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Burgess J, Scurrell E, Collier E, Featherstone H. Sterile granulomatous panuveitis in dogs in the United Kingdom: A review of 33 cases. Vet Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38279201 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the clinical and histopathological features of a sterile granulomatous panuveitis syndrome in 33 dogs that underwent enucleation and ocular histopathology. METHODS Retrospective review of the medical records and ocular histopathology reports of 33 cases. Inclusion criteria were enucleation in conjunction with characteristic clinical and histopathological features. RESULTS Thirteen breeds were represented (including crossbreeds). Panuveitis was acute and fulminating, and secondary glaucoma was common (n = 27). Interval from initial presentation to enucleation was 99 days (median 33 days, range 5-605 days). The mean age at enucleation was 6.7 years. Ocular signs were initially unilateral (n = 18) or bilateral (n = 15). The disease became bilateral in 18/25 cases that initially underwent unilateral enucleation, resulting in enucleation or euthanasia in 9/18 (mean interval of 168 days). Seven out of 59 eyes had a good outcome following topical anti-inflammatory and systemic immunosuppressive therapy. None of the dogs had travel history nor relevant systemic signs from presentation to follow-up (mean 619 days, range 16-3012 days). Histopathology revealed histiocytic and lymphoplasmacytic panuveitis with pigment dispersion, and no infectious agents were identified on light microscopy. CONCLUSION To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a sterile granulomatous panuveitis syndrome in dogs in the UK. The clinical signs are severe, with rapid progression, and can result in bilateral enucleation or euthanasia in affected dogs. There does not appear to be an age or breed predisposition, however further research is necessary in this regard. Early and aggressive intervention, with both topical and systemic immunosuppressive therapy, is recommended to reduce the risk of blindness, enucleation, and euthanasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burgess
- The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre, Marlow, UK
| | | | - E Collier
- The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre, Marlow, UK
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Lee MA, Hulsebosch SE, Affolter VK, Dear JD, Knipe MF, Maggs DJ, Moore BA, Outerbridge CA, Marsilio S. Polyautoimmunity manifest as inflammatory myopathy, uveitis, and progressive cutaneous depigmentation in a mixed breed dog: a case report. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:198. [PMID: 37817164 PMCID: PMC10563350 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyautoimmunity is the expression of more than one autoimmune disease in a single patient. This report documents polyautoimmunity in a mixed breed dog with concurrent uveitis, cutaneous depigmentation, and inflammatory myopathy. CASE PRESENTATION A 1-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog was presented for progressive generalized leukotrichia and leukoderma, bilateral panuveitis, and masticatory muscle atrophy. The latter progressed to myositis of lingual, pharyngeal, and masticatory muscles confirmed by biopsy. Temporalis muscle was completely replaced by adipose and fibrous tissue, and necrotic myofibers with extensive infiltration of mononuclear cells indicated active myositis of lingual muscle. Skin biopsies showed severe melanin clumping in epidermis, hair follicles, and hair shafts, and perifollicular pigmentary incontinence. Uveitis, depigmentation, and myositis affecting the masticatory, pharyngeal, and tongue muscles were diagnosed based on clinical, histological, and laboratory findings. CONCLUSIONS To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of concurrent uveitis, progressive cutaneous depigmentation, and inflammatory myopathy in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ann Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean E Hulsebosch
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Verena K Affolter
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Dear
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Marguerite F Knipe
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David J Maggs
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bret A Moore
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine A Outerbridge
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sina Marsilio
