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Didaran F, Kordrostami M, Ghasemi-Soloklui AA, Pashkovskiy P, Kreslavski V, Kuznetsov V, Allakhverdiev SI. The mechanisms of photoinhibition and repair in plants under high light conditions and interplay with abiotic stressors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 259:113004. [PMID: 39137703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
This review comprehensively examines the phenomenon of photoinhibition in plants, focusing mainly on the intricate relationship between photodamage and photosystem II (PSII) repair and the role of PSII extrinsic proteins and protein phosphorylation in these processes. In natural environments, photoinhibition occurs together with a suite of concurrent stress factors, including extreme temperatures, drought and salinization. Photoinhibition, primarily caused by high irradiance, results in a critical imbalance between the rate of PSII photodamage and its repair. Central to this process is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which not only impair the photosynthetic apparatus first PSII but also play a signalling role in chloroplasts and other cellulular structures. ROS generated under stress conditions inhibit the repair of photodamaged PSII by suppressing D1 protein synthesis and affecting PSII protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, this review considers how environmental stressors exacerbate PSII damage by interfering with PSII repair primarily by reducing de novo protein synthesis. In addition to causing direct damage, these stressors also contribute to ROS production by restricting CO2 fixation, which also reduces the intensity of protein synthesis. This knowledge has significant implications for agricultural practices and crop improvement under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardad Didaran
- Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kordrostami
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Ghasemi-Soloklui
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Pavel Pashkovskiy
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kuznetsov
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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2
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Demircan N, Sonmez MC, Akyol TY, Ozgur R, Turkan I, Dietz KJ, Uzilday B. Alternative electron sinks in chloroplasts and mitochondria of halophytes as a safety valve for controlling ROS production during salinity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14397. [PMID: 38894507 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Electron flow through the electron transport chain (ETC) is essential for oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Electron fluxes depend on environmental parameters, e.g., ionic and osmotic conditions and endogenous factors, and this may cause severe imbalances. Plants have evolved alternative sinks to balance the reductive load on the electron transport chains in order to avoid overreduction, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to cope with environmental stresses. These sinks act primarily as valves for electron drainage and secondarily as regulators of tolerance-related metabolism, utilizing the excess reductive energy. High salinity is an environmental stressor that stimulates the generation of ROS and oxidative stress, which affects growth and development by disrupting the redox homeostasis of plants. While glycophytic plants are sensitive to high salinity, halophytic plants tolerate, grow, and reproduce at high salinity. Various studies have examined the ETC systems of glycophytic plants, however, information about the state and regulation of ETCs in halophytes under non-saline and saline conditions is scarce. This review focuses on alternative electron sinks in chloroplasts and mitochondria of halophytic plants. In cases where information on halophytes is lacking, we examined the available knowledge on the relationship between alternative sinks and gradual salinity resilience of glycophytes. To this end, transcriptional responses of involved components of photosynthetic and respiratory ETCs were compared between the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana and the halophyte Schrenkiella parvula, and the time-courses of these transcripts were examined in A. thaliana. The observed regulatory patterns are discussed in the context of reactive molecular species formation in halophytes and glycophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Demircan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Turgut Yigit Akyol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rengin Ozgur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Turkan
- Department of Soil and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Yasar University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Baris Uzilday
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
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3
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Su F, Zhao B, Dhondt-Cordelier S, Vaillant-Gaveau N. Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Modulate Carbohydrate Metabolism in Connection with Host Plant Defense Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1465. [PMID: 38338742 PMCID: PMC10855160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could potentially enhance photosynthesis and benefit plant growth by improving soil nutrient uptake and affecting plant hormone balance. Several recent studies have unveiled a correlation between alterations in photosynthesis and host plant resistance levels. Photosynthesis provides materials and energy for plant growth and immune defense and affects defense-related signaling pathways. Photosynthetic organelles, which could be strengthened by PGPR inoculation, are key centers for defense signal biosynthesis and transmission. Although endophytic PGPRs metabolize plant photosynthates, they can increase soluble sugar levels and alternate sugar type and distribution. Soluble sugars clearly support plant growth and can act as secondary messengers under stressed conditions. Overall, carbohydrate metabolism modifications induced by PGPR may also play a key role in improving plant resistance. We provide a concise overview of current knowledge regarding PGPR-induced modulation in carbohydrate metabolism under both pathogen-infected and pathogen-free conditions. We highlight PGPR application as a cost-saving strategy amidst unpredictable pathogen pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Su
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes—USC INRAE 1488, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France;
| | - Nathalie Vaillant-Gaveau
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bioprotection des Plantes—USC INRAE 1488, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France;
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Rudenko NN, Vetoshkina DV, Marenkova TV, Borisova-Mubarakshina MM. Antioxidants of Non-Enzymatic Nature: Their Function in Higher Plant Cells and the Ways of Boosting Their Biosynthesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2014. [PMID: 38001867 PMCID: PMC10669185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic and biotic stresses leading to increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. ROS are capable of oxidizing proteins, pigments, lipids, nucleic acids, and other cell molecules, disrupting their functional activity. During the process of evolution, numerous antioxidant systems were formed in plants, including antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight non-enzymatic antioxidants. Antioxidant systems perform neutralization of ROS and therefore prevent oxidative damage of cell components. In the present review, we focus on the biosynthesis of non-enzymatic antioxidants in higher plants cells such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C), glutathione, flavonoids, isoprenoids, carotenoids, tocopherol (vitamin E), ubiquinone, and plastoquinone. Their functioning and their reactivity with respect to individual ROS will be described. This review is also devoted to the modern genetic engineering methods, which are widely used to change the quantitative and qualitative content of the non-enzymatic antioxidants in cultivated plants. These methods allow various plant lines with given properties to be obtained in a rather short time. The most successful approaches for plant transgenesis and plant genome editing for the enhancement of biosynthesis and the content of these antioxidants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N. Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
| | - Daria V. Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
| | - Tatiana V. Marenkova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Maria M. Borisova-Mubarakshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Pushchino 142290, Russia; (D.V.V.); (M.M.B.-M.)
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5
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Ma L, Song T, Yu Y, Liu L, Qu M, Zhou S, Meng X, Fan H. Target of rapamycin (TOR) plays a role in regulating ROS-induced chloroplast damage during cucumber (Cucumis sativus) leaf senescence. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14124. [PMID: 38148210 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In cucumber production, delaying leaf senescence is crucial for improving cucumber yield and quality. Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase in eukaryotes, which can integrate exogenous and endogenous signals (such as cell energy state levels) to stimulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, no studies have yet examined the regulatory role of TOR signalling in cucumber leaf senescence. In this study, the effects of TOR signalling on dark-induced cucumber leaf senescence were investigated using the TOR activator MHY1485 and inhibitor AZD8055 combined with transient transformation techniques. The results indicate that TOR responds to dark-induced leaf senescence, and alterations in TOR activity/expression influence cucumber leaf resistance to dark-induced senescence. Specifically, in plants with elevated TOR activity/expression, we observed reduced expression of senescence-related genes, less membrane lipid damage, decreased cell apoptosis, lower levels of reactive oxygen species production, and less damage to the photosynthetic system compared to the control. In contrast, in plants with reduced TOR activity/expression, we observed higher expression of senescence-related genes, increased membrane lipid damage, enhanced cell apoptosis, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species production, and more damage to the photosynthetic system. These comprehensive results underscore the critical role of TOR in regulating dark-induced cucumber leaf senescence. These findings provide a foundation for controlling premature leaf senescence in cucumber production and offer insights for further exploration of leaf senescence mechanisms and the development of more effective control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Ma
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiefeng Song
- Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linghao Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengqi Qu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangnan Meng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Kozuleva MA, Ivanov BN. Superoxide Anion Radical Generation in Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1045-1060. [PMID: 37758306 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923080011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes data available in the literature on the rates, characteristics, and mechanisms of oxygen reduction to a superoxide anion radical at the sites of photosynthetic electron transport chain where this reduction has been established. The existing assumptions about the role of the components of these sites in this process are critically examined using thermodynamic approaches and results of the recent studies. The process of O2 reduction at the acceptor side of PSI, which is considered the main site of this process taking place in the photosynthetic chain, is described in detail. Evolution of photosynthetic apparatus in the context of controlling the leakage of electrons to O2 is explored. The reasons limiting application of the results obtained with the isolated segments of the photosynthetic chain to estimate the rates of O2 reduction at the corresponding sites in the intact thylakoid membrane are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Kozuleva
