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Mansour AM, Khaled RM, Ferraro G, Shehab OR, Merlino A. Metal-based carbon monoxide releasing molecules with promising cytotoxic properties. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9612-9656. [PMID: 38808485 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00087k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide, the "silent killer" gas, is increasingly recognised as an important signalling molecule in human physiology, which has beneficial biological properties. A particular way of achieving controlled CO administration is based on the use of biocompatible molecules that only release CO when triggered by internal or external factors. These approaches include the development of pharmacologically effective prodrugs known as CO releasing molecules (CORMs), which can supply biological systems with CO in well-regulated doses. An overview of transition metal-based CORMs with cytotoxic properties is here reported. The mechanisms at the basis of the biological activities of these molecules and their potential therapeutical applications with respect to their stability and CO releasing properties have been discussed. The activation of metal-based CORMs is determined by the type of metal and by the nature and features of the auxiliary ligands, which affect the metal core electronic density and therefore the prodrug resistance towards oxidation and CO release ability. A major role in regulating the cytotoxic properties of these CORMs is played by CO and/or CO-depleted species. However, several mysteries concerning the cytotoxicity of CORMs remain as intriguing questions for scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rabaa M Khaled
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma Street, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ola R Shehab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamma Street, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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2
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Mansour AM, Khaled RM, Khaled E, Ahmed SK, Ismael OS, Zeinhom A, Magdy H, Ibrahim SS, Abdelfatah M. Ruthenium(II) carbon monoxide releasing molecules: Structural perspective, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:114991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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3
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Jiang K, Liu Y. Fluorescent detection mechanism of CO-releasing molecule-3: Competition of inter-/intra-molecular hydrogen bonds. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 263:120227. [PMID: 34332242 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescent detection mechanism of 2-(4-nitro-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) acetic acid (CORM3-green) on CO-Releasing Molecule-3 (CORM-3) is theoretically studied. Upon reaction with CORM-3, the non-fluorescent CORM3-green is transferred to the keto form of 2-(4-amino-1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)acetic acid (PTI) to produce strong fluorescence peak located at 423 nm. This peak red-shifts to 489 nm, which is induced by the strengthening of intermolecular hydrogen bond (HB) between PTI and water molecules and attributed to the experimentally observed fluorescence emission at 503 nm. This result is dramatically different from previous reports that the experimental fluorescence corresponds to the proton transferred enol form of PTI. To illustrate this confusion, the calculated fluorescence peak of PTI-Enol is located at 689 nm, which is much larger than that of experimental result. This result excludes the occurrence of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). It is concluded that intermolecular HBs hinders the formation of intramolecular HB and the ESIPT of the keto form of PTI. This conclusion confirms that experimental Stokes shift of 113 nm is mainly caused by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding rather than by ESIPT process. This work proposes a reasonable explanation for the detection mechanism of CORM3-green and experimental fluorescence phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Infrared Materials & Spectrum Measures and Applications, School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
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Carbon Monoxide Therapy Using Hybrid Carbon Monoxide-Releasing/Nrf2-Inducing Molecules through a Neuroprotective Lens. CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry3030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has long been known for its toxicity. However, in recent decades, new applications for CO as a therapeutic compound have been proposed, and multiple forms of CO therapy have since been developed and studied. Previous research has found that CO has a role as a gasotransmitter and promotes anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, making it an avenue of interest for medicine. Such effects are possible because of the Nrf2/HO1 pathway, which has become a target for therapy development because its activation also leads to CO release. Currently, different forms of treatment involving CO include inhaled CO (iCO), carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs), and hybrid carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (HYCOs). In this article, we review the progression of CO studies to develop possible therapies, the possible mechanisms involved in the effects of CO, and the current forms of therapy using CO.
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Yang XX, Ke BW, Lu W, Wang BH. CO as a therapeutic agent: discovery and delivery forms. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 18:284-295. [PMID: 32402406 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) as one of the three important endogenously produced signaling molecules, termed as "gasotransmitter," has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for treating various inflammation and cellular-stress related diseases. In this review, we discussed CO's evolution from a well-recognized toxic gas to a signaling molecule, and the effort to develop different approaches to deliver it for therapeutic application. We also summarize recently reported chemistry towards different CO delivery forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA
| | - Bo-Wen Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA
| | - Bing-He Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30303, USA.
