaxis, after the first intake of cow protein. Therefore, the tolerability of PHF in infants with cow's milk allergy (CMA) is important information. Partially hydrolyzed whey formula (PHWF) is well characterized, but those containing both whey and casein are also available. We evaluated the characteristics of two whey and casein PHFs, PHF1 and PHF2, in vitro and ex vivo, and compared them with a PHWF, PHWF1. Methods Residual antigenicity of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and casein in the formulas was measured using ELISA. The molecular weight profile was determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography. IgE reactivity and allergenic activity of the formulas were evaluated by ImmunoCAP inhibition assay and by basophil activation test using blood from patients with CMA, respectively. Results All the participants (n = 10) had casein-specific IgE. The antigenicity of β-LG in PHF1 was similar to that in PHWF1, but it was slightly higher than that in PHWF1 for casein. PHF1 had a higher IgE reactivity than PHWF1. However, PHF1 and PHWF1 had a similar ability to activate basophils. PHF2 had lower antigenicity of casein and β-LG, IgE reactivity and basophil activation than PHWF1. Conclusion These results suggest that the tolerability of PHF1 and PHF2 in patients with CMA is similar to and higher than that of PHWF1, respectively, and that the degree of IgE binding to PHFs does not necessarily correspond to basophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsubara
- Health Care & Nutrition Science Institute, R&D Section, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fuka Ishikawa
- Health Care & Nutrition Science Institute, R&D Section, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chisato Inuo
- Department of Allergy, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Allergy, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayumi Tsukahara
- Department of Allergy, Kanagawa Children’s Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Koyama
- Health Care & Nutrition Science Institute, R&D Section, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Health Care & Nutrition Science Institute, R&D Section, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Miyaji
- Health Care & Nutrition Science Institute, R&D Section, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa, Japan
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Seppo AE, Jackson CM, Järvinen KM. The role of IgA in food allergy remains elusive-timing is everything? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1481-1483. [PMID: 36905964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antti E Seppo
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Courtney M Jackson
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.
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Tao X, Chen C, Li Y, Qin X, Zhang H, Hu Y, Liu Z, Guo X, Liu G. Improving the antioxidant activity, in vitro digestibility and reducing the allergenicity of whey protein isolate by glycosylation with short-chain inulin and interaction with cyanidin-3-glucoside. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Di Filippo P, Venanzi A, Ciarelli F, Panetti B, Di Pillo S, Chiarelli F, Attanasi M. Drug-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097880. [PMID: 37175584 PMCID: PMC10178722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (DIES) is a drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction non-IgE mediated involving the gastrointestinal system that occurs 2 to 4 h after drug administration. Antibiotics, specifically amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate, represent the most frequent drugs involved. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, pallor, lethargy, and dehydration, which can be severe and result in hypovolemic shock. The main laboratory finding is neutrophilic leukocytosis. To the best of our knowledge, 12 cases of DIES (9 children-onset and 3 adult-onset cases) were described in the literature. DIES is a rare clinically well-described allergic disease; however, the pathogenetic mechanism is still unclear. It requires to be recognized early and correctly treated by physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Filippo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Beatrice Panetti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sabrina Di Pillo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Marina Attanasi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Immunoproteomics of cow's milk allergy in Mexican pediatric patients. J Proteomics 2023; 273:104809. [PMID: 36587729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immunological mechanisms of non-IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) are not well understood. Such a circumstance requires attention with the aim of discovering new biomarkers that could lead to better diagnostic assays for early treatment. Here, we sought both to investigate the mechanism that underlies non-IgE-mediated CMPA and to identify cow's milk immunoreactive proteins in a Mexican pediatric patient group (n = 34). Hence, we determined the IgE and IgG1-4 subclass antibody levels against cow's milk proteins (CMP) by ELISA. Then, we performed 2D-Immunoblots using as first antibody immunoglobulins in the patients'serum that bound specifically against CMP together with CMP enrichment by ion-exchange chromatography. Immunoreactive proteins were identified by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. The serological test confirmed absence of specific IgE in the CMPA patients but showed significant increase in antigen-specific IgG1. Additionally, we identified 11 proteins that specifically bound to IgG1. We conclude that the detection of specific IgG1 together with an immunoproteomics approach is highly relevant to the understanding of CMPA's physiopathology and as a possible aid in making a prognosis since current evidence indicates IgG1 occurrence as an early signal of potential risk toward development of IgE-mediated food allergy. SIGNIFICANCE: Allergies are one of the most studied topics in the field of public health and novel protein allergens are found each year. Discovery of new principal and regional allergens has remarkable repercussions in precise molecular diagnostics, prognostics, and more specific immunotherapies. In this context, specific IgE is widely known to mediate physiopathology; however, allergies whose mechanism does not involve this immunoglobulin are poorly understood although their incidence has increased. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment are delayed with significant consequences on the health of pediatric patients. The study of type and subtypes of immunoglobulins associated with the immunoreactivity of cow's milk proteins together with an immunoproteomics approach allows better comprehension of physiopathology, brings the opportunity to discover new potential cow's milk protein allergens and may help in prognosis prediction (IgG1 occurrence as an early signal of possible risk toward development of IgE-mediated food allergy).
