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Zhi F, Ma JW, Ji DD, Bao J, Li QQ. Causal associations between circulating cytokines and risk of sepsis and related outcomes: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336586. [PMID: 38504987 PMCID: PMC10948396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis represents a critical medical condition that arises due to an imbalanced host reaction to infection. Central to its pathophysiology are cytokines. However, observational investigations that explore the interrelationships between circulating cytokines and susceptibility to sepsis frequently encounter challenges pertaining to confounding variables and reverse causality. Methods To elucidate the potential causal impact of cytokines on the risk of sepsis, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Genetic instruments tied to circulating cytokine concentrations were sourced from genome-wide association studies encompassing 8,293 Finnish participants. We then evaluated their links with sepsis and related outcomes using summary-level data acquired from the UK Biobank, a vast multicenter cohort study involving over 500,000 European participants. Specifically, our data spanned 11,643 sepsis cases and 474,841 controls, with subsets including specific age groups, 28-day mortality, and ICU-related outcomes. Results and Discussion MR insights intimated that reduced genetically-predicted interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels causally correlated with a heightened sepsis risk (odds ratio [OR] 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.90, P=0.006). An inverse relationship emerged between monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and sepsis-induced mortality. Conversely, elevated macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP1B) concentrations were positively linked with both sepsis incidence and associated mortality. These revelations underscore the causal impact of certain circulating cytokines on sepsis susceptibility and its prognosis, hinting at the therapeutic potential of modulating these cytokine levels. Additional research is essential to corroborate these connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia-Wei Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Aheqi County People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Ji
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Qian-Qian Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
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Lemaire M, Oppliger A, Hotz P, Renauld JC, Braun J, Maggi M, Barresi F, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Huaux F, Dressel H. Can serum cytokine profile discriminate irritant-induced and allergen-induced symptoms? A cross-sectional study in workers mostly exposed to laboratory animals. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:592-600. [PMID: 28416643 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2016-104137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In workers exposed mostly to laboratory animals (LA), symptoms may be due to irritants or allergens. Correct aetiological diagnosis is important for health surveillance. OBJECTIVES This study aims to test whether work-related (WR) allergen-induced symptoms are associated with a cytokine profile distinct from that due to irritants. METHODS In a cross-sectional study (n=114), WR respiratory and/or skin symptoms were assessed through a standardised clinical examination and sensitisation to rat and/or mouse allergen determined by serum immunoglobulin E. Serum cytokine concentrations were measured by multiplex assays. The predefined cytokine profiles 'sensitiser' (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, eotaxin-1) and 'irritation' (IL-8, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22) were considered positive, when ≥3 concentrations exceeded the 95th percentile of the asymptomatic non-sensitised group. Results were examined by hierarchical clustering analyses (HCA) and multiple linear regression. Explorative analyses were carried out for nine additional cytokines. Exposure to allergens and endotoxin was assessed in a subpopulation. RESULTS The prevalence of the profile 'irritation' was comparable in 28 symptomatic non-sensitised workers and 71 asymptomatic non-sensitised workers. HCA showed that nearly all symptomatic non-sensitised workers were gathered in two subclusters, characterised by high IL-17A levels, but different IL-8 levels. Multiple linear regression identified drug consumption and current complaints as confounders. Sensitised subjects were too few (n=14) for testing the profile 'sensitiser'. CONCLUSIONS In this unselected population of LA workers, the profile 'irritation' did not prove to be a valuable health surveillance tool. Low power precluded assessment of the profile 'sensitiser'. The increased IL-17A concentration may originate from irritative constituents of organic dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Lemaire
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Oppliger
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Hotz
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, EBPI, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Braun
- Department of Biostatistics, EBPI, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Epidemiology, EBPI, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Maggi
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, EBPI, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Barresi
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, EBPI, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - François Huaux
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Holger Dressel
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, EBPI, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Reduced Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Capacity in Allergy and Asthma. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 12 Suppl 2:S133-6. [PMID: 26595728 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201503-176aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In asthma, reactive oxygen species induce damage to biomolecules like proteins. This oxidative stress can promote inflammation, but its contribution to asthma pathology is controversial, not in the least because antioxidant interventions have proven rather unsuccessful. Recent studies indicate that the oxidative stress at baseline can be predictive of the fall in FEV1 upon an allergen challenge and of sensitization to an allergen. Interestingly, this baseline oxidative stress correlated with the capacity of antioxidant and cytoprotective responses to deal with reactive oxygen species, but not with inflammatory parameters. These findings have led to several considerations in relation to antioxidant trials that are discussed. Trials should be complemented by in-depth analyses of the failing antioxidant and cytoprotective responses and their consequences for cellular function in asthma.
