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Sattar S, Bailie M, Yaqoob A, Khanum S, Fatima K, Altaf AURB, Ahmed I, Shah STA, Munawar J, Zehra QA, Daud S, Arshad A, Imdad K, Javed S, Tariq A, Bostan N, Altermann E. Characterization of two novel lytic bacteriophages having lysis potential against MDR avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains of zoonotic potential. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10043. [PMID: 37340022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is associated with local and systemic infections in poultry, ducks, turkeys, and many other avian species, leading to heavy economical losses. These APEC strains are presumed to possess zoonotic potential due to common virulence markers that can cause urinary tract infections in humans. The prophylactic use of antibiotics in the poultry sector has led to the rapid emergence of Multiple Drug Resistant (MDR) APEC strains that act as reservoirs and put human populations at risk. This calls for consideration of alternative strategies to decrease the bacterial load. Here, we report isolation, preliminary characterization, and genome analysis of two novel lytic phage species (Escherichia phage SKA49 and Escherichia phage SKA64) against MDR strain of APEC, QZJM25. Both phages were able to keep QZJM25 growth significantly less than the untreated bacterial control for approximately 18 h. The host range was tested against Escherichia coli strains of poultry and human UTI infections. SKA49 had a broader host range in contrast to SKA64. Both phages were stable at 37 °C only. Their genome analysis indicated their safety as no recombination, integration and host virulence genes were identified. Both these phages can be good candidates for control of APEC strains based on their lysis potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Sattar
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan.
| | - Marc Bailie
- AgResearch, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Akasha Yaqoob
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | | | - Kaniz Fatima
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Anees Ur Rehman Bin Altaf
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Ibrar Ahmed
- Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, 45710, Pakistan
| | - Syed Tahir Abbas Shah
- Functional Genomics Lab, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Munawar
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Quaratul Ain Zehra
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sajeela Daud
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Arshad
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Kaleem Imdad
- Microbiology and Immunology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Javed
- Microbiology and Immunology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Amira Tariq
- Microbiology and Immunology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Bostan
- Molecular Virology Labs, Department of Biosciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Eric Altermann
- School of Veterinary Science Massey University Centre for Bioparticle Applications, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4472, New Zealand
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Strobel HM, Stuart EC, Meyer JR. A Trait-Based Approach to Predicting Viral Host-Range Evolvability. Annu Rev Virol 2022; 9:139-156. [PMID: 36173699 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-092003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the evolution of virus host range has proven to be extremely difficult, in part because of the sheer diversity of viruses, each with unique biology and ecological interactions. We have not solved this problem, but to make the problem more tractable, we narrowed our focus to three traits intrinsic to all viruses that may play a role in host-range evolvability: mutation rate, recombination rate, and phenotypic heterogeneity. Although each trait should increase evolvability, they cannot do so unbounded because fitness trade-offs limit the ability of all three traits to maximize evolvability. By examining these constraints, we can begin to identify groups of viruses with suites of traits that make them especially concerning, as well as ecological and environmental conditions that might push evolution toward accelerating host-range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Strobel
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Elizabeth C Stuart
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
| | - Justin R Meyer
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA;
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Kizheva Y, Eftimova M, Rangelov R, Micheva N, Urshev Z, Rasheva I, Hristova P. Broad host range bacteriophages found in rhizosphere soil of a healthy tomato plant in Bulgaria. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07084. [PMID: 34095579 PMCID: PMC8167218 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The urgent need of research of new approaches to control bacterial disease on economical important crops, focuses our attention on bacteriophages as alternative biocontrol agents. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to present the isolation and initial characterization of three bacteriophages (SfXv124t/1, 2 and 3) isolated from rhizosphere soil of a healthy tomato plant in Bulgaria that are capable to lyse three phytopathogenic bacteria. The initial characterization includes determination of: their host range, plaque morphology, optimal storage temperature of pure phage lysates, their sensitivity to UV light, thermal inactivation, optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) and virion morphology. The obtained results showed that one of the phage isolates was capable to lyse wild strains from three phytopathogenic bacterial species: Xanthomonas vesicatoria, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and Xanthomonas gardneri, and the two remaining phages were active against X. vesicatoria and X. euvesicatoria. On X. vesicatoria lawn, the phages produced the same plaque types that differed only in their size. Storage at 4 °C for 26 days did not lead to decrease in phage titer as opposed to storage at 28 °C followed by decrease to varying degree for all three phages. The results obtained after exposure of the phage lysates to sunlight (UVA + B) and UVC light in separate experiments showed that UVC had a potent phagocidal effect as after 50 min of exposure there were no viable phages in the samples. UVA an UVB had lethal effect for two of the phage isolates and absolutely no lethal effect for the third one as after 50 min of exposure to sunlight there was no decrease in the initial phage titer. Phage isolates were tested for their thermal inactivation after incubation of pure phage lysates at three different temperatures: 55 °C, 75 °C and 95 °C for a period of 10 and 30 min. The most lethal temperature turned out to be 95 °C as after 10 min there were no viable phages in the samples. Phage isolate SfXv124t/1 was the most susceptible as its titer decreased by 1 lg after 10 min of incubation at 55 °C and by another 1 lg after 30 min. The most thermally resistant isolate was SfXv124t/3 as its titer remained stable after 30 min of incubation at 55 °C and decreased only by lg after incubation at 75 °C for 10 min. The optimal MOI for SfXv124t/3 was 0,01 (tested range 0,01–100) with maximal phage titer, reported at the 24th hour of incubation. TEM micrographs of the same isolates reveals that it belongs to family Podoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoana Kizheva
- Sofia University St. "Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Melani Eftimova
