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Wang A, Bose AK, Lehmann MM, Rigling A, Gessler A, Yu L, Li M. Water status and macronutrient concentrations, but not carbon status, of Viscum album ssp. album are determined by its hosts: a study across nine mistletoe-host pairs in central Switzerland. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1142760. [PMID: 37223783 PMCID: PMC10200922 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction European mistletoe, Viscum album L., is a hemiparasite that can infect various tree species, yet our understanding of its physiological interactions with host species is limited. Methods Nine mistletoe-host pairs (i.e. V. album ssp. album growing on nine different broadleaf tree species) under different growth conditions in central Switzerland were selected to examine the carbon, water and nutrient relationships between mistletoe and its hosts. We measured leaf morphological traits, isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ15N), concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and specific compounds (i.e. mobile sugars and starch), and macronutrients (i.e. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) in leaf and xylem tissues of both mistletoe and its hosts. Results and Discussion There were only non-significant relationships between NSC concentrations in mistletoe and in its host species across the nine mistletoe-host pairs, suggesting the carbon condition of V. album ssp. album is determined by both the heterotrophic carbon transfer and self-photosynthetic capacity among different mistletoe-host pairs. However, mistletoe leaf morphological traits (single leaf area and mass, and leaf mass per unit leaf area) did not change across the nine mistletoe-host pairs, and mistletoe leaf δ13C, water content and macronutrient concentrations were linearly correlated with those in the host leaves. Macronutrients showed accumulations in mistletoe across the nine pairs. Further, tissue N concentrations were significantly higher in mistletoe grown on N-fixing hosts than on non-N-fixing hosts. Finally, leaf N:P in mistletoe was significantly correlated with the ratio in the host across the nine mistletoe-host pairs. Overall, our results indicate strong relationships between mistletoe and its hosts for water- and nutrient-related traits, but not for carbon-related traits, which demonstrates that V. album ssp. album can adjust its physiology to survive on different deciduous tree species hosts and under different site conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, Swiss Federal Istitute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arun K. Bose
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Marco M. Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, Swiss Federal Istitute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ITES, Swiss Federal Istitute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Longfei Yu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Maihe Li
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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Zhang YB, Corrêa Scalon M, Liu JX, Song XY, Yang D, Zhang YJ, Ellsworth DS, Zhang JL. You are what you eat: nutrient and water relations between mistletoes and hosts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:567-583. [PMID: 36651017 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mistletoes play important roles in biogeochemical cycles. Although many studies have compared nutrient concentrations between mistletoes and their hosts, no general patterns have been found and the nutrient uptake mechanisms in mistletoes have not been fully resolved. To address the water and nutrient relations in mistletoes compared with their hosts, we measured 11 nutrient elements, two isotope ratios and two leaf morphological traits for 11 mistletoe and 104 host species from four sites across a large environmental gradient in southwest China. Mistletoes had significantly higher phosphorus, potassium, and boron concentrations, nitrogen isotope ratio, and lower carbon isotope ratio (δ13 C) indicative of lower water-use efficiency than hosts, but other elements were similar to those in hosts. Sites explained most of the variation in the multidimensional trait space. With increasing host nitrogen concentration, both mistletoe δ13 C and the difference between mistletoe and host δ13 C increased, providing evidence to support the 'nitrogen parasitism hypothesis'. Host nutrient concentrations were the best predictors for that of the mistletoe nutrient elements in most cases. Our results highlight the important roles of environmental conditions and host nutrient status in determining mistletoe nutrient pools, which together explain their trophic interactions with hosts in subtropical and tropical ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Marina Corrêa Scalon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Jing-Xin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Da Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Zhang
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- Yuanjiang Savanna Ecosystem Research Station, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuanjiang, Yunnan, 653300, China
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Wang A, Lehmann MM, Rigling A, Gessler A, Saurer M, Du Z, Li MH. There Is No Carbon Transfer Between Scots Pine and Pine Mistletoe but the Assimilation Capacity of the Hemiparasite Is Constrained by Host Water Use Under Dry Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:902705. [PMID: 35720606 PMCID: PMC9201984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.902705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pine mistletoe is a hemiparasitic shrub that can produce its own photosynthates. There is a lack of knowledge about the interaction of mistletoe and host under varying environmental condition that might influence carbon gain and allocation. In a 13C-pulse labeling experiment with mature Pinus sylvestris (pine) infected by mistletoes grown in naturally dry or irrigated conditions, (1) mistletoe clusters were shielded from 13CO2 added, and (2) mistletoes or host needles were removed to manipulate the local assimilate and water availability. No 13C