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Wada M. Role of ABC Transporters in Cancer Development and Malignant Alteration. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1201-1225. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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2
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Gruening M, Neuber S, Nestler P, Lehnfeld J, Dubs M, Fricke K, Schnabelrauch M, Helm CA, Müller R, Staehlke S, Nebe JB. Enhancement of Intracellular Calcium Ion Mobilization by Moderately but Not Highly Positive Material Surface Charges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1016. [PMID: 33015006 PMCID: PMC7505933 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic forces at the cell interface affect the nature of cell adhesion and function; but there is still limited knowledge about the impact of positive or negative surface charges on cell-material interactions in regenerative medicine. Titanium surfaces with a variety of zeta potentials between −90 mV and +50 mV were generated by functionalizing them with amino polymers, extracellular matrix proteins/peptide motifs and polyelectrolyte multilayers. A significant enhancement of intracellular calcium mobilization was achieved on surfaces with a moderately positive (+1 to +10 mV) compared with a negative zeta potential (−90 to −3 mV). Dramatic losses of cell activity (membrane integrity, viability, proliferation, calcium mobilization) were observed on surfaces with a highly positive zeta potential (+50 mV). This systematic study indicates that cells do not prefer positive charges in general, merely moderately positive ones. The cell behavior of MG-63s could be correlated with the materials’ zeta potential; but not with water contact angle or surface free energy. Our findings present new insights and provide an essential knowledge for future applications in dental and orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gruening
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Neuber
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Nestler
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jutta Lehnfeld
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Dubs
- Department of Biomaterials, INNOVENT e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Fricke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Christiane A Helm
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rainer Müller
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Staehlke
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Barbara Nebe
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter, Faculty of Interdisciplinary, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Chopra A, Radhakrishnan R, Sharma M. Porphyromonas gingivalis and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a review on its intricate pathogenic mechanisms. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:213-236. [PMID: 32267781 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1747392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe of the oral cavity, is associated with the onset of various adverse pregnancy outcomes. P. gingivalis is linked with the development of preeclampsia, preterm labour, spontaneous abortion, gestational diabetes, foetal growth restriction, and misconception. The unique virulence factors, surface adhesions, enzymes of P. gingivalis can directly injure and alter the morphology, microbiome the foetal and maternal tissues. P. gingivalis can even exaggerate the production of cytokines, free radicals and acute-phase proteins in the uterine compartment that increases the risk of myometrial contraction and onset of preterm labour. Although evidence confirms the presence of P. gingivalis in the amniotic fluid and placenta of women with poor pregnancy outcomes, the intricate molecular mechanisms by which P. gingivalis initiates various antenatal and postnatal maternal and foetal complications are not well explained in the literature. Therefore, the present review aims to comprehensively summarise and highlight the recent and unique molecular pathogenic mechanisms of P. gingivalis associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, India
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Qiu Q, Zhang F, Wu J, Xu N, Liang M. Gingipains disrupt F-actin and cause osteoblast apoptosis via integrin β1. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:762-776. [PMID: 29777544 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the cellular mechanisms underlying gingipain-caused changes in cell morphology and apoptosis of osteoblasts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human calvarial osteoblasts and mouse osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 were treated with gingipain extracts from Porphyromonas gingivalis stain W83. Apoptosis was detected with annexin V and propidium iodide flow cytometry analysis or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. F-actin was determined by immunostaining. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression. Knocking down and overexpressing approaches were used to determine the role of integrin β1. RESULTS Osteoblasts exposed to gingipain extracts displayed increased apoptosis, accompanied by loss of F-actin integrity and cell shrinkage. The effects of gingipain extracts were abolished by the cysteine protease inhibitor N-tosyl-l-lysyl chloromethyl-ketone. Notably, gingipain extracts resulted in reduction of integrin β1, accompanied by diminished active RhoA whereas without effect on the total RhoA. Knockdown of integrin β1 resembled those seen in gingipain-treated osteoblasts. By contrast, the effects of gingipain extracts were abrogated by either overexpression of integrin β1 or presence of RhoA agonist CN03. CONCLUSION Gingipain-induced F-actin disruption and apoptosis are mediated by the degradation of integrin β1 and inhibition of RhoA activity, which account for osteoblast apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Qiu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - F Zhang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Wu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - N Xu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Liang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang F, Qiu Q, Song X, Chen Y, Wu J, Liang M. Signal-Regulated Protein Kinases/Protein Kinase B-p53-BH3–Interacting Domain Death Agonist Pathway Regulates Gingipain-Induced Apoptosis in Osteoblasts. J Periodontol 2017; 88:e200-e210. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihong Qiu
- Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Periodontology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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Dittmann C, Doueiri S, Kluge R, Dommisch H, Gaber T, Pischon N. Porphyromonas gingivalisSuppresses Differentiation and Increases Apoptosis of Osteoblasts From New Zealand Obese Mice. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1095-102. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Liu J, Tang X, Li C, Pan C, Li Q, Geng F, Pan Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes the cell cycle and inflammatory cytokine production in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1153-61. [PMID: 26043445 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) modulates host immune-inflammatory responses and destructs homeostasis of normal cell cycle, thereby leading to periodontal tissue destruction. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) are key players in the host immune responses and periodontal tissue regeneration. The aim of the present study was to discover the effects of P. gingivalis infection on the cell cycle and inflammatory cytokine production in PDLFs. DESIGN P. gingivalis infection model into PDLFs was established. The effect of P. gingivalis on the cell proliferation and cell cycle were detected by MTT and flow cytometry. The p21, cyclin D1 and cyclin E mRNA expression, p21 protein expression, as well as IL-6 and IL-8 protein levels were analyzed by RT-qPCR, Western blot and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS P. gingivalis promoted proliferation and G1 phase of PDLFs. G1 phase promotion was associated with the decreased level of p21 and the up-regulation of cyclin D1 at 6h, and with the increased level of cyclin E at 12h. Simultaneously, the immune-inflammatory response of PDLFs was initiated by P. gingivalis during the initial stage of infection, including the increased expressions of IL-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSION We confirmed that the infection of P. gingivalis could modulate the expression of PDLF genes, which control cell cycle and inflammatory cytokine production. Thus, P. gingivalis may contribute to the proliferation and inflammation of periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Liu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Chunling Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Fengxue Geng
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Nanjing North Street 117, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning Province, China.
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Zhang W, Ju J, Rigney T, Tribble G. Porphyromonas gingivalis infection increases osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation in a periodontitis mouse model. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:89. [PMID: 25027664 PMCID: PMC4108595 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porphyromonas gingivalis has been shown to invade osteoblasts and inhibit their differentiation and mineralization in vitro. However, it is unclear if P. gingivalis can invade osteoblasts in vivo and how this would affect alveolar osteoblast/osteoclast dynamics. This study aims to answer these questions using a periodontitis mouse model under repetitive P. gingivalis inoculations. Methods For 3-month-old BALB/cByJ female mice, 109 CFU of P. gingivalis were inoculated onto the gingival margin of maxillary molars 4 times at 2-day intervals. After 2 weeks, another 4 inoculations at 2-day intervals were applied. Calcein was injected 7 and 2 days before sacrificing animals to label the newly formed bone. Four weeks after final inoculation, mice were sacrificed and maxilla collected. Immunohistochemistry, micro-CT, and bone histomorphometry were performed on the specimens. Sham infection with only vehicle was the control. Results P. gingivalis was found to invade gingival epithelia, periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and alveolar osteoblasts. Micro-CT showed alveolar bone resorption and significant reduction of bone mineral density and content in the infected mice compared to the controls. Bone histomorphometry showed a decrease in osteoblasts, an increase in osteoclasts and bone resorption, and a surprisingly increased osteoblastic bone formation in the infected mice compared to the controls. Conclusions P. gingivalis invades alveolar osteoblasts in the periodontitis mouse model and cause alveolar bone loss. Although P. gingivalis appears to suppress osteoblast pool and enhance osteoclastic bone resorption, the bone formation capacity is temporarily elevated in the infected mice, possibly via some anti-microbial compensational mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, 7500 Cambridge Street, Suite 5366, Houston 77054, TX, USA.