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Radomirovic M, Minic S, Stanic-Vucinic D, Nikolic M, Van Haute S, Rajkovic A, Cirkovic Velickovic T. Phycocyanobilin-modified β-lactoglobulin exhibits increased antioxidant properties and stability to digestion and heating. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Zhang S, Sicherer S, Berin MC, Agyemang A. Pathophysiology of Non-IgE-Mediated Food Allergy. Immunotargets Ther 2022; 10:431-446. [PMID: 35004389 PMCID: PMC8721028 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s284821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-IgE-mediated food allergies are a group of disorders characterized by subacute or chronic inflammatory processes in the gut. Unlike IgE mediated food allergies that may result in multi-organ system anaphylaxis, the non-IgE mediated food allergies primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract. This review outlines the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of non-IgE-mediated food allergies. An updated literature search of selected non-IgE-mediated food allergies was conducted for this review using PubMed database to the current year (2021). Reviewed disorders include food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), food-protein enteropathy (FPE), food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) such as eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). While extensive gains have been made in understanding FPIES, FPIAP, FPE, and EoE, more information is needed on the pathophysiology of these food allergies. Similarities among them include involvement of innate immunity, T-lymphocyte processes, alteration of the intestinal lumen at the cellular level with the appearance of inflammatory cells and associated histologic changes, and specific cytokine profiles suggesting food-specific, T-cell, and immune-mediated responses. While FPIES and FPIAP typically resolve in early childhood, EGIDs typically do not. Emerging new therapies for EoE offer promise of additional treatment options. Further studies identifying the immunopathogenesis, associated biomarkers, and mechanisms of tolerance are needed to inform prevention, diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouling Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Kravis Children's Hospital, The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Sicherer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Kravis Children's Hospital, The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Kravis Children's Hospital, The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Agyemang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Kravis Children's Hospital, The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Zhao C, Chen L, Gao J. The challenging diagnosis of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: A case report series. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:913278. [PMID: 36204669 PMCID: PMC9531772 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.913278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a type of non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy. However, in addition to vomiting and diarrhea, IgE-mediated skin or respiratory symptoms may be comorbidities in some patients with FPIES. We described four unusual cases of neonates with FPIES, whose clinical presentations were variable and misleading. All patients experienced vomiting, diarrhea or other gastrointestinal symptoms, and three of them developed IgE-mediated food allergy. Case 1 was admitted to the hospital with convulsions and then developed severe sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-like appearance. Case 2 was wrongly diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson syndrome due to a severe extravasation rash of the skin and mucous membranes and a systemic inflammatory response. There was unexplained cholestasis in case 3, which might be attributed to food allergy. Asymptomatic elevation of C-reactive protein was the only hint at early-stage FPIES in case 4. Moreover, there were increased serum food-specific IgG values in three of the above cases. After eliminating the offending food, all of the above clinical manifestations rapidly improved in the four cases; thus, we believe that the most correct diagnosis in the described four cases was FPIES. This case report series should further draw clinicians' attention to FPIES with variable and atypical symptoms. The usefulness of IgG levels in identifying the presence of FPIES is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinzhi Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Baghlaf MA, Eid NMS. Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestation, Diagnosis Aspects and Nutrition Therapy in Relation to both IgE and IgG Cow’s Milk Protein Allergies among a Population of Saudi Arabia: A Literature Review. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.9.2.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cow milk protein allergy (CMPA) becoming a major public health issue that has attracted the attention of health professionals and researchers. This paper aimed to review the important aspects of both IgE and IgG types of cow’s milk protein allergy in terms of prevalence, clinical manifestation, risk factors, other health-related issues and nutritional therapy proposed for such allergies in the adult and pediatric population in Saudi Arabia. A search on “cow’s milk allergy” was done using PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus Engine for published papers between 1993 and 2020 to find studies yielding knowledge on that context. The prevalence of cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) among infants is now in the range of 2–3%. This type of allergy is also detected in adulthood but less frequently. CMPA is defined as an immunological reaction to specific proteins in milk. CMPA is classified based on its type as an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated form and an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated form, each type representing different immunological pathways. The presence of Genetic aspects, family history and short duration of breastfeeding in the infant are among the risk factors contributing to this form of allergy. Its manifestations mainly present as skin presentation, followed by the gastrointestinal and respiratory presentation in most cases in addition to a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction that may occur in 12% of cases. food allergy committees have developed strict diagnosis criteria, including blood testing for food-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE), a skin prick test and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) as the gold standard. A diet free of cow’s milk protein (CMP) allergen and including the appropriate alternative milk formula is the first line of prevention recommended by many organizations and food allergy experts. As for Saudi Arabia, more research and clinical trials are required to discuss the various aspects of adult and pediatric CMPA and to provide a better understanding along with good control strategies implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashail A Baghlaf
- 1Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura M S Eid
- 2Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Berin MC, Mehr S. Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 8:24-35. [PMID: 31950904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy that manifests with projectile, repetitive emesis that can be followed by diarrhea and may be accompanied by lethargy, hypotonia, hypothermia, hypotension, and metabolic derangements. FPIES usually starts in infancy although onset at older ages is being increasingly recognized. FPIES is not rare, with the cumulative incidence of FPIES in infants estimated to be 0.015% to 0.7%, whereas the population prevalence in the US infants was 0.51%. FPIES diagnosis is challenging and might be missed because of later (1-4 hours) onset of symptoms after food ingestion, lack of typical allergic skin and respiratory symptoms, and food triggers that are perceived to be hypoallergenic. Diagnosis is based on the recognition of symptoms because there are no biomarkers of FPIES. The pathophysiology remains obscure although activation of the innate immune compartment has been detected. Management relies of avoidance of food triggers, treatment of accidental exposures, and periodic re-evaluations with supervised oral food challenges to monitor for resolution. There are no strategies to accelerate development of tolerance in FPIES. Here we review the most important current concepts in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of FPIES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - M Cecilia Berin
- Precision Immunology Institute, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Sam Mehr
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Shao YH, Zhang Y, Liu J, Tu ZC. Investigation into predominant peptide and potential allergenicity of ultrasonicated β-lactoglobulin digestion products. Food Chem 2021; 361:130099. [PMID: 34029892 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of ultrasonicated β-lactoglobulin on the allergenic potential of predominant peptide was studied in vitro digestion. Gastrointestinal (GI) digestion of ultrasonicated β-lg was fractionated into four fractions, which have different molecular weight and allergenic potentials. The lowest allergenicity of fraction was produced by ultrasonicated β-Lg after GI digestion, depending on the changes in the structure of β-Lg by ultrasonic and the promotion of its proteolysis, resulting in the production of numerous small peptides with significantly reduced IgE activity and basophil histamine release. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that ultrasonic can promote the further hydrolysis of large intermediate peptides, Y42, L54, L57/L58, L95, L104/F105, L122 were target residues that became more available to protease by the pretreatment of ultrasonic, thus have a smaller molecular weight with reduced allergenic potential. Ultrasonic processing of milk products alone could reduce the risk of an allergenic reaction in milk allergy patients to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Shao
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Zong-Cai Tu
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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18
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Berin MC. Advances in understanding immune mechanisms of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021; 126:478-481. [PMID: 33548465 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the mechanisms of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). DATA SOURCES To capture recent articles published since our previous comprehensive review on the pathophysiology of FPIES, we performed a literature search through PubMed database, using the search terms FPIES and food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome from 2016 to the current year. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies in English containing biomarker or immune data were reviewed and summarized. RESULTS Studies of peripheral blood fail to exhibit evidence of antigen-specific humoral or cellular immunity underlying clinical reactivity to foods in FPIES. However, growing evidence suggests a robust systemic innate immune activation occurring during FPIES reactions and the activation of neuroendocrine pathways. CONCLUSION FPIES reactions are associated with marked activation of innate immune and neuroendocrine pathways; however, the mechanism underlying the specific recognition of foods remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cecilia Berin
- Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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19
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Expression of Leucine-rich Repeat-containing Protein 32 Following Lymphocyte Stimulation in Patients with Non-IgE-mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergies. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 93:645-655. [PMID: 33380925 PMCID: PMC7757073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) facilitates the diagnosis of non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergies (non-IgE-GI-FAs). However, LSTs require large volumes of blood and prolonged culture durations. Recently, we found that IL2RA mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with non-IgE-GI-FAs increased after a 24 h stimulation with milk proteins. We designated this gene expression test as the instant peripheral blood allergen stimulation test (iPAST). In this study, we investigated whether other activated T cell-associated genes are superior to IL2RA in the iPAST for the supplementary diagnosis of non-IgE-GI-FAs. After incubating PBMCs with milk proteins for 24 h, the mRNA levels of three genes, LRRC32, TNFRSF4, and CD69, were assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. The diagnostic significance of the mRNA expression was evaluated by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Upon stimulation with α-casein, κ-casein, α-lactalbumin, or a mixture of four milk protein components (Pmix), LRRC32 expression in the PBMCs of 16 patients with non-IgE-GI-FAs was found to be higher than that in their 17 control counterparts, whereas TNFRSF4 and CD69 levels remained unaltered. Except for β-lactoglobulin and cow's milk (CM), the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for LRRC32 mRNA expression upon stimulation was >0.7, which validated the diagnostic ability of this test. Notably, α-casein and Pmix had higher AUC scores of 0.820 and 0.842, respectively, than other antigens. iPAST assessed by LRRC32 as well as IL2RA may be useful for the supplementary diagnosis of non-IgE-GI-FAs as an alternative to LSTs and provide insight into the pathogenesis of non-IgE-GI-FAs.