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Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule-3 Suppresses Tumor Necrosis Factor- α- and Interleukin-1 β-Induced Expression of Junctional Molecules on Human Gingival Fibroblasts via the Heme Oxygenase-1 Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6302391. [PMID: 32410860 PMCID: PMC7204158 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6302391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gingival fibroblast barrier dysfunction caused by inflammation contributes to gingivitis and can lead to inflammatory periodontal disease. The disease features include upregulated epithelial permeability, increased inflammatory mediators, and downregulated junctional complex molecules. Carbon monoxide- (CO-) releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) is a water-soluble compound that has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in in vitro and in vivo studies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of CORM-3 on the expression of tight and adherens junction molecules on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). HGFs were cultured from the explants of normal human gingival tissues, which were stimulated in the presence or absence of CORM-3. Epithelial barrier function was evaluated by paracellular permeability and junctional complex molecule expression analyses. The protein and mRNA expression levels of adherens junction molecules (VE-cadherin and β-catenin) and tight junction molecules (zona occludens-1, ZO-1) were studied using western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The mRNA and protein expression levels of these cytokines were also analyzed in HGFs transiently transfected with HO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) in response to TNF-α and IL-1β stimulation. CORM-3 reduced permeability and enhanced the expression of junctional complex molecules (ZO-1, VE-cadherin, and β-catenin) in TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced HGFs. However, these effects of CORM-3 were attenuated when HO-1 siRNA was transiently transfected in HGFs. These findings indicate that CORM-3 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on TNF-α- and IL-1β-stimulated HGFs via the HO-1 pathway, which suggests the promising potential of CORM-3 in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease.
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Systemic Administration of Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule-3 Protects the Skeletal Muscle in Porcine Model of Compartment Syndrome. Crit Care Med 2019; 46:e469-e472. [PMID: 29384781 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute limb compartment syndrome, a complication of musculoskeletal trauma, results in muscle necrosis and cell death. Carbon monoxide, liberated from the carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3, has been shown protective in a rat model of compartment syndrome. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 in a preclinical large animal model of compartment syndrome, with the ultimate goal of developing a pharmacologic adjunct treatment for compartment syndrome. DESIGN Animal research study. SETTING Basic research laboratory in a hospital setting. SUBJECTS Male Yorkshire-Landrace pigs (50-60 kg). INTERVENTIONS Pigs underwent 6 hours of intracompartmental pressure elevation by infusing fluid into the anterior compartment of the right hind limb. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 was administered systemically (2 mg/kg, IV) at fasciotomy, followed by 3-hour reperfusion. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Muscle perfusion, inflammation, injury, and apoptosis were assessed in the skeletal muscle. Systemic leukocyte activation was assessed during compartment syndrome and reperfusion. Elevation of hind limb intracompartmental pressure resulted in significant microvascular perfusion deficits (44% ± 1% continuously perfused capillaries in compartment syndrome vs 76% ± 4% in sham; p < 0.001), increased tissue injury (ethidium bromide/bisbenzimide of 0.31 ± 0.07 in compartment syndrome vs 0.17 ± 0.03 in sham; p < 0.05), apoptosis (fluorescence in vivo/bisbenzimide of 0.26 ± 0.06 in compartment syndrome vs 0.13 ± 0.03 in sham; p < 0.05), and systemic leukocyte activation (14.7 relative luminescence units/10 polymorphonuclear leukocytes in compartment syndrome vs 1.0 ± 0.1 in baseline; p < 0.001). Systemic application of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 at fasciotomy increased the number of continuously perfused capillaries (68% ± 3%; p < 0.001), diminished tissue injury (ethidium bromide/bisbenzimide of 0.13 ± 0.04; p < 0.05), apoptosis (fluorescence in vivo/bisbenzimide of 0.12 ± 0.03; p < 0.05), and blocked systemic leukocyte activation (3.9 ± 0.3 relative luminescence unit/10 polymorphonuclear leukocytes; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Administration of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 at fasciotomy offered protection against compartment syndrome-induced microvascular perfusion deficit, tissue injury, and systemic leukocyte activation. The data suggest the potential therapeutic application of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 to patients at risk of developing compartment syndrome.
