1
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Altavilla G, Aliberti S, D'Elia F. Assessment of Motor Performance and Self-Perceived Psychophysical Well-Being in Relation to Body Mass Index in Italian Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1119. [PMID: 39334651 DOI: 10.3390/children11091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The relationship between psychophysical self-perception (PSP), body mass index (BMI) and motor performance (MP) levels, in quantitative and qualitative terms, can be a very interesting connection to investigate. This study aimed to assess MP and PSP according to gender and weight differences (normal weight-Nw/overweight-obese-Ov-Ob) and their relationship to BMI in Italian adolescents. METHODS In total, 144 students (F = 72; M = 72) aged between 11 and 13 y.o. participated in this study. They were divided into two groups by gender and into two subgroups based on weight (Nw/Ov-Ob). Standing long jump, sit-and-reach, 10 × 5 m shuttle and sit-up tests to assess MP were carried out, and an ad hoc questionnaire to evaluate PSP was administrated. RESULTS In comparing the Nw and Ov-Ob subgroups on the basis of BMI for each gender, statistically significant differences emerged in all motor skill tests administered. Regarding PSP, the Nw subgroup showed high and positive levels, while Ov-Ob showed low and negative levels, highlighting a relationship between high BMI and poor motor performance as well as negative psychophysical perception in the Ov-Ob subgroup. CONCLUSIONS this study supports the importance of physical sport activity to regulate excess weight but also contribute to better psychophysical well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Altavilla
- Research Centre of Physical Education and Exercise, Pegaso Telematic University, 80143 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Aliberti
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Education Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Elia
- Department of Human, Philosophical and Education Sciences, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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2
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Stojiljkovic A, Karagianni E, Varsamo A, Batalik L, Pepera G. Correlation of anthropometric characteristics and movement behavior with lower extremity muscle power and dynamic knee valgus in adolescent basketball athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:970-977. [PMID: 38842375 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.24.15870-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anthropometric characteristics of adolescent basketball athletes can determine their ability to produce muscle power. Lack of physical activity (PA) level or an increased sedentary life seem to be associated with the overall health status and the occurrence of knee injuries. The aim of this paper was to identify possible correlations between anthropometric characteristics, body composition, exposure time to electronic devices or screen time (ST), and PA level along with muscle power and dynamic knee valgus (DKV) in young basketball athletes. METHODS Anthropometric and demographic characteristics were recorded. PA level was assessed through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and ST was assessed through a single question from the HELENA study. The Counter Movement Jump test was used for the evaluation of the lower limb muscle power, while the Single Leg Drop Jump test was used for the evaluation of the DKV via two-dimensional (2D) kinematic analysis. RESULTS One hundred twenty-five adolescent basketball athletes (66.4% boys), 12 to 17 years old (13.94±1.58 years) participated. The Pearson index showed a statistically significant positive correlation between muscle power and height (r=0.788, P<0.001), while the Spearman Index showed a more minor but equally statistically significant positive correlation with Body Mass Index (rs=0.651, P<0.001) and age (rs=0.579, P<0.001). The ST (rs= -0.194, P=0.03) showed a weak negative correlation with DKV, while PA (r=0.85, P<0.001) showed a high, statistically significant, positive correlation. CONCLUSIONS A high level of PA could play a key role in compensating and thus reducing the negative effects of high exposure to ST on the DKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Stojiljkovic
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Eleni Karagianni
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Antoniou Varsamo
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Ladislav Batalik
- Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Garyfallia Pepera
- Clinical Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece -
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3
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Dykstra BJ, Griffith GJ, Renfrow MS, Mahon AD, Harber MP. Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:349-357. [PMID: 38460068 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Examine the current state of literature related to the impact of obesity in children and adolescents on health-related physical fitness and the resultant cardiometabolic disease risk. RECENT FINDINGS Cardiorespiratory fitness of children and adolescents has declined over the past few decades which corresponds with an increase in obesity rates. Children with obesity are more likely to have low cardiorespiratory fitness which is associated with higher cardiometabolic disease risk and poorer mental health. The impact of obesity on muscular fitness in children and adolescents is more difficult to ascertain, but in general measures of physical function are lower in children with obesity which has also been associated with higher cardiometabolic disease risk. Components of health-related physical fitness are trending negatively in children and adolescents and appear to be related to the increase in prevalence of obesity. The resultant cardiometabolic disease risk has also risen which suggests a greater disease burden in the future. These disparaging findings highlight the need for aggressive interventions to improve physical fitness in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garett J Griffith
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Anthony D Mahon
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Matthew P Harber
- Clinical Exercise Physiology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, 47306, USA.
- Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Pratt J, Paolocci N, Boreham C, De Vito G. Grip strength positively correlates with blood pressure in individuals with abnormal adiposity. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:110-119. [PMID: 37689823 PMCID: PMC10844084 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00862-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Although strong positive correlations exist between grip strength and cardiovascular health, the association between grip strength and blood pressure (BP) is less clear. In this regard, a more precise relationship between grip strength and BP may be revealed by considering adiposity. We examined the association between grip strength and BP in 9424 individuals aged 18-92 years, while controlling for or stratifying by body mass index (BMI) or body fat (BF)%. Grip strength, BP and BF% were determined using dynamometry, sphygmomanometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Overall, those with elevated BP had greater grip strength than those with normal BP (39.17 kg vs 38.38 kg, p < 0.001); however, following stratification this was only observed in overweight or obese individuals (42.08 kg vs 41.10 kg, p = 0.003 and 41.34 kg vs 40.03 kg, p = 0.033), and those within the highest BF% tertile (37.95 kg vs 36.52 kg, p < 0.001). Overall, higher grip strength was associated with an increased odds for elevated BP (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.004-1.024, p = 0.004); however, after stratification the increased odds was only observed in overweight or obese individuals (OR = 1.025, 95% CI = 1.010-1.039, p < 0.001 and OR = 1.018, 95% CI = 1.004-1.031, p = 0.010), and those within the highest BF% tertile (OR = 1.036, 95% CI = 1.022-1.051, p < 0.001). Individuals with low grip strength and high BF% had lower odds for elevated BP (OR = 0.514, 95% CI = 0.341-0.775, p = 0.002), whereas those with low grip strength and low BF% had higher odds for elevated BP (OR = 2.162, 95% CI = 1.026-4.555, p = 0.043). Our findings show that higher grip strength is related to higher BP in overweight or obese individuals, or those with a high BF%. Having a BMI < 25 kg/m2 or lower BF% may neutralise this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedd Pratt
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CIR-Myo Myology Centre, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Colin Boreham
- Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe De Vito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, CIR-Myo Myology Centre, Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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5
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Dos Santos de Fontes PA, Zaniqueli D, Siqueira JH, Morra EA, Martinho LCAP, Oliosa PR, Mill JG, de Oliveira Alvim R. Role of muscle mass in the association between handgrip strength and blood pressure in children and adolescents. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:128-133. [PMID: 37770564 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Studies have reported conflicting results on the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and blood pressure during childhood and adolescence. High multicollinearity involving somatic components that influence both HGS and blood pressure might be an important source of bias. This study sought to investigate the independent effects of HGS and muscle mass on blood pressure levels in children and adolescents. Muscle mass and fat mass (Multifrequency Electrical Bioimpedance) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (Automatic oscillometric device) were assessed in 833 volunteers aged 6-18 years, of both sexes. Handgrip strength-for-age quartiles were calculated and participants were assigned to groups by HGS quartiles. Analysis of covariance was conducted to address the linear association between HGS and SBP adjusted for height, muscle mass, and fat mass. To test for linear trend, contrast analysis was conducted. Partial eta-squared was used to confirm or rule out a small significant effect of the independent variables on SBP. The effect size of HGS on SBP was not significant in both sexes. In girls, 1.7% of the between-groups variance in SBP was accounted for by muscle mass (P = 0.016). In boys, 2.3% and 1.8% of the between-groups variance in SBP was accounted for by muscle mass (P = 0.001) and height (P = 0.005), respectively. In conclusion, children with a more advanced physical maturity for their age, that is, who are taller, stronger, and have greater fat-free mass, may be nearly reaching the physiological parameters of adulthood, and consequently have higher systolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divanei Zaniqueli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Elis Aguiar Morra
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Polyana Romano Oliosa
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Oliveira Alvim
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.
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Burton AM, Cowburn I, Thompson F, Eisenmann JC, Nicholson B, Till K. Associations Between Motor Competence and Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Psychosocial Characteristics in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2023; 53:2191-2256. [PMID: 37542607 PMCID: PMC10587315 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor competence is an integral component of the health and performance of youth. Numerous studies support the hypothesis that motor competence interacts with perceived motor competence and physical fitness during childhood to induce positive (e.g. healthy weight status) or negative (e.g. reduced physical activity engagement) trajectories. Yet, while adolescence is a key period of rapid growth and maturation, no systematic reviews and meta-analyses have examined the association between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial characteristics solely within adolescents. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to (1) analyse the scientific literature evaluating associations between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and/or psychosocial characteristics amongst adolescents; (2) evaluate the associations between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness characteristics and/or psychosocial characteristics amongst adolescents; and (3) investigate the impact of moderator variables (i.e., age, sex, type of motor competence assessment) on the associations. METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted, followed by a qualitative synthesis of study methods. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to establish the magnitude and orientation of pooled correlation coefficients between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial characteristics of adolescents, whilst considering potential moderators (i.e., age, sex, type of motor competence assessment). RESULTS Sixty-one studies were included, totalling 22,256 adolescents. Twenty-seven different assessments of motor competence were used, with 31 studies utilising product-orientated (i.e. outcome) motor competence assessments. Meta-analyses of 43 studies showed that motor competence was positively associated with physical activity (r = 0.20 to 0.26), some physical fitness characteristics (e.g. muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance; r = 0.03 to 0.60) and psychosocial characteristics (r = 0.07 to 0.34), and inversely associated with weight status (r = - 0.36 to - 0.10), speed (r = - 0.31) and agility (r = - 0.37 to 0.41). Associations with flexibility were unclear. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the hypothesised interactions of motor competence with physical activity (positive), physical fitness (positive except for weight status, speed and agility) and psychosocial characteristics (positive) in adolescence. However, methodological approaches vary considerably (e.g. variety of motor competence assessments utilised), with limitations of the current literature including an inadequate assessment of motor competence, a lack of longitudinal observations and a failure to account for biological maturation. Future research assessing associations between motor competence and physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial characteristics of adolescents should include longitudinal observations of a combined motor competence assessment (i.e. process and product) and account for biological maturation. Improved evaluation using these recommendations could provide more accurate data, leading to more targeted interventions to improve adolescents' physical and psychosocial outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42021233441 (PROSPERO ID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Burton
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK.