- Sofia University St. "Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Radoslav Rangelov
- Sofia University St. "Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Neli Micheva
- Sofia University St. "Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Zoltan Urshev
- LB Bulgaricum Plc., R&D Department, 14 Malashevska Str., Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyana Rasheva
- Sofia University St. "Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Petya Hristova
- Sofia University St. "Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology, Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
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Leggett HC, Wild G, West SA, Buckling A. Fast-killing parasites can be favoured in spatially structured populations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2016.0096. [PMID: 28289263 PMCID: PMC5352822 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that the evolution of infectious disease is influenced by host population structure. Theory predicts that parasites should be more ‘prudent’—less transmissible—in spatially structured host populations. However, here we (i) highlight how low transmission, the phenotype being selected for in this in context, may also be achieved by rapacious host exploitation, if fast host exploitation confers a local, within-host competitive advantage and (ii) test this novel concept in a bacteria–virus system. We found that limited host availability and, to a lesser extent, low relatedness favour faster-killing parasites with reduced transmission. By contrast, high host availability and high relatedness favour slower-killing, more transmissible parasites. Our results suggest high, rather than low, virulence may be selected in spatially structured host–parasite communities where local competition and hence selection for a within-host fitness advantage is high. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Opening the black box: re-examining the ecology and evolution of parasite transmission’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Leggett
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK .,Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Geoff Wild
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Stuart A West
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Angus Buckling
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
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Leggett H, Benmayor R, Hodgson D, Buckling A. Experimental Evolution of Adaptive Phenotypic Plasticity in a Parasite. Curr Biol 2013; 23:139-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dennehy JJ. What Can Phages Tell Us about Host-Pathogen Coevolution? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 2012; 2012:396165. [PMID: 23213618 PMCID: PMC3506893 DOI: 10.1155/2012/396165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The outcomes of host-parasite interactions depend on the coevolutionary forces acting upon them, but because every host-parasite relation is enmeshed in a web of biotic and abiotic interactions across a heterogeneous landscape, host-parasite coevolution has proven difficult to study. Simple laboratory phage-bacteria microcosms can ameliorate this difficulty by allowing controlled, well-replicated experiments with a limited number of interactors. Genetic, population, and life history data obtained from these studies permit a closer examination of the fundamental correlates of host-parasite coevolution. In this paper, I describe the results of phage-bacteria coevolutionary studies and their implications for the study of host-parasite coevolution. Recent experimental studies have confirmed phage-host coevolutionary dynamics in the laboratory and have shown that coevolution can increase parasite virulence, specialization, adaptation, and diversity. Genetically, coevolution frequently proceeds in a manner best described by the Gene for Gene model, typified by arms race dynamics, but certain contexts can result in Red Queen dynamics according to the Matching Alleles model. Although some features appear to apply only to phage-bacteria systems, other results are broadly generalizable and apply to all instances of antagonistic coevolution. With laboratory host-parasite coevolutionary studies, we can better understand the perplexing array of interactions that characterize organismal diversity in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Dennehy
- Biology Department, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, NY 11367, USA
- The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Pirnay JP, Verbeken G, Rose T, Jennes S, Zizi M, Huys I, Lavigne R, Merabishvili M, Vaneechoutte M, Buckling A, De Vos D. Introducing yesterday’s phage therapy in today’s medicine. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide emergence of ‘superbugs’ and a dry antibiotic pipeline threaten modern society with a return to the preantibiotic era. Phages – the viruses of bacteria – could help fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Phage therapy was first attempted in 1919 by Felix d’Herelle and was commercially developed in the 1930s before being replaced by antibiotics in most of the western world. The current antibiotic crisis fueled a worldwide renaissance of phage therapy. The inherent potential of phages as natural biological bacterium controllers can only be put to use if the potential of the coevolutionary aspect of the couplet phage–bacterium is fully acknowledged and understood, including potential negative consequences. We must learn from past mistakes and set up credible studies to gather the urgently required data with regard to the efficacy of phage therapy and the evolutionary consequences of its (unlimited) use. Unfortunately, our current pharmaceutical economic model, implying costly and time-consuming medicinal product development and marketing, and requiring strong intellectual property protection, is not compatible with traditional sustainable phage therapy. A specific framework with realistic production and documentation requirements, which allows a timely (rapid) supply of safe, tailor-made, natural bacteriophages to patients, should be developed. Ultimately, economic models should be radically reshaped to cater for more sustainable approaches such as phage therapy. This is one of the biggest challenges faced by modern medicine and society as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular & Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Verbeken
- Laboratory for Molecular & Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Rose
- Laboratory for Molecular & Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Jennes
- Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Zizi
- Well Being Department, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Physiology, Free University Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Huys
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, Centre for Pharmaceutical Care & Pharmacoeconomics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Intellectual Property Rights, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maia Merabishvili
- Laboratory for Molecular & Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Bacteriology Research, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology, & Virology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mario Vaneechoutte
- Laboratory of Bacteriology Research, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Angus Buckling
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Daniel De Vos
- Laboratory for Molecular & Cellular Technology, Burn Wound Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
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