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El-Sayed A, Refaai M, Ateya A. Doppler ultrasonographic scan, gene expression and serum profile of immune, APPs and antioxidant markers in Egyptian buffalo-cows with clinical endometritis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5698. [PMID: 38459095 PMCID: PMC10923904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to elaborate Doppler ultrasonographic scan, genetic resistance and serum profile of markers associated with endometritis susceptibility in Egyptian buffalo-cows. The enrolled animals were designed as; twenty five apparently healthy buffalo-cows considered as a control group and twenty five infected buffalo with endometritis. There were significant (p < 0.05) increased of cervical diameter, endometrium thickness, uterine horn diameter, TAMEAN, TAMAX and blood flow through middle uterine artery with significant decrease of PI and RI values in endometritis buffalo-cows. Gene expression levels were considerably higher in endometritis-affected buffaloes than in resistant ones for the genes A2M, ADAMTS20, KCNT2, MAP3K4, MAPK14, FKBP5, FCAMR, TLR2, IRAK3, CCl2, EPHA4, and iNOS. The RXFP1, NDUFS5, TGF-β, SOD3, CAT, and GPX genes were expressed at substantially lower levels in endometritis-affected buffaloes. The PCR-DNA sequence verdicts of healthy and affected buffaloes revealed differences in the SNPs in the amplified DNA bases related to endometritis for the investigated genes. However, MAP3K4 elicited a monomorphic pattern. There was a significant decrease of red blood cells (RBCs) count, Hb and packed cell volume (PCV) with neutrophilia, lymphocytosis and monocytosis in endometritis group compared with healthy ones. The serum levels of Hp, SAA, Cp, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, NO and MDA were significantly (P˂0.05) increased, along with reduction of CAT, GPx, SOD and TAC in buffalo-cows with endometritis compared to healthy ones. The variability of Doppler ultrasonographic scan and studied genes alongside alterations in the serum profile of investigated markers could be a reference guide for limiting buffalo endometritis through selective breeding of natural resistant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Sayed
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Refaai
- Diagnostic Imaging and Endoscopy Unit, Agriculture Research Centre, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
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Valdmann M, Kurykin J, Waldmann A. Individual and Combined Effects of Diseases and Cytological Endometritis on Reproductive Performance and Culling of Dairy Cows: Preliminary Results. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2913. [PMID: 36359037 PMCID: PMC9656244 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of calving-related disorders/clinical diseases (DIS) and cytological endometritis (CYTO) on the reproductive performance and culling of dairy cows. In a total of 119 multiparous Holstein cows, DIS were recorded and CYTO was diagnosed at 40 ± 2 d in milk. Onset of luteal activity was defined as the first postpartum measurement of milk progesterone >5 ng/mL. A dummy variable containing all four possible permutations between DIS and CYTO statuses was created. The pregnancy rates after first artificial insemination were 57.7, 42.9, 23.0 and 15.8% for the DIS−/CYTO−, DIS+/CYTO−, DIS−/CYTO+ and DIS+/CYTO+ groups, respectively. The hazard of pregnancy was affected by DIS−/CYTO+ and DIS+/CYTO+ health statuses (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.43 and 0.29, respectively), whereas DIS+/CYTO− and DIS−/CYTO− cows had a similar hazard to pregnancy. The hazard of onset of luteal activity was affected by DIS+/CYTO+ health status (HR = 0.45), but not by DIS+/CYTO− and DIS−/CYTO+ health statuses. Compared with DIS−/CYTO− cows, DIS−/CYTO+ and DIS+/CYTO+ cows had 4.24 and 5.57 times the odds of being culled, respectively. Culling was not affected by DIS+/CYTO− health status. In conclusion, CYTO+ status, irrespective of DIS status, decreased the pregnancy rate. When DIS+ and CYTO+ were combined, they had an additive negative effect. Our preliminary findings suggest that the far-reaching consequences of clinical diseases on fertility and culling can be mediated through the development of CYTO. Further investigations including a larger number of cows are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Valdmann
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jevgeni Kurykin
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Waldmann
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia
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Osawa T. Predisposing factors, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of persistent endometritis in postpartum cows. J Reprod Dev 2021; 67:291-299. [PMID: 34511538 PMCID: PMC8568609 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2021-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A certain level of endometrial bacterial infection and inflammation is involved in bovine uterine involution during the puerperal period. Factors that hamper normal uterine involution
expose the uterine environment to pathological conditions, causing different endometritis levels. The lack of proper diagnostic tools extends the time to conception. Efforts have been made
to elucidate the postpartum uterine environment, including bacterial flora, changes in transient endometrial inflammation, and the pathophysiology of endometritis, to improve bovine
reproductive performance. E. coli and Trueperella pyogenes in the uterus are likely to cause persistent infection, and Mycoplasma
bovigenitalium infection is associated with dystocia and cytological endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Due to the widespread use of cytobrush as a diagnostic tool for bovine
subclinical endometritis (SE) that enables quantification of the degree of inflammation, we found that endometritis at week 5 postpartum was associated with delayed first ovulation.