- Queen Ethelburga's Collegiate, York, UK.
| | - Ian Cowburn
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
| | - Ffion Thompson
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
- Queen Ethelburga's Collegiate, York, UK
| | - Joey C Eisenmann
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
- Lakeland University, Plymouth, WI, USA
| | - Ben Nicholson
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
| | - Kevin Till
- Research Centre for Sports Coaching, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Headingley Campus, Churchwood Avenue, Leeds, LS26 3QT, UK
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7
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Morikawa SY, Takeda Y, Fujihara K, Ikeda I, Kobayashi A, Hatta M, Mitsuma Y, Horikawa C, Ishiguro H, Yamada T, Ogawa Y, Sone H. Associations among metabolic health, weight status, and various physical fitness components in Japanese adolescents: a cross-sectional study (NICE EVIDENCE study- Agano 3). J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1279-1289. [PMID: 37881015 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2268358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Aim was to examine associations among metabolic health, weight status, and various physical fitness (PF) components in 1744 Japanese adolescents aged 13-14. Anthropometric measurements and PF tests (20 m shuttle run test [20mSRT], handgrip strength/body mass [HG], standing long jump [SLJ], and sit ups [SU]) were administered. The bottom sex-specific quintile of PF indicated "low fit". Participants were classified as non-overweight (non-OW) or overweight/obese (OW) according to the International Obesity Task Force. Clustered metabolic risk was defined as the sum of Z scores for mean arterial pressure, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and HbA1c, divided by three, and ≥ 1 SD. Combination of weight status and scores for HG or SU were additively associated with clustered metabolic risk. Compared with the non-OW-moderate-high fit group, the OW-low HG group was 3.05 (95%CI: 1.88-4.97) times more likely to have clustered metabolic risk although risk was not significantly elevated in the OW-moderate-high HG group (1.52 [95%CI: 0.88-2.62]). A similar association was observed between OW and low SU scores but not between OW and low 20mSRT or SLJ scores. Adolescents with OW and moderate-high HG or SU scores had a lower prevalence of an unfavourable metabolic state than those with OW and low HG or SU results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Yoshizawa Morikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tokushima Bunri University Faculty of Human Life Science, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasunaga Takeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Izumi Ikeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ayako Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Niigata College of Nursing, Joetsu, Japan
| | - Mariko Hatta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yurie Mitsuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Chika Horikawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Niigata Prefecture Faculty of Human Life Studies, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hajime Ishiguro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takaho Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yohei Ogawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
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Albornoz-Guerrero J, Barceló O, García-Merino S, García-Pérez-de-Sevilla G, Cigarroa I, Zapata-Lamana R. Protocol Study: Resistance Training Program, Nutritional, Sleep, and Screen Use Recommendations in Schoolchildren from Educational Centers in the Extreme South of Chile. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:74. [PMID: 37736957 PMCID: PMC10514887 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has tripled, reaching critical levels of malnutrition. This factor is directly associated with a poorer health-related quality of life of the child and adolescent population. This article presents the study protocol of the project "Strong schoolchildren with a healthy lifestyle" (EF-Salud), which seeks to analyze the effects of a multicomponent program based on muscle strength exercises, sleep nutritional recommendations, and the use of screens in Chilean educational centers with extremely cold weather. METHODS The study protocol of a randomized controlled trial with a pre- and post-test conducted according to the CONSORT statement is reported. The total sample (n = 144) will be schoolchildren from six different school years, four of which will perform an intervention and two control. Intervention group 1 (from two different school years) will receive a muscular strength exercise program in the classroom once a day from Monday to Friday for six months and nutritional, sleep, and use of screens recommendations once a week. Intervention group 2 (from two different school years) will receive a program of nutritional, sleep, and use of screens recommendations once per week for six months. The control group (from two different school years) will carry out their usual school day in relation to physical education classes. Before and after the intervention, the investigators will evaluate the cardiovascular risk, physical condition, and lifestyle related to sleep and use of screens. EXPECTED RESULTS The schoolchildren in intervention group 1 will obtain significant results in increased strength, decreased cardiovascular risk, improved sleep habits, and fewer hours of screen use compared to the other two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Albornoz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Educación y Humanidades, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 62000000, Chile;
| | - Olga Barceló
- Department of Sports Sciences, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sonia García-Merino
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Igor Cigarroa
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile;
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9
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Sadowsky CL. Targeting Sarcopenia as an Objective Clinical Outcome in the Care of Children with Spinal Cord-Related Paralysis: A Clinician's View. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:837. [PMID: 37238385 PMCID: PMC10217275 DOI: 10.3390/children10050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Muscle loss is consistently associated with immobility and paralysis and triggers significant metabolic and functional changes. The negative effects of sarcopenia are amplified in children who are in the process of building their muscle mass as part of development. Because muscle mass loss is consistently associated with increased morbidity and mortality throughout life, optimizing the size and health of muscles following a neurologic injury is an objective target for therapeutic interventions. This review hypothesizes that muscle mass correlates with functional outcomes in children with paralysis related to spinal cord-related neurologic deficits. We propose that the measurement of muscle mass in this population can be used as an objective outcome for clinical long-term care. Finally, some practical clinical approaches to improving muscle mass are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina L. Sadowsky
- International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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10
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Manzano-Carrasco S, Garcia-Unanue J, Haapala EA, Felipe JL, Gallardo L, Lopez-Fernandez J. Relationships of BMI, muscle-to-fat ratio, and handgrip strength-to-BMI ratio to physical fitness in Spanish children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:2345-2357. [PMID: 36881145 PMCID: PMC9989582 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship of body mass index (BMI), muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR), and handgrip strength-to-BMI ratio to physical fitness parameters in an active young population according to sex across four different time points. A total of 2256 Spanish children and adolescents (aged 5-18) from rural areas participating in an extracurricular sport in different municipal sports schools participated in this study. Participants were divided into children (5-10 years) and adolescents (11-18 years), boys and girls, and across four different time points (2018, 2019, 2020, 2021). Data on anthropometric measures (BMI, MFR, appendicular skeletal muscle mass) and physical fitness (handgrip strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and vertical jump) were collected. Boys who were overweight, but especially boys with obesity, had higher absolute handgrip strength in children and adolescents than their normal weight counterparts in 2020 and 2021. Boys and girls with normal weight presented higher cardiorespiratory fitness and vertical jump than their overweight and obese peers over the years. The MFR was directly correlated with the cardiorespiratory fitness and vertical jump variables, but not with handgrip strength, in boys and girls. The handgrip strength-to-BMI ratio in both sexes was positively correlated to the different physical fitness parameters. Conclusion: BMI, MFR, and handgrip strength-to-BMI can be used as health and physical fitness indicators in this population. What is Known: • BMI is the main indicator commonly used as a proxy for obesity for many years. Nevertheless, it cannot differentiate between fat mass and fat-free mass. • There are other indicators such as MFR and handgrip strength-to-BMI that might be more accurate and can serve to monitor the health and fitness of children and adolescents. What is New: • MFR showed a positive and significant correlation with cardiorespiratory fitness and vertical jump in both sexes. On the other hand, the handgrip strength-to-BMI presented a positive correlation with cardiorespiratory fitness, vertical jump, and handgrip strength. • The use of these indicators obtained through different parameters of body composition and physical fitness can serve as a tool to identify the relationships of the paediatric population with physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Manzano-Carrasco
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Garcia-Unanue
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jose Luis Felipe
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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11
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Sánchez-Delgado A, Pérez-Bey A, Izquierdo-Gómez R, Jimenez-Iglesias J, Marcos A, Gómez-Martínez S, Girela-Rejón MJ, Veiga OL, Castro-Piñero J. Fitness, body composition, and metabolic risk scores in children and adolescents: the UP&DOWN study. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:669-687. [PMID: 36443504 PMCID: PMC9899179 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to analyse the longitudinal association between physical fitness (PF) and body composition (BC) with a metabolic risk score (Met4) in children and adolescents and to elucidate whether the association between PF and Met4 differs when using relativized or absolute fitness variables. A total of 188 children (86 females) and 195 adolescents (97 females) were included. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was determined by the 20-m shuttle run test, and muscular fitness (MF) was determined by hand grip and standing long jump tests. Height and weight were measured, and the body mass index (Kg/m2) was calculated. Triceps and subscapular skinfolds were assessed to compute body fat percentage. Met4 was computed from systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose levels. Relative CRF was longitudinally and negatively associated with Met4 in female children (β = -0.031, p = 0.025), while absolute CRF was positively associated with Met4 in male children and adolescents (β = 0.000, p < 0.05). Relative upper and lower-body MF were longitudinally and negatively associated with Met4 in female adolescents (β = -1.347, β = -0.005, p < 0.05), while absolute lower-body MF was positively associated with Met4 in male children (β = 0.000, p = 0.019). BC was longitudinally and positively associated with Met4 in male children (β-ranging from 0.011 to 0.055, all p < 0.05) and male adolescents (β-ranging from 0.011 to 0.046, all p < 0.05). Conclusion: BC is more strongly associated with Met4 than PF in children and adolescents. An optimal body weight status should be considered the main objective of health-promoting programs at childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, the way of expressing the fitness variables determines the direction of the association with Met4. What is Known: • Physical fitness is an important health indicator in children and adolescents, with great amount of previous evidence supporting the preventive role of maintaining optimal levels of both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness for future cardiometabolic issues. What is New: • The way of reporting physical fitness variables can affect the associations between physical fitness features and cardiometabolic outcomes. Since body composition variables have a great impact on both physical fitness and cardiometabolic health, relativizing physical fitness performance by body composition could lead to erroneous conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Sánchez-Delgado
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Bey
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Rocío Izquierdo-Gómez
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain ,grid.512013.4Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Jimenez-Iglesias
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain ,grid.512013.4Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Department of Metabolism and Nutrition (DMN) , Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - Sonia Gómez-Martínez
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Department of Metabolism and Nutrition (DMN) , Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, 28040 Spain
| | - María José Girela-Rejón
- grid.4489.10000000121678994Physical Activity for HEaLth Promotion research group (PA-HELP), Faculty of Education Sciences, Department of Didactic of Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Oscar L Veiga
- grid.5515.40000000119578126EstiLIFE Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain ,grid.512013.4Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
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12
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Venckunas T, Degens H. Genetic polymorphisms of muscular fitness in young healthy men. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275179. [PMID: 36166425 PMCID: PMC9514622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of genetic polymorphisms on muscle structure and function remain elusive. The present study tested for possible associations of 16 polymorphisms (across ten candidate genes) with fittness and skeletal muscle phenotypes in 17- to 37-year-old healthy Caucasian male endurance (n = 86), power/strength (n = 75) and team athletes (n = 60), and non-athletes (n = 218). Skeletal muscle function was measured with eight performance tests covering multiple aspects of muscular fitness. Along with body mass and height, the upper arm and limb girths, and maximal oxygen uptake were measured. Genotyping was conducted on DNA extracted from blood. Of the 16 polymorphisms studied, nine (spanning seven candidate genes and four gene families/signalling pathways) were independently associated with at least one skeletal muscle fitness measure (size or function, or both) measure and explained up to 4.1% of its variation. Five of the studied polymorphisms (activin- and adreno-receptors, as well as myosine light chain kinase 1) in a group of one to three combined with body height, age and/or group explained up to 20.4% of the variation of muscle function. ACVR1B (rs2854464) contributed 2.0–3.6% to explain up to 14.6% of limb proximal girths. The G allele (genotypes AG and GG) of the ACVR1B (rs2854464) polymorphism was significantly overrepresented among team (60.4%) and power (62.0%) athletes compared to controls (52.3%) and endurance athletes (39.2%), and G allele was also most consistently/frequently associated with muscle size and power. Overall, the investigated polymorphisms determined up to 4.1% of the variability of muscular fitness in healthy young humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Venckunas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- * E-mail:
| | - Hans Degens
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Life Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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13
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Rahmani M, Ardalan A, Ghaderi-Zefrehei M, Jeddi M, Heydari ST, Dabbaghmanesh MH. Probabilistic prediction of segmental body composition in Iranian children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:524. [PMID: 36057547 PMCID: PMC9440596 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents' body composition is considered an important measure to evaluate health status. An examination of any of the segmental compartments by anthropometric indices is a more usable method than direct methods. Objectives To propose a method based on the network approach for predicting segmental body composition components in adolescent boys and girls using anthropometric measurements. Methods A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) dataset in the south of Iran, including 476 adolescents (235 girls and 241 boys) with a range of 9–18 years, was obtained. Several anthropometric prediction models based on the network approach were fitted to the training dataset (TRD 80%) using bnlearn, an R add-in package. The best fitted models were applied to the validation dataset (VAD 20%) to assess the prediction accuracy. Results Present equations consisting of age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and hip circumference accounted for 0.85 (P < 0.001) of the variability of DXA values in the corresponding age groups of boys. Similarly, reasonable estimates of DXA values could be obtained from age, weight, height, and BMI in girls over 13 years, and from age, weight, height, BMI, and waist circumference in girls under 13 years, respectively, of 0.77 and 0.83 (P < 0.001). Correlations between robust Gaussian Bayesian network (RGBN) predictions and DXA measurements were highly significant, averaging 0.87 for boys and 0.82 for girls (P < 0.001). Conclusions The results revealed that, based on the present study’s predictive models, adolescents' body composition might be estimated by input anthropometric information. Given the flexibility and modeling of the present method to test different motivated hypotheses, its application to body compositional data is highly appealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rahmani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Ardalan
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Marjan Jeddi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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14
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Wu M, Shu Y, Wang Y. Exposure to mixture of heavy metals and muscle strength in children and adolescents: a population-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60269-60277. [PMID: 35419687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human beings are exposed to heavy metals through various ways in daily life. However, the effect of heavy metal mixtures on muscle strength in children and adolescents remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship of exposure to heavy metal mixtures (barium, cadmium, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, lead, antimony, strontium, tin, thallium, tungsten, uranium, and cesium) with muscle strength in children and adolescents. A total of 1357 (boys, 50.8%) participants aged between 8 and 17 were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011-2014. Urine metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Muscle strength was measured through a grip test using a handgrip dynamometer. Weighted quantile sum regression was performed to estimate the mixture effect of urinary metals on muscle strength. After adjusting for potential confounders, comparing participants in the highest versus lowest quartiles of cobalt, molybdenum, lead, antimony, strontium, thallium, and cesium, the handgrip strength decreased by - 4.48 kg (95% CI: - 6.93, - 2.03), - 6.13 kg (- 8.76, - 3.51), - 2.26 kg (- 4.22, - 0.30), - 2.38 kg (- 4.68, - 0.08), - 2.29 kg (- 4.45, - 0.13), - 4.78 kg (- 7.13, - 2.44), and - 5.68 kg (- 9.20, - 2.17), respectively. Furthermore, exposure to a mixture of metals were also significantly associated with decreased muscle strength (β: - 2.62 kg; 95% CI: - 3.71, - 1.54). Findings from the present study suggest that higher heavy metal exposure and the exposure levels of a mixture of metals in urine are inversely related to handgrip strength, implying that children's grip strength is not entirely explained by energy intake or lack of exercise, but may be related to environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanling Shu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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15
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Weisstaub G, Gonzalez Bravo MA, García-Hermoso A, Salazar G, López-Gil JF. Cross-sectional association between physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk in Chilean schoolchildren: the fat but fit paradox. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:1085-1094. [PMID: 35958004 PMCID: PMC9360814 DOI: 10.21037/tp-22-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have examined the "fat but fit" paradox, revealing that greater levels of physical fitness may diminish the harmful consequences of excess weight on cardiometabolic risk. Despite the above, specific information about the "fat but fit" paradox in prepuberal population is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cardiometabolic risk across (individual and combined) physical fitness and excess weight status and whether the "fat but fit" paradox is met in the sample of schoolchildren analyzed. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted including 452 children (59.1% girls), aged 7-9 years from Santiago (Chile). Physical fitness was assessed as cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness. Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by the 6-minute-walk-test and muscle strength was assessed by the handgrip and standing long jump tests. Excess weight (overweight and obesity) was computed through body mass index (z-score). Cardiometabolic risk was established by summing the z-score of the serum glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, insulin and waist-to-height ratio. RESULTS Schoolchildren with high physical fitness (individual or combined) showed the lowest cardiometabolic risk mean scores (P for trend <0.001 for all physical fitness groups). Conversely, schoolchildren with low physical fitness (individual or combined) showed the highest cardiometabolic risk mean scores (P for trend <0.001 for all categories). Additionally, schoolchildren without excess weight and with high individual or combined physical fitness status exhibits lower cardiometabolic risk mean scores compared to schoolchildren with excess weight and low physical fitness status (individual or combined) (P for trend <0.001 for all physical fitness groups). A lower odd of having high cardiometabolic risk was found in schoolchildren without excess weight and with both high physical fitness (both cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness) [odds ratio (OR) =0.08; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04 to 0.16] in comparison to those with excess weight and low physical fitness. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that improvements in both fatness and aerobic fitness could be associated with lower cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Weisstaub
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Gabriela Salazar
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Wang G, Zi Y, Li B, Su S, Sun L, Wang F, Ren C, Liu Y. The Effect of Physical Exercise on Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Fitness among Preschool Children: Study Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106331. [PMID: 35627867 PMCID: PMC9141773 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Evidence shows that physical exercise promotes preschoolers’ fundamental movement skills (FMSs) and physical fitness (PF). However, studies that assess the effectiveness of different types of physical exercise interventions to improve FMSs and PF in preschool children remain scarce. To explore and compare the effectiveness of different physical exercise on FMSs and PF, interventions comprising ball games (BGs), rhythm activities (RAs), basic movements (BMs), and a combination of all related activities (multiple activities, MAs) will be conducted among preschoolers. Methods: A single-blind, five-arm, cluster-randomized trial will be conducted in kindergarten in Shanghai, China. In total, 300 healthy preschoolers, aged 4 to 5 years, will be randomized to four intervention groups (BG, RA, BM, or MA) and one control group (unorganized physical activities). Four intervention groups will receive three 30-min lessons weekly for 16 weeks. At the baseline, the end of the 16-week intervention, and the 6-month follow-up after the end of the intervention, the primary outcomes (FMSs and PF) and physical activity (PA), and sociodemographic and anthropometric data will be assessed. Discussion: This study will provide vital information regarding the effect of different physical exercise interventions on preschool children’s FMSs and PF, PA, and the potential interactions between these domains. The most effective intervention strategy can be generalized to kindergarten and other preschool educational institutions in practice to promote preschoolers’ development of FMSs and PF. Conclusions: This study protocol aims to provide a method to solve the problem of “how to arrange physical exercise and which kind of physical exercise program can promote FMS and PF better in preschool children”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (G.W.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (F.W.); (C.R.)
- College of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yahua Zi
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Bo Li
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (G.W.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (F.W.); (C.R.)
- Institute of Sports Science, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Shan Su
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (G.W.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (F.W.); (C.R.)
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (G.W.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (F.W.); (C.R.)
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (G.W.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (F.W.); (C.R.)
| | - Chener Ren
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (G.W.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (F.W.); (C.R.)
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; (G.W.); (B.L.); (S.S.); (L.S.); (F.W.); (C.R.)
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Rivas-Campo Y, Muñoz-Laverde EP, Aibar-Almazán A, Jiménez-García JD, Martínez-Amat A, García-Garro PA, Muñoz-Perete JM, Garcia-Sillero M, Castellote-Caballero Y. Handgrip Strength-Related Factors in a Colombian Hypertensive Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063726. [PMID: 35329413 PMCID: PMC8948823 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study determined the factors associated with manual grip strength in people with high blood pressure (HBP); (2) Methods: 219 subjects participated in this cross-sectional study, which evaluated muscle strength (manual dynamometer), sociodemographic factors, clinical characteristics, level of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-IPAQ score), and depression (Zung's Depression Self-Rating Scale); (3) Results: The bivariate analysis found that handgrip strength in people with HPB was associated with sex (p = 0.000), age (p = 0.000), ethnicity (p = 0.019), smoking habits (p = 0.037), alcohol consumption (p = 0.004), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.012), weight (p = 0.000), height (p = 0.000), measurement of waist circumference (p = 0.002), depression (p = 0.041), and IPAQ score (p = 0.000). Regardless of being male or female, handgrip strength was associated with age (p = 0.009), IPAQ (p = 0.000), weight (p = 0.038), height (p = 0.000), DPB units (p = 0.043), and depression (p = 0.020). The multivariate generalized linear gamma regression model showed that the coefficient with the greatest weight, regardless of sex, was age (p = 0.043), level of physical activity (24% more at high level than at low level, p = 0.031), and depression (moderate/severe depression level) associated with lower handgrip strength (p = 0.025); (4) Conclusions: Handgrip strength showed an association with level of physical activity, age, and level of depression in a middle-aged population with HBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulieth Rivas-Campo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of San Buenaventura, Cali, Santiago de Cali 760031, Colombia
| | | | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Martínez-Amat
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Juan Miguel Muñoz-Perete
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Manuel Garcia-Sillero
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain
- Laboratory Fivestars, 29018 Málaga, Spain
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Köble K, Postler T, Oberhoffer-Fritz R, Schulz T. A Better Cardiopulmonary Fitness Is Associated with Improved Concentration Level and Health-Related Quality of Life in Primary School Children. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1326. [PMID: 35268421 PMCID: PMC8911456 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the physical fitness (PF) levels of primary school children and to determine the associations among PF, concentration, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in a subcohort. PF was assessed in 6533 healthy primary school-age children (aged 6−10 years, 3248 boys and 3285 girls) via standardized test batteries. Concentration was measured with the d2-R test, and KINDL questionnaires were used to determine HRQOL. Analysis of variance showed an increase in PF with age in all PF dimensions (all p < 0.001), except cardiopulmonary fitness (estimated VO2max) in girls (p = 0.129). Boys performed better in nearly all PF dimensions, except curl-ups, in all children aged ≥7 years (p < 0.05). Concentration levels increased in boys and girls aged 7−9 years (p < 0.001), whereas HRQOL did not (p = 0.179). The estimated VO2max had a strong impact on concentration (β = 0.16, p < 0.001) and HRQOL (β = 0.21, p < 0.001) in 9- to 10-year-olds. Cardiopulmonary fitness is important for improved concentration and better HRQOL in primary school-age children. However, longitudinal data are needed to provide further insight into the intraindividual relationships of PF and concentration over the course of child development and set up targeted prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Köble
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; (T.P.); (R.O.-F.); (T.S.)