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Kang M, Ahn B, Youk S, Cho HS, Choi M, Hong K, Do JT, Song H, Jiang H, Kennedy LJ, Park C. High Allelic Diversity of Dog Leukocyte Antigen Class II in East Asian Dogs: Identification of New Alleles and Haplotypes. J MAMM EVOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-021-09560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stefanović M, Ćirović D, Bogdanović N, Knauer F, Heltai M, Szabó L, Lanszki J, Zhelev CD, Schaschl H, Suchentrunk F. Positive selection on the MHC class II DLA-DQA1 gene in golden jackals (Canis aureus) from their recent expansion range in Europe and its effect on their body mass index. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:122. [PMID: 34134625 PMCID: PMC8207625 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01856-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Europe, golden jackals (Canis aureus) have been expanding their range out of the southern and southeastern Balkans towards central Europe continually since the 1960s. Here, we investigated the level of functional diversity at the MHC class II DLA-DQA1 exon 2 in golden jackal populations from Bulgaria, Serbia, and Hungary. Specifically, we tested for positive selection on and geographic variation at that locus due to adaptation to supposedly regionally varying pathogenic landscapes. To test for potential fitness effects of different protein variants on individual body condition, we used linear modeling of individual body mass indexes (bmi) and accounted for possible age, sex, geographical, and climatic effects. The latter approach was performed, however, only on Serbian individuals with appropriate data. Results Only three different DLA-DQA1 alleles were detected, all coding for different amino-acid sequences. The neutrality tests revealed no significant but positive values; there was no signal of spatial structuring and no deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium across the studied range of expansion. However, we found a signal of trans-species polymorphism and significant test results for positive selection on three codons. Our information-theory based linear modeling results indicated an effect of ambient temperature on the occurrence of individual DLA-DQA1 genotypes in individuals from across the studied expansion range, independent from geographical position. Our linear modeling results of individual bmi values indicated that yearlings homozygous for DLA-DQA1*03001 reached values typical for adults contrary to yearlings carrying other genotypes (protein combinations). This suggested better growth rates and thus a possible fitness advantage of yearlings homozygous for DLA-DQA1*03001. Conclusions Our results indicate a demographic (stochastic) signal of reduced DLA-DQA1 exon 2 variation, in line with the documented historical demographic bottleneck. At the same time, however, allelic variation was also affected by positive selection and adaptation to varying ambient temperature, supposedly reflecting geographic variation in the pathogenic landscape. Moreover, an allele effect on body mass index values of yearlings suggested differential fitness associated with growth rates. Overall, a combination of a stochastic effect and positive selection has shaped and is still shaping the variation at the studied MHC locus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-021-01856-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milomir Stefanović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Duško Ćirović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Bogdanović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Felix Knauer
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miklós Heltai
- Institute for Wildlife Conservation, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - László Szabó
- Institute for Wildlife Conservation, Szent István University, Páter Károly utca 1, Gödöllő, 2100, Hungary
| | - József Lanszki
- Ecological Research Group, University of Kaposvár, PO Box 16, 7401, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | | | - Helmut Schaschl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Franz Suchentrunk
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
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Casini L, Zago D, Cavicchioli E, Tomiazzo C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in Japanese Akita dogs: A survey. Vet Anim Sci 2020; 10:100139. [PMID: 32875143 PMCID: PMC7451697 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2020.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are detected in Japanese Akita dogs. Healthy Akitas show a higher level of vitamin D than pathological ones. Depigmented skin areas appearance is associated with low levels of vitamin D. Sebaceous adenitis is the prevalent disease recorded among investigated Akitas.