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Boris N Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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Zhao Q, Shen W, Gu Y, Hu J, Ma Y, Zhang X, Du Y, Zhang Y, Du J. Exogenous melatonin mitigates saline-alkali stress by decreasing DNA oxidative damage and enhancing photosynthetic carbon metabolism in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) leaves. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13983. [PMID: 37616002 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress (SS) is a common abiotic stress affecting crop cultivation worldwide, seriously inhibiting plant growth and biomass accumulation. Melatonin has been proven to relieve the inhibition of multiple abiotic stresses on plant growth. Therefore, soybean cultivars Heihe 49 (HH49, SS-tolerant) and Henong 95 (HN95, SS-sensitive) were pot-cultured in SS soil and then treated with 300 μM melatonin at the V1 stage, when the first trifoliate leaves were fully unfolded, to investigate if melatonin has an effect on SS. SS increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in soybean leaves and thereby induced DNA oxidative damage. In addition, SS retarded cell growth and decreased the mesophyll cell size, chloroplast number, photosynthetic pigment content, which further reduced the light energy capture and electron transport rate in soybean leaves, and affected carbohydrate accumulation and metabolism. However, melatonin treatment reduced SS-induced ROS accumulation in the soybean leaves by increasing antioxidant content and oxidase activity. Effective removal of ROS reduced SS-induced DNA oxidative damage in the soybean leaf genome, which was represented by decreased random-amplified polymorphic DNA polymorphism, 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanine content, and relative density of apurinic/apyrimidinic-sites. Melatonin treatment also increased the volume of mesophyll cells, the numbers of chloroplast and starch grains, the contents of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids in soybean seedling leaves treated with SS, thereby increasing the efficiency of effective light capture and electron transfer and improving photosynthesis. Subsequently, carbohydrate accumulation and metabolism in soybean leaves under SS were improved by melatonin treatment, which contributes to providing basic substances and energy for cell growth and metabolism, ultimately improving soybean SS tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, PR China
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land Improvement Engineering Technology in Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, PR China
| | - Wanzheng Shen
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, PR China
| | - Yanhua Gu
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, PR China
| | - Jiachen Hu
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, PR China
| | - Yue Ma
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, PR China
| | - Xinlin Zhang
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, PR China
| | - Yanli Du
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, PR China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, PR China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing, PR China
| | - Jidao Du
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Soybean Mechanized Production, Daqing, PR China
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land Improvement Engineering Technology in Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, PR China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing, PR China
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8
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Zheng X, Zhang B, Pan N, Cheng X, Lu W. Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Cadmium Stress by Enhancing Photosynthetic Efficiency and Regulating Sugar Metabolism in Wheat Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2413. [PMID: 37446974 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays prominent multifunctional roles in the mediation of various physiological processes and stress responses to plants. In this study, hydroponic experiments were carried out to explore the effects of NaHS pretreatment on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under 50 μM cadmium (Cd). Compared with Cd treatment alone, 50 μM NaHS pretreatment increased the plant height, soluble sugar content of shoots and roots, and dry weight of shoots and roots under Cd stress, while the Cd concentration of shoots and roots was significantly reduced by 18.1% and 25.9%, respectively. Meanwhile, NaHS pretreatment protected the photosynthetic apparatus by increasing the net photosynthetic rate and PSII electron transportation rate of wheat leaves under Cd stress. NaHS pretreatment significantly increased the soluble sugar content to maintain the osmotic pressure balance of the leaf cells. The gene expression results associated with photosynthetic carbon assimilation and sucrose synthesis in wheat leaves suggested that the NaHS pretreatment significantly up-regulated the expression of TaRBCL, TaRBCS, and TaPRK, while it down-regulated the expression of TaFBA, TaSuSy, TaSAInv, and TaA/NInv. In summary, NaHS pretreatment improved the resistance of wheat seedlings under Cd stress by increasing the rate of photosynthesis and regulating the expression of genes related to sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Ni Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Wang L, Liu B, Zhang W, Li Q, Lin B, Wei C. An unrecognized entry pathway of submicrometre plastics into crop root: The split of hole in protective layer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131732. [PMID: 37295328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Threats to food safety caused by the continuous accumulation of plastic particles in the terrestrial environment is currently a worldwide concern. To date, descriptions of how plastic particles pass the external biological barrier of crop root have been vague. Here, we demonstrated that submicrometre polystyrene particles passed unimpededly the external biological barrier of maize through the split of holes in the protective layer. We identified plastic particles induced the apical epidermal cells of root tips become round, thereby expanding the intercellular space. It further pulled apart the protective layer between the epidermal cells, and eventually formed the entry pathway for plastic particles. The enhancement of oxidative stress level induced by plastic particles was the main reason for the deformation of the apical epidermal cells (increased roundness values: 15.5%), comparing to the control. Our findings further indicated that the presence of cadmium was conducive to the "holes" formation. Our results highlighted the critical insights into the fracture mechanisms of plastic particles for the external biological barriers of crop roots, providing a strong incentive to access the risk of plastic particles in agriculture security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luya Wang
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; National Long-term Experimental Station for Agriculture Green Development, Danzhou 571737, PR China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Danzhou 571737, PR China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Eco-Circular Agriculture, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Qinfen Li
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Bigui Lin
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; National Long-term Experimental Station for Agriculture Green Development, Danzhou 571737, PR China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Danzhou 571737, PR China.
| | - Chaoxian Wei
- Environmental and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Tropical region of China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, PR China; National Long-term Experimental Station for Agriculture Green Development, Danzhou 571737, PR China; National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Danzhou 571737, PR China.
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10
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Vetoshkina D, Balashov N, Ivanov B, Ashikhmin A, Borisova-Mubarakshina M. Light harvesting regulation: A versatile network of key components operating under various stress conditions in higher plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:576-588. [PMID: 36529008 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Light harvesting is finetuned through two main strategies controlling energy transfer to the reaction centers of photosystems: i) regulating the amount of light energy at the absorption level, ii) regulating the amount of the absorbed energy at the utilization level. The first strategy is ensured by changes in the cross-section, i.e., the size of the photosynthetic antenna. These changes can occur in a short-term (state transitions) or long-term way (changes in antenna protein biosynthesis) depending on the light conditions. The interrelation of these two ways is still underexplored. Regulating light absorption through the long-term modulation of photosystem II antenna size has been mostly considered as an acclimatory mechanism to light conditions. The present review highlights that this mechanism represents one of the most versatile mechanisms of higher plant acclimation to various conditions including drought, salinity, temperature changes, and even biotic factors. We suggest that H2O2 is the universal signaling agent providing the switch from the short-term to long-term modulation of photosystem II antenna size under these factors. The second strategy of light harvesting is represented by redirecting energy to waste mainly via thermal energy dissipation in the photosystem II antenna in high light through PsbS protein and xanthophyll cycle. In the latter case, H2O2 also plays a considerable role. This circumstance may explain the maintenance of the appropriate level of zeaxanthin not only upon high light but also upon other stress factors. Thus, the review emphasizes the significance of both strategies for ensuring plant sustainability under various environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 2, Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Nikolay Balashov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 2, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Boris Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 2, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Ashikhmin
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 2, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Maria Borisova-Mubarakshina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 2, Pushchino, Russia.
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11
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Tong X, Kim EJ, Lee JK. Sustainability of in vitro light-dependent NADPH generation by the thylakoid membrane of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:94. [PMID: 35643504 PMCID: PMC9148488 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NADPH is used as a reductant in various biosynthetic reactions. Cell-free bio-systems have gained considerable attention owing to their high energy utilization and time efficiency. Efforts have been made to continuously supply reducing power to the reaction mixture in a cyclical manner. The thylakoid membrane (TM) is a promising molecular energy generator, producing NADPH under light. Thus, TM sustainability is of major relevance for its in vitro utilization. RESULTS Over 70% of TMs prepared from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 existed in a sealed vesicular structure, with the F1 complex of ATP synthase facing outward (right-side-out), producing NADPH and ATP under light. The NADPH generation activity of TM increased approximately two-fold with the addition of carbonyl cyanide-p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP) or removal of the F1 complex using EDTA. Thus, the uncoupling of proton translocation from the electron transport chain or proton leakage through the Fo complex resulted in greater NADPH generation. Biosilicified TM retained more than 80% of its NADPH generation activity after a week at 30°C in the dark. However, activity declined sharply to below 30% after two days in light. The introduction of engineered water-forming NADPH oxidase (Noxm) to keep the electron transport chain of TM working resulted in the improved sustainability of NADPH generation activity in a ratio (Noxm to TM)-dependent manner, which correlated with the decrease of singlet oxygen generation. Removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by catalase further highlighted the sustainable NADPH generation activity of up to 80% in two days under light. CONCLUSION Reducing power generated by light energy has to be consumed for TM sustainability. Otherwise, TM can generate singlet oxygen, causing oxidative damage. Thus, TMs should be kept in the dark when not in use. Although NADPH generation activity by TM can be extended via silica encapsulation, further removal of hydrogen peroxide results in an improvement of TM sustainability. Therefore, as long as ROS formation by TM in light is properly handled, it can be used as a promising source of reducing power for in vitro biochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Tong
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Mapo, Shinsu 1, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Eui-Jin Kim
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Sangju-si, 37242, Korea.
| | - Jeong K Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Mapo, Shinsu 1, Seoul, 121-742, Korea.