signal was found in shielded mistletoes, indicating no carbon transfer from the host to the mistletoe. When the pine needles were removed from girdled branches, no 13C signal was found in the host tissues, implying no carbon transfer from mistletoe to the host. However, mistletoes on needle-removed pine trees accumulated more labeled assimilates and had higher non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations only under naturally dry conditions but not in irrigated plots. Our results suggest that mistletoes show full carbon autonomy, as they neither receive carbon from nor provide carbon resource to the host trees. Moreover, the high assimilation capacity of mistletoes seems to be constrained by the host water use under dry conditions, suggesting that drought stress is not only negatively impacting trees but also mistletoes. Therefore, we conclude that the hemiparasites live on their own in terms of carbon gain which, however, depends on the water provided by the host tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Wang
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Zhong Du
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- School of Geographical Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Mai-He Li
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Guimaraes HIP, Santana RH, Silveira R, Pinto OHB, Quirino BF, Barreto CC, Bustamante MMDC, Krüger RH. Seasonal Variations in Soil Microbiota Profile of Termite ( Syntermes wheeleri) Mounds in the Brazilian Tropical Savanna. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1482. [PMID: 32992494 PMCID: PMC7600031 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eusocial animals, such as the termites, often build a nest-like structure called a mound that provides shelter with stable internal conditions and protection against predators. Termites are important components of the Brazilian Cerrado biota. This study aimed to investigate the bacterial community composition and diversity of the Syntermes wheeleri termite-mound soil using culture-independent approaches. We considered the vertical profile by comparing two different mound depths (mound surface and 60 cm) and seasonality with samplings during the rainy and dry seasons. We compared the mound soil microbiota to the adjacent soil without the influence of the mound to test the hypothesis that the Cerrado soil bacterial community was more diverse and more susceptible to seasonality than the mound soil microbiota. The results support the hypothesis that the Cerrado soil bacterial community is more diverse than the mound soil and also has a higher variability among seasons. The number of observed OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) was used to express bacterial richness, and it indicates that soil moisture has an effect on the community distribution and richness of the Cerrado samples in comparison to mound samples, which remain stable across seasons. This could be a consequence of the protective role of the mound for the termite colony. The overall community taxonomic profile was similar between soil samples, especially when compared to the taxonomic composition of the Syntermes wheeleri termite's gut, which might be explained by the different characteristics and functionality between the soil and the gut microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Ipe Pinheiro Guimaraes
- Cellular Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília D.F. 70910-900, Brazil; (H.I.P.G.); (O.H.B.P.)
| | | | - Rafaella Silveira
- Embrapa-Agroenergy, Parque Estação Biológica (PqEB), Genetics and Biotechnoloy Laboratory, PqEB s/nº, Brasília D.F. 70770-901, Brazil; (R.S.); (B.F.Q.)
| | - Otavio Henrique Bezerra Pinto
- Cellular Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília D.F. 70910-900, Brazil; (H.I.P.G.); (O.H.B.P.)
| | - Betania Ferraz Quirino
- Embrapa-Agroenergy, Parque Estação Biológica (PqEB), Genetics and Biotechnoloy Laboratory, PqEB s/nº, Brasília D.F. 70770-901, Brazil; (R.S.); (B.F.Q.)
| | - Cristine Chaves Barreto
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasilia D.F. 70790-160, Brazil;
| | | | - Ricardo Henrique Krüger
- Cellular Biology Department, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília D.F. 70910-900, Brazil; (H.I.P.G.); (O.H.B.P.)
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Cocoletzi E, Angeles G, Briones O, Ceccantini G, Ornelas JF. The ecophysiology of a neotropical mistletoe depends on the leaf phenology of its tree hosts. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:1225-1237. [PMID: 32882058 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Mistletoes parasitize many hardwood and softwood tree species; however, they play key roles in forest ecosystems. Adult individuals of Psittacanthus schiedeanus take up water and xylem nutrients from both deciduous and evergreen host trees, suggesting the ability to modify its physiology according to the availability of host resources. Yet, there is little information regarding the effects of mistletoes on their host trees from the eophyll stage to reproductive phases of the parasite. METHODS Taking advantage of the fact that P. schiedeanus can reach sexual maturity in 1 year, we investigated its physiological performance during development on deciduous (Liquidambar styraciflua) and evergreen (Quercus germana) host trees in a cloud forest in eastern Mexico. Variables related to chlorophyll fluorescence, carbon assimilation, photosynthetic pigments, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon contents of the parasite and non-infected and infected hosts were analyzed in a nursery experiment. RESULTS Mistletoe had lower water-use efficiency and higher transpiration rates than the host species did. Despite the fact that P. schiedeanus obtained resources from species with differing phenology and resource availability, the parasite steadily improved its CO2 assimilation, electron transport rate, and nutrient content from seedling establishment to adult life stages. Mistletoe decreased the photosynthetic reactions of carbon metabolism in the deciduous host, photosynthetic light reactions in the evergreen host, and nutritional status of both host species, mostly in the evergreen host. CONCLUSIONS The hypothesis that mistletoes adjust their physiology according to the availability of host resources could extend to the early growth of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oscar Briones