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De Simone A, Naldi M, Tedesco D, Milelli A, Bartolini M, Davani L, Widera D, Dallas ML, Andrisano V. Investigating in Vitro Amyloid Peptide 1-42 Aggregation: Impact of Higher Molecular Weight Stable Adducts. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12308-12318. [PMID: 31460348 PMCID: PMC6682006 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of amyloid peptides (Aβ), in particular Aβ1-42, into oligomers and fibrils is one of the main pathological events related to Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) to protect neurons and astrocytes from Aβ1-42 toxicity. In fact, CORMs are able to carry and release controlled levels of CO and are known to exert a wide range of anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities at physiologically relevant concentrations. In order to investigate the direct effects of CORMs on Aβ1-42, we studied the reactivity of CORM-2 and CORM-3 with Aβ1-42 in vitro and the potential inhibition of its aggregation by mass spectrometry (MS), as well as fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies. The application of an electrospray ionization-MS (ESI-MS) method allowed the detection of stable Aβ1-42/CORMs adducts, involving the addition of the Ru(CO)2 portion of CORMs at histidine residues on the Aβ1-42 skeleton. Moreover, CORMs showed anti-aggregating properties through formation of stable adducts with Aβ1-42 as demonstrated by a thioflavin T fluorescence assay and MS analysis. As further proof, comparison of the CD spectra of Aβ1-42 recorded in the absence and in the presence of CORM-3 at a 1:1 molar ratio showed the ability of CORM-3 to stabilize the peptide in its soluble, unordered conformation, thereby preventing its misfolding and aggregation. This multi-methodological investigation revealed novel interactions between Aβ1-42 and CORMs, contributing new insights into the proposed neuroprotective mechanisms mediated by CORMs and disclosing a new strategy to divert amyloid aggregation and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Simone
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum
Università di Bologna, Rimini 47921, Italy
| | - Marina Naldi
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
- Center
for Applied Biomedical Research (C.R.B.A.) S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Daniele Tedesco
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum
Università di Bologna, Rimini 47921, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater
Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Lara Davani
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum
Università di Bologna, Rimini 47921, Italy
| | - Darius Widera
- Reading
School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, U.K.
| | - Mark L. Dallas
- Reading
School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, U.K.
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum
Università di Bologna, Rimini 47921, Italy
- E-mail:
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9
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Bihari A, Chung KA, Cepinskas G, Sanders D, Schemitsch E, Lawendy AR. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) offers protection in an in vitro model of compartment syndrome. Microcirculation 2019; 26:e12577. [PMID: 31230399 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limb compartment syndrome (CS), a complication of trauma, results in muscle necrosis and cell death; ischemia and inflammation contribute to microvascular dysfunction and parenchymal injury. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) has been shown to protect microvascular perfusion and reduce inflammation in animal models of CS. The purpose of the study was to test the effect of CORM-3 in human in vitro CS model, allowing exploration of the mechanism(s) of CO protection and potential development of pharmacologic treatment. METHODS Confluent human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated for 6 h with serum isolated from patients with CS. Intracellular oxidative stress (production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)) apoptosis, transendothelial resistance (TEER), polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) activation and transmigration across the monolayer in response to the CS stimulus were assessed. All experiments were performed in the presence of CORM-3 (100 μM) or its inactive form, iCORM-3. RESULTS CS serum induced a significant increase in ROS, apoptosis and endothelial monolayer breakdown; it also increased PMN superoxide production, leukocyte rolling and adhesion/transmigration. CORM-3 completely prevented CS-induced ROS production, apoptosis, PMN adhesion, rolling and transmigration, while improving monolayer integrity. CONCLUSION CORM-3 offers potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and may have a potential application to patients at risk of developing CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Bihari
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyukwang Akira Chung
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Sanders
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emil Schemitsch
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdel-Rahman Lawendy
