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Feng Y, Yang T, Xu Q, Sun E, Li J, Lv S, Wang H, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wu D. Detection, discrimination and quantitation of 22 bluetongue virus serotypes using real-time RT-PCR with TaqMan MGB probes. Arch Virol 2015; 160:2249-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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2
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Lorusso A, Sghaier S, Carvelli A, Di Gennaro A, Leone A, Marini V, Pelini S, Marcacci M, Rocchigiani AM, Puggioni G, Savini G. Bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 4 in Sardinia during autumn 2012: New incursions or re-infection with old strains? INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 19:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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3
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Gollapalli SRK, Mallavarapu S, Uma M, Rao PP, Susmitha B, Prasad PUVS, Chaitanya P, Prasad G, Hegde NR, Reddy YN. Sequences of Genes Encoding Type-Specific and Group-Specific Antigens of an Indian Isolate of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 10 (BTV-10) and Implications for their Origin. Transbound Emerg Dis 2011; 59:165-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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5
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Desai GS, Hosamane M, Kataria RS, Patil SS, Prabhudas K, Singh RK, Bhanuprakash V, Mondal B. Sequence analysis of the S10 gene of six Bluetongue Virus isolates from India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2009; 56:329-36. [PMID: 19744235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2009.01089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue Virus (BTV) genome segment 10 (S10)-based phylogenetic studies are important in understanding the BTV evolution. S10 gene-based phylogenetic analysis grouped six different BTV isolates (BTV serotype 1, 18 and 23) from India in subclade A1 and showed closer relationship with BT viruses from Mediterranean Basin. Indian BTV serotypes 18 and 23 formed a single cluster distinct from BTV serotype 1 isolates and were evolved from BTV from China, Indonesia and Australia. The overall S10 sequences of BTV isolates from India were largely conserved (>95.7% homology) and were distinct from other BT viruses of the world.
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Nomikou K, Dovas CΙ, Maan S, Anthony SJ, Samuel AR, Papanastassopoulou M, Maan NS, Mangana O, Mertens PPC. Evolution and phylogenetic analysis of full-length VP3 genes of Eastern Mediterranean bluetongue virus isolates. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6437. [PMID: 19649272 PMCID: PMC2713410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the ‘type’ species of the genus Orbivirus within the family Reoviridae. The BTV genome is composed of ten linear segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), each of which codes for one of ten distinct viral proteins. Previous phylogenetic comparisons have evaluated variations in genome segment 3 (Seg-3) nucleotide sequence as way to identify the geographical origin (different topotypes) of BTV isolates. The full-length nucleotide sequence of genome Seg-3 was determined for thirty BTV isolates recovered in the eastern Mediterranean region, the Balkans and other geographic areas (Spain, India, Malaysia and Africa). These data were compared, based on molecular variability, positive-selection-analysis and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic reconstructions (using appropriate substitution models) to 24 previously published sequences, revealing their evolutionary relationships. These analyses indicate that negative selection is a major force in the evolution of BTV, restricting nucleotide variability, reducing the evolutionary rate of Seg-3 and potentially of other regions of the BTV genome. Phylogenetic analysis of the BTV-4 strains isolated over a relatively long time interval (1979–2000), in a single geographic area (Greece), showed a low level of nucleotide diversity, indicating that the virus can circulate almost unchanged for many years. These analyses also show that the recent incursions into south-eastern Europe were caused by BTV strains belonging to two different major-lineages: representing an ‘eastern’ (BTV-9, -16 and -1) and a ‘western’ (BTV-4) group/topotype. Epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses indicate that these viruses originated from a geographic area to the east and southeast of Greece (including Cyprus and the Middle East), which appears to represent an important ecological niche for the virus that is likely to represent a continuing source of future BTV incursions into Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Nomikou
- Arbovirus Molecular Research Group, Department of vector borne diseases, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Virus Laboratory, Institute of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysostomos Ι. Dovas
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sushila Maan
- Arbovirus Molecular Research Group, Department of vector borne diseases, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Anthony
- Wildlife Disease Laboratory, San Diego Zoo Conservation Research, Escondido, California, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Samuel
- Arbovirus Molecular Research Group, Department of vector borne diseases, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Papanastassopoulou
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Narender S. Maan
- Arbovirus Molecular Research Group, Department of vector borne diseases, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Mangana
- Virus Laboratory, Institute of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Ministry of Rural Development and Food, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter P. C. Mertens
- Arbovirus Molecular Research Group, Department of vector borne diseases, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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7
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Anthony SJ, Maan N, Maan S, Sutton G, Attoui H, Mertens PPC. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the core proteins VP1, VP3, VP4, VP6 and VP7 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). Virus Res 2009; 145:187-99. [PMID: 19632280 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The core proteins of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) have important roles to perform in maintaining the structure and function of the virus. A complete genetic and phylogenetic analysis was therefore performed on these proteins (and the genes that code for them) to allow comparison of the selective pressures acting on each. Accession numbers, gene and protein sizes, ORF positions, G+C contents, terminal hexanucleotides, start and stop codons and phylogenetic relationships are all presented. The inner core proteins (VP1, VP3, VP4 and VP6) were characterised by high levels of sequence conservation, and the ability to topotype isolates very strongly into eastern or western groups. This is particularly evident in genome segment 9 (VP6) which exists as two different sized homologues. VP7 did not topotype, but rather exhibited a more random, radial phylogeny suggestive of genetic drift. With the exception of VP6, all of the core proteins also showed high numbers of synonymous mutations in the third base position, suggesting they have been evolving for a long period of time. Interestingly, VP6 did not show this, and possible reasons for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Anthony
- Vector-borne Diseases Program, Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom.