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19
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Henriksson P, Sandborg J, Henström M, Delisle Nyström C, Ek E, Ortega FB, Löf M. Body composition, physical fitness and cardiovascular risk factors in 9-year-old children. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2665. [PMID: 35177687 PMCID: PMC8854391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The independent associations of body composition and physical fitness components with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in childhood are not fully understood. Thus, this cross-sectional study examined the independent associations of body composition and physical fitness with CVD risk factors in Swedish 9-year-old children (n = 411). Unadjusted linear regression analyses showed that body mass index (BMI), % fat mass and fat mass index were all positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) score (all β ≥ 0.229, P ≤ 0.001). These associations were virtually unaffected by adjustments for basic covariates (child's age and sex, maternal educational level and maternal BMI), fat-free mass and physical fitness. Fat-free mass index had generally weak associations with CVD risk factors and no associations were statistically significant after adjustments (all P > 0.27). Greater cardiorespiratory fitness and motor fitness were associated with lower HOMA-IR and MetS score in unadjusted models (all β ≤ - 0.158, P ≤ 0.039) but not after adjustments for basic covariates and body composition. These findings indicate that cardiovascular health promotion in childhood may focus on the maintenance of a healthy fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, 58183, Sweden.
| | - Johanna Sandborg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, 58183, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Henström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Evelina Ek
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, 58183, Sweden
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Research Institute of Sport and Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, 58183, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Williams RA, Cooper SB, Dring KJ, Hatch L, Morris JG, Sun FH, Nevill ME. Physical fitness, physical activity and adiposity: associations with risk factors for cardiometabolic disease and cognitive function across adolescence. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:75. [PMID: 35109814 PMCID: PMC8809029 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03118-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cross-sectional associations between physical activity, physical fitness and adiposity with risk factors for cardiometabolic disease (particularly novel ones such as inflammatory cytokines) and cognitive function across the period of adolescence are not well understood. Additionally, novel physical activity metrics that summarise activity volume and intensity in a continuous manner have not been investigated in this context. Therefore, this study investigated the cross-sectional associations between physical activity, physical fitness and adiposity with risk factors for cardiometabolic disease and cognitive function. These associations were compared between younger and older adolescents. METHODS Seventy younger (11-12y, 35 girls) and 43 older (14-15y, 27 girls) adolescents volunteered to take part in the study. Physical fitness (multi-stage fitness test, MSFT) and adiposity (waist circumference) were determined, followed 7d later by resting blood pressure, a fasted blood sample (glucose, plasma insulin, IL6, IL10, IL15 and IL-1β concentrations) and a cognitive function test battery. Habitual physical activity was monitored via hip-worn accelerometers over this 7-d period and the average acceleration (activity volume), and intensity gradient (intensity distribution of activity) were determined. RESULTS Average acceleration and intensity gradient were negatively associated with mean arterial blood pressure (β = -0.75 mmHg, p = 0.021; β = -10 mmHg, p = 0.006, respectively), and waist circumference was positively associated with IL-6 concentration (β = 0.03%, p = 0.026), with stronger associations observed in older adolescents. Higher physical fitness (MSFT distance) was positively associated with anti-inflammatory IL-15 concentration (β = 0.03%, p = 0.038) and faster response times on the incongruent Stroop task (β = -1.43 ms, p = 0.025), the one-item level of the Sternberg paradigm (β = -0.66 ms, p = 0.026) and the simple (β = 0.43 ms, p = 0.032) and complex (β = -2.43 ms, p = 0.020) levels of the visual search test, but these were not moderated by age group. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights the important role of physical activity (both the volume and intensity distribution) and physical fitness for cardio-metabolic health. Furthermore, the present study highlights the importance of physical fitness for a variety of cognitive function domains in adolescents, irrespective of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Williams
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Simon B Cooper
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Karah J Dring
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Lorna Hatch
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - John G Morris
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Feng-Hua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mary E Nevill
- Exercise and Health Research Group Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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21
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Ma N, Dang J, Liu Y, Zhong P, Yan X, Zhang J, Dong Y, Song Y, Ma J, Lau PWC. Percentile Curves for Multiple Physical Fitness Components Among Chinese Han Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 Years From a National Survey Based on the Total and the Normal Weight Population. Front Nutr 2022; 8:770349. [PMID: 35047541 PMCID: PMC8762235 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.770349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To develop sex- and age-specific percentile curves for seven physical fitness components for Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7–18 years based on the total and the normal weight population using a nationally representative sample. Methods: A total of 214,228 Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7–18 years old with all nutritional status and 161,999 with normal weight were examined. Seven physical fitness components [forced vital capacity (FVC), standing long jump (SLJ), 50-m dash, sit-and-reach (SR), grip strength (GS), body muscle strength (BMS), and endurance running (ER)] were measured, and percentile curves for each physical fitness component at the 20th, 40th, 60th, and 80th percentiles were calculated using the general additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS). Results: Physical fitness presents different characteristics in each subgroup of sex, age, and nutritional status among children and adolescents. Sex- and age-specific percentiles for the seven physical fitness components among the Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7–18 years based on the total and the normal weight population were provided as curves. Boys performed better than girls in FVC, SLJ, 50-m dash, GS, and ER but worse in SR. The performances of FVC, SLJ, 50-m dash, GS, BMS, and ER increased with age, but the estimates of SR were at the bottom among boys aged 12 years and girls aged 11 years. The annual increments of all components were larger in boys than girls at the peak time, which was earlier in girls than boys. The gap of physical fitness components between sexes increased with age, especially during puberty (since after 11 years old). Conclusion: The present study described the percentile curves of seven physical fitness components among the Chinese Han children and adolescents based on the total and the normal weight population at the national level, which could help to chart the level of physical fitness across age span and identify the extreme populations with either health concerns or potential talents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Dang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Panliang Zhong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojin Yan
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick W C Lau
- Department of Sport, Physical Education & Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Laboratory of Exercise Science and Health, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
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22
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de Lima TR, Martins PC, Moreno YMF, Chaput JP, Tremblay MS, Sui X, Silva DAS. Muscular Fitness and Cardiometabolic Variables in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2022; 52:1555-1575. [PMID: 35020179 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of muscular fitness (MF) in the performance of activities of daily living is unequivocal. Additionally, emerging evidence has shown MF can reduce cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine and summarize the evidence regarding the relationship between MF phenotypes (i.e., maximum muscular strength/power, muscular endurance, and maximum muscular strength/power/endurance) and cardiometabolic variables (obesity, blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, inflammatory markers, and clustered cardiometabolic variables) in children and adolescents. DESIGN This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020179273. DATA SOURCES A systematic review was performed on five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) from database inception to May 2020, with complementary searches in reference lists. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Eligibility criteria included (1) a study sample of youth aged ≤ 19 years, (2) an assessment of MF with individual or clustered cardiometabolic variables derived from adjusted models (regardless of test/measurement adopted or direction of reported association), and (3) a report of the association between both, using observational studies. Only original articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English, Portuguese, and Spanish languages were considered. The quality of the included studies was assessed by using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute checklist. The percentage of results reporting a statistically significant inverse association between each MF phenotype and cardiometabolic variables was calculated. RESULTS Of the 23,686 articles initially identified, 96 were included (77 cross-sectional and 19 longitudinal), with data from children and adolescents from 35 countries. The score for the quality of evidence ranged from 0.33 to 0.92 (1.00 maximum). MF assessed by maximum muscular strength/power was inversely associated with lower obesity (64/113 total results (56.6%)) and reduction in clustered cardiometabolic risk (28/48 total results (58.3%)). When assessed by muscular endurance, an inverse association with obesity (30/44 total results (68.1%)) and cardiometabolic risk (5/8 total results (62.5%)) was identified. Most of the results for the relationship between MF phenotypes with blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory markers indicated a paucity of evidence for these interrelationships (percentage of results below 50.0%). CONCLUSION MF assessed by maximum muscular strength/power or muscular endurance is potentially associated with lower obesity and lower risk related to clustered cardiometabolic variables in children and adolescents. There is limited support for an inverse association between MF with blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis biomarkers, and inflammatory markers in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Rodrigues de Lima
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88010-970, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Custódio Martins
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88010-970, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Franco Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark Stephen Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88010-970, Brazil
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23
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Santaliestra-Pasías AM, Moreno LA, Gracia-Marco L, Buck C, Ahrens W, De Henauw S, Hebestreit A, Kourides Y, Lauria F, Lissner L, Molnar D, Veidebaum T, González-Gil EM. Prospective physical fitness status and development of cardiometabolic risk in children according to body fat and lifestyle behaviours: The IDEFICS study. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12819. [PMID: 34002531 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated cardiometabolic risk (CMR) is an important factor for cardiovascular diseases later in life while physical fitness seems to decrease CMR. OBJECTIVE Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the association between muscular fitness (MF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on CMR in European children, both cross-sectional and longitudinally. METHODS A total of 289 children (49.5% males) from eight European countries, aged 6 to 9, with longitudinal information on blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, homoeostasis model assessment, body mass index, data on fitness level, objectively measured physical activity (PA), diet quality, and total screen time were included. A CMR score was calculated and dichotomized. MF and CRF were also dichotomized. Cross-sectional and longitudinal multilevel logistic regressions adjusting for lifestyle behaviours were performed. RESULTS Reaching a high level of MF during childhood as well as remaining in that level over-time were associated with an 82% and 62% lower probability of high CMR at follow-up, respectively. Also, children who became top CRF over time, showed a 77% lower probability (P < 0.05) of being in the highest CMR quartile at follow-up, independently of sociodemographic and lifestyle indicators. CONCLUSIONS A high MF at early childhood and during childhood reduces the odds of having CMR. Same occurs with the improvement of CRF during childhood. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing fitness to avoid CMR already in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba M Santaliestra-Pasías
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Christoph Buck
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Institute of Statistics, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Fabio Lauria
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- National Institute for Health Development, Center of Health and Behavioral Science, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Esther M González-Gil
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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24