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Feng W, Feng S, Feng G. A Fluorescent ESIPT Probe for Imaging CO-Releasing Molecule-3 in Living Systems. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8602-8606. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Chemical Biology Center, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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Southam HM, Smith TW, Lyon RL, Liao C, Trevitt CR, Middlemiss LA, Cox FL, Chapman JA, El-Khamisy SF, Hippler M, Williamson MP, Henderson PJF, Poole RK. A thiol-reactive Ru(II) ion, not CO release, underlies the potent antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of CO-releasing molecule-3. Redox Biol 2018; 18:114-123. [PMID: 30007887 PMCID: PMC6067063 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules (CORMs), mostly metal carbonyl compounds, are extensively used as experimental tools to deliver CO, a biological ‘gasotransmitter’, in mammalian systems. CORMs are also explored as potential novel antimicrobial drugs, effectively and rapidly killing bacteria in vitro and in animal models, but are reportedly benign towards mammalian cells. Ru-carbonyl CORMs, exemplified by CORM-3 (Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate)), exhibit the most potent antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli. We demonstrate that CORM-3 releases little CO in buffers and cell culture media and that the active antimicrobial agent is Ru(II), which binds tightly to thiols. Thus, thiols and amino acids in complex growth media – such as histidine, methionine and oxidised glutathione, but most pertinently cysteine and reduced glutathione (GSH) – protect both bacterial and mammalian cells against CORM-3 by binding and sequestering Ru(II). No other amino acids exert significant protective effects. NMR reveals that CORM-3 binds cysteine and GSH in a 1:1 stoichiometry with dissociation constants, Kd, of about 5 μM, while histidine, GSSG and methionine are bound less tightly, with Kd values ranging between 800 and 9000 μM. There is a direct positive correlation between protection and amino acid affinity for CORM-3. Intracellular targets of CORM-3 in both bacterial and mammalian cells are therefore expected to include GSH, free Cys, His and Met residues and any molecules that contain these surface-exposed amino acids. These results necessitate a major reappraisal of the biological effects of CORM-3 and related CORMs. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) are used for experimental CO delivery. CORM-3 is a potent antimicrobial, but is reportedly beneficial to mammalian cells. We demonstrate CORM-3 releases little CO in buffers and cell culture media. Redox-active Ru2+ is the biological agent, binding tightly to metabolites e.g. thiol. These results necessitate a major reappraisal of the biological effects of CORMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Southam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Thomas W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Rhiannon L Lyon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Chunyan Liao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Clare R Trevitt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Laurence A Middlemiss
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Francesca L Cox
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Jonathan A Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Michael Hippler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | - Michael P Williamson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Peter J F Henderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Robert K Poole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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Bihari A, Cepinskas G, Forbes TL, Potter RF, Lawendy AR. Systemic application of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule 3 protects skeletal muscle from ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Vasc Surg 2017; 66:1864-1871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Kueh JTB, Stanley NJ, Hewitt RJ, Woods LM, Larsen L, Harrison JC, Rennison D, Brimble MA, Sammut IA, Larsen DS. Norborn-2-en-7-ones as physiologically-triggered carbon monoxide-releasing prodrugs. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5454-5459. [PMID: 28970925 PMCID: PMC5609517 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01647f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A prodrug strategy for the release of the gasotransmitter carbon monoxide (CO) at physiological pH, based upon 3a-bromo-norborn-2-en-7-one Diels–Alder cycloadducts has been developed.
A prodrug strategy for the release of the gasotransmitter CO at physiological pH, based upon 3a-bromo-norborn-2-en-7-one Diels–Alder cycloadducts of 2-bromomaleimides and 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone has been developed. Examples possessing protonated amine and diamine groups showed good water solubility and thermal stability. Half-lives for CO-release in TRIS-sucrose buffer at pH 7.4 ranged from 19 to 75 min at 37 °C and 31 to 32 h at 4 °C. Bioavailability in rats was demonstrated by oral gavage and oCOm-21 showed a dose dependent vasorelaxant effect in pre-contracted rat aortic rings with an EC50 of 1.6 ± 0.9 μM. Increased intracellular CO levels following oCOm-21 exposure were confirmed using a CO specific fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan J Stanley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
| | - Russell J Hewitt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
| | - Laura M Woods
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
| | - Lesley Larsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
| | - Joanne C Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
| | - David Rennison
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Ivan A Sammut
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
| | - David S Larsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand .
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Schallner N, Otterbein LE. Friend or foe? Carbon monoxide and the mitochondria. Front Physiol 2015; 6:17. [PMID: 25691872 PMCID: PMC4315013 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schallner
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
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15
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The severity of microvascular dysfunction due to compartment syndrome is diminished by the systemic application of CO-releasing molecule-3. J Orthop Trauma 2014; 28:e263-8. [PMID: 24675751 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the protective effects of carbon monoxide (CO), liberated from a novel CO-releasing molecule (CORM-3), on the function of compartment syndrome (CS)-challenged muscle in a rodent model, thus providing for a potential development of a pharmacologic adjunctive treatment for CS. METHODS Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups: sham (no CS), CS, CS with inactive CORM-3 (iCORM-3), and CS + CORM-3 (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally). CS was induced by elevation of intracompartmental pressure to 30 mm Hg through an infusion of isotonic saline into the anterior compartment of the hind limb for 2 hours. Both CORM-3 and iCORM-3 were injected immediately after fasciotomy. Microvascular perfusion, cellular tissue injury, and inflammatory response within the extensor digitorum longus muscle were assessed using intravital video microscopy 45 minutes after fasciotomy. Systemic levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were also measured. RESULTS Elevation of intracompartmental pressure resulted in significant microvascular perfusion deficits (23% ± 2% continuously perfused capillaries in CS vs. 76% ± 4% in sham, P < 0.0001; 55% ± 2% nonperfused capillaries in CS vs. 13% ± 2% in sham, P < 0.0001), significant increase in tissue injury (ethidium bromide/bisbenzimide of 0.31 ± 0.05 in CS vs. 0.05 ± 0.03 in sham, P < 0.0001) and adherent leukocytes (13.7 ± 0.9 in CS vs. 1.8 ± 0.5 in sham, P < 0.0001), and a progressive rise in systemic TNF-α. CORM-3 (but not iCORM-3) treatment restored the number of continuously perfused capillaries (57% ± 5%, P < 0.001), diminished tissue injury (ethidium bromide/bisbenzimide of 0.07 ± 0.01, P < 0.001), reversed the CS-associated rise in TNF-α, and decreased leukocyte adherence (0.6 ± 0.3, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CORM-3 displays a potent protective/anti-inflammatory action in an experimental model of CS, suggesting a potential therapeutic application to patients at risk of developing CS.
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Klimova NG, Hanna N, Peltier MR. Does carbon monoxide inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production by fetal membranes? J Perinat Med 2013; 41:683-90. [PMID: 23929879 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2013-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Infection-induced inflammation is a common cause of preterm birth. Pharmacologic inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines improves pregnancy outcome in animal models but there are no universally effective therapies for preterm birth in women. Carbon monoxide (CO) has anti-inflammatory properties at low concentrations but its effects on reproductive tissues is unclear. Therefore, we studied the effect of supplemental CO on the production of cytokines associated with preterm birth by fetal membranes. METHODS Cross-sections of whole fetal membranes, isolated choriodecidua, and isolated amnion were prepared using tissues collected from women who had normal vaginal deliveries at term. Tissues were placed in an organ explant culture system and stimulated with up to 10(8) CFU/mL Escherichia coli. Cultures were incubated under room air or room air+250 ppm CO for 18 h and cytokine concentrations in conditioned medium were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS CO inhibited IL-1β and TNF-α (P≤0.001) production by cultures stimulated with 10(7) CFU/mL bacteria but had no detectable effect on IL-10 by full-thickness membranes. Although CO also tended to reduce TNF-α production (P=0.053), no effect of CO was detected for IL-10 or IL-1β for membranes stimulated with 10(8) CFU/mL E. coli. TNF-α, but not IL-1β or IL-10 production, was inhibited by CO for choriodecidual cultures stimulated with 10(7) or 10(8) CFU/mL E. coli (P<0.001). IL-1β production was significantly inhibited by CO for amnion cultures stimulated with 10(7) (P=0.002) and 10(8) (P=0.017) CFU/mL E. coli. Exposure to bacteria had no effect on TNF-α or IL-10 production but CO tended to increase IL-10 production by amnion cultures stimulated with 10(8) CFU/mL E. coli (P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CO may help promote an anti-inflammatory environment during intrauterine infections by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1β production.