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20
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Liu J, Chen WM, Shao YH, Liu YP, Tu ZC. Improved antitumor activity and IgE/IgG-binding ability of α-Lactalbumin/β-lactoglobulin induced by ultrasonication prior to binding with oleic acid. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13502. [PMID: 33025647 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bovine α-lactalbumin (α-La)/β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) was pretreated through ultrasonic treatment and subsequently binding with oleic acid (OA) by heat treatment. And, the antitumor activity, IgE/IgG-binding ability, and structural modifications were investigated. After α-La/β-Lg were treated by ultrasonic prior to binding with OA, the treated α-La/β-Lg showed high antitumor activity and IgE/IgG-binding ability, and significantly affected the structural modifications, which reflected by the reduction in α-helix content, the increase of molecular weight, intrinsic fluorescence intensity, and surface hydrophobicity. Molecular docking studies indicated that OA bound to α-La/β-Lg by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction. Therefore, ultrasonic prior to binding with OA could improve antitumor activity and IgE/IgG-binding ability of α-La/β-Lg as a result of structural modifications. And, ultrasonic prior to binding with fatty acid processing of milk products alone may increase the antitumor activity, this change may enhance the risk of an allergenic reaction in milk allergy patients to some extent. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Fatty acids, natural ligands associated with the bovine milk proteins, and milk protein-fatty acid complex has a variety of functional applications in the food industry. This study revealed that antitumor activity, IgE/IgG-binding ability, and structural modifications of α-La/β-Lg induced by ultrasonic prior to binding with oleic acid. It will be beneficial to understand the mechanism of the functional changes of protein. Ultrasonic prior to binding with oleic acid will be more likely to develop a practical technology to improve the functional characteristics of milk protein and design the optimal nutritional performance of milk food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- National Research and Development center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen-Mei Chen
- National Research and Development center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan-Hong Shao
- National Research and Development center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying-Ping Liu
- National Research and Development center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zong-Cai Tu
- National Research and Development center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.,Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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21
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Shao YH, Zhang Y, Zhu MF, Liu J, Tu ZC. Glycation of β-lactoglobulin combined by sonication pretreatment reduce its allergenic potential. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1527-1535. [PMID: 32738325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) was treated through different ultrasonic power and subsequently glycated with galactose to investigate its structural changes and immunological properties, and then evaluated by high-resolution mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and basophil histamine release test. Ultrasonication combined with glycation (UCG) modification significantly reduced the IgE/IgG-binding capacity, and the release of β-hexosaminidase, histamine and interleukin-6, accompanied with changes in the secondary and tertiary structures. The decrease in the allergenicity of β-Lg depended not only on the glycation of K47, 60, 83, 91 and 135 within the linear epitopes, but also on the denaturation of conformational epitopes, which was supported by the glycation-induced alterations of the secondary and tertiary structures. This study confirmed that UCG modification is a promising method for decreasing the allergenic potential of allergic proteins, which is likely to develop a practical technology to produce hypo-allergenic milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Shao
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-Value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-Value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Min-Fang Zhu
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-Value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-Value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China.
| | - Zong-Cai Tu
- National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; Engineering Research Center of Freshwater Fish High-Value Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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22
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Labrosse R, Graham F, Caubet JC. Non-IgE-Mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergies in Children: An Update. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072086. [PMID: 32674427 PMCID: PMC7400851 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-immunoglobulin E-mediated gastrointestinal food allergic disorders (non-IgE-GI-FA) include food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), food protein-induced enteropathy (FPE) and food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), which present with symptoms of variable severity, affecting the gastrointestinal tract in response to specific dietary antigens. The diagnosis of non-IgE-GI-FA is made clinically, and relies on a constellation of typical symptoms that improve upon removal of the culprit food. When possible, food reintroduction should be attempted, with the documentation of symptoms relapse to establish a conclusive diagnosis. Management includes dietary avoidance, nutritional counselling, and supportive measures in the case of accidental exposure. The prognosis is generally favorable, with the majority of cases resolved before school age. Serial follow-up to establish whether the acquisition of tolerance has occurred is therefore essential in order to avoid unnecessary food restriction and potential consequent nutritional deficiencies. The purpose of this review is to delineate the distinctive clinical features of non-IgE-mediated food allergies presenting with gastrointestinal symptomatology, to summarize our current understanding of the pathogenesis driving these diseases, to discuss recent findings, and to address currents gaps in the knowledge, to guide future management opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane Labrosse
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
| | - François Graham
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l’Universite de Montreal (CHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Pediatric Allergy Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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23
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Interleukin 2 receptor-α expression after lymphocyte stimulation for non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergies. Allergol Int 2020; 69:287-289. [PMID: 31917093 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Kawamoto N, Kaneko H, Kawamoto M, Ohnishi H, Matsui E, Teramoto T, Kato Z, Fukao T, Ueno HM, Nakano T, Kondo N. Oral immunotherapy with antigenicity-modified casein induces desensitization in cow's milk allergy. Allergy 2020; 75:197-200. [PMID: 31267547 DOI: 10.1111/all.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norio Kawamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan
| | - Hideo Kaneko
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Nagara Medical Center Gifu Japan
| | - Minako Kawamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan
| | - Eiko Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan
| | - Takahide Teramoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan
| | - Zenichiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukao
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan
| | - Hiroshi M. Ueno
- Research and Development Department Bean Stalk Snow Co, Ltd Kawagoe Japan
| | - Taku Nakano
- Research and Development Department Bean Stalk Snow Co, Ltd Kawagoe Japan
| | - Naomi Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan
- Heisei College of Health Sciences Gifu Japan
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Naito M, Yamada C, Matsuda T, Izumi H. Changes in Solubility, Allergenicity, and Digestibility of Cow's Milk Proteins in Baked Milk. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Naito
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Chikako Yamada
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Hidehiko Izumi
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences
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26
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Iwamoto H, Matsubara T, Okamoto T, Matsumoto T, Yoshikawa M, Takeda Y. Ingestion of Casein Hydrolysate Induces Oral Tolerance and Suppresses Subsequent Epicutaneous Sensitization and Development of Anaphylaxis Reaction to Casein in Mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 179:221-230. [DOI: 10.1159/000497410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ichimura S, Kakita H, Asai S, Mori M, Takeshita S, Ueda H, Muto T, Kondo T, Yamada Y. A Rare Case of Fetal Onset, Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome. Neonatology 2019; 116:376-379. [PMID: 31553974 DOI: 10.1159/000502717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy. The pathological mechanism of FPIES is intestinal inflammation, and cell-mediated hypersensitivity is presumed to play an important role in its development. CASE REPORT The first case in which significant fetal intestinal distension suggested fetal onset of FPIES is reported. A 2,334-g male was born at 34 weeks by vaginal delivery. RESULTS In utero, he had significant intestinal distension on ultrasonography and MRI. A few hours after the first feeding, he produced bloody stool and showed abdominal distension. In this case, FPIES was not only caused by cow's milk protein diagnosed clinically and by an allergen-specific lymphocyte stimulation test, but also by breast milk diagnosed by oral food challenge. The clinical course and laboratory results strongly suggested not only fetal sensitization but also fetal onset. CONCLUSION This report might be helpful for prompt diagnosis and treatment and, furthermore, lead to elucidation of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of FPIES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ichimura