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12
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Fitzpatrick D, Aro EM, Tiwari A. True oxygen reduction capacity during photosynthetic electron transfer in thylakoids and intact leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:112-128. [PMID: 35166847 PMCID: PMC9070831 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in electron transport processes of living organisms in oxygenic environments. Chloroplasts are plant bioenergetics hubs where imbalances between photosynthetic inputs and outputs drive ROS generation upon changing environmental conditions. Plants have harnessed various site-specific thylakoid membrane ROS products into environmental sensory signals. Our current understanding of ROS production in thylakoids suggests that oxygen (O2) reduction takes place at numerous components of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain (PETC). To refine models of site-specific O2 reduction capacity of various PETC components in isolated thylakoids of Arabidopsis thaliana, we quantified the stoichiometry of oxygen production and consumption reactions associated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation using membrane inlet mass spectrometry and specific inhibitors. Combined with P700 spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping, we demonstrate that electron flow to photosystem I (PSI) is essential for H2O2 accumulation during the photosynthetic linear electron transport process. Further leaf disc measurements provided clues that H2O2 from PETC has a potential of increasing mitochondrial respiration and CO2 release. Based on gas exchange analyses in control, site-specific inhibitor-, methyl viologen-, and catalase-treated thylakoids, we provide compelling evidence of no contribution of plastoquinone pool or cytochrome b6f to chloroplastic H2O2 accumulation. The putative production of H2O2 in any PETC location other than PSI is rapidly quenched and therefore cannot function in H2O2 translocation to another cellular location or in signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Fitzpatrick
- Department of Life Technologies, Molecular Plant Biology Unit, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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13
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Regulation of the generation of reactive oxygen species during photosynthetic electron transport. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1025-1034. [PMID: 35437580 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Light capture by chlorophylls and photosynthetic electron transport bury the risk of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Rapid changes in light intensity, electron fluxes and accumulation of strong oxidants and reductants increase ROS production. Superoxide is mainly generated at the level of photosystem I while photosystem II is the main source of singlet oxygen. ROS can induce oxidative damage of the photosynthetic apparatus, however, ROS are also important to tune processes inside the chloroplast and participate in retrograde signalling regulating the expression of genes involved in acclimation responses. Under most physiological conditions light harvesting and photosynthetic electron transport are regulated to keep the level of ROS at a non-destructive level. Photosystem II is most prone to photoinhibition but can be quickly repaired while photosystem I is protected in most cases. The size of the transmembrane proton gradient is central for the onset of mechanisms that protect against photoinhibition. The proton gradient allows dissipation of excess energy as heat in the antenna systems and it regulates electron transport. pH-dependent slowing down of electron donation to photosystem I protects it against ROS generation and damage. Cyclic electron transfer and photoreduction of oxygen contribute to the size of the proton gradient. The yield of singlet oxygen production in photosystem II is regulated by changes in the midpoint potential of its primary quinone acceptor. In addition, numerous antioxidants inside the photosystems, the antenna and the thylakoid membrane quench or scavenge ROS.
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14
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Dong Y, Bao Q, Gao M, Qiu W, Song Z. A novel mechanism study of microplastic and As co-contamination on indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126694. [PMID: 34332483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although the compound pollution of microplastics and arsenic (As) in paddy soil can affect the growth and quality of rice, relevant research on this phenomenon was limited. Therefore, we combined a pot experiment with computational chemistry to explore the effects and mechanism of polystyrene (PSMP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microplastics on As bioavailability. PSMP and PTFE interacted with rice root exudates through van der Waals forces, approached the rice root system, inhibited root activity, reduced the relative abundance of Geobacteria and Anaeromyxobacter, and consequently reduced the iron plaques on the root surfaces. Consequently, As uptake by the rice was inhibited. PSMP and PTFE reduced the hemoglobin content by directly destroying its tertiary structure, thereby retarding rice growth. In contrast, As increased the hemoglobin content by inducing reactive oxygen species in rice. Under the influence of PSMP, PTFE, and As, the activities of soluble starch synthase and pyrophosphorylase in rice grains were inhibited, and starch accumulation decreased. Thus, PSMP, PTFE, and As reduced rice biomass and yield owing to their physiological toxicity and adverse impacts on root activity. Grain yields in soil with an As content of 86.3 mg·kg-1, 0.5% small particle-sized PSMP, and 0.5% small particle-sized PTFE decreased by 30.7%, 20.6%, and 19.4%, respectively, compared to the control. This study determined the comprehensive mechanism through which PSMP and PTFE affect As bioavailability, which is critical for managing rice biomass and low yields in As and microplastic co-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Dong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qiongli Bao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Weiwen Qiu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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15
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Dong Y, Gao M, Qiu W, Song Z. Uptake of microplastics by carrots in presence of As (III): Combined toxic effects. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125055. [PMID: 33482507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Current research on the migration of microplastics into plants is in its most important phase; however, there is no such research on root vegetables, even though the edible parts of root vegetables are in direct contact with microplastics. Considering arsenic (As)-containing groundwater used in hydroponics and the degradation of plastic materials in hydroponic facilities, we investigated the impacts of As and polystyrene (PS) microplastics on carrot growth. We found that PS microplastics sized 1 µm can enter carrot roots and accumulate in the intercellular layer but are unable to enter the cells; those sized 0.2 µm can migrate to the leaves. Larger microplastics can enter the roots (PS particles sized 1219.7 nm) and leaves (607.2 nm) in presence of As (III). Gaussian analysis shows that As increases the negatively charged area of PS and causes a greater amount of microplastics to enter the carrot. As also causes cell walls to distort and deform, allowing PS particles (< 200 nm) to enter the cells. PS and 4 mg L-1 As can induce oxidative bursts in carrot tissue, reducing the carrot quality. Moreover, As exacerbates the effect of PS on carrots. Molecular docking results show that the presence of PS in carrots destroys the tertiary structure of pectin methyl esterase and causes carrots to lose their crispness. These findings indicate that plastic material in hydroponic facilities can be leached to crops. Microplastics produced by the degradation of such materials not only reduce the nutritional value of carrots, leading to economic losses, but also pose potential risks to human health. The presence of As in the hydroponic solution results in more PS entering the carrot tissue and even the cells, bringing greater health threats for the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Dong
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Weiwen Qiu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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16
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Dopp IJ, Yang X, Mackenzie SA. A new take on organelle-mediated stress sensing in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:2148-2153. [PMID: 33704791 PMCID: PMC8214450 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants are able to adjust phenotype in response to changes in the environment. This system depends on an internal capacity to sense environmental conditions and to process this information to plant response. Recent studies have pointed to mitochondria and plastids as important environmental sensors, capable of perceiving stressful conditions and triggering gene expression, epigenomic, metabolic and phytohormone changes in the plant. These processes involve integrated gene networks that ultimately modulate the energy balance between growth and plant defense. This review attempts to link several unusual recent findings into a comprehensive hypothesis for the regulation of plant phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J. Dopp
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sally A. Mackenzie
- Departments of Biology and Plant Science, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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17
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Buffon G, Blasi ÉADR, Lamb TI, Adamski JM, Schwambach J, Ricachenevsky FK, Bertolazi A, Silveira V, Lopes MCB, Sperotto RA. Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare and Oryza barthii as Unexpected Tolerance and Susceptibility Sources Against Schizotetranychus oryzae (Acari: Tetranychidae) Mite Infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:613568. [PMID: 33643348 PMCID: PMC7902502 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.613568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) is frequently exposed to multiple stresses, including Schizotetranychus oryzae mite infestation. Rice domestication has narrowed the genetic diversity of the species, leading to a wide susceptibility. This work aimed to analyze the response of two African rice species (Oryza barthii and Oryza glaberrima), weedy rice (O. sativa f. spontanea), and O. sativa cv. Nipponbare to S. oryzae infestation. Surprisingly, leaf damage, histochemistry, and chlorophyll concentration/fluorescence indicated that the African species present a higher level of leaf damage, increased accumulation of H2O2, and lower photosynthetic capacity when compared to O. sativa plants under infested conditions. Infestation decreased tiller number, except in Nipponbare, and caused the death of O. barthii and O. glaberrima plants during the reproductive stage. While infestation did not affect the weight of 1,000 grains in both O. sativa, the number of panicles per plant was affected only in O. sativa f. spontanea, and the percentage of full seeds per panicle and seed length were increased only in Nipponbare. Using proteomic analysis, we identified 195 differentially abundant proteins when comparing susceptible (O. barthii) and tolerant (Nipponbare) plants under control and infested conditions. O. barthii presents a less abundant antioxidant arsenal and is unable to modulate proteins involved in general metabolism and energy production under infested condition. Nipponbare presents high abundance of detoxification-related proteins, general metabolic processes, and energy production, suggesting that the primary metabolism is maintained more active compared to O. barthii under infested condition. Also, under infested conditions, Nipponbare presents higher levels of proline and a greater abundance of defense-related proteins, such as osmotin, ricin B-like lectin, and protease inhibitors (PIs). These differentially abundant proteins can be used as biotechnological tools in breeding programs aiming at increased tolerance to mite infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giseli Buffon
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Taquari Valley-Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
| | | | - Thainá Inês Lamb
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, University of Taquari Valley-Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Janete Mariza Adamski
- Graduate Program in Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joséli Schwambach
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bertolazi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | | | - Raul Antonio Sperotto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of Taquari Valley-Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
- Biological Sciences and Health Center, University of Taquari Valley-Univates, Lajeado, Brazil
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18
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Coenzyme Q 10 Analogues: Benefits and Challenges for Therapeutics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020236. [PMID: 33557229 PMCID: PMC7913973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 or ubiquinone) is a mobile proton and electron carrier of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with antioxidant properties widely used as an antiaging health supplement and to relieve the symptoms of many pathological conditions associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Even though the hegemony of CoQ10 in the context of antioxidant-based treatments is undeniable, the future primacy of this quinone is hindered by the promising features of its numerous analogues. Despite the unimpeachable performance of CoQ10 therapies, problems associated with their administration and intraorganismal delivery has led clinicians and scientists to search for alternative derivative molecules. Over the past few years, a wide variety of CoQ10 analogues with improved properties have been developed. These analogues conserve the antioxidant features of CoQ10 but present upgraded characteristics such as water solubility or enhanced mitochondrial accumulation. Moreover, recent studies have proven that some of these analogues might even outperform CoQ10 in the treatment of certain specific diseases. The aim of this review is to provide detailed information about these Coenzyme Q10 analogues, as well as their functionality and medical applications.