Low serum level of vitamin D has been linked to numerous diseases. The Akita breed of dog shows a high incidence of immune-mediated diseases such as uveodermatologic (UVD) syndrome and sebaceous adenitis (SA). Furthermore, in Japanese Akita dogs, skin depigmentation often appears after birth at different ages, in healthy dogs, and without any other symptoms. In humans poliosis is associated to low vitamin D level. The aim of this survey was to evaluate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in Japanese Akita dogs. One hundred and three Akita blood samples were collected for the 25(OH)D evaluation. Age, sex, current disease, presence and location of skin depigmentation, and diet were reported on a medical record. Based on history and clinical examination, dogs were classified according their health status as healthy (HE) or pathological (PA). The overall mean of 25(OH)D concentration was 82.42 ± 26.14 ng/mL, whereas the concentrations in the healthy dogs were significantly higher (84.90 ± 3.36 ng/mL) in comparison with the dogs with diseases (72.13 ± 4.09 ng/mL) (P < 0.01). In this study, the depigmented healthy dogs showed low level of 25(OH)D and very similar to the sick group. The appearance of depigmented areas associated with low levels of vitamin D could be considered as an alert sign in Akitas as well as in humans. However, clinical trials should also be carried out to establish whether vitamin D supplementation could be an effective preventive treatment to limit the onset of immune-mediated diseases in Japanese Akita dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Casini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Zago
- Veterinary Clinic San Giacomo, Via Risorgimento 42b, 35020 Albinasego, Padova, Italy
| | - E Cavicchioli
- Veterinary Clinic San Giacomo, Via Risorgimento 42b, 35020 Albinasego, Padova, Italy
| | - C Tomiazzo
- Veterinary Clinic San Giacomo, Via Risorgimento 42b, 35020 Albinasego, Padova, Italy
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Tham HL, Linder KE, Olivry T. Autoimmune diseases affecting skin melanocytes in dogs, cats and horses: vitiligo and the uveodermatological syndrome: a comprehensive review. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:251. [PMID: 31324191 PMCID: PMC6639964 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune dermatoses targeting melanocytes have gained attention in human medicine due to their progressive nature and the social impact suffered by affected individuals. In veterinary medicine, vitiligo and the uveodermatological syndrome are the two autoimmune diseases that are known to affect skin melanocytes.In the first part of this article, we will review the signalment, clinical signs, histopathology and the treatment outcome of vitiligo in dogs, cats and horses; where pertinent, we compare the animal diseases to their human homologue. In a similar fashion, the information on the uveodermatological syndrome in dogs is reviewed and, where relevant, it is compared to the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in humans.Canine, feline and equine vitiligo have many features that mirror their human counterparts. The most effective treatment and outcome of vitiligo in animals remain unclear. The canine uveodermatological syndrome resembles the incomplete VKH variant in humans; for affected individuals, an immediate diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial to prevent the development of blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng L. Tham
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Keith E. Linder
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
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Zarfoss MK, Tusler CA, Kass PH, Montgomery K, Lim CC, Mowat F, Thomasy SM. Clinical findings and outcomes for dogs with uveodermatologic syndrome. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 252:1263-1271. [PMID: 29701516 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.10.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate signalment, clinical signs, treatment, and factors affecting visual prognosis in dogs with uveodermatologic syndrome (UDS). DESIGN Retrospective case series and nested cohort study. ANIMALS 50 dogs (37 Akitas and 13 non-Akitas) with UDS evaluated at 4 ophthalmology practices. PROCEDURES Data were collected from the medical records regarding signalment, clinical signs, biopsy results, medications, adverse effects, vision and glaucoma status at initial and subsequent examinations, and duration of follow-up. Various factors were examined for associations with development of blindness or glaucoma following initial examination. RESULTS The most common ophthalmic signs included aqueous flare (n = 35 [70%]), iris abnormalities (29 [58%]), retinal detachment (23 [46%]), and choroidal depigmentation or chorioretinal infiltrates (10 [20%]). At initial examination, 36% (18/50) of dogs had glaucoma and 57% (26/46) were blind in both eyes. Twenty-five (50%) dogs had vision at their final visit, representing 78% of the 32 dogs that had vision at initial examination or regained vision during the follow-up period. In dogs that lost vision, median time to permanent blindness in both eyes was 13.5 months (range, 0.4 to 59 months) after initial examination. No significant associations with time to glaucoma or vision loss were identified for signalment variables, specific medications, or duration of clinical signs prior to initial examination. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE UDS commonly resulted in glaucoma, vision loss, or both in affected dogs. No evaluated factor was associated with visual prognosis; however, a subset of patients maintained vision through to the final recheck examination.