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakita
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan,
| | - Shimpei Asai
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Mari Mori
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeshita
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ueda
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Taichiro Muto
- Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kondo
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Yamada
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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28
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Xiao N, Liu F, Zhou G, Sun M, Ai F, Liu Z. Food-specific IgGs Are Highly Increased in the Sera of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Are Clinically Relevant to the Pathogenesis. Intern Med 2018; 57:2787-2798. [PMID: 29780153 PMCID: PMC6207831 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9377-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Dietary antigens are common luminal antigens in the gastrointestinal tract and have been considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We analyzed the levels of food-specific IgGs against a variety of dietary antigens, explored the clinical relevance of food allergy to the pathogenesis of IBD, and investigated whether or not infliximab (IFX) treatment could regulate the immune responses induced by dietary antigens. Methods A total of 301 IBD patients, including 201 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 100 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), were recruited, and their serum food-specific IgGs against 14 food antigens were detected by a semi-quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Total serum IgG and IgE levels were measured by immunonephelometry and fluorescent enzyme immunoassay, respectively. Simultaneously, the relevant medical records and clinical data were collected for further analyses. Results Food-specific IgGs against egg, milk, wheat, corn, rice, tomato, codfish, and soybean antigens were found to be significantly increased in the sera of CD patients compared with UC patients and healthy controls (p<0.01). The levels of total serum IgG and IgE were also significantly higher in CD patients than in healthy controls (p<0.01). The titers of corn- and tomato-specific IgGs were found to be significantly correlated with total serum IgG in CD patients (p<0.05), while the titers of egg-, milk-, and wheat-specific IgGs were correlated with total serum IgE (p<0.05). Interestingly, IFX therapy was able to down-regulate the food-specific IgG-mediated immune response markedly in active CD patients. Conclusion Food-specific IgGs against egg, milk, wheat, corn, rice, tomato, codfish, and soybean are highly increased in the sera of CD patients. IFX treatment was able to down-regulate the levels of food-specific IgGs by suppressing intestinal inflammation and promoting mucosal healing. Therefore, food-specific IgGs may serve as an important approach in the diagnosis and management of food allergy in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanping Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth Clinical Medicine College of Nanjing Medical University, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sichuan Guangyuan First People's Hospital, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, China
| | - Guangxi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, China
| | - Fengfu Ai
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Linchuan district, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth Clinical Medicine College of Nanjing Medical University, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, China
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Adel-Patient K, Lezmi G, Castelli FA, Blanc S, Bernard H, Soulaines P, Dumond P, Ah-Leung S, Lageix F, de Boissieu D, Cortes-Perez N, Hazebrouck S, Fenaille F, Junot C, Dupont C. Deep analysis of immune response and metabolic signature in children with food protein induced enterocolitis to cow's milk. Clin Transl Allergy 2018; 8:38. [PMID: 30275944 PMCID: PMC6161449 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-018-0224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) is considered to be a non-IgE mediated food allergy. However, its pathogenesis remains poorly understood and biomarkers are lacking. We aimed to perform in-depth characterization of humoral and cellular immune responses in children with cow’s milk (CM)-FPIES and investigated whether there is a FPIES metabolomic signature. Methods Children with CM-FPIES and control subjects with an IgE-mediated CM allergy (IgE-CMA), both avoiding CM, were recruited on the day of an oral food challenge. Blood samples were collected before the challenge. Total and specific levels of IgE, IgG1-4, IgA, IgM and IgD to various whey and casein allergens and to their gastroduodenal digestion products were measured in plasma, using plasma from CM-tolerant peanut allergic patients (IgE-PA, not avoiding CM) as additional controls. Cytokine secretion and cellular proliferation were analyzed after stimulation of PBMC with different CM allergens. Metabolomic profiles were obtained for plasma samples using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. Results Nine children with CM-FPIES and 12 control subjects (6 IgE-CMA and 6 IgE-PA) were included. In children with CM-FPIES, total Ig concentrations were lower than in control subjects, specific Ig against CM components were weak to undetectable, and no specific IgE against CM digestion products were detected. Moreover, in CM-FPIES patients, we did not find any Th cell proliferation or associated cytokine secretion after allergen reactivation, whereas such responses were clearly found in children with IgE-CMA. Plasma metabolic profiles were different between CM allergic patients, with significantly lower concentrations of various fatty acids and higher concentrations of primary metabolites such as amino acids in CM-FPIES compared to IgE-CMA patients. Conclusions In CM-FPIES, both humoral and cellular specific immune responses are weak or absent, and this is not related to CM avoidance. A metabolomic signature was identified in patients with CM-FPIES that may be useful for the diagnosis and management of this disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13601-018-0224-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Adel-Patient
- 1Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Lezmi
- 2APHP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Florence Anne Castelli
- 1Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sibylle Blanc
- 2APHP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France.,Nice Pediatric Hospital, CHU Lenval, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Hervé Bernard
- 1Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascale Soulaines
- 2APHP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pascale Dumond
- 3Pediatric Allergology Service, Hôpital d'Enfants, 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Sandrine Ah-Leung
- 1Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florence Lageix
- 2APHP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Delphine de Boissieu
- 2APHP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Naima Cortes-Perez
- 1Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Hazebrouck
- 1Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- 1Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Junot
- 1Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), CEA, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Dupont
- 2APHP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, Université Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France
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Yang W, Tu Z, Wang H, Zhang L, Kaltashov IA, Zhao Y, Niu C, Yao H, Ye W. The mechanism of reduced IgG/IgE-binding of β-lactoglobulin by pulsed electric field pretreatment combined with glycation revealed by ECD/FTICR-MS. Food Funct 2018; 9:417-425. [PMID: 29220053 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bovine β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) is a major allergen existing in milk and causes about 90% of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergies. Previous studies showed that pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment could partially unfold the protein, which may contribute to the improvement of protein glycation. In this study, the effect of PEF pretreatment combined with glycation on the IgG/IgE-binding ability and the structure of β-Lg was investigated. The result showed that PEF pretreatment combined with glycation significantly reduced the IgG and IgE binding abilities, which was attributed to the changes of secondary and tertiary structure and the increase in glycation sites and degree of substitution per peptide (DSP) value determined by electron capture dissociation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ECD/FTICR-MS). Unexpectedly, glycation sites (K47, K91 and K135) added by two mannose molecules were identified in glycated β-Lg with PEF pretreatment. Moreover, the results indicated that PEF pretreatment at 25 kV cm-1 for 60 μs promoted the reduction of IgG/IgE-binding capacity by increasing the glycation degree of β-Lg, whereas single PEF treatment under the same conditions markedly enhanced the IgG/IgE-binding ability by partially unfolding the structure of β-Lg. The results suggested that ECD/FTICR-MS could help us to understand the mechanism of reduction in the IgG/IgE-binding of β-Lg by structural characterization at the molecular level. Therefore, PEF pretreatment combined with glycation may provide an alternative method for β-Lg desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330047, P. R. China.