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19
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Mohsenpour H, Pesce M, Patruno A, Bahrami A, Pour PM, Farzaei MH. A Review of Plant Extracts and Plant-Derived Natural Compounds in the Prevention/Treatment of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E833. [PMID: 33467663 PMCID: PMC7830094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is one of the major drawbacks of mortality and causes significant short/long-term neurological dysfunction in newborn infants worldwide. To date, due to multifunctional complex mechanisms of brain injury, there is no well-established effective strategy to completely provide neuroprotection. Although therapeutic hypothermia is the proven treatment for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), it does not completely chang outcomes in severe forms of HIE. Therefore, there is a critical need for reviewing the effective therapeutic strategies to explore the protective agents and methods. In recent years, it is widely believed that there are neuroprotective possibilities of natural compounds extracted from plants against HIE. These natural agents with the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and neurofunctional regulatory properties exhibit preventive or therapeutic effects against experimental neonatal HI brain damage. In this study, it was aimed to review the literature in scientific databases that investigate the neuroprotective effects of plant extracts/plant-derived compounds in experimental animal models of neonatal HI brain damage and their possible underlying molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mohsenpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 75333–67427, Iran;
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Azam Bahrami
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158-47141, Iran;
| | - Pardis Mohammadi Pour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67158-47141, Iran;
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20
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Shimakawa G, Roach T, Krieger-Liszkay A. Changes in Photosynthetic Electron Transport during Leaf Senescence in Two Barley Varieties Grown in Contrasting Growth Regimes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1986-1994. [PMID: 32886785 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an important process for plants to remobilize a variety of metabolites and nutrients to sink tissues, such as developing leaves, fruits and seeds. It has been suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the initiation of leaf senescence. Flag leaves of two different barley varieties, cv. Lomerit and cv. Carina, showed differences in the loss of photosystems and in the production of ROS at a late stage of senescence after significant loss of chlorophyll (Krieger-Liszkay et al. 2015). Here, we investigated photosynthetic electron transport and ROS production in primary leaves of these two varieties at earlier stages of senescence. Comparisons were made between plants grown outside in natural light and temperatures and plants grown in temperature-controlled growth chambers under low light intensity. Alterations in the content of photoactive P700, ferredoxin and plastocyanin (PC) photosynthetic electron transport were analyzed using in vivo near-infrared absorbance changes and chlorophyll fluorescence, while ROS were measured with spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Differences in ROS production between the two varieties were only observed in outdoor plants, whereas a loss of PC was common in both barley varieties regardless of growth conditions. We conclude that the loss of PC is the earliest detectable photosynthetic parameter of leaf senescence while differences in the production of individual ROS species occur later and depend on environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginga Shimakawa
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Roach
- Institut für Botanik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität-Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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21
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Havaux M. Plastoquinone In and Beyond Photosynthesis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1252-1265. [PMID: 32713776 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) is an essential component of photosynthesis that carries electrons in the linear and alternative electron transport chains, and is also a redox sensor that regulates state transitions and gene expression. However, a large fraction of the PQ pool is located outside the thylakoid membranes, in the plastoglobules and the chloroplast envelopes, reflecting a wider range of functions beyond electron transport. This review describes new functions of PQ in photoprotection, as a potent antioxidant, and in chloroplast metabolism as a cofactor in the biosynthesis of chloroplast metabolites. It also focuses on the essential need for tight environmental control of PQ biosynthesis and for active exchange of this compound between the thylakoid membranes and the plastoglobules. Through its multiple functions, PQ connects photosynthesis with metabolism, light acclimation, and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Havaux
- Aix-Marseille University, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7265, Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille, CEA/Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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22
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Zhang S, He Y, Sen B, Wang G. Reactive oxygen species and their applications toward enhanced lipid accumulation in oleaginous microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123234. [PMID: 32245673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oleaginous microorganisms are among the most promising alternative sources of lipids for oleochemicals and biofuels. However, in the course of lipid production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated inevitably as byproducts of aerobic metabolisms. Although excessive accumulation of ROS leads to lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and protein denaturation, ROS accumulation has been suggested to enhance lipid synthesis in these microorganisms. There are many unresolved questions concerning this dichotomous view of ROS influence on lipid accumulation. These include what level of ROS triggers lipid overproduction, what mechanisms and targets are vital and whether ROS act as toxic byproducts or cellular messengers in these microorganisms? Here we review the current state of knowledge on ROS generation, antioxidative defense system, the dual effects of ROS on microbial lipid production, and ROS-induced lipid peroxidation and accumulation mechanisms. Toward the end, the review summarizes strategies that enhance lipid production based on ROS manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaodong He
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Biswarup Sen
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Qingdao Institute Ocean Engineering of Tianjin University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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23
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Majumdar A, Kar RK. Chloroplast avoidance movement: a novel paradigm of ROS signalling. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 144:109-121. [PMID: 32222888 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00736-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The damaging effects of supra-optimal irradiance on plants, often turning to be lethal, may be circumvented by chloroplast avoidance movement which realigns chloroplasts to the anticlinal surfaces of cells (parallel to the incident light), essentially minimizing photon absorption. In angiosperms and many other groups of plants, chloroplast avoidance movement has been identified to be a strong blue light (BL)-dependent process being mediated by actin filaments wherein phototropins are identified as the photoreceptor involved. Studies through the last few decades have identified key molecular mechanisms involving Chloroplast Unusual Positioning 1 (CHUP1) protein and specific chloroplast-actin (cp-actin) filaments. However, the signal transduction pathway from strong BL absorption down to directional re-localization of chloroplasts by actin filaments is complex and ambiguous. Being the immediate cellular products of high irradiance absorption and having properties of remodelling actin as well as phototropin, reactive oxygen species (ROS) deemed to be more able and prompt than any other signalling agent in mediating chloroplast avoidance movement. Although ROS are presently being identified as fundamental component for regulating different plant processes ranging from growth, development and immunity, its role in avoidance movement have hardly been explored in depth. However, few recent reports have demonstrated the direct stimulatory involvement of ROS, especially H2O2, in chloroplast avoidance movement with Ca2+ playing a pivotal role. With this perspective, the present review discusses the mechanisms of ROS-mediated chloroplast avoidance movement involving ROS-Ca2+-actin communication system and NADPH oxidase (NOX)-plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase positive feed-forward loop. A possible working model is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkajo Majumdar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India
- Department of Botany, City College, 102/1 Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Rup Kumar Kar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, 731235, India.
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Fitzpatrick D, Aro EM, Tiwari A. A. A Commonly Used Photosynthetic Inhibitor Fails to Block Electron Flow to Photosystem I in Intact Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:382. [PMID: 32351519 PMCID: PMC7174583 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In plant science, 2,4-dinitrophenylether of iodonitrothymol (DNP-INT) is frequently used as an alternative to 2,5-dibromo-6-isopropyl-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DBMIB) to examine the capacity of plastoquinol and semiquinone to reduce O2. DNP-INT is considered to be an effective inhibitor of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain (PETC) through its binding at the Q0 site of Cyt-b6f. The binding and action of DNP-INT has been previously characterized spectroscopically in purified Cyt-b6f complex reconstituted with Plastocyanin, PSII membranes and plastoquinone, as well as in isolated thylakoids based on its property to block MV-mediated O2 consumption. Contrary to the conclusions obtained from these experiments, we observed clear reduction of P700+ in samples incubated with DNP-INT during our recent investigation into the sites of oxygen consumption in isolated thylakoids. Therefore, we carried out an extensive investigation of DNP-INT's chemical efficacy in isolated thylakoids and intact leaves. This included examination of its capacity to block the PETC before PSI, and therefore its inhibition of CO2 fixation. P700 redox kinetics were measured using Dual-PAM whilst Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry (MIMS) was used for simultaneous determination of the rates of O2 evolution and O2 consumption in isolated thylakoids and CO2 fixation in intact leaves, using two stable isotopes of oxygen (16O2, 18O2) and CO2 (12C, 13C), respectively. Based on these investigations we confirmed that DNP-INT is unable to completely block the PETC and CO2 fixation, therefore its use may produce artifacts if applied to isolated thylakoids or intact cells, especially when determining the locations of reactive oxygen species formation in the photosynthetic apparatus.