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9
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Horikawa T, Vaughan RK, Sargent SJ, Toops EE, Locke EP. Pathology in practice. Uveodermatologic syndrome. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:759-61. [PMID: 23445284 DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.6.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taemi Horikawa
- Pittsburgh Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, 807 Camp Horne Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15237, USA.
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10
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Ross P, Buntzman AS, Vincent BG, Grover EN, Gojanovich GS, Collins EJ, Frelinger JA, Hess PR. Allelic diversity at the DLA-88 locus in Golden Retriever and Boxer breeds is limited. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2012; 80:175-83. [PMID: 22571293 PMCID: PMC3407292 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the dog, previous analyses of major histocompatibility complex class I genes suggest a single polymorphic locus, dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-88. While 51 alleles have been reported, estimates of prevalence have not been made. We hypothesized that, within a breed, DLA-88 diversity would be restricted, and one or more dominant alleles could be identified. Accordingly, we determined allele usage in 47 Golden Retrievers and 39 Boxers. In each population, 10 alleles were found; 4 were shared. Seven novel alleles were identified. DLA-88*05101 and *50801 predominated in Golden Retrievers, while most Boxers carried *03401. In these breeds, DLA-88 polymorphisms are limited and largely non-overlapping. The finding of highly prevalent alleles fulfills an important prerequisite for studying canine CD8+ T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ross
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Adam S. Buntzman
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Benjamin G. Vincent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elise N. Grover
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gregory S. Gojanovich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Edward J. Collins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Paul R. Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Immunology Program, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Pedersen NC, Liu H, Greenfield DL, Echols LG. Multiple autoimmune diseases syndrome in Italian Greyhounds: preliminary studies of genome-wide diversity and possible associations within the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) complex. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 145:264-76. [PMID: 22178273 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A disorder manifested by multiple autoimmune disorders, and resembling autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 (APS-2) in humans, may exist in Italian Greyhounds. The incidence of this disorder is increasing and its potential impact on the health of the breed is becoming of great concern. The aims of the present study were to document the existence of this syndrome, conduct a preliminary assessment of genetic diversity across the breed and within affected and unaffected dogs, determine whether the disorder associates with the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) complex, and demonstrate similarities to APS-2 of humans. To these ends, information on disease, pedigrees, and blood or buccal swab samples were collected from affected and healthy Italian Greyhounds and extracted DNA analyzed. Analysis of Y chromosome markers and mitochondrial DNA sequences showed that Italian Greyhounds evolved from a single patriline and two major and four minor matrilines. A panel of 24 highly polymorphic simple tandem repeat (STR) markers across 20 autosomes demonstrated that affected and unaffected dogs were not distinguishable from the population as a whole by heterozygosity, F-statistics, and principal component analysis (PCA). However, analysis of allele frequencies at each STR loci identified regions of increased or decreased disease risk on four chromosomes. A similar genetic analysis using 109 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the DLA region showed differences between affected and unaffected dogs. PCA and zygosity mapping of DLA SNPs from unrelated dogs demonstrated two distinct subpopulations among the affected individuals. One population was very homozygous and the other closely resembled unaffected dogs in its heterozygosity, suggesting the evolution of a disease prone bloodline as a result of non-random selection. Exon 2 sequencing of the DLA class II genes demonstrated 5-8 alleles at each locus and 14 three loci haplotypes. Two specific haplotypes containing DRB1*00203 or DRB1*02901 were associated with increased disease risk in about one-third of affected dogs. However, high density SNP association mapping across the DLA region and CFA12 did not corroborate the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels C Pedersen
- Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Safra N, Pedersen NC, Wolf Z, Johnson EG, Liu HW, Hughes AM, Young A, Bannasch DL. Expanded dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping reveals spurious class II associations. Vet J 2011; 189:220-6. [PMID: 21741283 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) system contains many of the functional genes of the immune system, thereby making it a candidate region for involvement in immune-mediated disorders. A number of studies have identified associations between specific DLA class II haplotypes and canine immune hemolytic anemia, thyroiditis, immune polyarthritis, type I diabetes mellitus, hypoadrenocorticism, systemic lupus erythematosus-related disease complex, necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) and anal furunculosis. These studies have relied on sequencing approximately 300 bases of exon 2 of each of the DLA class II genes: DLA-DRB1, DLA-DQA1 and DLA-DQB1. In the present study, an association (odds ratio=4.29) was identified by this method between Weimaraner dogs with hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD) and DLA-DRB1∗01501. To fine map the association with HOD, a genotyping assay of 126 coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from across the entire DLA, spanning a region of 2.5 Mb (3,320,000-5,830,000) on CFA12, was developed and tested on Weimaraners with HOD, as well as two additional breeds with diseases associated with DLA class II: Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers with hypoadrenocorticism and Pug dogs with NME. No significant associations were found between Weimaraners with HOD or Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers with hypoadrenocorticism and SNPs spanning the DLA region. In contrast, significant associations were found with NME in Pug dogs, although the associated region extended beyond the class II genes. By including a larger number of genes from a larger genomic region, a SNP genotyping assay was generated that provides coverage of the extended DLA region and may be useful in identifying and fine mapping DLA associations in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Safra
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA.