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, Mexico
| | - Gregório Ceccantini
- Dp. of Botany, Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
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de Souza MC, Scalon MC, Poschenrieder C, Tolrà R, Venâncio T, Teixeira SP, Da Costa FB. Aluminium detoxification in facultative (Passovia ovata (Pohl ex DC.) Kuijt and Struthanthus polyanthus Mart. - Loranthaceae) and dependent (Psittacanthus robustus (Mart.) Marloth - Loranthaceae) Al-accumulating mistletoe species from the Brazilian savanna. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 153:58-63. [PMID: 29879589 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms to detoxify aluminium (Al) is a hot topic for cultivated plants. However, little information is known about the mechanisms used by native plants to deal with Al-toxicity. In Cerrado, some generalist mistletoe species, such as Passovia ovata (Pohl ex DC.) Kuijt and Struthanthus polyanthus Mart. can parasitize Al-accumulating and Al-excluding plant species without any clear symptoms of toxicity and mineral deficiency, while Psittacanthus robustus (Mart.) Marloth, a more specialist mistletoe, seems to be an Al-dependent species, parasitizing only Al-accumulating hosts. Here we (i) characterized the forms and compartmentalization of Al in leaves of P. robustus; (ii) compared Ca and Al leaf concentration, and leaf concentration of organic acids and polyphenols between facultative Al-accumulating (P. ovata and S. polyanthus) and Al-dependent (P. robustus) mistletoe species infecting Miconia albicans (Sw.) Steud. (Al-accumulating species). P. robustus chelated Al3+ with oxalate and stored it in the phloematic and epidermic leaf tissues. Leaf Ca and Al concentration did not differ among species. Leaf oxalate concentration was higher in the Al-dependent species. Concentrations of citrate and phenolic compounds were higher in the leaves of the facultative Al-accumulating species. These results show that facultative Al-accumulating and Al-dependent species use different mechanisms to detoxify Al. Moreover, this is the first report on a mistletoes species (P. robustus) with a potential calcifuge behaviour in Cerrado.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Claro de Souza
- AsterBioChem Research Team, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Roser Tolrà
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Simone Pádua Teixeira
- AsterBioChem Research Team, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Batista Da Costa
- AsterBioChem Research Team, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Scalon MC, Wright IJ, Franco AC. To recycle or steal? Nutrient resorption in Australian and Brazilian mistletoes from three low-phosphorus sites. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina C. Scalon
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW, 2109 Australia
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Vegetal, Depto de Botânica, Inst. de Ciências Biológicas; Univ. de Brasília; Brasília - DF Brazil
| | - Ian J. Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; Sydney NSW, 2109 Australia
| | - Augusto C. Franco
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Vegetal, Depto de Botânica, Inst. de Ciências Biológicas; Univ. de Brasília; Brasília - DF Brazil
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Scalon MC, Rossatto DR, Domingos FMCB, Franco AC. Leaf morphophysiology of a Neotropical mistletoe is shaped by seasonal patterns of host leaf phenology. Oecologia 2015; 180:1103-12. [PMID: 26686200 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several mistletoe species are able to grow and reproduce on both deciduous and evergreen hosts, suggesting a degree of plasticity in their ability to cope with differences in intrinsic host functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of host phenology on mistletoe water relations and leaf gas exchange. Mistletoe Passovia ovata parasitizing evergreen (Miconia albicans) hosts and P. ovata parasitizing deciduous (Byrsonima verbascifolia) hosts were sampled in a Neotropical savanna. Photosynthetic parameters, diurnal cycles of stomatal conductance, pre-dawn and midday leaf water potential, and stomatal anatomical traits were measured during the peak of the dry and wet seasons, respectively. P. ovata showed distinct water-use strategies that were dependent on host phenology. For P. ovata parasitizing the deciduous host, water use efficiency (WUE; ratio of photosynthetic rate to transpirational water loss) was 2-fold lower in the dry season than in the wet season; in contrast, WUE was maintained at the same level during the wet and dry seasons in P. ovata parasitizing the evergreen host. Generally, mistletoe and host diurnal cycles of stomatal conductance were linked, although there were clear differences in leaf water potential, with mistletoe showing anisohydric behaviour and the host showing isohydric behaviour. Compared to mistletoes attached to evergreen hosts, those parasitizing deciduous hosts had a 1.4-fold lower stomatal density and 1.2-fold wider stomata on both leaf surfaces, suggesting that the latter suffered less intense drought stress. This is the first study to show morphophysiological differences in the same mistletoe species parasitizing hosts of different phenological groups. Our results provide evidence that phenotypical plasticity (anatomical and physiological) might be essential to favour the use of a greater range of hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Corrêa Scalon
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Caixa Postal 04457, Brasília, DF, 70904-970, Brazil.
| | - Davi Rodrigo Rossatto
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal, Departamento de Biologia (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), UNESP Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-000, Brazil
| | | | - Augusto Cesar Franco
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Caixa Postal 04457, Brasília, DF, 70904-970, Brazil
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