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Ptushenko VV, Solovchenko AE, Bychkov AY, Chivkunova OB, Golovin AV, Gorelova OA, Ismagulova TT, Kulik LV, Lobakova ES, Lukyanov AA, Samoilova RI, Scherbakov PN, Selyakh IO, Semenova LR, Vasilieva SG, Baulina OI, Skulachev MV, Kirpichnikov MP. Cationic penetrating antioxidants switch off Mn cluster of photosystem II in situ. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:229-240. [PMID: 31302832 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (also known as 'Skulachev Ions' electrophoretically accumulated by mitochondria) exert anti-ageing and ROS-protecting effects well documented in animal and human cells. However, their effects on chloroplast in photosynthetic cells and corresponding mechanisms are scarcely known. For the first time, we describe a dramatic quenching effect of (10-(6-plastoquinonyl)decyl triphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) on chlorophyll fluorescence, apparently mediated by redox interaction of SkQ1 with Mn cluster in Photosystem II (PSII) of chlorophyte microalga Chlorella vulgaris and disabling the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Microalgal cells displayed a vigorous uptake of SkQ1 which internal concentration built up to a very high level. Using optical and EPR spectroscopy, as well as electron donors and in silico molecular simulation techniques, we found that SkQ1 molecule can interact with Mn atoms of the OEC in PSII. This stops water splitting giving rise to potent quencher(s), e.g. oxidized reaction centre of PSII. Other components of the photosynthetic apparatus proved to be mostly intact. This effect of the Skulachev ions might help to develop in vivo models of photosynthetic cells with impaired OEC function but essentially intact otherwise. The observed phenomenon suggests that SkQ1 can be applied to study stress-induced damages to OEC in photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Ptushenko
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234.
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of RAS, Moscow, Russia, 119334.
| | - Alexei E Solovchenko
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia, 117198
| | - Andrew Y Bychkov
- Faculty of Geology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Olga B Chivkunova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Andrey V Golovin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Olga A Gorelova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Tatiana T Ismagulova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Leonid V Kulik
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Elena S Lobakova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Alexandr A Lukyanov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Rima I Samoilova
- V.V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Pavel N Scherbakov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Irina O Selyakh
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Larisa R Semenova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Svetlana G Vasilieva
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Olga I Baulina
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - Maxim V Skulachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
- Institute of Mitoengineering, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
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Vetoshkina DV, Pozdnyakova-Filatova IY, Zhurikova EM, Frolova AA, Naydov IA, Ivanov BN, Borisova-Mubarakshina MM. The Increase in Adaptive Capacity to High Illumination of Barley Plants Colonized by Rhizobacteria P. putida BS3701. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Vetoshkina DV, Ivanov BN. Antioxidant and signaling functions of the plastoquinone pool in higher plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:181-198. [PMID: 30706486 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The review covers data representing the plastoquinone pool as the component integrated in plant antioxidant defense and plant signaling. The main goal of the review is to discuss the evidence describing the plastoquinone-involved biochemical reactions, which are incorporated in maintaining the sustainability of higher plants to stress conditions. In this context, the analysis of the reactions of various redox forms of plastoquinone with oxygen species is presented. The review describes how these reactions can constitute both the antioxidant and signaling functions of the pool. Special attention is paid to the reaction of superoxide anion radicals with plastohydroquinone molecules, producing hydrogen peroxide as signal molecules. Attention is also given to the processes affecting the redox state of the plastoquinone pool because the redox state of the pool is of special importance for antioxidant defense and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daria V Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Boris N Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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Krieger-Liszkay A, Krupinska K, Shimakawa G. The impact of photosynthesis on initiation of leaf senescence. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:148-164. [PMID: 30629302 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is the last stage of leaf development preceding the death of the organ, and it is important for nutrient remobilization and for feeding sink tissues. There are many reports on leaf senescence, but the mechanisms initiating leaf senescence are still poorly understood. Leaf senescence is affected by many environmental factors and seems to vary in different species and even varieties of plants, which makes it difficult to generalize the mechanism. Here, we give an overview on studies reporting about alterations in the composition of the photosynthetic electron transport chain in chloroplasts during senescence. We hypothesize that alternative electron flow and related generation of the proton motive force required for ATP synthesis become increasingly important during progression of senescence. We address the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chloroplasts in the initiation of senescence, retrograde signaling from the chloroplast to the nucleus and ROS-dependent signaling associated with leaf senescence. Finally, a few ideas for increasing crop yields by increasing the chloroplast lifespan are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Krieger-Liszkay
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karin Krupinska
- Institute of Botany, University of Kiel, D-24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ginga Shimakawa
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA) Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Zhang P, Liu L, He X, Liu X, Wang H, He J, Zhao Y. Promoting Surface-Mediated Oxygen Reduction Reaction of Solid Catalysts in Metal–O2 Batteries by Capturing Superoxide Species. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6263-6270. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Liu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinling He
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao D, Xia X, Su J, Wei M, Wu Y, Tao J. Overexpression of herbaceous peony HSP70 confers high temperature tolerance. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:70. [PMID: 30665351 PMCID: PMC6341652 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are found extensively in Eukaryotes and are involved in stress tolerance. However, their functions in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) under high temperature stress are poorly characterized. Results In this study, the genomic sequence of P. lactiflora HSP70, designated PlHSP70, was isolated. Its full-length was 3635 bp, and it contained a large 1440-bp intron. The encoded protein with a molecular weight of 71 kDa was localized in the cytoplasm of the cell. PlHSP70 transcription was detected in P. lactiflora and increased with the treatment of high temperature stress. The constitutive overexpression of PlHSP70 in Arabidopsis thaliana obviously conferred tolerance to high temperature stress by affecting different physiological and biochemical indices. Transgenic A. thaliana plants exhibited higher chlorophyll fluorescence values than the wild-type (WT) when exposed to high temperature stress. The accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion free radical (O2·-) and relative electric conductivity (REC) were significantly lower in the transgenic A. thaliana plants compared to the WT. In addition, more intact cell membranes, chloroplasts and starch grains, and fewer plastoglobuli were found in the PlHSP70-overexpressing transgenic lines than in the WT. Conclusions All of these results indicated that PlHSP70 possessed the ability to improve the tolerance to high temperature in transgenic A. thaliana, which could provide a theoretical basis to improve high temperature tolerance of P. lactiflora by future genetic manipulation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5448-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqiu Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengran Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Majumdar A, Kar RK. Orchestration of Cu-Zn SOD and class III peroxidase with upstream interplay between NADPH oxidase and PM H +-ATPase mediates root growth in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:248-256. [PMID: 30537611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Post-germination plant growth depends on the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, spatiotemporal pH changes and Ca+2 homeostasis, whose potential integration has been studied during Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek root growth. The dissipation of proton (H+) gradients across plasma membrane (PM) by CCCP (protonophore) and the inhibition of PM H+-ATPase by sodium orthovanadate repressed SOD (superoxide dismutase; EC 1.15.1.1) activity as revealed by spectrophotometric and native PAGE assay results. Similar results derived from treatment with DPI (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and Tiron (O2- scavenger) denote a functional synchronization of SOD, PM H+-ATPase and NOX, as the latter two enzymes are substrate sources for SOD (H+ and O2-, respectively) and are involved in a feed-forward loop. After SOD inactivation, a decline in apoplastic H2O2 content was observed in each treatment group, emerging as a possible cause of the diminution of class III peroxidase (Prx; EC 1.11.1.7), which utilizes H2O2 as a substrate. In agreement with the pivotal role of Ca+2 in PM H+-ATPase and NOX activation, Ca+2 homeostasis antagonists, i.e., LaCl3 (Ca+2 channel inhibitor), EGTA (Ca+2 chelator) and LiCl (endosomal Ca+2 release blocker), inhibited both SOD and Prx. Finally, a drastic reduction in apoplastic OH (hydroxyl radical) concentrations (induced by each treatment, leading to Prx inhibition) was observed via fluorometric analysis. A consequential inhibition of root growth observed under each treatment denotes the importance of the orchestrated functioning of PM H+-ATPase, NOX, Cu-Zn SOD and Prx during root growth. A working model demonstrating postulated enzymatic synchronization with an intervening role of Ca+2 is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkajo Majumdar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India; Department of Botany, City College, 102/1 Raja Rammohan Sarani, Kolkata, 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Rup Kumar Kar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India.