Approximately 30% of open cows have SE during the postpartum period, and cows with low blood glucose during prepartum have a high risk of developing SE. Additionally, cows with purulent
vaginal discharge do not always have endometritis but only vaginitis and/or cervicitis. Intrauterine infusion of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) improves fertility and promotes
endometrial epithelial cell regeneration after inducing transient uterine inflammation, suggesting that PVP-I could be a good alternative to antibiotics. In conclusion, prepartum management
to prevent glucose deficiency, prompt diagnosis to identify causative agents and intrauterine inflammation levels, and appropriate treatment to minimize antimicrobial resistance is
beneficial for tackling endometritis and improving reproductive performance in bovine herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Osawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Amin YA, Ali RA, Fouad SS, Ibrahim RM. The deleterious effect of postpartum pyometra on the reproductive indices, the metabolic profile, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters of dairy cows. Vet World 2021; 14:329-338. [PMID: 33776298 PMCID: PMC7994124 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.329-338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Postpartum uterine infectious diseases, such as pyometra, have discrepancy with both health and, subsequently, productivity of dairy cows due to its high prevalence and the high cost of treatment. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of pyometra on the reproductive indices, the metabolic profile, and oxidant/antioxidant parameters of the pyometric animal compared to those of healthy ones. Materials and Methods: The study included 30 cows. The animals were differentiated into two groups of 15 cows each: A group of pyometra and a control group. All pyometric cows were subjected to breeding soundness examination after the end of pyometra and were compared to the control group. Blood samples were obtained to assess the levels of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol, albumin, total protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, calcium (Ca), phosphorus, sodium, potassium, progesterone hormone (P4), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase. Results: Results revealed significant prolonged duration of first estrus, the days open, and the required number of services due to pyometra. The pyometra group yielded increased levels of NEFA, TGs, ALP, BUN, creatinine, MDA, and progesterone hormone. In addition, significant decrease in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, albumin, Ca, phosphorus, sodium, TAC, GPx, and superoxide dismutase was observed in the pyometra group. Finally, no difference in the concentrations of total protein, ALT, AST, and potassium was observed in the pyometra group. Conclusion: The reproductive indices was adversely influenced in cows with postpartum pyometra, and metabolic profile, involving energy balance signals and liver function indicators, revealed differences between the two groups. Increased levels of oxidative stress parameters and decrease levels of antioxidant levels were also found, suggesting that pyometra is an incentive for oxidative stress. Overall, checking the energy balance, metabolic imbalances, and oxidant/antioxidant profile, accompanied with pre-emptive procedures during the postpartum period, is essential and can reduce the chances of such diseases and possible noxious results in highly productive cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia A Amin
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Rana A Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Samer S Fouad
- Department of Clinical Pathology of Veterinary Medicine, Qena University Hospital, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Rawia M Ibrahim
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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Paiano RB, Birgel DB, Bonilla J, Birgel Junior EH. Metritis in dairy cows is preceded by alterations in biochemical profile prepartum and at parturition. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:167-174. [PMID: 33524827 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metritis in dairy cows is classified as a puerperal disease that affects all layers of the uterine epithelium and occurs during the first 21 days after parturition. The objectives of this study were to identify potential predictive biomarkers of metritis, to monitor the biochemical profile of pre-metritic dairy cows, and to evaluate the reproductive performance of dairy cows with metritis. Fifty-five cows without metritis and fifteen cows that showed clinical signs of metritis were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected at -21, -14 and - 7 days before calving and at parturition and assayed for urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total cholesterol, fibrinogen, total calcium, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations. Serum fibrinogen on 21, 14 and 7 days prepartum and at parturition