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8
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Dal Pozzo F, Saegerman C, Thiry E. Bovine infection with bluetongue virus with special emphasis on European serotype 8. Vet J 2009; 182:142-51. [PMID: 19477665 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne virus infecting domestic and wild ruminants. Infection in cattle is commonly asymptomatic and characterised by a long viraemia. Associated with the emergence and the recrudescence of BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) in Northern and Central Europe, remarkable differences have been noticed in the transmission and in the clinical expression of the disease, with cattle showing clinical illness and reproductive disorders such as abortion, stillbirth and fetal abnormalities. Several investigations have already indicated the putative ability of the European BTV-8 strain to cross the bovine placenta and to cause congenital infections. The current epidemiological and pathological findings present an unusual picture of the disease in affected bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Dal Pozzo
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology and Viral Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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Franchi P, Mercante M, Ronchi G, Armillotta G, Ulisse S, Molini U, Di Ventura M, Lelli R, Savini G, Pini A. Laboratory tests for evaluating the level of attenuation of bluetongue virus. J Virol Methods 2008; 153:263-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Maan S, Maan NS, Ross-smith N, Batten CA, Shaw AE, Anthony SJ, Samuel AR, Darpel KE, Veronesi E, Oura CA, Singh KP, Nomikou K, Potgieter AC, Attoui H, van Rooij E, van Rijn P, De Clercq K, Vandenbussche F, Zientara S, Bréard E, Sailleau C, Beer M, Hoffman B, Mellor PS, Mertens PP. Sequence analysis of bluetongue virus serotype 8 from the Netherlands 2006 and comparison to other European strains. Virology 2008; 377:308-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Rodrguez-Snchez B, Iglesias-Martn I, Martnez-Avils M, Snchez-Vizcano JM. Orbiviruses in the Mediterranean Basin: Updated Epidemiological Situation of Bluetongue and New Methods for the Detection of BTV Serotype 4. Transbound Emerg Dis 2008; 55:205-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2008.01029.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Balasuriya UBR, Nadler SA, Wilson WC, Pritchard LI, Smythe AB, Savini G, Monaco F, De Santis P, Zhang N, Tabachnick WJ, Maclachlan NJ. The NS3 proteins of global strains of bluetongue virus evolve into regional topotypes through negative (purifying) selection. Vet Microbiol 2008; 126:91-100. [PMID: 17706379 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the genes (S10) encoding the NS3 protein of 137 strains of bluetongue virus (BTV) from Africa, the Americas, Asia, Australia and the Mediterranean Basin showed limited variation. Common to all NS3 sequences were potential glycosylation sites at amino acid residues 63 and 150 and a cysteine at residue 137, whereas a cysteine at residue 181 was not conserved. The PPXY and PS/TAP late-domain motifs were conserved in all but three of the viruses. Phylogenetic analyses of these same sequences yielded two principal clades that grouped the viruses irrespective of their serotype or year of isolation (1900-2003). All viruses from Asia and Australia were grouped in one clade, whereas those from the other regions were present in both clades. Each clade segregated into distinct subclades that included viruses from single or multiple regions, and the S10 genes of some field viruses were identical to those of live-attenuated BTV vaccines. There was no evidence of positive selection on the S10 gene as assessed by reconstruction of ancestral codon states on the phylogeny, rather the functional constraints of the NS3 protein are expressed through substantial negative (purifying) selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- U B R Balasuriya
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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13
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Mertens PPC, Maan NS, Prasad G, Samuel AR, Shaw AE, Potgieter AC, Anthony SJ, Maan S. Design of primers and use of RT-PCR assays for typing European bluetongue virus isolates: differentiation of field and vaccine strains. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:2811-2823. [PMID: 17872535 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the causative agent of bluetongue, a disease of ruminant livestock that occurs almost worldwide between latitudes 3 degrees S and 5 degrees N. There are 24 serotypes of BTV (currently identified by serum neutralization assays). Since 1998, eight strains of six BTV serotypes (1, 2, 4, 8, 9 and 16) have invaded Europe. The most variable BTV protein is major outer-capsid component VP2, encoded by segment 2 (Seg-2) of the double-stranded RNA virus genome. VP2 represents the major target for neutralizing (and protective) antibodies that are generated in response to BTV infection, and is therefore the primary determinant of virus serotype. RT-PCR primers and assays targeting Seg-2 have been developed for rapid identification (within 24 h) of the six European BTV types. These assays are sensitive, specific and show perfect agreement with the results of conventional virus-neutralization methods. Previous studies have identified sequence variations in individual BTV genome segments that allow different isolates to be grouped on the basis of their geographical origins (topotypes). The assays described in this paper can detect any of the BTV isolates of the homologous serotype that were tested from different geographical origins (different Seg-2 topotypes). Primers were also identified that could be used to distinguish members of these different Seg-2 topotypes, as well as field and vaccine strains of most of the European BTV serotypes. The serotype-specific assays (and primers) showed no cross-amplification when they were evaluated with multiple isolates of the most closely related BTV types or with reference strains of the remaining 24 serotypes. Primers developed in this study will be updated periodically to maintain their relevance to current BTV distribution and epidemiology (http://www.iah.bbsrc.ac.uk/dsRNA_virus_proteins/ReoID/rt-pcr-primers.htm).