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32
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Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Ivanov BN, Orekhova NI, Osochuk SS. Antioxidant Properties of Plastoquinone and Prospects of its Practical Application. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918060040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Naydov IA, Ivanov BN. Oxidation of the plastoquinone pool in chloroplast thylakoid membranes by superoxide anion radicals. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3221-3228. [PMID: 30179252 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The plastoquinone (PQ)-pool in chloroplast thylakoid membranes is a key electron carrier in the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC), and its redox state plays an essential role in the control of plant metabolism. Oxygen reduction in thylakoid membranes produces superoxide anion radicals ( O 2 · - ), which may react with the PQ-pool. Here, using isolated thylakoids, we show for the first time the oxidation of the PQ-pool by O 2 · - . The xanthine-xanthine oxidase system was used to supply O 2 · - externally to the thylakoid membrane and the redox state of the PQ-pool was monitored by tracking chlorophyll a fluorescence. We propose that, in vivo, the reaction of O 2 · - produced in Photosystem I with reduced PQ (plastohydroquinone) creates hydrogen peroxide, which serves as a messenger that signals the redox state of the PETC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilya A Naydov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Boris N Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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34
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Schelkunov MI, Penin AA, Logacheva MD. RNA-seq highlights parallel and contrasting patterns in the evolution of the nuclear genome of fully mycoheterotrophic plants. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:602. [PMID: 30092758 PMCID: PMC6085651 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While photosynthesis is the most notable trait of plants, several lineages of plants (so-called full heterotrophs) have adapted to obtain organic compounds from other sources. The switch to heterotrophy leads to profound changes at the morphological, physiological and genomic levels. RESULTS Here, we characterize the transcriptomes of three species representing two lineages of mycoheterotrophic plants: orchids (Epipogium aphyllum and Epipogium roseum) and Ericaceae (Hypopitys monotropa). Comparative analysis is used to highlight the parallelism between distantly related fully heterotrophic plants. In both lineages, we observed genome-wide elimination of nuclear genes that encode proteins related to photosynthesis, while systems associated with protein import to plastids as well as plastid transcription and translation remain active. Genes encoding components of plastid ribosomes that have been lost from the plastid genomes have not been transferred to the nuclear genomes; instead, some of the encoded proteins have been substituted by homologs. The nuclear genes of both Epipogium species accumulated nucleotide substitutions twice as rapidly as their photosynthetic relatives; in contrast, no increase in the substitution rate was observed in H. monotropa. CONCLUSIONS Full heterotrophy leads to profound changes in nuclear gene content. The observed increase in the rate of nucleotide substitutions is lineage specific, rather than a universal phenomenon among non-photosynthetic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail I Schelkunov
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Aleksey A Penin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,A.N Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria D Logacheva
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. .,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia. .,Extreme Biology Laboratory, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Mitochondria-Targeted Plastoquinone in a Rat Model of Neonatal Hypoxic⁻Ischemic Brain Injury. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081871. [PMID: 30060443 PMCID: PMC6222533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia⁻ischemia is one of the main causes of mortality and disability of newborns. To study the mechanisms of neonatal brain cell damage, we used a model of neonatal hypoxia⁻ischemia in seven-day-old rats, by annealing of the common carotid artery with subsequent hypoxia of 8% oxygen. We demonstrate that neonatal hypoxia⁻ischemia causes mitochondrial dysfunction associated with high production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress. Targeted delivery of antioxidants to the mitochondria can be an effective therapeutic approach to treat the deleterious effects of brain hypoxia⁻ischemia. We explored the neuroprotective properties of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQR1, which is the conjugate of a plant plastoquinone and a penetrating cation, rhodamine 19. Being introduced before or immediately after hypoxia⁻ischemia, SkQR1 affords neuroprotection as judged by the diminished brain damage and recovery of long-term neurological functions. Using vital sections of the brain, SkQR1 has been shown to reduce the development of oxidative stress. Thus, the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant derived from plant plastoquinone can effectively protect the brain of newborns both in pre-ischemic and post-stroke conditions, making it a promising candidate for further clinical studies.
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Taylor RM, Sallans L, Frankel LK, Bricker TM. Natively oxidized amino acid residues in the spinach cytochrome b 6 f complex. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:141-151. [PMID: 29380263 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome b 6 f complex of oxygenic photosynthesis produces substantial levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been observed that the ROS production rate by b 6 f is 10-20 fold higher than that observed for the analogous respiratory cytochrome bc1 complex. The types of ROS produced (O2•-, 1O2, and, possibly, H2O2) and the site(s) of ROS production within the b 6 f complex have been the subject of some debate. Proposed sources of ROS have included the heme b p , PQ p•- (possible sources for O2•-), the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster (possible source of O2•- and/or 1O2), Chl a (possible source of 1O2), and heme c n (possible source of O2•- and/or H2O2). Our working hypothesis is that amino acid residues proximal to the ROS production sites will be more susceptible to oxidative modification than distant residues. In the current study, we have identified natively oxidized amino acid residues in the subunits of the spinach cytochrome b 6 f complex. The oxidized residues were identified by tandem mass spectrometry using the MassMatrix Program. Our results indicate that numerous residues, principally localized near p-side cofactors and Chl a, were oxidatively modified. We hypothesize that these sites are sources for ROS generation in the spinach cytochrome b 6 f complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Larry Sallans
- The Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Laurie K Frankel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Terry M Bricker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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Gollan PJ, Lima-Melo Y, Tiwari A, Tikkanen M, Aro EM. Interaction between photosynthetic electron transport and chloroplast sinks triggers protection and signalling important for plant productivity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0390. [PMID: 28808104 PMCID: PMC5566885 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic light reactions provide energy that is consumed and stored in electron sinks, the products of photosynthesis. A balance between light reactions and electron consumption in the chloroplast is vital for plants, and is protected by several photosynthetic regulation mechanisms. Photosystem I (PSI) is particularly susceptible to photoinhibition when these factors become unbalanced, which can occur in low temperatures or in high light. In this study we used the pgr5 Arabidopsis mutant that lacks ΔpH-dependent regulation of photosynthetic electron transport as a model to study the consequences of PSI photoinhibition under high light. We found that PSI damage severely inhibits carbon fixation and starch accumulation, and attenuates enzymatic oxylipin synthesis and chloroplast regulation of nuclear gene expression after high light stress. This work shows that modifications to regulation of photosynthetic light reactions, which may be designed to improve yield in crop plants, can negatively impact metabolism and signalling, and thereby threaten plant growth and stress tolerance.This article is part of the themed issue 'Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gollan
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Yugo Lima-Melo
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Arjun Tiwari
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eva-Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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Leonowicz G, Trzebuniak KF, Zimak-Piekarczyk P, Ślesak I, Mysliwa-Kurdziel B. The activity of superoxide dismutases (SODs) at the early stages of wheat deetiolation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194678. [PMID: 29558520 PMCID: PMC5860746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unbound tetrapyrroles, i.e. protochlorophyllide (Pchlide), chlorophyllide and chlorophylls, bring the risk of reactive oxygen species (ROS) being generated in the initial stages of angiosperm deetiolation due to inefficient usage of the excitation energy for photosynthetic photochemistry. We analyzed the activity of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in etiolated wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves and at the beginning of their deetiolation. Mn-SOD and three isoforms of Cu/Zn-SODs were identified both in etiolated and greening leaves of T. aestivum. Two Cu/Zn-SODs, denoted as II and III, were found in plastids. The activity of plastidic Cu/Zn-SOD isoforms as well as that of Mn-SOD correlated with cell aging along a monocot leaf, being the highest at leaf tips. Moreover, a high Pchlide content at leaf tips was observed. No correlation between SOD activity and the accumulation of photoactive Pchlide, i.e. Pchlide bound into ternary Pchlide:Pchlide oxidoreductase:NADPH complexes was found. Cu/Zn-SOD I showed the highest activity at the leaf base. A flash of light induced photoreduction of the photoactive Pchlide to chlorophyllide as well as an increase in all the SODs activity which occurred in a minute time-scale. In the case of seedlings that were deetiolated under continuous light of moderate intensity (100 μmol photons m-2 s-1), only some fluctuations in plastidic Cu/Zn-SODs and Mn-SOD within the first four hours of greening were noticed. The activity of SODs is discussed with respect to the assembly of tetrapyrroles within pigment-protein complexes, monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy at 77 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracjana Leonowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil F. Trzebuniak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Zimak-Piekarczyk