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Utsch L, Folisi C, Akkerdaas JH, Logiantara A, van de Pol MA, van der Zee JS, Krop EJM, Lutter R, van Ree R, van Rijt LS. Allergic sensitization is associated with inadequate antioxidant responses in mice and men. Allergy 2015; 70:1246-58. [PMID: 26081441 DOI: 10.1111/all.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergies arise from aberrant Th2 responses to allergens. The processes involved in the genesis of allergic sensitization remain elusive. Some allergens such as derived from house dust mites have proteolytic activity which can induce oxidative stress in vivo. A reduced capacity of the host to control oxidative stress might prime for allergic sensitization. METHODS Two different strains of mice were compared for their antioxidant and immune response to HDM. Protease activity of the HDM extract was reduced to investigate its role in oxidative stress induction in the airways and whether this induction could determine allergic sensitization and inflammation. The role of oxidative stress in allergic sensitization was also investigated in humans. An occupational cohort of animal workers was followed for the development of sensitization to rodent urinary proteins. Levels of oxidative stress in serum and antioxidant responses by PBMCs were determined. RESULTS Susceptibility to allergic sensitization to mite allergens in mice was highly dependent on host genetic background and was associated with oxidative stress in the lungs before allergen exposure and poor antioxidant response after allergen exposure. Reduction in mite protease activity limited its capacity to induce oxidative stress and allergic inflammation in mice. We showed that also in human subjects, oxidative stress before allergen exposure and poor antioxidant responses were associated with predisposition to occupational allergy. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that oxidative stress condition before allergen exposure due to an inadequate antioxidant response may prime for allergic Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Utsch
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - C. Folisi
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - J. H. Akkerdaas
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - A. Logiantara
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - M. A. van de Pol
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - E. J. M. Krop
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - R. Lutter
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - R. van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - L. S. van Rijt
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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van de Pol MA, Lutter R, van Ree R, van der Zee JS. Increase in allergen-specific IgE and ex vivo Th2 responses after a single bronchial challenge with house dust mite in allergic asthmatics. Allergy 2012; 67:67-73. [PMID: 21958117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway responsiveness to allergen in patients with allergic asthma is studied by bronchial allergen challenge. Although the typical features of the early and late responses on lung function and bronchial inflammation after allergen challenge are well known, little has been reported as yet on any changes in systemic allergic and immunologic parameters after 4-6 weeks. METHODS In a clinical study, 27 subjects with allergic asthma and house dust mite (HDM) allergy underwent a bronchial allergen challenge with HDM. Blood samples were collected before and 5 weeks after allergen challenge. Serum levels of total IgE and allergen-specific IgE were measured, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and stimulated ex vivo with HDM to determine the allergen-specific T-cell cytokine response. RESULTS Five weeks after bronchial allergen challenge with HDM, the amount of circulating IgE against HDM and the major allergenic components Der p1 and Der p2 was significantly increased (10.8% and 8.8%, respectively). IgE antibodies against other environmental allergens decreased (grass pollen) or remained unchanged (cat dander). Allergen-induced Th2-cytokine production was also significantly increased (P< 0.001, P=0.014, and P=0.006 for IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, respectively). The increase in Der p1- and Der p2-specific IgE in serum correlated with increased numbers of Th2-cytokine-producing cells (Rs=0.56, P=0.002 and Rs=0.54, P=0.004 for IL-4 and IL-13, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A single bronchial allergen challenge with HDM is accompanied by increased levels of allergen-specific IgE for HDM in serum and an enhanced Th2 response to HDM still detectable 5 weeks after challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A van de Pol
- Departments of Pulmonology Experimental Immunology Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Krop EJM, Doekes G, Heederik DJJ, Aalberse RC, van der Zee JS. IgG4 antibodies against rodents in laboratory animal workers do not protect against allergic sensitization. Allergy 2011; 66:517-22. [PMID: 21083569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modified Th2 response, defined as an IgG4 response in the absence of IgE, is suggested to protect against the development of allergic sensitization. However, studies suggesting this protective effect all had a cross-sectional design, making it impossible to study the development of both responses. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to study the dynamics in IgG4 antibodies in relation to allergic sensitization in an occupational cohort of starting laboratory animal workers. Moreover, we studied the relation between exposure, antibody responses, atopy and self reported allergic symptoms. METHODS A total of 110 starting animal workers were followed for 2 years. IgG4 antibodies against rats and mice were assessed. Workers were tested for allergic sensitization and exposure to animal allergens was estimated. Symptom status was assessed using questionnaires. RESULTS Rat and mouse specific IgG4 antibodies were present before the development of allergy and did not significantly change over time. Allergic sensitization was related to exposure and atopic status but high levels of IgG4 showed no protective effect. In contrary, workers that developed mouse specific sensitization during follow up had higher levels of mouse specific IgG4. Symptoms were related to allergic sensitization and IgG4 levels did not influence that relationship. CONCLUSIONS IgG4 antibodies are present before IgE antibodies develop and IgG4 levels are stable over time. In our occupational cohort, the modified Th2 response had no protective effect on development of sensitization or allergic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J M Krop
- Department of Pulmonology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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