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Eick S, Strugar T, Miron RJ, Sculean A. In vitro-activity of oily calcium hydroxide suspension on microorganisms as well as on human alveolar osteoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:9. [PMID: 24475753 PMCID: PMC3915246 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Findings from animal and human studies have indicated that an oily calcium hydroxide suspension (OCHS) may improve early wound healing in the treatment of periodontitis. Calcium hydroxide as the main component is well known for its antimicrobial activity, however at present the effect of OCHS on the influence of periodontal wound healing/regeneration is still very limited. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of OCHS on periodontopathogenic bacteria as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Methods Human alveolar osteoblasts (HAO) and periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts were cultured on 3 concentrations of OCHS (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg). Adhesion and proliferation were counted up to 48 h and mineralization was assayed after 1 and 2 weeks. Furthermore potential growth inhibitory activity on microorganisms associated with periodontal disease (e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) as well as the influence of periodontopathogens and OCHS on the HAO and PDL fibroblasts counts were determined. Results More than a 2-fold increase in adherent HAO cells was observed at 4 h following application of OCHS when compared to the control group (p = 0.007 for 2.5 mg). Proliferation of HAO cells at 48 h was stimulated by moderate concentrations (2.5 mg; 5 mg) of OCHS (each p < 0.001), whereas a high concentration (7.5 mg) of OCHS was inhibitory (p = 0.009). Mineralization was observed only for HAO cells treated with OCHS. OCHS did not exert any positive effect on attachment or proliferation of PDL fibroblasts. Although OCHS did not have an antibacterial effect, it did positively influence attachment and proliferation of HAO cells and PDL fibroblasts in the presence of periodontopathogens. Conclusions The present data suggests that OCHS promotes osteoblast attachment, proliferation and mineralization in a concentration-dependent manner and results are maintained in the presence of periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Stafford P, Higham J, Pinnock A, Murdoch C, Douglas CWI, Stafford GP, Lambert DW. Gingipain-dependent degradation of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway proteins by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis during invasion. Mol Oral Microbiol 2013; 28:366-78. [PMID: 23714361 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia are gram-negative pathogens strongly associated with periodontitis. Their abilities to interact, invade and persist within host cells are considered crucial to their pathogenicity, but the mechanisms by which they subvert host defences are not well understood. In this study, we set out to investigate whether P. gingivalis and T. forsythia directly target key signalling molecules that may modulate the host cell phenotype to favour invasion and persistence. Our data identify, for the first time, that P. gingivalis, but not T. forsythia, reduces levels of intracellular mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in oral epithelial cells following invasion over a 4-h time course, via the action of gingipains. The ability of cytochalasin D to abrogate P. gingivalis-mediated mTOR degradation suggests that this effect is dependent upon cellular invasion. We also show that levels of several other proteins in the mTOR signalling pathway are modulated by gingipains, either directly or as a consequence of mTOR degradation including p-4E-BP1. Taken together, our data suggest that P. gingivalis manipulates the mTOR pathway, providing evidence for a potentially novel mechanism by which P. gingivalis mediates its effects on host cell responses to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stafford
- Integrated Bioscience, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Reddi D, Belibasakis GN. Transcriptional profiling of bone marrow stromal cells in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis secreted products. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43899. [PMID: 22937121 PMCID: PMC3427182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth-supporting (periodontal) tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis is an oral pathogen highly implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. It can exert its effects to a number of cells, including osteogenic bone marrow stromal cells which are important for homeostastic capacity of the tissues. By employing gene microarray technology, this study aimed to describe the overall transcriptional events (>2-fold regulation) elicited by P. gingivalis secreted products in bone marrow stromal cells, and to dissect further the categories of genes involved in bone metabolism, inflammatory and immune responses. After 6 h of challenge with P. gingivalis, 271 genes were up-regulated whereas 209 genes were down-regulated, whereas after 24 h, these numbers were 259 and 109, respectively. The early (6 h) response was