- Department of Stress Biology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Ślesak
- Department of Stress Biology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Mysliwa-Kurdziel
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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Ivanov BN, Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Kozuleva MA. Formation mechanisms of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide in chloroplasts, and factors determining the signalling by hydrogen peroxide. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:102-110. [PMID: 32291025 DOI: 10.1071/fp16322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of O2 molecule to superoxide radical, O2•-, in the photosynthetic electron transport chain is the first step of hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, production in chloroplasts in the light. The mechanisms of O2 reduction by ferredoxin, by the components of the plastoquinone pool, and by the electron transfer cofactors in PSI are analysed. The data indicating that O2•- and H2O2 can be produced both outside and within thylakoid membrane are presented. The H2O2 production in the chloroplast stroma is described as a result of either dismutation of O2•- or its reduction by stromal reductants. Formation of H2O2 within thylakoid membrane in the reaction of O2•- with plastohydroquinone is examined. The significance of both ways of H2O2 formation for specificity of the signal being sent by photosynthetic electron transport chain to cell adaptation systems is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris N Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | | | - Marina A Kozuleva
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
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Vetoshkina DV, Ivanov BN, Khorobrykh SA, Proskuryakov II, Borisova-Mubarakshina MM. Involvement of the chloroplast plastoquinone pool in the Mehler reaction. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 161:45-55. [PMID: 28256000 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Light-dependent oxygen reduction in the photosynthetic electron transfer chain, i.e. the Mehler reaction, has been studied using isolated pea thylakoids. The role of the plastoquinone pool in the Mehler reaction was investigated in the presence of dinitrophenyl ether of 2-iodo-4-nitrothymol (DNP-INT), the inhibitor of plastohydroquinone oxidation by cytochrome b6/f complex. Oxygen reduction rate in the presence of DNP-INT was higher than in the absence of the inhibitor in low light at pH 6.5 and 7.6, showing that the capacity of the plastoquinone pool to reduce molecular oxygen in this case exceeded that of the entire electron transfer chain. In the presence of DNP-INT, appearance of superoxide anion radicals outside thylakoid membrane represented approximately 60% of the total superoxide anion radicals produced. The remaining 40% of the produced superoxide anion radicals was suggested to be trapped by plastohydroquinone molecules within thylakoid membrane, leading to the formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). To validate the reaction of superoxide anion radical with plastohydroquinone, xanthine/xanthine oxidase system was integrated with thylakoid membrane in order to generate superoxide anion radical in close vicinity of plastohydroquinone. Addition of xanthine/xanthine oxidase to the thylakoid suspension resulted in a decrease in the reduction level of the plastoquinone pool in the light. The obtained data provide additional clarification of the aspects that the plastoquinone pool is involved in both reduction of oxygen to superoxide anion radicals and reduction of superoxide anion radicals to H2 O2 . Significance of the plastoquinone pool involvement in the Mehler reaction for the acclimation of plants to light conditions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Boris N Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Sergey A Khorobrykh
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Ivan I Proskuryakov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
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Kim EH, Lee DW, Lee KR, Jung SJ, Jeon JS, Kim HU. Conserved Function of Fibrillin5 in the Plastoquinone-9 Biosynthetic Pathway in Arabidopsis and Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1197. [PMID: 28751900 PMCID: PMC5507956 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) is essential for plant growth and development. Recently, we found that fibrillin5 (FBN5), a plastid lipid binding protein, is an essential structural component of the PQ-9 biosynthetic pathway in Arabidopsis. To investigate the functional conservation of FBN5 in monocots and eudicots, we identified OsFBN5, the Arabidopsis FBN5 (AtFBN5) ortholog in rice (Oryza sativa). Homozygous Osfbn5-1 and Osfbn5-2 Tos17 insertion null mutants were smaller than wild type (WT) plants when grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and died quickly when transplanted to soil in a greenhouse. They accumulated significantly less PQ-9 than WT plants, whereas chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were only mildly affected. The reduced PQ-9 content of the mutants was consistent with their lower maximum photosynthetic efficiency, especially under high light. Overexpression of OsFBN5 complemented the seedling lethal phenotype of the Arabidopsis fbn5-1 mutant and restored PQ-9 and PC-8 (plastochromanol-8) to levels comparable to those in WT Arabidopsis plants. Protein interaction experiments in yeast and mesophyll cells confirmed that OsFBN5 interacts with the rice solanesyl diphosphate synthase OsSPS2 and also with Arabidopsis AtSPS1 and AtSPS2. Our data thus indicate that OsFBN5 is the functional equivalent of AtFBN5 and also suggest that the SPSs-FBN5 complex for synthesis of the solanesyl diphosphate tail in PQ-9 is well conserved in Arabidopsis and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development AdministrationJeonju, South Korea
| | - Dae-Woo Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development AdministrationJeonju, South Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee UniversityYongin, South Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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Non-invasive continuous monitoring of pro-oxidant effects of engineered nanoparticles on aquatic microorganisms. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:19. [PMID: 28270155 PMCID: PMC5341439 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are key drivers for the development of highly sophisticated new technologies. As all new attainments, the rapidly increasing used of ENMs raise concerns about their safety for the environment and humans. There is growing evidence showing that if engineered nanomaterials are released into the environment, there is a possibility that they could cause harm to aquatic microorganisms. Among the divers effects triggering their toxicity the ability of ENMs to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of oxidizing biomolecules is currently considered a central mechanism of toxicity. Therefore, development of sensitive tools for quantification of the ROS generation and oxidative stress are highly sought. After briefly introducing ENMs-induced ROS generation and oxidative stress in the aquatic microorganisms (AMOs), this overview paper focuses on a new optical biosensor allowing sensitive and dynamic measurements of H2O2 in real-time using multiscattering enhanced absorption spectroscopy. Its principle is based on sensitive absorption measurements of the heme protein cytochrome c whose absorption spectrum alters with the oxidation state of constituent ferrous FeII and ferric FeIII. For biological applications cytochrome c was embedded in porous random media resulting in an extended optical path length through multiple scattering of light, which lowers the limit of detection to a few nM of H2O2. The sensor was also integrated in a microfluidic system containing micro-valves and sieves enabling more complex experimental conditions. To demonstrate its performance, abiotic absorption measurements of low concentrations of dye molecules and 10 nm gold particles were carried out achieving limits of detection in the low nM range. Other biologically relevant reactive oxygen species can be measured at sub-μM concentrations, which was shown for glucose and lactate through enzymatic reactions producing H2O2. In ecotoxicological investigations H2O2 excreted by aquatic microorganisms exposed to various stressors were measured. Pro-oxidant effects of nano-TiO2 and nano-CuO towards green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were explored in various exposure media and under different light illuminations. Dynamics of Cd2+ induced effects on photosynthetic activity, sensitisation and recovery of cells of C. reinhardtii was also studied.
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Majumdar A, Kar RK. Integrated role of ROS and Ca +2 in blue light-induced chloroplast avoidance movement in leaves of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1529-1539. [PMID: 26573536 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Directional chloroplast photorelocation is a major physio-biochemical mechanism that allows these organelles to realign themselves intracellularly in response to the intensity of the incident light as an adaptive response. Signaling processes involved in blue light (BL)-dependent chloroplast movements were investigated in Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle leaves. Treatments with antagonists of actin filaments [2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA)] and microtubules (oryzalin) revealed that actin filaments, but not microtubules, play a pivotal role in chloroplast movement. Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in controlling chloroplast avoidance movement has been demonstrated, as exogenous H2O2 not only accelerated chloroplast avoidance but also could induce chloroplast avoidance even in weak blue light (WBL). Further support came from experiments with different ROS scavengers, i.e., dimethylthiourea (DMTU), KI, and CuCl2, which inhibited chloroplast avoidance, and from ROS localization using specific stains. Such avoidance was also partially inhibited by ZnCl2, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (NOX) as well as 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), a photosynthetic electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor at PS II. However, methyl viologen (MV), a PS I ETC inhibitor, rather accelerated avoidance response. Exogenous calcium (Ca+2) induced avoidance even in WBL while inhibited chloroplast accumulation partially. On the other hand, chloroplast movements (both accumulation and avoidance) were blocked by Ca+2 antagonists, La3+ (inhibitor of plasma membrane Ca+2 channel) and ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA, Ca+2 chelator) while LiCl that affects Ca+2 release from endosomal compartments did not show any effect. A model on integrated role of ROS and Ca+2 (influx from apolastic space) in actin-mediated chloroplast avoidance has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkajo Majumdar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Rup Kumar Kar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India.