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Li J, Zhang J, Qiong C, She T, Bian Y, Lin S, Li H. Component resolved diagnostic study of cow's milk allergy in infants and young children in northern China. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:126-131. [PMID: 29859469 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing dairy consumption in China has been accompanied by rising incidence of milk allergy. Here we analyzed profiles of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) against cow's milk proteins, and assessed their value for milk allergy diagnosis among infants and young children from northern China. METHODS Sera collected from 48 patients with milk allergy and 27 negative control subjects was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure sIgE to α-lactalbumin (Bos d 4), β-lactoglobulin (Bos d 5), α-casein (Bos d 9), β-casein (Bos d 11), and κ-casein (Bos d 12). RESULTS Among milk-allergic individuals, most were sensitized to at least one milk protein; about half were sensitized to Bos d 5, Bos d 9, Bos d 11 and Bos d 12, respectively, while few had positive serum sIgE against Bos d 4. Bos d 12 sIgE had the largest area under curve (AUC) (0.878; 95% CI, 0.800-0.957) and thus showed the best diagnostic performance in discriminating between milk-allergic and non-milk allergic patients, with a sensitivity of 92.6% and specificity of 72.9% using a statistically optimal cut-off value (OD450nm, 0.191). The combinations of Bos d 5 + Bos d 12 showed an AUC of 0.926, which was larger than for any individual components. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed inter-individual variation in the sensitization to different milk allergen component. Bos d 12 sIgE showed best performance in diagnosing milk allergy. Milk allergy diagnostic accuracy was further improved using combinations of milk allergen components by application of ROC curves based on logistic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpu Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuiya Qiong
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tiantian She
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Bian
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuxiang Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huiqiang Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES): Review of Recent Guidelines. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018; 18:28. [PMID: 29623454 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-018-0767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To increase understanding of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), a non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reaction to food, by reviewing a growing body of literature, including recently published international consensus guidelines. RECENT FINDINGS FPIES primarily affects infants and young children and is characterized by the delayed onset of gastrointestinal symptoms, predominantly repetitive vomiting, in response to a trigger food. Symptoms are often severe and can lead to shock. Diagnosis can be challenging due to a wide differential diagnoses and lack of disease biomarkers. FPIES is a clinical diagnosis, with allergy testing playing a very limited role, if any. Medically supervised oral food challenges are used to monitor resolution of disease, which generally occurs in early childhood. FPIES is an important condition presenting to clinicians in a variety of settings. Recent international consensus guidelines and a growing body of literature can better equip practitioners to care for these often-challenging patients.
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Reducing the allergenic capacity of β-lactoglobulin by covalent conjugation with dietary polyphenols. Food Chem 2018; 256:427-434. [PMID: 29606470 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To help produce hypoallergenic food, this study investigated reducing the allergenicity and improving the functional properties of bovine β-lactoglobulin (βLG) by covalent conjugation with (-)-epigallo-catechin 3-gallate (EGCG) and chlorogenic acid (CA). The covalent bond between the polyphenols and the amino acid side-chains in βLG was confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS and SDS-PAGE. Structural analysis by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) indicated that the covalent conjugate of EGCG and CA led to the changed protein structure of βLG. Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that conjugation of βLG with these polyphenols was effective in reducing the IgE-binding capacity of βLG. The conjugates maintained the retinol-binding activity without denaturation the protein and enhanced the thermal stability with high antioxidant activity. The study provides an innovative approach to producing hypoallergenic food.
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Weinberger T, Feuille E, Thompson C, Nowak-Węgrzyn A. Chronic food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: Characterization of clinical phenotype and literature review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 117:227-33. [PMID: 27613454 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Weinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Elizabeth Feuille
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Cecilia Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Anna Nowak-Węgrzyn
- Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We focus on recent advances regarding the epidemiology, physiopathology, diagnosis and managements of non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergies (non-IgE-GI-FAs), particularly food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). RECENT FINDINGS The first international FPIES diagnostic and management guidelines have been recently published. Although FPIES largely remains a diagnosis of exclusion, it may be more prevalent than previously thought. Ondansetron has emerged as a major tool for the treatment of FPIES acute reactions. Recent data also suggest an important role for innate immune cells in FPIES pathogenesis. SUMMARY Despite major advances in the diagnosis and management of non-IgE-GI-FAs, particularly FPIES, the lack of specific diagnostic tests and biomarkers to guide clinical management remains challenging.