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Albornoz-Guerrero J, Zapata-Lamana R, Reyes-Molina D, Cigarroa I, García Pérez de Sevilla G, García-Merino S. Overweight/Obese Schoolchildren with Low Muscle Strength Have a Lower Cardiorespiratory Capacity and Greater Cardiovascular Risk: Results of the School Health Survey of the Extreme South of Chile 2019. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8090734. [PMID: 34572166 PMCID: PMC8469989 DOI: 10.3390/children8090734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To compare cardiovascular risk and cardiorespiratory capacity in schoolchildren from a region in the extreme south of Chile according to nutritional status and muscular strength. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 594 schoolchildren from 5th to 8th grade in the extreme south of Chile. Based on body mass index and lower limb muscle strength, participants were divided into four groups: high strength-normal weight, high strength-overweight/obese, low strength-normal weight, and low strength-overweight/obese. Then, waist-to-height ratio and cardiorespiratory capacity, measured with the 20 m shuttle run test, were assessed to determine their cardiovascular risk, comparing the four groups. Results: The overweight/obese group with high muscular strength presented better indicators in anthropometric variables (waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio) than their peers with low muscular strength. Additionally, the overweight/obese group with low muscular strength presented a lower cardiorespiratory capacity than their peers with high muscular strength. Both results were observed in boys and girls. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that overweight/obese schoolchildren with high muscle strength present healthier anthropometric indicators and greater cardiorespiratory capacity than their peers with low muscle strength. These results confirm the relevance of measuring muscle strength in schoolchildren and its usefulness to assess functionality. These results encourage the scientific community to continue studying the role that muscle strength plays in modulating the effects of overweight and obesity on respiratory and cardiovascular conditions in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Albornoz-Guerrero
- Departamento de Educación y Humanidades, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile;
| | | | - Daniel Reyes-Molina
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile;
| | - Igor Cigarroa
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | | | - Sonia García-Merino
- Sports Sciences Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-617-32-26-66
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25
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Temporal Trends in the Standing Broad Jump Performance of 10,940,801 Children and Adolescents Between 1960 and 2017. Sports Med 2021; 51:531-548. [PMID: 33368030 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The standing broad jump (SBJ) is an excellent functional measure of explosive lower-body strength that is significantly related to health among children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to estimate national (country-level) and international (pooled global data) temporal trends in SBJ performance for children and adolescents, and to examine the relationships between national trends in SBJ performance and national trends in health-related and socioeconomic/demographic indicators. METHODS Data were obtained from a systematic search of studies reporting temporal trends in SBJ performance for 9- to 17-year-olds, and by examining national fitness datasets. Sample-weighted regression models estimated trends at the study/dataset-country-sex-age level, with national and international trends estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Pearson's correlations quantified relationships between national trends in SBJ performance and national trends in health-related and socioeconomic/demographic indicators. RESULTS Data from 34 studies/datasets were extracted to estimate trends for 10,940,801 children and adolescents from 24 high-, 4 upper-middle-, and 1 low-income countries between 1960 and 2017. Collectively, there was a negligible (per decade) improvement in SBJ performance of 1.73 cm (95% CI 1.71-1.75), 0.99% (95% CI 0.97-1.01) or a standardized effect size of 0.07 (0.07-0.07) over the entire period, with the rate of improvement steady from the 1960s to the 1980s, slowing in the 1990s, before declining. Sex- and age-related temporal differences were negligible. Trends differed between countries, with most countries experiencing declines. National trends in SBJ performance were not significantly related to national trends in health-related and socioeconomic/demographic indicators. CONCLUSIONS SBJ performance of children and adolescents has declined since 2000 (at least among most of the countries in this analysis) and is suggestive of a modern decline in functional explosive lower-body strength. Growing recognition of the importance of muscular fitness as a marker of population health highlights the need for continued tracking of temporal trends in SBJ, especially among low- and lower-middle-income countries for which temporal data are lacking. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42013003657.
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26
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Kidokoro T, Edamoto K. Improvements in Physical Fitness are Associated with Favorable Changes in Blood Lipid Concentrations in Children. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2021; 20:404-412. [PMID: 34267579 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence suggests the benefits of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness, little knowledge exists on how other physical fitness (PF) components are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk markers in children. Additionally, much of the relevant evidence is from longitudinal studies with CVD risk markers at a single time point (i.e., baseline) rather than changes in PF. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether initial 1-year changes in different performance measures of PF (i.e., endurance performance, muscular strength/endurance, flexibility, agility, and speed) can predict the subsequent changes (2-year change) in blood lipid concentrations in children. This 2-year longitudinal study included a total of 251 Japanese children (mean age 9.2 ± 0.4). PF tests were performed to comprehensively evaluate the participant's fitness levels (handgrip strength [upper body muscular strength], bent-leg sit-ups [muscular endurance], sit-and-reach [flexibility], side-step [agility], 20-meter shuttle run [endurance performance], 50-meter sprint [speed], standing long jump [lower body muscular strength], and softball throw [explosive arm strength and throwing ability]). Fasting lipid profile was assayed for triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-HDL-C concentration. Multilevel linear regressions were used to examine the associations between the preceding changes (over 1-year) in PF and subsequent changes (over 2-years) in blood lipid concentrations. We also examined the simultaneous associations between 2-year changes in PF and 2-year changes in blood lipid concentrations. For boys, preceding improvement in handgrip strength was negatively associated with TG concentration (β = -0.260, p = 0.030); improvements in bent-leg sit-ups were negatively associated with clustered lipid scores (β = -0.301, p = 0.038) and non-HDL-C (β = -0.310, p = 0.044); and improvements in 50m sprinting were associated with subsequent changes in non-HDL-C (β = 0.348, p = 0.006) and LDL-C (β = 0.408, p = 0.001). For girls, improvements in handgrip strength was negatively associated with TG concentration (β = -0.306, p = 0.017); and improvements in standing long jump were negatively associated with non-HDL-C (β = -0.269, p = 0.021) and LDL-C (β = -0.275, p = 0.019). For boys and girls, there were no significant simultaneous associations between 2-year changes in PF and 2-year changes in blood lipid concentrations. In conclusion, preceding change in physical fitness in relation to change in blood lipid concentration likely reflect a physiological adaptation to growth and maturation since these associations diminished in the subsequent year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Edamoto
- Department of Education, Faculty of Letters, Kanazawa Gakuin University, Ishikawa, Japan
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27
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Zhou M, Zha F, Chen Y, Liu F, Zhou J, Long J, Luo W, Huang M, Zhang S, Luo D, Li W, Wang Y. Handgrip Strength-Related Factors Affecting Health Outcomes in Young Adults: Association with Cardiorespiratory Fitness. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6645252. [PMID: 33969122 PMCID: PMC8084643 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6645252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Handgrip strength (HS) is a risk factor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular diseases. However, the influencing factors and mechanisms contributing to this correlation remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore factors related to HS and investigated the mechanism underlying its risk predictive value. METHODS This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. One hundred forty-five participants were recruited from December 2019 to November 2020. HS was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer and adjusted for body mass index (HSBMI) and body surface area (HSBSA). Body composition was assessed via bioimpedance spectroscopy. Physical fitness was measured using a cardiopulmonary exercise test system. Univariate, multiple linear regression analyses and receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) were conducted to evaluate the associations between various participant characteristics and HS. RESULTS The average participant age was 21.68 ± 2.61 years (42.8% were male). We found positive correlations between HSBMI/HSBSA and VO2max, VEmax, Loadmax, and METmax in both sexes (p < 0.05). Lean-tissue, protein, total water, and inorganic salt percentages were positively correlated, and fat percentage was negatively correlated with HSBMI in men and with HSBMI and HSBSA in women (p < 0.05). Multiple regression revealed that VO2max was independently associated with HSBSA in both sexes (β = 0.215, 0.173; 95%confidence interval [CI] = 0.032 - 0.398, 0.026-0.321; p = 0.022, 0.022, respectively) and independently associated with HSBMI in women (β = 0.016, 95%CI = 0.004 - 0.029, p = 0.011). ROC analysis showed that HSBMI and HSBSA can moderately identify normal VO2max in men (area under curve [AUC] = 0.754, 0.769; p = 0.002, 0.001, respectively) and marginally identify normal VO2max in women (AUC = 0.643, 0.635; p = 0.029, 0.042, respectively). CONCLUSIONS BMI- and BSA-adjusted HS could serve as indicators of physical health, and HSBSA may moderately reflect cardiorespiratory fitness levels in healthy young adults, particularly in males. Clinical trials registry site and number: China Clinical Trial Center (ChiCTR1900028228).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fubing Zha
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianjun Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiling Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Shenzhen Dapeng New District Nan'ao People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donglan Luo
- Shenzhen Dapeng New District Nan'ao People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Dooley FL, Kaster T, Fitzgerald JS, Walch TJ, Annandale M, Ferrar K, Lang JJ, Smith JJ, Tomkinson GR. A Systematic Analysis of Temporal Trends in the Handgrip Strength of 2,216,320 Children and Adolescents Between 1967 and 2017. Sports Med 2021; 50:1129-1144. [PMID: 32026238 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate national and international temporal trends in handgrip strength for children and adolescents, and to examine relationships between trends in handgrip strength and trends in health-related and sociodemographic indicators. METHODS Data were obtained through a systematic search of studies reporting temporal trends in the handgrip strength for apparently healthy 9-17-year-olds, and by examining large national fitness datasets. Temporal trends at the country-sex-age level were estimated by sample-weighted regression models relating the year of testing to mean handgrip strength. International and national trends were estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Pearson's correlations quantified relationships between national trends in handgrip strength and national trends in health-related/sociodemographic indicators. RESULTS 2,216,320 children and adolescents from 13 high-, 5 upper-middle-, and 1 low-income countries/special administrative regions between 1967 and 2017 collectively showed a moderate improvement of 19.4% (95% CI 18.4-20.4) or 3.8% per decade (95% CI 3.6-4.0). The international rate of improvement progressively increased over time, with more recent values (post-2000) close to two times larger than those from the 1960s/1970s. Improvements were larger for children (9-12 years) compared to adolescents (13-17 years), and similar for boys and girls. Trends differed between countries, with relationships between national trends in handgrip strength and national trends in health-related/sociodemographic indicators negligible-to-weak and not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS There has been a substantial improvement in absolute handgrip strength for children and adolescents since 1967. There is a need for improved international surveillance of handgrip strength, especially in low- and middle-income countries, to more confidently determine true international trends. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42013003657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith L Dooley
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, 2751 2nd Avenue North, Stop 8235, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Tori Kaster
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, 2751 2nd Avenue North, Stop 8235, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - John S Fitzgerald
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, 2751 2nd Avenue North, Stop 8235, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Tanis J Walch
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, 2751 2nd Avenue North, Stop 8235, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Madison Annandale
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katia Ferrar
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, 2751 2nd Avenue North, Stop 8235, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA. .,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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29
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Kozieł S, Chakraborty R, Bose K, Ignasiak Z, Gomula A, Nowak-Szczepanska N. The effect of a natural disaster on handgrip strength in prepubertal Indian children exposed to a severe cyclone during the prenatal and early postnatal growth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7473. [PMID: 33811238 PMCID: PMC8018953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural disasters (NDs) experienced by women and their children during prenatal and infant growth may have long-lasting effects on offspring’s development. Handgrip strength (HGS) is one of the measures of muscular strength and an indicator of health status. This study compared HGS in children exposed to cyclone Aila in India during their prenatal and infant growth compared to a control group from a non-affected, adjacent area. The total sample involved 444 boys and 423 girls aged 7–9 years, categorised into 3 groups: prenatally exposed to Aila, exposed to Aila in infancy, and the control group, non-exposed to Aila. Results revealed that prenatally exposed children of both sexes had significantly lower HGS than the controls (at least, p < 0.001 in boys; p < 0.05 in girls). On the other hand, the postnatally exposed boys, but not the girls, showed lower HGS than the controls. A significant effect of a group factor (ND exposure) on HGS was observed even after controlling for confounding variables (age, height, BMI, birth weight, gestational age; at least, p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that prenatal or early postnatal experience of a ND may have association with impaired HGS in prepubertal children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Raja Chakraborty
- Department of Anthropology, Dinabandhu Mahavidyalaya, Bongaon, West Bengal, India.
