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Zhang J, Yang K, Tang W, Yang Y, Yu X, Lu Y, Yu L. Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of a Gene Encoding 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGR) from Bipolaris eleusines, an Ophiobolin A-Producing Fungus. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:445. [PMID: 39057330 PMCID: PMC11277564 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ophibolin A, a fungal sesterterpene, exerts a pivotal influence in a diverse array of biological processes, encompassing herbicidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, and cytotoxic activities. Sixty genes associated with sesterterpene compound biosynthesis were obtained from Bipolaris eleusines via transcriptome sequencing, and those closely linked to ophiobolin A biosynthesis were subsequently filtered. A gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) that catalyzes the first committed step of ophiobolin biosynthesis in the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway was isolated and characterized using RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) technology from ophiobolin A-producing fungus, B. eleusines. The full-length cDNA of the B. eleusines HMGR gene (BeHMGR) was 3906 bp and contained a 3474 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 1157 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that deduced BeHMGR had high homology to the known HMGRs from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Leptosphaeria maculans. It had a calculated molecular mass of about 124.65 kDa and an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.90. It contained two putative HMG-CoA-binding motifs and two NADP(H)-binding motifs. Induced expression analysis of the BeHMGR gene by methyl jasmonate treatment using quantitative fluorescence PCR showed that it significantly elevated after 3 h of methyl jasmonate treatment, peaked at 6 h, and then gradually decreased. This demonstrates that BeHMGR gene expression is induced by methyl jasmonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yongjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yongliang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Liuqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Nagy G, Farkas A, Csernetics Á, Bencsik O, Szekeres A, Nyilasi I, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T. Transcription of the three HMG-CoA reductase genes of Mucor circinelloides. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:93. [PMID: 24731286 PMCID: PMC4037427 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precursors of sterols, carotenoids, the prenyl groups of several proteins and other terpenoid compounds are synthesised via the acetate-mevalonate pathway. One of the key enzyme of this pathway is the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, which catalyses the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate. HMG-CoA reductase therefore affects many biological processes, such as morphogenesis, synthesis of different metabolites or adaptation to environmental changes. In this study, transcription of the three HMG-CoA reductase genes (designated as hmgR1, hmgR2 and hmgR3) of the β-carotene producing Mucor circinelloides has been analysed under various culturing conditions; effect of the elevation of their copy number on the carotenoid and ergosterol content as well as on the sensitivity to statins has also been examined. RESULTS Transcripts of each gene were detected and their relative levels varied under the tested conditions. Transcripts of hmgR1 were detected only in the mycelium and its relative transcript level seems to be strongly controlled by the temperature and the oxygen level of the environment. Transcripts of hmgR2 and hmgR3 are already present in the germinating spores and the latter is also strongly regulated by oxygen. Overexpression of hmgR2 and hmgR3 by elevating their copy numbers increased the carotenoid content of the fungus and decreased their sensitivity to statins. CONCLUSIONS The three HMG-CoA reductase genes of M. circinelloides displayed different relative transcript levels under the tested conditions suggesting differences in their regulation. They seem to be especially involved in the adaptation to the changing oxygen tension and osmotic conditions of the environment as well as to statin treatment. Overexpression of hmgR2 and hmgR3 may be used to improve the carotenoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tamás Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary.
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Burmester A, Karimi S, Wetzel J, Wöstemeyer J. Complementation of a stable Met2-1 mutant of the zygomycete Absidia glauca by the corresponding wild-type allele of the mycoparasite Parasitella parasitica, transferred during infection. Microbiology (Reading) 2013; 159:1639-1648. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.066910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Burmester
- General Microbiology and Microbe Genetics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sedighe Karimi
- General Microbiology and Microbe Genetics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jana Wetzel
- General Microbiology and Microbe Genetics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Wöstemeyer