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Schallner N, Romão CC, Biermann J, Lagrèze WA, Otterbein LE, Buerkle H, Loop T, Goebel U. Carbon monoxide abrogates ischemic insult to neuronal cells via the soluble guanylate cyclase-cGMP pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60672. [PMID: 23593279 PMCID: PMC3620383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Carbon monoxide (CO) is an accepted cytoprotective molecule. The extent and mechanisms of protection in neuronal systems have not been well studied. We hypothesized that delivery of CO via a novel releasing molecule (CORM) would impart neuroprotection in vivo against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and in vitro of neuronal SH-SY5Y-cells via activation of soluble guanylate-cyclase (sGC). Methods To mimic ischemic respiratory arrest, SH-SY5Y-cells were incubated with rotenone (100 nmol/L, 4 h) ± CORM ALF186 (10–100 µmol/L) or inactivated ALF186 lacking the potential of releasing CO. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were analyzed using flow-cytometry (Annexin V, mitochondrial membrane potential, CM-H2DCFDA) and Western blot (Caspase-3). The impact of ALF186± respiratory arrest on cell signaling was assessed by measuring expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and soluble guanylate-cyclase (sGC) and by analyzing cellular cGMP levels. The effect of ALF186 (10 mg/kg iv) on retinal IRI in Sprague-Dawley rats was assessed by measuring densities of fluorogold-labeled RGC after IRI and by analysis of apoptosis-related genes in retinal tissue. Results ALF186 but not inactivated ALF186 inhibited rotenone-induced apoptosis (Annexin V positive cells: 25±2% rotenone vs. 14±1% ALF186+rotenone, p<0.001; relative mitochondrial membrane potential: 17±4% rotenone vs. 55±3% ALF186+rotenone, p<0.05). ALF186 increased cellular cGMP levels (33±5 nmol/L vs. 23±3 nmol/L; p<0.05) and sGC expression. sGC-inhibition attenuated ALF186-mediated protection (relative mitochondrial membrane potential: 55±3% ALF186+rotenone vs. 20±1% ODQ+ALF186+rotenone, p<0.05). ALF186 protected RGC in vivo (IRI 1255±327 RGC/mm2 vs. ALF186+IRI 2036±83; p<0.05) while sGC inhibition abolished the protective effects of ALF186 (ALF186+IRI 2036±83 RGC/mm2 vs. NS-2028+ALF186+IRI 1263±170, p<0.05). Conclusions The CORM ALF186 inhibits IRI-induced neuronal cell death via activation of sGC and may be a useful treatment option for acute ischemic insults to the retina and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division for Experimental Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
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Michel BW, Lippert AR, Chang CJ. A Reaction-Based Fluorescent Probe for Selective Imaging of Carbon Monoxide in Living Cells Using a Palladium-Mediated Carbonylation. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15668-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja307017b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian W. Michel
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alexander R. Lippert
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department
of Chemistry and ‡Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield,
United Kingdom S3 7HF
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Huber W, Linder R, Niesel J, Schatzschneider U, Spingler B, Kunz PC. A Comparative Study of Tricarbonylmanganese Photoactivatable CO Releasing Molecules (PhotoCORMs) by Using the Myoglobin Assay and Time-Resolved IR Spectroscopy. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Winburn IC, Gunatunga K, McKernan RD, Walker RJ, Sammut IA, Harrison JC. Cell damage following carbon monoxide releasing molecule exposure: implications for therapeutic applications. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 111:31-41. [PMID: 22269084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cytoprotective properties of carbon monoxide (CO) gas and CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) are well established. Despite promising pre-clinical results, little attention has been paid to the toxicological profile of CORMs. The effects of CORM-2 and its CO-depleted molecule (iCORM-2) (20-400 μM) were compared in primary rat cardiomyocytes and two cell lines [human embryonic kidney (HeK) and Madine-Darby canine kidney Cells (MDCK)]. Cells were assessed for cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis, cytology, mitochondrial energetics, oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest markers. In separate experiments, the anti-apoptotic effects of CORM-2 and i-CORM-2 treatment were compared against CO gas treatment in HeK and MDCK lines. H(2)O(2) -induced cellular damage, measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from primary cardiomyocytes, was reduced by 20 μM CORM-2; LDH activity, however, was directly inhibited by 400 μM CORM-2. Both CORM-2/iCORM-2 and CO gas decreased cisplatin-induced caspase-3 activity in MDCK and HeK cells suggesting an anti-apoptotic effect. Conversely, both CORM-2 and iCORM-2 induced significant cellular toxicity in the form