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Affiliation(s)
- P P C Mertens
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Animal Health (IAH), Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - N S Maan
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Animal Health (IAH), Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - G Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India
| | - A R Samuel
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Animal Health (IAH), Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - A E Shaw
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Animal Health (IAH), Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - A C Potgieter
- Virology Division, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, 0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - S J Anthony
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Animal Health (IAH), Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - S Maan
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Animal Health (IAH), Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
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Barros SC, Ramos F, Luís TM, Vaz A, Duarte M, Henriques M, Cruz B, Fevereiro M. Molecular epidemiology of bluetongue virus in Portugal during 2004-2006 outbreak. Vet Microbiol 2007; 124:25-34. [PMID: 17521832 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
After 44 years of epidemiological silence, bluetongue virus (BTV) was reintroduced in Portugal in the autumn of 2004. The first clinical cases of bluetongue disease (BT) were notified in sheep farms located in the South of Portugal, close to the Spanish border. A total of six BTV, five of serotype 4 and one of serotype 2 were isolated from sheep and cattle during the 2004-2006 epizootics. The nucleotide sequence of gene segments L2, S7 and S10 of BTV-4 prototype strain (BTV4/22045/PT04) obtained from the initial outbreak and of BTV-2 (BTV2/26629/PT05) was fully determined and compared with those from other parts of the world. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that BTV4/22045/PT04 is related to other BTV-4 strains that circulate in the Mediterranean basin since 1998, showing the highest identity (99%) with BTV-4 isolates of 2003 from Sardinia and Corsica, whereas BTV2/26629/PT05 is almost indistinguishable from the Onderstepoort BTV-2 live-attenuated vaccine strain and its related field strain isolated in Italy. Since live-attenuated BTV-2 vaccine was never used in Portugal, the isolation of this strain may represent a natural circulation of the vaccine virus used in other countries in Mediterranean Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia C Barros
- Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária, Estrada de Benfica 701, 1549-011 Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Breard E, Sailleau C, Nomikou K, Hamblin C, Mertens PPC, Mellor PS, El Harrak M, Zientara S. Molecular epidemiology of bluetongue virus serotype 4 isolated in the Mediterranean Basin between 1979 and 2004. Virus Res 2007; 125:191-7. [PMID: 17280733 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 01/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of genome segments 2, 7, 8, 9 and 10, coding for viral proteins (VP) and non-structural proteins (NS)--VP2, VP7, NS2, VP6 and NS3/NS3A, respectively, were determined and compared for 10 strains of bluetongue virus (BTV) serotype 4 isolated in the Mediterranean Basin between 1979 and 2004, and the South African attenuated BTV 4 vaccine strain. The sequence data generated for the BTV 4 strains isolated in Greece in 1979, 1999 and 2000 showed that they had a common origin but were distinct from the lineage of the BTV 4 strains isolated from 2003 onward in the western Mediterranean Basin (Italy, Morocco, Spain and Corsica). The nucleotide and deduced amino acid (aa) sequences of the BTV 4 strains within each lineage were identical to each other, irrespective of the year of isolation or the geographical location. Although the sequence of VP2 from the Turkish and Greek strains were highly similar, there were sufficient differences in the VP6, VP7 and NS2 proteins to suggest that the Turkish BTV 4 belongs to a third lineage. Alignment of the NS3 sequences from the attenuated BTV 4 vaccine strain and the field strains showed 13 aa substitutions, which may, either singularly or together, be responsible for attenuation and hence determining the virulence of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Breard
- UMR 1161 AFSSA-ENVA-INRA, 7 Av. Général De Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
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16