- General Microbiology and Microbe Genetics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Sun J, Li H, Sun X, Yuan Q. Trisporic acid stimulates gene transcription of terpenoid biosynthesis in Blakeslea trispora. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wetzel J, Burmester A, Kolbe M, Wöstemeyer J. The mating-related loci sexM and sexP of the zygomycetous fungus Mucor mucedo and their transcriptional regulation by trisporoid pheromones. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2012; 158:1016-1023. [PMID: 22262094 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.054106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The putative mating type locus of mucoralean fungi consists of a single high mobility group (HMG)-domain transcription factor gene, sexM or sexP, flanked by genes for an RNA helicase and a triosephosphate transporter. We used degenerate primers derived from the amino acid sequence of the RNA helicase to sequence a fragment of this gene from Mucor mucedo. This fragment was extended by inverse PCR to obtain the complete sequences of the sex loci from both mating types of M. mucedo. The sex loci in M. mucedo reflect the general picture obtained previously for Phycomyces blakesleeanus, presenting a single HMG-domain transcription factor gene, sexM and sexP in the minus and plus mating types, respectively. These are located next to a gene for RNA helicase. Transcriptional analysis by quantitative real-time PCR showed that only transcription of sexM is considerably stimulated by adding trisporoid pheromones, thus mimicking sexual stimulation, whereas sexP is only slightly affected. These differences in regulation between sexM and sexP are supported by the observation that the promoter sequences controlling these genes show no similarities. The protein structures themselves are considerably different. The SexM, but not the SexP protein harbours a nuclear localization sequence. The SexM protein is indeed transported to nuclei. This was shown by means of a GFP fusion construct that was used to study the localization of SexM in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fusion protein is highly enriched in nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Wetzel
- Institute of General Microbiology and Microbe Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anke Burmester
- Institute of General Microbiology and Microbe Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Melanie Kolbe
- Institute of General Microbiology and Microbe Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes Wöstemeyer
- Institute of General Microbiology and Microbe Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Karimi S, Wetzel J, Wöstemeyer J, Burmester A. Transformation of the fungus Absidia glauca by complementation of a methionine-auxotrophic strain affected in the homoserine-acetyltransferase gene. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:197-201. [PMID: 23650600 PMCID: PMC3642153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation of fungi by complementation of auxotrophs is generally much more reliable than usage of antibiotic resistance markers. In order to establish such a system for the model zygomycete Absidia glauca, a stable methionine auxotrophic mutant was isolated after X-ray mutagenesis of the minus mating type and characterized at the molecular level. The mutant is disrupted in the coding region of the Met2-1 gene, encoding homoserine O-acetyltransferase. The corresponding wild type gene was cloned, sequenced and inserted into appropriate vector plasmids. Transformants are prototrophs and show restored methionine-independent growth, based on complementation by the autonomously replicating plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedighe Karimi
- General Microbiology and Microbe Genetics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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4-dihydrotrisporin-dehydrogenase, an enzyme of the sex hormone pathway of Mucor mucedo: purification, cloning of the corresponding gene, and developmental expression. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2008; 8:88-95. [PMID: 18931040 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00225-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The NADP-dependent 4-dihydrotrisporin-dehydrogenase is a (-) mating-type-specific enzyme in the pathway from beta-carotene to trisporic acid. This substance and its isomers and derivatives represent the general system of sexual communication in zygomycetes. The (-) mating type of Mucor mucedo was stimulated by trisporic acid and the enzyme was purified by ion exchange and affinity chromatography. Several peptides of the 26-kDa protein, digested with trypsin, were sequenced by mass spectrometry. Oligonucleotides based on protein sequence data were used for PCR amplification of genomic DNA. The primary PCR fragment was sequenced and the complete gene, TSP2, was isolated. A labeled TSP2 hybridization probe detects a single-copy gene in the genome of M. mucedo. Northern blot analysis with RNAs from different growth stages reveals that the expression of the gene depends on the developmental stage of the mycelium in both mating types of M. mucedo. At the enzyme level, activity is found exclusively in the (-) mating type. However, renaturation of proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing gels revealed the TSP2 gene product in both mating types. Analyzing the protein sequence places the enzyme in the short chain dehydrogenase superfamily. Thus, it has an evolutionary origin distinct from that of the previously isolated 4-dihydromethyltrisporate dehydrogenase, which belongs to the aldo/keto reductase superfamily. Apart from the TSP2 genes in the three sequenced zygomycetous genomes (Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Rhizopus oryzae, and Mucor circinelloides), the closest relative is the Myxococcus xanthus CsgA gene product, which is also a short chain dehydrogenase, involved in C signaling and fruiting body formation.