of decreased cell viability, abnormal cell cytology, increased apoptosis and necrosis, cell cycle arrest and reduced mitochondrial enzyme activity. Comparison of these markers after CO gas administration to MDCK cells found significantly less cellular toxicity than in 100 μM CORM-2/iCORM-2-treated cells. CO gas did not have an adverse effect on mitochondrial energetics and integrity. Release of CO by low concentrations of intact CORM-2 molecules provides cytoprotective effects. These results show, however, that the ruthenium-based CORM by-product, iCORM-2, is cytotoxic and suggest that the accumulation of iCORM-2 would seriously limit any clinical application of the ruthenium-based CORMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Winburn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Matson JB, Webber MJ, Tamboli VK, Weber B, Stupp SI. A Peptide-Based Material for Therapeutic Carbon Monoxide Delivery. SOFT MATTER 2012; 8:2689-2692. [PMID: 22707978 PMCID: PMC3374652 DOI: 10.1039/c2sm25785h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report on the preparation of the first material for therapeutic delivery of CO. A peptide amphiphile was synthesized with a covalently attached ruthenium tricarbonyl. Self-assembled nanofiber gels containing this peptide spontaneously released CO with prolonged release kinetics compared to soluble CO donors. Oxidatively stressed cardiomyocytes had improved viability when treated with this peptide, demonstrating its potential as a biodegradable gel for localized therapeutic CO delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. Matson
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. Fax: (+312) 503-2482; Tel: (+312) 503-6713
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Vibha K. Tamboli
- Master of Biotechnology Program, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Benjamin Weber
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. Fax: (+312) 503-2482; Tel: (+312) 503-6713
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. Fax: (+312) 503-2482; Tel: (+312) 503-6713
- Departments of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Schallner N, Schwemmers S, Schwer CI, Froehlich C, Stoll P, Humar M, Pahl HL, Hoetzel A, Loop T, Goebel U. p38β-regulated induction of the heat shock response by carbon monoxide releasing molecule CORM-2 mediates cytoprotection in lung cells in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:58-66. [PMID: 21925493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The carbon monoxide releasing molecule tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (CORM-2) displays protective actions like carbon monoxide. The molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains controversial. We hypothesized that CORM-2 mediates cytoprotection via induction of heat shock proteins through activation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase. Embryonic bovine lung cells were incubated with CORM-2. Apoptosis was induced by staurosporine and analyzed by flow cytometry following annexin-V staining, caspase-3 activity assay, and by Western Blot for caspase-3 cleavage. Heat shock response was assessed by DNA-binding activity of heat shock factor 1 and by reporter gene activity. Cells were transfected with siRNA targeting p38 isoforms. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and post-hoc Holm-Sidak test. CORM-2 inhibited staurosporine-induced apoptosis (% annexin-V positive cells: staurosporine = 60 ± 4% vs. CORM-2 10 μM = 48 ± 4%, CORM-2 25 μM=42 ± 5%, CORM-2 50 μM = 40 ± 4% and CORM-2 100 μM = 38 ± 2%, mean ± S.D., P<0.001; caspase-3 activity: staurosporine=92 ± 15 RFUs vs. CORM-2 50 μM=60 ± 14 RFUs, mean ± S.D. P<0.001). CORM-2 induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, but not of JNK and ERK1/2. CORM-2 induced DNA-binding of heat shock factor 1 and elicited a 4-fold induction of gene activity (P<0.05). Incubation with the Hsp inhibitors KNK437 attenuated and 17-AAG abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of CORM-2 (P<0.001). p38 inhibition and silencing of p38β attenuated the anti-apoptotic effect of CORM-2 (P<0.05), most likely by abolishing CORM-2-induced HSF-1 binding activity. These findings suggest that CORM-2-mediated cytoprotection is caused by induction of the heat shock response and by p38 activation. Furthermore, the p38β isoform activation may represent an upstream mechanism of heat shock response induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
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Santos-Silva T, Mukhopadhyay A, Seixas JD, Bernardes GJL, Romão CC, Romão MJ. CORM-3 reactivity toward proteins: the crystal structure of a Ru(II) dicarbonyl-lysozyme complex. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:1192-5. [PMID: 21204537 DOI: 10.1021/ja108820s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CORM-3, [fac-Ru(CO)(3)Cl(κ(2)-H(2)NCH(2)CO(2))], is a well-known carbon monoxide releasing molecule (CORM) capable of delivering CO in vivo. Herein we show for the first time that the interactions of CORM-3 with proteins result in the loss of a chloride ion, glycinate, and one CO ligand. The rapid formation of stable adducts between the protein and the remaining cis-Ru(II)(CO)(2) fragments was confirmed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Liquid-Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray crystallography. Three Ru coordination sites are observed in the structure of hen egg white lysozyme crystals soaked with CORM-3. The site with highest Ru occupancy (80%) shows a fac-[(His15)Ru(CO)(2)(H(2)O)(3)] structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Santos-Silva