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Maan S, Maan NS, Samuel AR, Rao S, Attoui H, Mertens PPC. Analysis and phylogenetic comparisons of full-length VP2 genes of the 24 bluetongue virus serotypes. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:621-630. [PMID: 17251581 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The outer capsid protein VP2 of Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a target for the protective immune response generated by the mammalian host. VP2 contains the majority of epitopes that are recognized by neutralizing antibodies and is therefore also the primary determinant of BTV serotype. Full-length cDNA copies of genome segment 2 (Seg-2, which encodes VP2) from the reference strains of each of the 24 BTV serotypes were synthesized, cloned and sequenced. This represents the first complete set of full-length BTV VP2 genes (from the 24 serotypes) that has been analysed. Each Seg-2 has a single open reading frame, with short inverted repeats adjacent to conserved terminal hexanucleotide sequences. These data demonstrated overall inter-serotype variations in Seg-2 of 29 % (BTV-8 and BTV-18) to 59 % (BTV-16 and BTV-22), while the deduced amino acid sequence of VP2 varied from 22.4 % (BTV-4 and BTV-20) to 73 % (BTV-6 and BTV-22). Ten distinct Seg-2 lineages (nucleotypes) were detected, with greatest sequence similarities between those serotypes that had previously been reported as serologically ‘related’. Fewer similarities were observed between different serotypes in regions of VP2 that have been reported as antigenically important, suggesting that they may play a role in the neutralizing antibody response. The data presented form an initial basis for BTV serotype identification by sequence analyses and comparison of Seg-2, and for development of molecular diagnostic assays for individual BTV serotypes (by RT-PCR).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maan
- Department of Arbovirology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - N S Maan
- Department of Arbovirology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - A R Samuel
- Department of Arbovirology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - S Rao
- Department of Arbovirology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - H Attoui
- Department of Arbovirology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - P P C Mertens
- Department of Arbovirology, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
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17
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MacLachlan NJ, Balasuriya UB, Davis NL, Collier M, Johnston RE, Ferraro GL, Guthrie AJ. Experiences with new generation vaccines against equine viral arteritis, West Nile disease and African horse sickness. Vaccine 2007; 25:5577-82. [PMID: 17267078 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Revised: 12/13/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Viral diseases constitute an ever growing threat to the horse industry worldwide because of the rapid movement of large numbers of horses for competition and breeding. A number of different types of vaccines are available for protective immunization of horses against viral diseases. Traditional inactivated and live-attenuated (modified live virus, MLV) virus vaccines remain popular and efficacious but recombinant vaccines are increasingly being developed and used, in part because of the perceived deficiencies of some existing products. New generation vaccines include MLVs with deletions and/or mutations of critical genes, subunit vaccines that incorporate immunogenic proteins (or portions thereof) or expression vectors that produce these proteins as immunogens, and DNA vaccines. New generation vaccines have been developed for several viral diseases of horses. We recently have developed an alphavirus replicon-vectored equine arteritis virus (EAV) vaccine, and evaluated a commercial canary pox virus-vectored vaccine for West Nile disease. The success of these new-generation vaccines has catalyzed efforts to develop improved vaccines for the prevention of African horse sickness, a disease of emerging global significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N James MacLachlan
- Equine Viral Disease Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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18
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Boone JD, Balasuriya UB, Karaca K, Audonnet JC, Yao J, He L, Nordgren R, Monaco F, Savini G, Gardner IA, Maclachlan NJ. Recombinant canarypox virus vaccine co-expressing genes encoding the VP2 and VP5 outer capsid proteins of bluetongue virus induces high level protection in sheep. Vaccine 2006; 25:672-8. [PMID: 17059856 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2006] [Revised: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development and preliminary characterization of a recombinant canarypox virus vectored vaccine for protective immunization of ruminants against bluetongue virus (BTV) infection. Sheep (n=6) immunized with recombinant canarypox virus vector (BTV-CP) co-expressing synthetic genes encoding the two outer capsid proteins (VP2 and VP5) of BTV serotype 17 (BTV-17) developed high titers (40-160) of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies and were resistant to challenge with a field strain of BTV-17. In contrast, sheep (n=5) immunized with a commercial recombinant canarypox virus vector expressing the E and preM genes of West Nile virus were seronegative to BTV and developed pyrexia, lymphopenia, and extended, high-titered viremias following challenge exposure to the field strain of BTV-17. These data confirm that the BTV-CP vaccine may be useful for the protective immunization of ruminants against bluetongue, and it may avoid the problems inherent to live-attenuated (LA) BTV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh D Boone
- Equine Viral Disease Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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