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Blackwood SE, Barrie KP, Plummer CE, Taylor D, Nunnery CM, Seltzer JD, Ben-Shlomo G, Brooks DE. Uveodermatologic syndrome in a rat terrier. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2011; 47:e56-63. [PMID: 21730094 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 4 yr old intact male rat terrier presented with severe bilateral nonresponsive panuveitis. Bilateral uveitis, blepharospasm, conjunctival hyperemia, diffuse corneal edema, peripheral bullous retinal detachment, and secondary ocular hypertension were noted. Ocular lesions progressed despite aggressive medical treatment and were followed by cutaneous depigmentation and crusting along the nasal planum. Intensive oral and topical anti-inflammatory and topical antiglaucoma medications were administered, but the ocular disease progressed. A bilateral enucleation was performed. Uveodermatologic syndrome was diagnosed from histopathologic examination of a skin biopsy as well as histopathology of both globes after bilateral enucleation. To maintain control of the dermatologic lesions, oral azathioprine was initiated, but it was not well tolerated by this patient. Immunosuppressive doses of oral cyclosporine and anti-inflammatory doses of oral prednisone were used to control the depigmentation and crusting skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Blackwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Pedersen N, Liu H, Millon L, Greer K. Dog leukocyte antigen class II-associated genetic risk testing for immune disorders of dogs: simplified approaches using Pug dog necrotizing meningoencephalitis as a model. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:68-76. [PMID: 21217030 DOI: 10.1177/104063871102300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A significantly increased risk for a number of autoimmune and infectious diseases in purebred and mixed-breed dogs has been associated with certain alleles or allele combinations of the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) class II complex containing the DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 genes. The exact level of risk depends on the specific disease, the alleles in question, and whether alleles exist in a homozygous or heterozygous state. The gold standard for identifying high-risk alleles and their zygosity has involved direct sequencing of the exon 2 regions of each of the 3 genes. However, sequencing and identification of specific alleles at each of the 3 loci are relatively expensive and sequencing techniques are not ideal for additional parentage or identity determination. However, it is often possible to get the same information from sequencing only 1 gene given the small number of possible alleles at each locus in purebred dogs, extensive homozygosity, and tendency for disease-causing alleles at each of the 3 loci to be strongly linked to each other into haplotypes. Therefore, genetic testing in purebred dogs with immune diseases can be often simplified by sequencing alleles at 1 rather than 3 loci. Further simplification of genetic tests for canine immune diseases can be achieved by the use of alternative genetic markers in the DLA class II region that are also strongly linked with the disease genotype. These markers consist of either simple tandem repeats or single nucleotide polymorphisms that are also in strong linkage with specific DLA class II genotypes and/or haplotypes. The current study uses necrotizing meningoencephalitis of Pug dogs as a paradigm to assess simple alternative genetic tests for disease risk. It was possible to attain identical necrotizing meningoencephalitis risk assessments to 3-locus DLA class II sequencing by sequencing only the DQB1 gene, using 3 DLA class II-linked simple tandem repeat markers, or with a small single nucleotide polymorphism array designed to identify breed-specific DQB1 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Pedersen
- Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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15