characterised by regulation of genes associated with inhibition of cell cycle, induction of apoptosis and loss of structural integrity, whereas the late (24 h) response was characterised by induction of chemokines, cytokines and their associated intracellular pathways (such as NF-κB), mediators of connective tissue and bone destruction, and suppression of regulators of osteogenic differentiation. The most strongly up-regulated genes were lipocalin 2 (LCN2) and serum amyloid A3 (SAA3), both encoding for proteins of the acute phase inflammatory response. Collectively, these transcriptional changes elicited by P. gingivalis denote that the fundamental cellular functions are hindered, and that the cells acquire a phenotype commensurate with propagated innate immune response and inflammatory-mediated tissue destruction. In conclusion, the global transcriptional profile of bone marrow stromal cells in response to P. gingivalis is marked by deregulated homeostatic functions, with implications in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Reddi
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Barts and the London Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios N. Belibasakis
- Centre for Adult Oral Health, Barts and the London Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Tsuge S, Mizutani Y, Matsuoka K, Sawasaki T, Endo Y, Naruishi K, Maeda H, Takashiba S, Shiogama K, Inada KI, Tsutsumi Y. Specific in situ visualization of plasma cells producing antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis in gingival radicular cyst: application of the enzyme-labeled antigen method. J Histochem Cytochem 2011; 59:673-89. [PMID: 21525188 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411408906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme-labeled antigen method was applied to visualize plasma cells producing antibodies to Porphyromonas gingivalis, flora of the human oral cavity. Antibodies to P. gingivalis have reportedly been detected in sera of patients with periodontitis. Biotinylated bacterial antigens, Ag53, and four gingipain domains (Arg-pro, Arg-hgp, Lys-pro, and Lys-hgp) were prepared by the cell-free protein synthesis system using the wheat germ extract. In paraformaldehyde-fixed frozen sections of rat lymph nodes experimentally immunized with Ag53-positive and Ag53-negative P. gingivalis, plasma cells were labeled with biotinylated Arg-hgp and Lys-hgp. Antibodies to Ag53 were detected only in the nodes immunized with Ag53-positive bacteria. In two of eight lesions of gingival radicular cyst with inflammatory infiltration, CD138-positive plasma cells in frozen sections were signalized for Arg-hgp and Lys-hgp. An absorption study using unlabeled antigens confirmed the specificity of staining. The AlphaScreen method identified the same-type antibodies in tissue extracts but not in sera. Antibodies to Ag53, Arg-pro, and Lys-pro were undetectable. In two cases, serum antibodies to Arg-hgp and Lys-hgp were AlphaScreen positive, whereas plasma cells were scarcely observed within the lesions. These findings indicate the validity of the enzyme-labeled antigen method. This is the very first application of this novel histochemical technique to human clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tsuge
- Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Zhang W, Ju J, Rigney T, Tribble GD. Fimbriae of Porphyromonas gingivalis are important for initial invasion of osteoblasts, but not for inhibition of their differentiation and mineralization. J Periodontol 2010; 82:909-16. [PMID: 21189086 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis is etiologically associated with chronic periodontitis. The major fimbriae of this periodontal pathogen mediate binding to host gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts, a critical function in the initiation of periodontitis. However, the role of fimbriae in P. gingivalis-osteoblast interactions remains unknown. In the present study, the involvement of major fimbriae in the initial and long-term interactions between P. gingivalis and osteoblasts is investigated. METHODS Primary mouse calvarial osteoblast cultures were established and inoculated with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 or YPF1, a major fimbriae-deficient mutant of P. gingivalis. Confocal microscopy images were acquired to assess bacterial invasion. DNA content measurement, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and alizarin red S staining and calcium content analysis were used to study the impact of bacteria on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts, respectively. RESULTS Compared to the parent strain, YPF1 was significantly reduced in invasion of osteoblasts after 3 hours interaction. However, extended culture of infected osteoblasts did not reveal significant differences in persistence between the two strains. Proliferation of osteoblasts was not affected by either strain, and differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts were inhibited by both strains to comparable levels. CONCLUSION This study reveals that major fimbriae are involved in the initial invasion of osteoblasts by P. gingivalis, but are not essential for the subsequent inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in long-term culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Guo Y, Nguyen KA, Potempa J. Dichotomy of gingipains action as virulence factors: from cleaving substrates with the precision of a surgeon's knife to a meat chopper-like brutal degradation of proteins. Periodontol 2000 2010; 54:15-44. [PMID: 20712631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00377.