| | - Kaushik Bose
- Department of Anthropology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Zofia Ignasiak
- Department of Biostructure, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gomula
- Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Nowak-Szczepanska
- Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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30
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González-Gil EM, Huybrechts I, Aguilera CM, Béghin L, Breidenassel C, Gesteiro E, González-Gross M, de Henauw S, Kersting M, Donne CL, Manios Y, Marcos A, Meirhaeghe A, De Miguel-Etayo P, Molina-Hidalgo C, Molnár D, Papadaki A, Widhalm K, Moreno LA, Bel-Serrat S. Cardiometabolic Risk is Positively Associated with Underreporting and Inversely Associated with Overreporting of Energy Intake Among European Adolescents: The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study. J Nutr 2021; 151:675-684. [PMID: 33484148 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary misreporting is the main limitation of dietary assessments and has been associated with BMI during youth. However there are no prior studies assessing misreporting and cardiometabolic risks (CMRs) in adolescence. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between dietary misreporting and CMR factors in adolescents and to assess the potential bias in the association between CMR and energy intake (EI) driven by dietary misreporting. METHODS Two 24-hour dietary recalls were obtained from 1512 European adolescents (54.8% girls) aged 12.5-17.5 years. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Cut-offs suggested by Huang were applied to identify misreporters. Height, waist circumference (WC), the sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measurements were taken and serum triglycerides and total-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were analyzed. A sex- and age-specific clustered CMR score (n = 364) was computed. Associations were investigated by multilevel regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, center, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. RESULTS Underreporting (24.8% adolescents) was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with a higher WC, waist-to-height ratio (WHeR), and sum of skinfold thickness, whereas overreporting (23.4% adolescents) was significantly associated with a lower WC, WHeR, sum of skinfold thickness, and SBP. Associations between CMR factors and EI were significantly affected by misreporting, considering various approaches. Significant, positive associations became inverse after adjusting for misreporting for WC and WHeR. The opposite was true for the sum of skinfold thickness, SBP, and CMR score. The associations between EI and DBP and CRF did not remain significant after adjusting for misreporting. CONCLUSIONS CMR factors differed among misreporting groups, and both abdominal and total fat mass indicators were more strongly associated with all forms of misreporting than was BMI. Moreover, misreporting seems to bias EI and CMR associations in adolescents. Therefore, energy misreporting should be taken into account when examining diet-CMR associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M González-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Center of Biomedical Research, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research (GENUD) Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER). Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Concepción M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Center of Biomedical Research, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER). Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurent Béghin
- University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie (CHU) Lille, Clinical Investigation Center, Lille, France
- University Lille, Inserm, Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Christina Breidenassel
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institut of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Gesteiro
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER). Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institut of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefaan de Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, Pediatric University Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aline Meirhaeghe
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pilar De Miguel-Etayo
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research (GENUD) Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER). Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Molina-Hidalgo
- Evaluacion funcional y fisiologia del ejercicio. Ciencia y tecnologia de la salud (EFFECTS 262) Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Angeliki Papadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Medicine University Vienna, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterolgy and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research (GENUD) Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER). Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Bel-Serrat
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research (GENUD) Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Duclos M, Lacomme P, Lambert C, Pereira B, Ren L, Fleury G, Ovigneur H, Deschamps T, Fearnbach N, Vanhelst J, Toussaint JF, Thivel D. Is physical fitness associated with the type of attended school? A cross-sectional analysis among 20.000 adolescents. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:404-411. [PMID: 33687178 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While academic achievement has been associated with physical activity, the present work questions the potential association between the physical fitness level of adolescents and the type of school they attend, ranging from academic to technical schools. METHODS 20,228 young French students from 76 schools (9,196 females), mean age 15.8±1.8 years, performed the Diagnoform© test. This dataset includes two higher education institutions (n=870), 37 general high schools (n=13,125), 18 professional-oriented high schools (n=3,569), 5 agricultural high schools (n=132), 2 vocational training centers (n=202) and 12 rural vocational training centers (n=1,137). RESULTS In higher education institutions and general high schools, girls showed better performances for all physical tests. A decreasing Quotient of overall Physical fitness Condition (QPC) was observed for both genders from urban higher education schools to rural and technical institutions (p<0.001). The proportion of total variance accounting for within institution variation is strong (intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) 0.20 [0.15; 0.27] for QPC). CONCLUSIONS The lower physical fitness level observed here among students from technical or training schools places them at higher risks for the development of future chronic diseases. These results suggest that specific interventions are needed depending on the educational setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Duclos
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University-Hospital (CHU), G.Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,UFR Médecine, BP 10448, Clermont University, University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Celine Lambert
- Department of Biostatistics, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Department of Biostatistics, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Libo Ren
- Clermont University, University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | - Nicole Fearnbach
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center Baton Rouge, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jérémy Vanhelst
- U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France.,Clinical Investigation Center, University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC 1403, Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- CIMS, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, IRMES, INSEP, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Thivel
- INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France - .,EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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32
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Brand C, de Lucena Martins CM, Dias AF, Fochesatto CF, García-Hermoso A, Honório R, Mota J, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR. Multicomponent intervention effect on cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight/obese Brazilian children: a mediation analysis. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Brand C, Gaya ACA, Dias AF, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Farinha JB, Macedo RCO, Mota J, de Oliveira AR, Gaya AR. The role of adiposity in the relationship between physical fitness with cardiometabolic risk factors, adipocytokines and inflammation in children. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lee S, Pooni R, Arslanian S, Han M, Kuk JL. Separate and combined relationships for cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength with visceral fat and insulin sensitivity in adolescents with obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:945-951. [PMID: 33625947 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the separate and combined associations for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular strength (MS) with total and regional fat, and insulin sensitivity (IS) in 204 adolescents (BMI ≥85th percentile, 12-18 years) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. CRF was measured by maximum oxygen consumption during a graded treadmill test. MS was quantified by combining 1-repetition maximum test for the leg and bench press. Participants were stratified as having either high or low CRF and MS based on sex-specific median split. Both high CRF and high MS groups had lower (P < 0.05) total fat after adjustment for sex, Tanner stage and ethnicity than the low CRF and MS groups (Difference: 6.6, 2.6-9.6% and 5.4, 2.4-8.3%, respectively). High CRF, but not high MS, had lower visceral (67.5 versus 77.9 cm2, P < 0.01) and intermuscular fat (3.6 versus 4.0 kg, P = 0.01) than the low CRF groups. Differences by CRF remained significant after adjustment for MS. High CRF, but not high MS, was associated (P < 0.05) with lower fasting glucose and higher IS after accounting for sex, Tanner stage and ethnicity than the low CRF group, and high CRF remained associated with these markers after adjustment for MS. High CRF is associated with lower total and regional fat, and higher IS after adjustment for MS. Novelty: CRF is associated with lower total fat, visceral and intermuscular fat, and higher insulin sensitivity adjusting for muscular strength. Muscular strength is not associated with regional body fat and insulin sensitivity after accounting for CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoJung Lee
- Division of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Rubin Pooni
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Center for Pediatric Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Minsub Han
- Division of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer L Kuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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de Lima TR, Martins PC, Torre GL, Mannocci A, Silva KS, Silva DAS. Association between muscle strength and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:1-12. [PMID: 33055312 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize evidence for the association between muscle strength (MS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents. Five databases (Medline/PubMed, EBSCO, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) were searched up to November 2019 with complementary reference list searches. Inclusion criteria were studies that investigated the relationship between MS and MetS or MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents (≤19 years of age). Risk of bias was assessed using standard procedures. From the total of 15,599 articles initially identified, 13 articles were included, representing 11,641 children and adolescents. Higher MS values were associated with lower risk for MetS or combinations of risk factors for MetS (n=11/13 studies). Of the total of included studies, about 23.1% (03/13) were longitudinal and all included studies were classified as having a moderate risk of bias. This review provides preliminary evidence for a beneficial relationship between MS and MetS among children and adolescents. Additionally, although the body of evidence points to the beneficial relationship between higher MS and lower risk for combination of factors for MetS in children and adolescents, this relationship is inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago R de Lima
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Priscila C Martins
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe L Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Mannocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kelly S Silva
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Group on Physical Activity and Health, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Diego A S Silva
- Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Cline A, Knox G, De Martin Silva L, Draper S. A Process Evaluation of A UK Classroom-Based Physical Activity Intervention-'Busy Brain Breaks'. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:63. [PMID: 33498371 PMCID: PMC7909392 DOI: 10.3390/children8020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The gap between development of effective physical activity interventions and the wide-scale adoption of these interventions in real-world settings has been reported since the early 2000s. Evaluations have been criticised for failing to report details of context, implementation, adoption and maintenance. 'Busy Brain Breaks' was an intervention designed to improve fundamental movement patterns whilst increasing physical activity within the classroom. This evaluation study used a mixed-methods approach including questionnaires, observations, semi-structured interviews and quantification of class-level dose. Findings suggest that giving teachers flexibility and autonomy over the way in which they implement physical activity interventions may increase the likelihood of adoption. Time was frequently perceived as a significant barrier to the intervention, giving the teachers flexibility to implement the intervention when they thought most suitable allowed teaching staff to retain their autonomy and make the intervention work with their schedule. Children's behaviour appeared to be both a facilitator and barrier to implementing physical activity interventions within the classroom. Whilst misbehaviour can pose as a barrier, children's enjoyment acts as a key facilitator to implementation for teaching practitioners. Teachers interviewed (n = 17) observed that movement ability had developed as a result of the intervention and recognised co-ordination, balance and stability as areas that had noticeably improved. Conducting an in-depth process evaluation has allowed for greater insight and understanding as to how, and to what extent, the intervention was implemented within the school-based setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Cline
- Department of Sport, Hartpury University, Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL19 3BE, UK; (G.K.); (L.D.M.S.); (S.D.)