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Baiker K, Scurrell E, Wagner T, Walker D, Solano-Gallego L, Holt E, Smyth B, Summers BA, Schöniger S. Polymyositis following Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like syndrome in a Jack Russell terrier. J Comp Pathol 2010; 144:317-23. [PMID: 21129754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A male Jack Russell terrier developed bilateral uveitis and glaucoma at 1 year of age. Since the ocular disease was painful and unresponsive to treatment, both globes were enucleated. Microscopical evaluation of one enucleated globe revealed panuveitis, with pigment dispersion and phagocytosis consistent with the ocular lesions of canine Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH)-like syndrome. Three years later the dog was represented with severe muscle disease and skin lesions. Due to rapid clinical deterioration the dog was humanely destroyed. Necropsy examination revealed lichenoid interface inflammation in the skin and mucous membranes, with pigmentary incontinence consistent with VKH-like syndrome and lymphocytic and histiocytic polymyositis with marked muscle atrophy. Canine VKH-like syndrome is an autoimmune disease that targets melanocyte antigens. Some human patients with VKH disease develop additional autoimmune diseases. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of polymyositis subsequent to VKH-like disease in a dog. In addition, VKH-like disease has not been previously reported in a Jack Russell terrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Baiker
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, UK.
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Abstract
There are many autoimmune diseases recognized in humans; many of these have counterparts in companion animals. The diseases discussed in this article do not constitute the entire spectrum of autoimmune disease in these species. They are the common and better-described diseases of dogs and cats that have a well-documented autoimmune etiology. There are myriad autoimmune diseases that affect humans; similar diseases yet unrecognized in companion animals likely will be characterized in the future. The role of genetics in predisposition to autoimmunity is a common characteristic of these diseases in humans and animals. Likewise, the suggested role of environmental or infectious agents is another commonality between humans and their pets.
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Greer KA, Wong AK, Liu H, Famula TR, Pedersen NC, Ruhe A, Wallace M, Neff MW. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis of Pug dogs associates with dog leukocyte antigen class II and resembles acute variant forms of multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 76:110-8. [PMID: 20403140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) is a disorder of Pug Dogs that appears to have an immune etiology and high heritability based on population studies. The present study was undertaken to identify a genetic basis for the disease. A genome-wide association scan with single tandem repeat (STR) markers showed a single strong association near the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA) complex on CFA12. Fine resolution mapping with 27 STR markers on CFA12 further narrowed association to the region containing DLA-DRB1, -DQA1 and, -DQB1 genes. Sequencing confirmed that affected dogs were more likely to be homozygous for specific alleles at each locus and that these alleles were linked, forming a single high risk haplotype. The strong DLA class II association of NME in Pug Dogs resembles that of human multiple sclerosis (MS). Like MS, NME appears to have an autoimmune basis, involves genetic and nongenetic factors, has a relatively low incidence, is more frequent in females than males, and is associated with a vascularly orientated nonsuppurative inflammation. However, NME of Pug Dogs is more aggressive in disease course than classical human MS, appears to be relatively earlier in onset, and involves necrosis rather than demyelination as the central pathobiologic feature. Thus, Pug Dog encephalitis (PDE) shares clinical features with the less common acute variant forms of MS. Accordingly, NME of Pug Dogs may represent a naturally occurring canine model of certain idiopathic inflammatory disorders of the human central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Greer
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Indiana University East, Richmond, IN 47374, USA.
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Fliegner RA, Holloway SA, Lester S, McLure CA, Dawkins RL. Evaluation of the class II region of the major histocompatibility complex of the greyhound with the genomic matching technique and sequence-based typing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 72:131-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2008.01084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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