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Kozuleva MA, Ivanov BN. The Mechanisms of Oxygen Reduction in the Terminal Reducing Segment of the Chloroplast Photosynthetic Electron Transport Chain. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1397-1404. [PMID: 27016099 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The review is dedicated to ascertainment of the roles of the electron transfer cofactors of the pigment-protein complex of PSI, ferredoxin (Fd) and ferredoxin-NADP reductase in oxygen reduction in the photosynthetic electron transport chain (PETC) in the light. The data regarding oxygen reduction in other segments of the PETC are briefly analyzed, and it is concluded that their participation in the overall process in the PETC under unstressful conditions should be insignificant. Data concerning the contribution of Fd to the oxygen reduction in the PETC are examined. A set of collateral evidence as well as results of direct measurements of the involvement of Fd in this process in the presence of isolated thylakoids led to the inference that this contribution in vivo is negligible. The increase in oxygen reduction rate in the isolated thylakoids in the presence of either Fd or Fd plus NADP+ under increasing light intensity was attributed to the increase in oxygen reduction executed by the membrane-bound oxygen reductants. Data are presented which imply that a main reductant of the O2 molecule in the terminal reducing segment of the PETC is the electron transfer cofactor of PSI, phylloquinone. The physiological significance of characteristic properties of oxygen reductants in this segment of the PETC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Kozuleva
- Photosynthetic Electron Transport lab., Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Boris N Ivanov
- Photosynthetic Electron Transport lab., Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
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Mignolet-Spruyt L, Xu E, Idänheimo N, Hoeberichts FA, Mühlenbock P, Brosché M, Van Breusegem F, Kangasjärvi J. Spreading the news: subcellular and organellar reactive oxygen species production and signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3831-44. [PMID: 26976816 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As plants are sessile organisms that have to attune their physiology and morphology continuously to varying environmental challenges in order to survive and reproduce, they have evolved complex and integrated environment-cell, cell-cell, and cell-organelle signalling circuits that regulate and trigger the required adjustments (such as alteration of gene expression). Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential components of this network, their pathways are not yet completely unravelled. In addition to the intrinsic chemical properties that define the array of interaction partners, mobility, and stability, ROS signalling specificity is obtained via the spatiotemporal control of production and scavenging at different organellar and subcellular locations (e.g. chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and apoplast). Furthermore, these cellular compartments may crosstalk to relay and further fine-tune the ROS message. Hence, plant cells might locally and systemically react upon environmental or developmental challenges by generating spatiotemporally controlled dosages of certain ROS types, each with specific chemical properties and interaction targets, that are influenced by interorganellar communication and by the subcellular location and distribution of the involved organelles, to trigger the suitable acclimation responses in association with other well-established cellular signalling components (e.g. reactive nitrogen species, phytohormones, and calcium ions). Further characterization of this comprehensive ROS signalling matrix may result in the identification of new targets and key regulators of ROS signalling, which might be excellent candidates for engineering or breeding stress-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin Mignolet-Spruyt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Enjun Xu
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Idänheimo
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank A Hoeberichts
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Per Mühlenbock
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Viikki Plant Science Centre, Department of Biosciences, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wang WH, He EM, Chen J, Guo Y, Chen J, Liu X, Zheng HL. The reduced state of the plastoquinone pool is required for chloroplast-mediated stomatal closure in response to calcium stimulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 86:132-44. [PMID: 26945669 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Besides their participation in photosynthesis, leaf chloroplasts function in plant responses to stimuli, yet how they direct stimulus-induced stomatal movement remains elusive. Here, we showed that over-reduction of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool by dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB) was closely associated with stomatal closure in plants which required chloroplastic H2O2 generation in the mesophyll. External application of H2 O2 reduced the PQ pool, whereas the cell-permeable reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reversed the DBMIB-induced over-reduction of the PQ pool and stomatal closure. Mesophyll chloroplasts are key players of extracellular Ca(2+) (Ca(2+)o)-induced stomatal closure, but when treated with either 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) or NAC they failed to facilitate Ca(2+)o-induced stomatal closure due to the inhibition of chloroplastic H2 O2 synthesis in mesophyll. Similarly, the Arabidopsis electron transfer chain-related mutants npq4-1, stn7 and cas-1 exhibited diverse responses to Ca(2+)o or DBMIB. Transcriptome analysis also demonstrated that the PQ pool signaling pathway shared common responsive genes with the H2 O2 signaling pathway. These results implicated a mechanism for chloroplast-mediated stomatal closure involving the generation of mesophyll chloroplastic H2O2 based on the reduced state of the PQ pool, which is calcium-sensing receptor (CAS) and LHCII phosphorylation dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
| | - En-Ming He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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Sun AZ, Guo FQ. Chloroplast Retrograde Regulation of Heat Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:398. [PMID: 27066042 PMCID: PMC4814484 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that intracellular signaling from chloroplast to nucleus plays a vital role in stress responses to survive environmental perturbations. The chloroplasts were proposed as sensors to heat stress since components of the photosynthetic apparatus housed in the chloroplast are the major targets of thermal damage in plants. Thus, communicating subcellular perturbations to the nucleus is critical during exposure to extreme environmental conditions such as heat stress. By coordinating expression of stress specific nuclear genes essential for adaptive responses to hostile environment, plants optimize different cell functions and activate acclimation responses through retrograde signaling pathways. The efficient communication between plastids and the nucleus is highly required for such diverse metabolic and biosynthetic functions during adaptation processes to environmental stresses. In recent years, several putative retrograde signals released from plastids that regulate nuclear genes have been identified and signaling pathways have been proposed. In this review, we provide an update on retrograde signals derived from tetrapyrroles, carotenoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and organellar gene expression (OGE) in the context of heat stress responses and address their roles in retrograde regulation of heat-responsive gene expression, systemic acquired acclimation, and cellular coordination in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang-Qing Guo
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Shanghai) and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
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48
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Sun AZ, Guo FQ. Chloroplast Retrograde Regulation of Heat Stress Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:398. [PMID: 27066042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00398/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that intracellular signaling from chloroplast to nucleus plays a vital role in stress responses to survive environmental perturbations. The chloroplasts were proposed as sensors to heat stress since components of the photosynthetic apparatus housed in the chloroplast are the major targets of thermal damage in plants. Thus, communicating subcellular perturbations to the nucleus is critical during exposure to extreme environmental conditions such as heat stress. By coordinating expression of stress specific nuclear genes essential for adaptive responses to hostile environment, plants optimize different cell functions and activate acclimation responses through retrograde signaling pathways. The efficient communication between plastids and the nucleus is highly required for such diverse metabolic and biosynthetic functions during adaptation processes to environmental stresses. In recent years, several putative retrograde signals released from plastids that regulate nuclear genes have been identified and signaling pathways have been proposed. In this review, we provide an update on retrograde signals derived from tetrapyrroles, carotenoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and organellar gene expression (OGE) in the context of heat stress responses and address their roles in retrograde regulation of heat-responsive gene expression, systemic acquired acclimation, and cellular coordination in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Zhen Sun
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Shanghai) and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Qing Guo
- The National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Shanghai) and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
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Liu M, Lu S. Plastoquinone and Ubiquinone in Plants: Biosynthesis, Physiological Function and Metabolic Engineering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1898. [PMID: 28018418 PMCID: PMC5159609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plastoquinone (PQ) and ubiquinone (UQ) are two important prenylquinones, functioning as electron transporters in the electron transport chain of oxygenic photosynthesis and the aerobic respiratory chain, respectively, and play indispensable roles in plant growth and development through participating in the biosynthesis and metabolism of important chemical compounds, acting as antioxidants, being involved in plant response to stress, and regulating gene expression and cell signal transduction. UQ, particularly UQ10, has also been widely used in people's life. It is effective in treating cardiovascular diseases, chronic gingivitis and periodontitis, and shows favorable impact on cancer treatment and human reproductive health. PQ and UQ are made up of an active benzoquinone ring attached to a polyisoprenoid side chain. Biosynthesis of PQ and UQ is very complicated with more than thirty five enzymes involved. Their synthetic pathways can be generally divided into two stages. The first stage leads to the biosynthesis of precursors of benzene quinone ring and prenyl side chain. The benzene quinone ring for UQ is synthesized from tyrosine or phenylalanine, whereas the ring for PQ is derived from tyrosine. The prenyl side chains of PQ and UQ are derived from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and pyruvate through the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway and/or acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA through the mevalonate pathway. The second stage includes the condensation of ring and side chain and subsequent modification. Homogentisate solanesyltransferase, 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl diphosphate transferase and a series of benzene quinone ring modification enzymes are involved in this stage. PQ exists in plants, while UQ widely presents in plants, animals and microbes. Many enzymes and their encoding genes involved in PQ and UQ biosynthesis have been intensively studied recently. Metabolic engineering of UQ10 in plants, such as rice and tobacco, has also been tested. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent research progresses in the biosynthetic pathways of PQ and UQ and enzymes and their encoding genes involved in side chain elongation and in the second stage of PQ and UQ biosynthesis. Physiological functions of PQ and UQ played in plants as well as the practical application and metabolic engineering of PQ and UQ are also included.
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Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Ivanov BN, Vetoshkina DV, Lubimov VY, Fedorchuk TP, Naydov IA, Kozuleva MA, Rudenko NN, Dall'Osto L, Cazzaniga S, Bassi R. Long-term acclimatory response to excess excitation energy: evidence for a role of hydrogen peroxide in the regulation of photosystem II antenna size. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:7151-64. [PMID: 26324464 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Higher plants possess the ability to trigger a long-term acclimatory response to different environmental light conditions through the regulation of the light-harvesting antenna size of photosystem II. The present study provides an insight into the molecular nature of the signal which initiates the high light-mediated response of a reduction in antenna size. Using barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants, it is shown (i) that the light-harvesting antenna size is not reduced in high light with a low hydrogen peroxide content in the leaves; and (ii) that a decrease in the antenna size is observed in low light in the presence of an elevated concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the leaves. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the ability to reduce the antenna size of photosystem II in high light is restricted to photosynthetic apparatus with a reduced level of the plastoquinone pool and with a low hydrogen peroxide content. Conversely, the reduction of antenna size in low light is induced in photosynthetic apparatus possessing elevated hydrogen peroxide even when the reduction level of the plastoquinone pool is low. Hydrogen peroxide affects the relative abundance of the antenna proteins that modulate the antenna size of photosystem II through a down-regulation of the corresponding lhcb mRNA levels. This work shows that hydrogen peroxide contributes to triggering the photosynthetic apparatus response for the reduction of the antenna size of photosystem II by being the molecular signal for the long-term acclimation of plants to high light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris N Ivanov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Daria V Vetoshkina
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Valeriy Y Lubimov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Tatyana P Fedorchuk
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ilya A Naydov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Marina A Kozuleva
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Natalia N Rudenko
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems RAS, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Luca Dall'Osto
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento Biotecnologie, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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