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Shigeta TT, Leahy AA, Smith JJ, Eather N, Lubans DR, Hillman CH. Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness associations with older adolescent cognitive control. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:82-90. [PMID: 32442694 PMCID: PMC7856563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in physical activity supports greater cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a correlate of cognitive control. However, the relationship between muscular fitness (MF) and cognitive control is less clear. The present study investigated the differential relationship of CRF and MF with cognitive control in older adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved students (15-17 years old, n = 541, 43% female) from 20 secondary schools who completed tests of inhibition (modified flanker task), working memory (n-back task), CRF (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run), and MF (standing long jump and push-up test). Multilevel analyses tested the association between CRF or MF and cognitive outcomes while accounting for the influence of the other fitness variable and relevant demographic factors. RESULTS CRF predicted response accuracy during incongruent flanker trials, the condition requiring greater inhibition. For the working memory task, CRF predicted greater target accuracy and greater d' scores on the 1-back task, requiring lesser amounts of working memory. In the 2-back task, which requires greater amounts of working memory, CRF also predicted greater target and non-target accuracy and d' scores. Comparatively, MF did not predict any cognitive outcomes after adjustment for CRF. CONCLUSION CRF was selectively related to better performance during task conditions that require greater amounts of inhibition and working memory. This finding suggests that CRF, but not MF, may benefit cognitive control in older adolescents. This selective influence of CRF on older adolescents' cognition highlights the value of aerobic physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya T Shigeta
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Angus A Leahy
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Narelle Eather
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02131, USA
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Petrovics P, Sandor B, Palfi A, Szekeres Z, Atlasz T, Toth K, Szabados E. Association between Obesity and Overweight and Cardiorespiratory and Muscle Performance in Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:E134. [PMID: 33375469 PMCID: PMC7796204 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence has major public health consequences, since it is associated with various chronic diseases in the short- and long-term. The goal of our study was to examine the possible association between obesity and overweight and cardiorespiratory and muscle performance during a 4-year follow up period in adolescents. The body mass index (BMI) and physical performance of adolescents (360 girls and 348 boys) between 14-18 years of age was measured twice a year, and the possible correlation between overweight and obesity and cardiorespiratory and muscle performances were investigated. Our results revealed that cardiorespiratory performance increased significantly in boys during the 4 years (p < 0.001), but the aerobic performance of girls only showed seasonal fluctuation. Muscle performance significantly increased both in boys and girls (p < 0.001). Inverse association between obesity and cardiorespiratory and muscle performance was proved. Overweight was also inversely correlated with cardiorespiratory performance, but it demonstrated no correlation with muscle strength. Avoiding increased BMI and decreased physical fitness is essential for adolescents' health to prevent short- and long-term adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Petrovics
- 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, University of Pecs, Medical School, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (P.P.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Barbara Sandor
- 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, University of Pecs, Medical School, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (P.P.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Anita Palfi
- 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, University of Pecs, Medical School, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (P.P.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zsolt Szekeres
- 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, University of Pecs, Medical School, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (P.P.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Tamas Atlasz
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Kalman Toth
- 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Pecs, Medical School, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Eszter Szabados
- 1st Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, University of Pecs, Medical School, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (P.P.); (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
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The longitudinal relationship between dietary intake, physical activity and muscle strength among adolescents. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1207-1218. [PMID: 32624008 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The longitudinal relationship between muscle strength, dietary intake and physical activity among adolescents is not well understood. We investigated the trend and longitudinal effects of dietary intakes and physical activity scores on muscle strength in adolescents. This prospective cohort study consisted of 436 adolescents (134 males; 302 females) aged 13 years at baseline (2012) who were followed up at the ages of 15 (2014) and 17 (2016) years, respectively. We measured muscle strength using a calibrated hand dynamometer, estimated dietary intake with a 7-d dietary history and physical activity scores with a validated physical activity questionnaire for older children. A generalised estimating equation was used to examine the effect of dietary intakes and physical activity on muscle strength changes. The analysis was performed separately by sex. The muscle strength for males and females had increased within the 5-year period. The dietary intakes (energy and macronutrients) also increased initially but plateaued after the age of 15 years for both sexes. Females recorded a significant declining trend in physical activity scores compared with males as they grew older. A significant positive longitudinal relationship was found between protein (β = 0·035; P = 0·016), carbohydrate intake (β = 0·002; P = 0·013) and muscle strength among males. However, no longitudinal relationship was found between dietary intake, physical activity and muscle strength among females. Higher protein and carbohydrate intake among males was associated with higher muscle strength but was not observed in females. Nutrition and physical activity focusing on strength building are required in early adolescence and need to be tailored to males and females accordingly.
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Tian Q, Wang H, Kaudimba KK, Guo S, Zhang H, Gao S, Wang R, Luan X, Lee JKW, Chen P, Liu T, Wang R. Characteristics of Physical Fitness and Cardiometabolic Risk in Chinese University Students with Normal-Weight Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4157-4167. [PMID: 33177856 PMCID: PMC7649220 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s280350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To (i) describe the characteristics of physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk in Chinese university students with normal-weight obesity (NWO); (ii) assess the association between NWO with physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk. METHODS A total of 249 participants from the 2018 Shanghai University of Sport Alumni Health Cohort Study in China formed the study cohort. NWO was defined as normal body mass index (17.9-23.9 kg/m2 for males; 17.2-23.9 kg/m2 for females) but with excess body-fat percentage (≥20% for males; ≥30% for females). Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical-fitness scores were calculated from a battery of sex-specific tests. Cardiometabolic risk was calculated using a continuous clustered risk (MetS) score. RESULTS We found that 16.7% of male and 45.3% of female university students were classified as having NWO. Participants with NWO showed worse cardiorespiratory fitness than those with normal weight (NW) (male NWO (37±8) vs male NW (41±6) mL/kg/min, p<0.01; female NWO (31±4) vs female NW (33±6) mL/kg/min, p<0.01). NWO was associated negatively with the fitness score (OR = 0.853; 95% CI = 0.793-0.917) and was associated positively with the MetS score (1.280; 1.162-1.410). CONCLUSION University students with NWO were characterized by higher cardiometabolic risk and lower levels of physical fitness. Our findings implied that university students with NWO should be mindful of the potential hidden health risks of excess body fat and participate in exercise to enhance physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Shanshan Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixin Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Luan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jason Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Global Asia Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiemin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Choi EY. Relationship of Handgrip Strength to Metabolic Syndrome Among Korean Adolescents 10-18 Years of Age: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-18. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 19:93-99. [PMID: 33136525 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Handgrip strength (HGS), a simple, convenient, and economic measurement of muscle strength, is known to be related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. This relationship in adolescents, however, has not been widely examined. this study investigated the relationship of MetS (as defined by the International Diabetes Federation [IDF]'s criteria) to HGS in Korean adolescents. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data on 2802 adolescents 10-18 years of age from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2014-18, which had measured and recorded HGS, body mass index, and other parameters relevant to MetS. Normalized HGS was defined as the sum of the maximum HGS from both hands normalized per weight. Complex sample multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between HGS and MetS. Results: The risk of MetS decreased with increasing sex-specific quartile of normalized HGS in both boys and girls after adjustment for age (Ptrend < 0.001). Higher HGS was associated with lower odds of having MetS, such that for every 5% increase of normalized HGS, the odds were decreased by factors of 0.79 (0.73-0.85) and 0.67 (0.59-0.77) for boys and girls, respectively, after age adjustment. Conclusions: This population-based, nationally representative study suggests that higher HGS is associated with lower risk of MetS in Korean adolescents regardless of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Choi
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Kim KK, Lee KR, Hwang IC. Association between handgrip strength and cardiovascular risk factors among Korean adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:1213-1217. [PMID: 32809958 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background It remains unclear whether muscle strength, which reduces cardiovascular (CV) risk in adults, is associated with similar protection in Asian adolescents. This study investigated the association between handgrip strength and CV health in a large Korean sample of school-age adolescents. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of adolescents aged 10-18 years (n=4,018) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey between 2014 and 2017. Handgrip strength was measured using a dynamometer. CV risk factors include waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose or hemoglobin A1c, and lipid levels. Logistic regression models were applied with adjustment for potential confounders. Results The mean age of participants was 14.0 years, and 53.6% were boys. Mean handgrip strength was 30.4 kg for boys and 22.0 kg for girls. Boys more frequently had high systolic blood pressure and impaired fasting glucose, whereas girls more frequently had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that in boys only, handgrip strength was negatively associated with central obesity and hypertriglyceridemia and positively associated with higher systolic blood pressure. Conclusion Handgrip strength is independently associated with some CV risk factors only in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Kon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Rae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Cheol Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Role of physical fitness and functional movement in the body posture of children with overweight/obesity. Gait Posture 2020; 80:331-338. [PMID: 32599548 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is known to negatively impact body posture with severe consequences for the musculoskeletal system. Physical performance could play a positive role in the body posture conformation of these children, but there is little evidence to date. RESEARCH QUESTION Is physical performance (i.e., physical fitness and functional movement) associated with a better body posture in children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB)? If so, is physical performance more determinant than their obesity degree in the body posture conformation? METHOD A total of 62 children with OW/OB (10.86 ± 1.25 years, 58 % girls) were included. BMI, physical fitness components (one-repetition-maximum (1RM) arms and leg press, and ALPHA test battery), functional movement quality (Functional Movement Screen™) and body posture (two-dimensional photogrammetry) were evaluated. RESULTS Physical fitness components and functional movement were overall associated with a more aligned posture of the head, lumbar and thoracic spines and lower limb. BMI was associated with head protraction, thoracic hyperkyphosis, lumbar hyperlordosis and lower limb valgus. BMI was the best predictor of head and lumbar spine posture, cardiorespiratory fitness of lower limb posture in frontal plane, speed-agility of lower limb posture in the sagittal plane and functional movement of thoracic spine. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings reveal that physical fitness and functional movement are associated with a better global body posture in children with OW/OB, and that in some musculoskeletal structures are even better predictors than their obesity degree.