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Caubet JC, Lin J, Ahrens B, Gimenez G, Bardina L, Niggemann B, Sampson HA, Beyer K. Natural tolerance development in cow's milk allergic children: IgE and IgG4 epitope binding. Allergy 2017; 72:1677-1685. [PMID: 28345783 DOI: 10.1111/all.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most of cow's milk (CM) allergic children will outgrow their allergy, the pathomechanism of the natural development of tolerance remains poorly understood. It has been suggested that the balance between milk-specific IgE and IgG4 plays a major role. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate differences in IgE and IgG4 antibody binding to CM epitopes between patients with persistent CM allergy (CMA) and those that naturally became tolerant. METHODS Sera from 35 children with proven CMA (median age at inclusion of 10 months) were analyzed retrospectively; 22 patients have become tolerant (median age at tolerance acquisition of 51 months) during the study period as confirmed by a negative oral food challenge. IgE and IgG4 binding to sequential epitopes derived from five major CM proteins were measured with a peptide microarray-based immunoassay. RESULTS At baselines, greater intensity and broader diversity of IgE and IgG4 binding have been found in children with persistent CMA beyond 5 years of age compared to patients with transient CMA. Moreover, children with transient CMA had IgE and IgG4 antibodies that more often recognized the same epitopes, compared to those with persistent CMA. From baseline to the time of tolerance development, both IgE and IgG4 binding intensity decreased significantly, particularly in areas of α-s- and β-casein (P<.01, false discovery rate [FDR]<.1). Interestingly, differences between IgE and IgG4 binding intensity to CM peptides decreased when the patients became tolerant. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the overlap between IgE and IgG4 might be important in natural tolerance acquisition. Further studies are needed to confirm our data and can eventually lead to development of more targeted treatment of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Caubet
- Geneva University Hospital Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Allergy and Immunology Jaffe Food Allergy Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - J. Lin
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Allergy and Immunology Jaffe Food Allergy Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Bioinformatics Institute Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR Singapore Singapore
| | - B. Ahrens
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - G. Gimenez
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Allergy and Immunology Jaffe Food Allergy Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - L. Bardina
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Allergy and Immunology Jaffe Food Allergy Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - B. Niggemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - H. A. Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Allergy and Immunology Jaffe Food Allergy Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - K. Beyer
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Allergy and Immunology Jaffe Food Allergy Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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Kathrani A, Larsen JA, Cortopassi G, Datta S, Fascetti AJ. A descriptive pilot study of cytokine production following stimulation of ex-vivo whole blood with commercial therapeutic feline hydrolyzed diets in individual healthy immunotolerant cats. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:297. [PMID: 28985721 PMCID: PMC6389170 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrolyzed diets are used in companion animals for the diagnosis and treatment of adverse food reaction. Similarly, hydrolyzed formulas are used in human infants with severe inflammatory bowel disease or milk allergy, and these must meet the standard of hypoallergenicity through rigorous testing. Unfortunately, no standards are currently applied to hydrolyzed veterinary therapeutic diets, and data for the immunogenicity of feline diets is also not available. Therefore, the main aim of this pilot study was to determine if ex-vivo whole blood stimulation assays could be used to characterize the cytokine response to hydrolyzed commercial diets in a small number of individual healthy immunotolerant cats. This approach has also been used to investigate cytokine production in response to cow milk protein in humans and currently similar studies do not exist in companion animals. Nine healthy cats previously eating the same basal diet were divided into groups and fed one of three hydrolyzed diets exclusively for 6 weeks. Heparinized whole blood was collected from each cat before and after the feeding trial. Ex-vivo whole blood stimulation assays were performed using crude extracts of the basal diet as a positive control, as this diet contained the same proteins present in the hydrolyzed diet but were intact, saline as a negative control, and each cat’s respective hydrolyzed diet. Supernatants were collected and analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-4 using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Results Seven cats produced detectable amounts of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 upon stimulation with the basal diet. Two cats produced detectable amounts of IL-10 upon stimulation with a hydrolyzed soy-based diet and one cat produced a detectable amount of IL-10 upon stimulation with a hydrolyzed chicken-based diet (>125 pg/mL). Conclusions Results from this pilot study suggest that in some healthy immunotolerant cats, some hydrolyzed diets may elicit a similar cytokine response compared to their basal diet, which contained the same proteins intact. Therefore, animals may be able to recognize and react to some hydrolyzed forms of tolerated proteins, and may also suggest IL-10 as a target for investigation as a potential marker for dietary tolerance in cats, however further studies would be necessary to corroborate this. Further studies are also needed to determine if this would also be the same in immunologically naïve, sensitized and clinically hypersensitized cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Kathrani
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Present address: School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK.
| | - Jennifer A Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sandipan Datta
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Andrea J Fascetti
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Yang W, Tu Z, Wang H, Zhang L, Xu S, Niu C, Yao H, Kaltashov IA. Mechanism of Reduction in IgG and IgE Binding of β-Lactoglobulin Induced by Ultrasound Pretreatment Combined with Dry-State Glycation: A Study Using Conventional Spectrometry and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8018-8027. [PMID: 28800703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bovine β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) is one of major allergens in cow's milk. Previous study showed that ultrasound treatment induced the conformational changes of β-Lg and promoted the glycation in aqueous solutions, which is, however, less efficient compared with dry-state. In this work, the effect of ultrasound pretreatment combined with dry-state glycation on the IgG and IgE binding of β-Lg was studied. Dry-state glycation with mannose after ultrasound pretreatment at 0-600 W significantly reduced the IgG and IgE binding of β-Lg, with the lowest values observed at 400 W. The decrease in the IgG and IgE binding of β-Lg was attributed to the increase in glycation extent and the changes of secondary and tertiary structure, which reflected in the increase of UV absorbance, α-helix and β-sheet contents, as well as the decrease of intrinsic fluorescence intensity, surface hydrophobicity, β-turn, and random coil contents. Moreover, ultrasound pretreatment promoted the reduction of IgG and IgE binding abilities by improving glycation, reflecting in the increase of the glycation sites and the degree of substitution per peptide (DSP) value determined by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). Ultrasound pretreatment at 400 W showed the most significantly enhanced glycation extent. Besides, the results suggested FTICR-MS could provide insights into the glycation at molecular level, which was conducive to the understanding of the mechanism of the reduction in the IgG and IgE binding of β-Lg. Therefore, ultrasound pretreatment combined with dry-state glycation may be a promising method for β-Lg hyposensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zongcai Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Shengsheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Chendi Niu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Honglin Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Manti S, Leonardi S, Salpietro A, Del Campo G, Salpietro C, Cuppari C. A systematic review of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome from the last 40 years. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017; 118:411-418. [PMID: 28390583 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a complete, exhaustive summary of current literature relevant to food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). DATA SOURCES Data have been extracted from PubMed and Science Direct databases. STUDY SELECTIONS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines, a literature search for peer-reviewed journal articles in English through January 1975 with updates through October 2016 was conducted. Relevant publications were reviewed that included pediatric and adult populations. Information on the study design, sample, intervention, comparators, outcome, timeframe, and risk of bias were abstracted for each article. RESULTS Of 135 reviewed reports, 52 were included in this systematic review. In accordance with the age at onset, clinical features, and offending foods, it is possible to distiguish different types of FPIES. An immune systemic involvement can occur in patients with FPIES. In addition to the most common causative foods (cow's milk, soy, and rice), any food can potentially cause FPIES. Although specific diagnostic tests are not available, open food challenge remains the gold standard for FPIES diagnosis. Moreover, because of the lack of randomized clinical trials and of use of different adopted methods, confounding factors might mask critical findings, leading to poor knowledge of this pleiotropic clinical entity. CONCLUSION Multicenter studies are needed to better develop an evidence-based approach to pathophysiology, prevalence, diagnosis, and natural history of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Manti