- REQUIMTE-CQFB, Departamento de Química, FCT-UNL, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Krause P, Wätzig E, Acil H, König S, Unthan-Fechner K, Tsikas D, Probst I. Role of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide in adult rat hepatocytes proliferating in vitro: Effects of CAS 1609. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:220-6. [PMID: 20619352 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During liver regeneration in vivo carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) are supposed to play a significant role. We raise the question whether CO and NO are involved in the growth process of cultured hepatocytes. Rat hepatocytes were stimulated into proliferation, growth being estimated by DNA content, mRNA by quantitative RT-PCR, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity by GC-MS. Dexamethasone proved obligatory for fast proliferation. It suppressed the spontaneous rise of iNOS-mRNA in cultures devoid of glucocorticoids, but did not counteract the rise in mRNA in actively dividing cultures. Expression of iNOS-mRNA and cell growth were further enhanced by LiCl (10 mM). NOS activity was completely suppressed by the iNOS-specific inhibitors N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl) acetamidine (1400 W,100 microM) and L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)lysine (L-NIL, 500 microM), however, without a decrease in hepatocyte growth. Proliferation was attenuated only by very high concentrations (>0.5 mM) of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Various NO donors (at 100 microM) did not stimulate cell growth. The furoxan CAS 1609 stimulated growth, decreased iNOS-mRNA expression and transiently increased haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-mRNA without releasing considerable amounts of NO. 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3,-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) attenuated the action of CAS 1609. Proliferation was stimulated by Co-protoporphyrin and tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer (CORM-2). We conclude that CAS 1609 triggers hepatocyte mitosis most likely via direct, NO-independent induction of HO-1 expression, pointing to CO as a growth-promoting signal in the proliferation cascade in cultured hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Krause
- Department of General Surgery, University Göttingen, Germany
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Shedlock DJ, Talbott KT, Morrow MP, Ferraro B, Hokey DA, Muthumani K, Weiner DB. Ki-67 staining for determination of rhesus macaque T cell proliferative responses ex vivo. Cytometry A 2010; 77:275-84. [PMID: 20104580 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The capacity for robust proliferation upon re-infection is a hallmark of adaptive immunity and the basis of vaccination. A widely used animal model for the study of human disease is the rhesus macaque (RM), where capacity for proliferation can be assessed ex vivo using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based dilution assays. However, we show over the course of the standard ex vivo proliferation assay that CFSE-labeling at commonly used dye concentrations induces significant cell death, but that this phenomenon is dose-dependent. Here, we describe an alternative semiquantitative method for estimating T cell proliferative responses that avoids the putative biases associated with chemical modification. RM peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated ex vivo with cognate peptides for 5 days, immunostained for intracellular Ki-67, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. We describe a gating strategy using Ki-67 and side light scatter, also a marker of blastogenesis, which correlates strongly with data from CFSE dilution. We show that this method is a valid tool for measuring RM antigen-specific cellular proliferation ex vivo and can be used as an alternative to CFSE dilution assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J Shedlock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2010; 15:254-61. [PMID: 20351662 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e328337a8db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kunz PC, Huber W, Rojas A, Schatzschneider U, Spingler B. Tricarbonylmanganese(I) and ârhenium(I) Complexes of Imidazol-Based Phosphane Ligands: Influence of the Substitution Pattern on the CO Release Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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