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Lukács G, Papp T, Somogyvári F, Csernetics A, Nyilasi I, Vágvölgyi C. Cloning of the Rhizomucor miehei 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase gene and its heterologous expression in Mucor circinelloides. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2008; 95:55-64. [PMID: 18853273 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-008-9287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the gene hmgR encoding the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) was cloned and characterized in the zygomycete fungus Rhizomucor miehei. The hmgR gene comprises a total of 3,585 bp including the coding sequence of a 1,058 amino acids length putative protein and five introns (137, 83, 59, 60 and 69 bp in length) dispersed in the whole coding region. Southern hybridization analysis revealed that the gene is present only in one copy in the R. miehei genome. The isolated Rhizomucor gene was expressed in the related fungus, Mucor circinelloides. Transformants harbouring the Rhizomucor hmgR gene in an autoreplicative plasmid proved to be more tolerant to statins (e.g. lovastatin, simvastatin, and fluvastatin), the competitive inhibitors of the HMG-CoA reductase, than the original M. circinelloides strain. At the same time, heterologous expression of the Rhizomucor hmgR did not affect the carotenoid production of M. circinelloides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyöngyi Lukács
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
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Effects of an ergosterol synthesis inhibitor on gene transcription of terpenoid biosynthesis in Blakeslea trispora. Curr Microbiol 2008; 57:527-31. [PMID: 18769852 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient induction of carotene biosynthesis of Blakeslea trispora by ketoconazole (KCZ), an inhibitor of ergosterol biosynthesis, was found previously. To get some insight into the regulatory mechanisms of KCZ controlling terpenoid (including carotene) biosynthesis, the transcript levels of gene hmgR, encoding HMGR, which initiates the biosynthesis of all terpenoids, and gene carRA, encoding lycopene cyclase and phytoene synthase in the carotene biosynthsis pathway, were investigated in B. trispora cells treated with KCZ. Upon KCZ treatment, up-regulation of hmgR and carRA genes, increased beta-carotene and ubiquinone contents, and decreased ergosterol content were all observed. The results suggest that the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis by KCZ triggered hmgR gene transcription, which might present a positive feedback regulation of gene hmgR in response to a depletion of ergosterol. Furthermore, KCZ could be used as a new agent to improve not only beta-carotene but also ubiquinone production, whose regulatory mechanisms controlling terpenoid biosynthesis differ from the agents reported previously.
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10
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Schultze K, Schimek C, Wöstemeyer J, Burmester A. Sexuality and parasitism share common regulatory pathways in the fungus Parasitella parasitica. Gene 2005; 348:33-44. [PMID: 15777660 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2003] [Revised: 11/27/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parasitella parasitica, a facultative mycoparasite of zygomycetous fungi, forms cytoplasmic fusions with its hosts during infection. Thus, the organism is an efficient donor of genetic material in parasexual host-parasite interactions. Recognition between parasite and host is mediated by trisporoids, which are also responsible for sexual communication. The TDH gene for one of the key enzymes of trisporic acid biosynthesis, 4-dihydromethyl-trisporate dehydrogenase, was cloned and its transcription analysed. TDH was cloned on a 6175-bp insert and was found to map in a complex cluster of genes that suggest post-transcriptional antisense regulation. Histochemical TDH analysis in developing parasitic or sexual structures shows high enzymatic activity in Parasitella. TDH is linked to a gene for a putative acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACT). Two ORFs were identified in the 5'-region of the TDH gene, a third one, coding for 176 amino acids overlaps the ACT gene in antisense direction completely. Expression levels of ACT and ORF1 depend on parasitic and sexual interactions.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/biosynthesis
- Fungal Proteins/genetics
- Fungal Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
- Genes, Fungal/genetics
- Genetic Linkage
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mucorales/genetics
- Mucorales/growth & development
- Mucorales/metabolism
- Open Reading Frames/genetics
- Oxidoreductases/genetics
- Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Palmitoyl-CoA Hydrolase/genetics
- Poly A/genetics
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Fungal/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Schultze
- Institute for Microbiology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Chair of General Microbiology and Microbe Genetics, Neugasse 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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Wöstemeyer J, Grünler A, Schimek C, Voigt K. Genetic Regulation of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Fungi. GENES AND GENOMICS 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5334(05)80013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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12
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Bartsch S, Schimek C, Wöstemeyer J. Microprojectile bombardment as a reliable method for transformation of the mucoralean fungus Absidia glauca. MYCOSCIENCE 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s102670200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Voigt K, Wöstemeyer J. Phylogeny and origin of 82 zygomycetes from all 54 genera of the Mucorales and Mortierellales based on combined analysis of actin and translation elongation factor EF-1alpha genes. Gene 2001; 270:113-20. [PMID: 11404008 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