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Leonardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuliana Del Campo
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Salpietro
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Caterina Cuppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Kimura M, Ito Y, Shimomura M, Morishita H, Meguro T, Adachi Y, Seto S. Cytokine profile after oral food challenge in infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Allergol Int 2017; 66:452-457. [PMID: 28057433 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is supposed to be caused by inflammation, the role of cytokines has not yet been clarified. METHODS To elucidate the role of cytokines in the development of symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings at an oral food challenge (OFC), changes in serum cytokine levels were analyzed for 6 OFCs in 4 patients with FPIES. The result of OFC was judged positive if any gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea, or bloody stool) were induced. RESULTS Among 11 cytokines profiled, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, and IL-8 were clearly increased in all 4 positive OFCs in which elevations of the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and peripheral blood neutrophilia were also seen. The level of serum IL-10 also rose in 2 positive OFCs. Remarkable increases in the serum level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-12 were observed in a positive OFC where the serum level of CRP rose markedly (6.75 mg/dL). The serum levels of IL-5 were also elevated in 2 negative OFCs. No apparent specific correlations were found between cytokines and GI symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IL-2 and IL-8 are involved in the antigen-specific immune responses in most patients with FPIES. Further studies are needed to elucidate the significance of these cytokine in the pathogenesis of FPIES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Kimura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morishita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Meguro
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shiro Seto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kimura M, Shimomura M, Morishita H, Meguro T, Seto S. Eosinophilia in infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in Japan. Allergol Int 2017; 66:310-316. [PMID: 27624222 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many Japanese infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) show eosinophilia, which has been thought to be a characteristic of food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIP). METHODS To elucidate the characteristics of eosinophilia in Japanese FPIES patients, 113 infants with non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy due to cow's milk were enrolled and classified into FPIES (n = 94) and FPIP (n = 19). RESULTS The percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils (Eo) was increased in most FPIES patients (median, 7.5%), which was comparable with that in FPIP patients (9.0%). Among FPIES patients, Eo was the highest in patients who had vomiting, bloody stool, and diarrhea simultaneously (12.9%) and lowest in patients with diarrhea alone (3.2%). Eo showed a significant positive correlation with the incidence of vomiting (Cramer's V = 0.31, p < 0.005) and bloody stool (Cramer's V = 0.34, p < 0.0005). A significant difference was found in Eo between early- (≤10 days, n = 56) and late-onset (>10 days, n = 38) FPIES (median, 9.8% vs. 5.4%; p < 0.005). IL-5 production by peripheral blood T cells stimulated with cow's milk protein in early-onset FPIES was significantly higher than that in late-onset FPIES (67.7 pg/mL vs. 12.5 pg/mL, p < 0.01), and showed a significant positive correlation with Eo (rs = 0.60, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated two types of eosinophilia in Japanese FPIES infants: conspicuous and mild eosinophilia in early- and late-onset FPIES patients, respectively. Conspicuous eosinophilia in early-onset FPIES is suggested to be caused by abnormally high IL-5 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Kimura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Masaki Shimomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morishita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Meguro
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Seto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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Goswami R, Blazquez AB, Kosoy R, Rahman A, Nowak-Węgrzyn A, Berin MC. Systemic innate immune activation in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:1885-1896.e9. [PMID: 28192147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a non-IgE-mediated food allergy of infancy whose pathophysiology is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We set out to identify and phenotype allergen-responsive cells in peripheral blood of a cohort of subjects undergoing supervised food challenge for FPIES. METHODS We profiled antigen-responsive cells in PBMCs by flow cytometry, and examined cells in whole blood obtained before and after challenge by CyTOF mass cytometry and RNAseq. RESULTS Using a CD154-based detection approach, we observed that milk, soy, or rice-responsive T cells, and TNF-α-producing CD154+ T cells, were significantly lower in those with outgrown FPIES compared with those with active FPIES. However, levels were within the normal range and were inconsistent with a role in the pathophysiology of FPIES. Profiling of whole blood by CyTOF demonstrated profound activation of cells of the innate immune system after food challenge, including monocytes, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and eosinophils. Activation was not observed in children with outgrown FPIES. We confirmed this pattern of innate immune activation in a larger cohort by RNAseq. Furthermore, we observed pan-T-cell activation and redistribution from the circulation after a positive food challenge but not in those who had outgrown their FPIES. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate a compelling role of systemic innate immune activation in adverse reactions elicited by foods in FPIES. Further investigation is needed to identify the mechanism of antigen specificity of adverse reactions to foods in FPIES.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roman Kosoy
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Adeeb Rahman
- Human Immune Monitoring Core, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Caubet JC, Szajewska H, Shamir R, Nowak-Węgrzyn A. Non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergies in children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2017; 28:6-17. [PMID: 27637372 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergic disorders (non-IgE-GI-FA) including food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), food protein-induced enteropathy (FPE), and food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) are relatively uncommon in infants and young children, but are likely under-diagnosed. Non-IgE-GI-FA have a favorable prognosis, with majority resolving by age 3-5 years. Diagnosis relies on the recognition of symptoms pattern in FPIAP and FPIES and biopsy in FPE. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the pathomechanism, which will lead eventually to the development of diagnostic tests and treatments. Limited evidence supports the role of food allergens in subsets of constipation, gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and colic. The immunologic pathomechanism is not fully understood and empiric prolonged avoidance of food allergens should be limited to minimize nutrient deficiency and feeding disorders/food aversions in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent, Medical School of the University of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Raanan Shamir
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Institute for Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Nowak-Węgrzyn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Caubet JC, Bencharitiwong R, Ross A, Sampson HA, Berin MC, Nowak-Węgrzyn A. Humoral and cellular responses to casein in patients with food protein–induced enterocolitis to cow's milk. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:572-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ha WK, Lee J, Kim KE. Development and properties of hypoallergenic infant formula. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2017. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2017.5.2.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Woel-Kyu Ha