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Hao G, Chen H, Ying Y, Wu M, Yang G, Jing C. The Relative Handgrip Strength and Risk of Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Prospective Study. Front Physiol 2020; 11:719. [PMID: 32714207 PMCID: PMC7344191 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to investigate the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and cardiometabolic disorders (CMD), including hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, in a prospective study. Methods The association between HGS and CMD was examined using the data from 5,271 Chinese adult participants ≥45 years old enrolled in the CHARLS (Chinese Health and Retirement Prospective Cohort Study) during 2011-2015. Relative HGS, calculated as maximal absolute HGS from both hands divided by body mass index, was used in the primary analysis and divided into three groups according to the tertiles (T1, T2, and T3). Results The participants with higher relative HGS had a lower risk of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia than those with lower HGS, although did not reach statistical significance for diabetes and hypertension in males. Participants with higher HGS had significantly lower risk of hypertension [T3 vs. T1: OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51-0.91, P = 0.010] and dyslipidemia (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.51-0.83, P < 0.001) in males. For females, participants with higher HGS had significantly lower risks of dyslipidemia (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.54-0.83, P < 0.001). Conclusion A consistent association was observed between higher relative HGS and lower risk of CMD. Further research is required to evaluate whether relative HGS can be a convincing predictor for the occurrence of CMD and as a target for intervention in the high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Hao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Endemic Disease, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Ying
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Kaster T, Dooley FL, Fitzgerald JS, Walch TJ, Annandale M, Ferrar K, Lang JJ, Smith JJ, Tomkinson GR. Temporal trends in the sit-ups performance of 9,939,289 children and adolescents between 1964 and 2017. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1913-1923. [PMID: 32567491 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1763764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We estimated international/national temporal trends in sit-ups performance for children and adolescents, and examined relationships between national trends in sit-ups performance and national trends in health-related/sociodemographic indicators. Data were obtained by systematically searching studies reporting on temporal trends in sit-ups performance for apparently healthy 9-17 year-olds, and by examining nationally representative fitness datasets. Trends at the country-sex-age level were estimated by sample-weighted regression models relating the testing year to mean sit-ups performance. International/national trends were estimated by a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. Pearson's correlations quantified relationships between national trends in sit-ups performance and national trends in health-related/sociodemographic indicators. A total of 9,939,289 children and adolescents from 31 countries/special administrative regions between 1964 and 2017 collectively showed a large improvement of 38.4% (95% CI: 36.8 to 40.0) or 7.1% per decade (95% CI: 6.8 to 7.4). Large international improvements were experienced by all age and sex groups, with the rate of improvement slowing from 1964 to 2000, stabilizing near zero until 2010, before declining. Trends differed between countries, with national trends in vigorous physical activity a strong, positive correlate of national trends in sit-ups performance. More sit-ups data are needed from low- and middle-income countries to better monitor trends in muscular fitness. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42013003657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori Kaster
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Faith L Dooley
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - John S Fitzgerald
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Tanis J Walch
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Madison Annandale
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katia Ferrar
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada , Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute , Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan J Smith
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, ND, USA.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Health-related physical fitness indicators and clustered cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: A longitudinal study. J Exerc Sci Fit 2020; 18:162-167. [PMID: 32636893 PMCID: PMC7330612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective This study examined relationships between health-related physical fitness indicators and clustered cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents between 2014 and 2017. Methods The sample consisted of 93 students (60% girls), with complete data sets in both 2014 and 2017. The physical fitness components evaluated were: flexibility (sit and reach), muscular fitness (curl-up and push-up), cardiorespiratory fitness (progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run), and body fat (BMI). The cardiometabolic risk factors were: waist circumference, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides and fasting blood glucose. Z-scores were calculated for each risk factor, with the sum of risk factor z-scores values used to represent clustered cardiometabolic risk. Results The results of cross-sectional analysis indicated that muscle fitness (curl-up: β = −0.37, p < 0.001; push-up: β = −0.38, p < 0.005) and cardiorespiratory fitness (β = −0.56, p < 0.001) were inversely associated with clustered cardiometabolic risk, with BMI positively associated (β = 0.58, p < 0.001). In the longitudinal analysis, cardiorespiratory fitness (β = −0.33; p < 0.005) and body fat (β = 0.46, p < 0.001) demonstrated a significant association with clustered cardiometabolic risk. However, no significant associations between the health-related physical fitness and clustered cardiometabolic risk were observed after adjustment for baseline values. Conclusion Our cross-sectional findings highlight the importance of health-related physical fitness indicators to adolescents. In regarding the longitudinal analysis, further studies are needed in order to clarify the influence of physical fitness in the adolescence and cardiometabolic risk later in life.
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Thomas E, Petrigna L, Tabacchi G, Teixeira E, Pajaujiene S, Sturm DJ, Sahin FN, Gómez-López M, Pausic J, Paoli A, Alesi M, Bianco A. Percentile values of the standing broad jump in children and adolescence aged 6-18 years old. Eur J Transl Myol 2020. [DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2020.9050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The standing broad jump (SBJ) is a valid, reliable and feasible field-based test, which can evaluate explosive strength of the lower limbs and physical fitness. This study aimed to provide normative data for the SBJ for male and female children and adolescents and describe differences in performance between age groups and genders. A total number of 2140 children and adolescents, sampled in seven European nations have been included for analysis. The SBJ was performed to derive percentile values for gender and each age group. In general, males have greater jumping performance compared to females. Data demonstrate a linear increase in the jumping distance for both males and females until adolescence. However, such increase is evident in males up to 16-17 years old, whereas in females a plateau value is met at 12-13 years old, with a subsequent decrease in the jumping performance. No differences were present in jumping performance between male and female children, however differences between male and female adolescents were evinced. The study has provided percentile values useful to monitor the physical fitness status of children and adolescents.
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Thomas E, Petrigna L, Tabacchi G, Teixeira E, Pajaujiene S, Sturm DJ, Sahin FN, Gómez-López M, Pausic J, Paoli A, Alesi M, Bianco A. Percentile values of the standing broad jump in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years old. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:9050. [PMID: 32782766 PMCID: PMC7385687 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.9050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The standing broad jump (SBJ) is a valid, reliable and feasible field-based test, which can evaluate explosive strength of the lower limbs and physical fitness. This study aimed to provide normative data for the SBJ for male and female children and adolescents and describe differences in performance between age groups and genders. A total number of 2140 children and adolescents, sampled in seven European nations have been included for analysis. The SBJ was performed to derive percentile values for gender and each age group. In general, males have greater jumping performance compared to females. Data demonstrate a linear increase in the jumping distance for both males and females until adolescence. However, such increase is evident in males up to 16-17 years old, whereas in females a plateau value is met at 12-13 years old, with a subsequent decrease in the jumping performance. No differences were present in jumping performance between male and female children, however differences between male and female adolescents were evinced. The study has provided percentile values useful to monitor the physical fitness status of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Petrigna
- Sport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Garden Tabacchi
- Sport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Eduardo Teixeira
- CIEQV, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior, IPSantarém, Portugal
| | - Simona Pajaujiene
- Department of Coaching Science, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - David J Sturm
- Associate Professorship of Educational Science in Sport and Health, Technical University of Munich, Uptown Munich Campus D, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Fatma Nese Sahin
- Faculty of Sport Sciences. Coaching Education Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Manuel Gómez-López
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport. International Campus of Excellence "Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Spain
| | - Jelena Pausic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Croatia
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Marianna Alesi
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Silveira JFDC, Barbian CD, Burgos LT, Renner JDP, Paiva DN, Reuter CP. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE SCREEN TIME AND THE CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS WITH THE PRESENCE OF METABOLIC RISK IN SCHOOLCHILDREN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 38:e2019134. [PMID: 32520301 PMCID: PMC7274529 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2019134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To verify the association between screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness
with the presence of metabolic risk in schoolchildren in an isolated and
clustered manner. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1.200 schoolchildren from Santa Cruz do Sul-RS.
Screen time and cardiorespiratory fitness were evaluated. The continuous
metabolic risk score was calculated by summing the Z score of the waist
circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, total
cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein
(HDL-C). Results: Children (34.3%) and adolescents (48.2%) had high screen time, while 44.3%
of the children and 53.3% of the adolescents were unfit in relation to
cardiorespiratory fitness. Regarding the relation of screen
time/cardiorespiratory fitness, 14.7% of the children and 26.9% of the
adolescents presented high screen time and low levels of cardiorespiratory
fitness. The presence of metabolic risk was shown in children (17.1%) and
adolescents (14.7%). The presence of metabolic risk was directly associated
with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents.
When analyzed in clusters, the metabolic risk in children was 11% more
prevalent in subjects with low screen time/unfit and 12% in subjects with
high screen time/unfit, whereas in adolescents, the prevalence of metabolic
risk was also higher in those with low screen time/unfit (8%) and high
screen time/unfit (7%). Conclusions: The presence of metabolic risk in children and adolescents was associated
with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, independent of screen time, in
an isolated or clustered manner.
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Differences in areal bone mineral density between metabolically healthy and unhealthy overweight/obese children: the role of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:1219-1225. [PMID: 31822016 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether areal bone mineral density (aBMD) differs between metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy (MUO) overweight/obese children and to examine the role of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in this association. METHODS A cross-sectional study was developed in 188 overweight/obese children (10.4 ± 1.2 years) from the ActiveBrains and EFIGRO studies. Participants were classified as MHO or MUO based on Jolliffe and Janssen's metabolic syndrome cut-off points for triglycerides, glucose, high-density cholesterol and blood pressure. MVPA and CRF were assessed by accelerometry and the 20-m shuttle run test, respectively. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS In model 1 (adjusted for sex, years from peak high velocity, stature and lean mass), MHO children had significantly higher aBMD in total body less head (Cohen's d effect size, ES = 0.34), trunk (ES = 0.43) and pelvis (ES = 0.33) than MUO children. These differences were attenuated once MVPA was added to model 1 (model 2), and most of them disappeared once CRF was added to the model 1 (model 3). CONCLUSIONS This novel research shows that MHO children have greater aBMD than their MUO peers. Furthermore, both MVPA and more importantly CRF seem to partially explain these findings.
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