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Xu XH, Dong SS, Guo Y, Yang TL, Lei SF, Papasian CJ, Zhao M, Deng HW. Molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis: the 2009 update. Endocr Rev 2010; 31:447-505. [PMID: 20357209 PMCID: PMC3365849 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a complex human disease that results in increased susceptibility to fragility fractures. It can be phenotypically characterized using several traits, including bone mineral density, bone size, bone strength, and bone turnover markers. The identification of gene variants that contribute to osteoporosis phenotypes, or responses to therapy, can eventually help individualize the prognosis, treatment, and prevention of fractures and their adverse outcomes. Our previously published reviews have comprehensively summarized the progress of molecular genetic studies of gene identification for osteoporosis and have covered the data available to the end of September 2007. This review represents our continuing efforts to summarize the important and representative findings published between October 2007 and November 2009. The topics covered include genetic association and linkage studies in humans, transgenic and knockout mouse models, as well as gene-expression microarray and proteomics studies. Major results are tabulated for comparison and ease of reference. Comments are made on the notable findings and representative studies for their potential influence and implications on our present understanding of the genetics of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hong Xu
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Zhang W, Swearingen EB, Ju J, Rigney T, Tribble GD. Porphyromonas gingivalis invades osteoblasts and inhibits bone formation. Microbes Infect 2010; 12:838-45. [PMID: 20538069 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is etiologically associated with adult periodontitis, but it is unclear how P. gingivalis long-term interactions with bone cells contribute to this disease. This study investigates P. gingivalis interactions with osteoblasts over an extended time course. A primary mouse calvarial osteoblast culture was established and inoculated with P. gingivalis 33277 repeatedly every other day for up to four weeks. Invasion of osteoblasts by P. gingivalis, and the resulting effects on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts were evaluated. P. gingivalis was found to invade osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner, and repetitive inoculation increased the percentage of osteoblasts with internalized P. gingivalis. P. gingivalis did not affect osteoblast proliferation, but inhibited their differentiation and mineralization, partially via an inhibition of the differentiation regulatory transcription factors Cbfa-1 and osterix. In conclusion, P. gingivalis invades osteoblasts and inhibits bone formation, which likely contributes to alveolar bone loss in chronic periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Inaba H, Kuboniwa M, Bainbridge B, Yilmaz O, Katz J, Shiverick KT, Amano A, Lamont RJ. Porphyromonas gingivalis invades human trophoblasts and inhibits proliferation by inducing G1 arrest and apoptosis. Cell Microbiol 2009; 11:1517-32. [PMID: 19523155 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2009.01344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an oral pathogen that is also associated with serious systemic conditions such as preterm delivery. Here we investigated the interaction between P. gingivalis and a cell line of extravillous trophoblasts (HTR-8) derived from the human placenta. P. gingivalis internalized within HTR-8 cells and inhibited proliferation through induction of arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. G1 arrest was associated with decreased expression of cyclin D and of CDKs 2, 4 and 6. In addition, levels of CDK inhibitors p15, p16, p18 and p21 were increased following P. gingivalis infection. The amount of Rb was diminished by P. gingivalis, and transient overexpression of Rb, with concomitant upregulation of phospho-Rb, relieved P. gingivalis-induced G1 arrest. HTR-8 cells halted in the G1 phase became apoptotic, and apoptosis was accompanied by an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and increased activity of caspases 3, 7 and 9. HTR-8 cells infected with P. gingivalis also exhibited a sustained activation of ERK1/2, and knock-down of ERK1/2 activity with siRNA abrogated both G1 arrest and apoptosis. Thus, P. gingivalis can invade placental trophoblasts and induce G1 arrest and apoptosis through pathways involving ERK1/2 and its downstream effectors, properties that provide a mechanistic basis for pathogenicity in complications of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Inaba
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, USA
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