- Research and Development Center, Maeil Dairies Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Research and Development Center, Maeil Dairies Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek, Korea
| | - Kyu-Earn Kim
- Development of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Benedé S, López-Fandiño R, Molina E. Assessment of IgE Reactivity of β-Casein by Western Blotting After Digestion with Simulated Gastric Fluid. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1592:165-175. [PMID: 28315219 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6925-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cow's milk allergy is defined as an immunologically mediated adverse reaction to cow's milk proteins and it is usually, along with hen's egg allergy, the first food allergy identified in childhood.One of the main aspects to consider when evaluating the allergenic potential of food proteins is the effect of gastric digestion. It is known that allergens are usually able to survive the harsh acidic environment of the stomach, tolerate the presence of surfactants, and resist digestion by pepsin. They might also be digested into high molecular weight peptide fragments, which retain the same, or sometimes increased, IgE-binding. In this respect, western blotting is a highly sensitive and efficient technique that we have used to detect IgE-binding to the digests of milk and egg proteins. Given the importance of the resistance of food proteins to gastric digestion in their capacity to modulate the immune response, we describe in this chapter the assessment of IgE reactivity of a relevant cow's milk allergen, β-casein, by western blotting after simulated digestion under relevant physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benedé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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Perezábad L, Reche M, Valbuena T, López-Fandiño R, Molina E, López-Expósito I. Oral Food Desensitization in Children With IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Allergy: Immunological Changes Underlying Desensitization. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017; 9:35-42. [PMID: 27826960 PMCID: PMC5102834 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2017.9.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy to induce clinical desensitization to cow's milk (CM) of an oral immunotherapy (OIT) protocol in a pediatric population with cow's milk allergy (CMA). In addition, the immune responses against β-casein, of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CMA patients, before and after the protocol were evaluated and compared to a nonallergic population. Methods A group of 20 children with IgE-mediated CMA and 15 nonallergic children were recruited. Allergic subjects underwent an OIT protocol based on weekly doses of commercial semi-skimmed ultra-high temperature treated (UHT) CM, followed by a maintenance phase. Immune profiles and changes in all subjects were investigated by measuring Th1, Th2, and Treg cytokines, transcription factors, and specific IgE and IgG4 levels. Results The CM-OIT protocol enabled to desensitize 70% of the allergic patients. Successful OIT was accompanied by significant increases in casein-specific IgG4 levels, together with a reduction in the concentration of antigen-specific IgE and in IL-5, IL-13, and IL-10 production by β-casein-stimulated PBMCs. Baseline significant differences observed between allergic and nonallergic children in IL-13 and IL-5 levels were no longer found once the protocol had finished. Conclusions The OIT protocol was safe and effective in inducing milk desensitization in 70% of the children with CMA, leading to alterations in their immune profiles toward a nonallergic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Perezábad
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Reche
- Servicio de alergología, Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Valbuena
- Servicio de alergología, Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Iván López-Expósito
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Michelet M, Schluckebier D, Petit LM, Caubet JC. Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome - a review of the literature with focus on clinical management. J Asthma Allergy 2017; 10:197-207. [PMID: 28721077 PMCID: PMC5499953 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a potentially severe presentation of non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy (non-IgE-GI-FA) with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Acute FPIES is typically characterized by profuse vomiting and lethargy, occurring classically 1-4 hours after ingestion of the offending food. When continuously exposed to the incriminated food, a chronic form has been described with persistent vomiting, diarrhea, and/or failure to thrive. Although affecting mainly infants, FPIES has also been described in adults. Although FPIES is actually one of the most actively studied non-IgE-GI-FAs, epidemiologic data are lacking, and estimation of the prevalence is based on a limited number of prospective studies. The exact pathomechanisms of FPIES remain not well defined, but recent data suggest involvement of neutrophils and mast cells, in addition to T cells. There is a wide range of food allergens that can cause FPIES with some geographical variations. The most frequently incriminated foods are cow milk, soy, and grains in Europe and USA. Furthermore, FPIES can be induced by foods usually considered as hypoallergenic, such as chicken, potatoes or rice. The diagnosis relies currently on typical clinical manifestations, resolving after the elimination of the offending food from the infant's/child's diet and/or an oral food challenge (OFC). The prognosis is usually favorable, with the vast majority of the case resolving before 5 years of age. Usually, assessment of tolerance acquisition by OFC is proposed every 12-18 months. Of note, a switch to an IgE-mediated FA is possible and has been suggested to be associated with a more severe phenotype. Avoiding the offending food requires education of the family of the affected child. A multidisciplinary approach including ideally allergists, gastroenterologists, dieticians, specialized nurses, and caregivers is often useful to optimize the management of these patients, that might be difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Michelet
- Children Hospital, Pediatric Allergology Unit CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Christoph Caubet
- Geneva University Hospitals, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: Jean-Christoph Caubet, Geneva University Hospitals, Pediatric Allergology Unit, 6 Rue Willy Donzé, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland, Email
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The Microbiome, Timing, and Barrier Function in the Context of Allergic Disease. Immunity 2016; 44:728-38. [PMID: 27096316 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allergic disease affects millions. Despite many advances in our understanding of the immune system in the past century, the physiologic underpinning for the existence of allergy remains largely mysterious. Food allergies, in particular, have increased dramatically in recent years, adding a new sense of urgency to unraveling this mystery. The concurrence of significant lifestyle changes in Western societies with increasing disease prevalence implies a causal link. Demographic variables that influence the composition and function of the commensal microbiota early in life seem to be most important. Identifying the evolutionary and physiologic foundations of allergic disease and defining what about our modern environment is responsible for its increased incidence will provide insights critical to the development of new approaches to prevention and treatment.
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Kimura M, Ito Y, Tokunaga F, Meguro T, Shimomura M, Morishita H, Seto S. Increased C-reactive protein and fever in Japanese infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Pediatr Int 2016; 58:826-30. [PMID: 26824628 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased C-reactive protein (CRP) and fever are observed in some infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) in Japan, but the reproducibility of these findings has not yet been confirmed on oral food challenge (OFC). METHODS Fourteen infants with FPIES induced by cow's milk (CM) formula were enrolled. OFC using CM formula was performed on each infant once or repeatedly (total 18 tests), with a stepwise incremental protocol in an infection-controlled setting. CRP was measured 24 h after the last ingestion of the CM formula. RESULTS Increased CRP was observed in 11 of the 18 OFC conducted (median, 2.60 mg/dL; range, 0.22-4.84 mg/dL). Fever was induced in six occasions during OFC. Serum CRP in the patients with fever increased to median 3.76 mg/dL (range, <0.7-4.84 mg/dL), which was significantly higher than that of the patients without fever (median <0.1 mg/dL; range, <0.1-2.6 mg/dL; P < 0.001). CRP during OFC significantly correlated with that at disease onset (rs = 0.62, P < 0.02). Three of the four patients with fever at disease onset also had fever during OFC. CONCLUSIONS Increased CRP and fever are reproducible during OFC in some infants with FPIES, suggesting that these are not accidental phenomena, but instead are associated with FPIES itself in Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuaki Kimura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Ito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fumika Tokunaga
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Meguro
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morishita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shiro Seto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
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