True fungi (Eumycota) are heterotrophic eukaryotic microorganisms encompassing ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, chytridiomycetes and zygomycetes. The natural systematics of the latter group, Zygomycota, are very poorly understood due to the lack of distinguishing morphological characters. We have determined sequences for the nuclear-encoded genes actin (act) from 82 zygomycetes representing all 54 currently recognized genera from the two zygomycetous orders Mucorales and Mortierellales. We also determined sequences for translation elongation factor EF-1alpha (tef) from 16 zygomycetes (total of 96,837 bp). Phylogenetic analysis in the context of available sequence data (total 2,062 nucleotide positions per species) revealed that current classification schemes for the mucoralean fungi are highly unnatural at the family and, to a large extent, at the genus level. The data clearly indicate a deep, ancient and distinct dichotomy of the orders Mucorales and Mortierellales, which are recognized only in some zygomycete systems. Yet at the same time the data show that two genera - Umbelopsis and Micromucor - previously placed within the Mortierellales on the basis of their weakly developed columella (a morphological structure of the sporangiophore well-developed within all Mucorales) are in fact members of the Mucorales. Phylogenetic analyses of the encoded amino acid sequences in the context of homologues from eukaryotes and archaebacterial outgroups indicate that the Eumycota studied here are a natural group but provide little or no support for the monophyly of either zygomycetes, ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. The data clearly indicate that a complete revision of zygomycete natural systematics is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Voigt
- Fungal Reference Centre, and Department of General Microbiology and Microbial Genetics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Microbiology, Neugasse 24, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Engfelt WH, Shackelford JE, Aboushadi N, Jessani N, Masuda K, Paton VG, Keller GA, Krisans SK. Characterization of UT2 cells. The induction of peroxisomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:24579-87. [PMID: 9305924 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.39.24579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is present not only in the endoplasmic reticulum but also in the peroxisomes. However, to date no information is available regarding the function of the peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase in cholesterol/isoprenoid metabolism, and the structure of the peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase has yet to be determined. We have identified a mammalian cell line that expresses only one HMG-CoA reductase protein and that is localized exclusively to peroxisomes. This cell line was obtained by growing UT2 cells (which lack the endoplasmic reticulum HMG-CoA reductase) in the absence of mevalonate. The cells exhibited a marked increase in a 90-kDa HMG-CoA reductase that was localized exclusively to peroxisomes. The wild type Chinese hamster ovary cells contain two HMG-CoA reductase proteins, the well characterized 97-kDa protein, localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, and a 90-kDa protein localized in peroxisomes. The UT2 cells grown in the absence of mevalonate containing the up-regulated peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase are designated UT2*. A detailed characterization and analysis of this cell line is presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Engfelt
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Dewick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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Burmester A. Analysis of the gene for the elongation factor 1 alpha from the zygomycete Absidia glauca. Use of the promoter region for constructions of transformation vectors. Microbiol Res 1995; 150:63-70. [PMID: 7735720 DOI: 10.1016/s0944-5013(11)80035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The complete genomic DNA sequence was determined for one of the gene for the elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF), isolated from the zygomycete Absidia glauca. Sequence comparison with TEF genes from other fungi show the highest similarity to TEF-genes of the closely related zygomycete Mucor racemosus (Sundstrom et al. 1987). Southern-blot analysis of genomic DNA from A. glauca with the TEF gene reveals six chromosomal copies in the genome. In transformation experiments of A. glauca, vector constructions were used which allow targeting of one of the TEF loci. Several transformants of A. glauca were analyzed at the DNA level. In most cases, rearranged forms of autonomously replicated plasmids could be found in these isolates. However, some transformants show a different restriction pattern of the TEF loci if compared with the parental strains. From Southern-blot data it could be concluded that in one case the rearrangement lies downstream of one TEF locus. In a second case genetic parts following the 3'-end of the TEF gene are moved towards the 5'-end of the gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Burmester
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
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Burmester A, Wöstemeyer J. Variability in genome organization of the zygomycete Parasitella parasitica. Curr Genet 1994; 26:456-60. [PMID: 7874739 DOI: 10.1007/bf00309934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In addition to conventional methods for the identification of fungi, molecular techniques at the DNA level are increasingly being employed. In order to check the validity of such experimental approaches, we have analyzed the well-defined species Parasitella parasitica, which belongs to the family Mucoraceae (Mucorales, Zygometes). The seven strains of this species, which are available from international strain collections, were analyzed by several molecular methods: restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP), the random primer-dependent polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), and electrophoretic karyotyping. Unexpectedly, these strains are highly diverse at the molecular level. By these techniques they can be divided consistently into two different groups. Nevertheless, all seven strains belong to a single species. They show no morphological differences and sexual spores (zygospores) were found in all possible combinations either within or between the two groups. Southern-blot analysis of genomic DNA of all P. parasitica strains with RAPD-PCR-derived labelled probes shows the existence of repetitive elements characteristic for only one group of P. parasitica. In addition, chromosome sizes, which were separated by rotating-field electrophoresis, were highly divergent, and ranged from 3 to 6.5 Mb in one group and between 2 and 4.5 Mb in the other. The RAPD-PCR patterns also discriminate both groups of P. parasitica. However, they are very similar if strains of a single group are compared. Therefore, we propose that the determination of fungal species by molecular techniques should be vetted at least by morphological and physiological parameters and, whenever possible, by mating experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Burmester
- Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie und Mikrobengenetik, Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Jena, Germany
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