was the strongest discriminator between metritic and control cows. Moreover, metritic cows had lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of urea, creatinine, cholesterol and calcium and higher (P < 0.05) serum AST, GGT activities, and serum fibrinogen, BHB and NEFA concentrations when compared to control cows. The number of days to first ovulation, insemination, services per pregnancy and days to pregnancy were greater (P < 0.05) for metritic cows than the control group, and the follicle size was smaller (P < 0.05) for metritic cows than the control group. Our results indicate alterations in the biochemical profile of dairy cows with metritis and the negative impact on the reproductive performance of metritic cows raised in tropical conditions. In addition, this study showed that the serum fibrinogen could be used as screening biomarkers to indicate cows that might have metritis during the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Braga Paiano
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, SP 05508270, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Becker Birgel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635900, Brazil
| | - Jeannine Bonilla
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Harry Birgel Junior
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635900, Brazil
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PERUMAL P, CHAURASIA D, DE AK, BHATTACHARYA D, SUNDER JAI, BHOWMICK SNEHA, KUNDU A, MISHRA PC. Effect of clinical endometritis on physiological, hematological, biochemical and endocrinological profiles in crossbred cows under tropical island ecosystem. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i9.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to assess the effect of endometritis on hematological, physiological, antioxidant, oxidative and endocrinological profiles in crossbred cows under tropical island ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Each 12 number of cows affected with clinical endometritis was selected as group 2 and without endometritis as group 1. These cows were in same parity in same locality with similar type management. Physiological profiles, hematological profiles, antioxidant profiles and hormone profiles were estimated. The result revealed that the crossbred cows with endometritis were suffering severe anaemia. The endometritis affected animals were shown significantly low level of antioxidant profiles and higher MDA level than the unaffected animal groups. Similarly endocrinological profiles revealed that the endometritis affected animals have significantly higher level of CORT and lower level of E2, P4, FSH, LH and T4 than the unaffected crossbred cows. It was concluded that the endometritis was due to anaemia, lack of antioxidants, over production of free radicals and disturbances of endocrinological profiles in crossbred cows of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
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Comparative biochemical profiles, utero-ovarian function, and fertility of the postpartum buffalo with and without subclinical endometritis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:73. [PMID: 33400003 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In postpartum buffaloes, the process of uterine involution and changes in blood metabolic profile has not been studied in relation to development of subclinical endometritis (SCE). In this study, buffaloes (n = 100) approaching calving were identified. Weekly blood samples were collected on the day of calving up to 6 weeks post-calving. The diameter of uterine horns and onset of ovarian cyclicity (corpus luteum) were recorded through ultrasonography. On the basis of polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) cell count in endometrial cytology at days 45-50 postpartum, buffaloes were divided into two groups, viz., with SCE (> 5% PMN; n = 38) and without SCE (≤ 5% PMN; n = 62). Buffaloes with SCE took longer (P < 0.05) time to complete uterine involution and had larger (P < 0.05) uterine horn diameter between 3rd and 6th weeks postpartum and lower prostaglandin F2α metabolite (PGFM) concentration on the day of calving (P < 0.05) and 1 week (P < 0.001) post-calving than without SCE group. Buffaloes with SCE had lower (P < 0.001) concentration of glucose at weeks 2 and 3, higher (P < 0.001) β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) at week 3, and lower serum albumin concentration throughout the sampling period (P < 0.05 to 0.001) except at 1 week post-calving as compared to without SCE group. The urea concentration was significantly lower (P < 0.05 to 0.001) in buffaloes with SCE from 4 weeks post-calving onwards than without SCE group. The calcium concentration was lower in buffaloes with SCE at weeks 5 (P < 0.001) and 6 (P < 0.05) postpartum, whereas the concentration of magnesium and phosphorus was uniform between the two groups. No significant (P > 0.05) difference in onset of ovarian cyclicity between the 2 groups was observed, whereas buffaloes with SCE had longer (P = 0.001) median days open (141 days) than their counterpart (117 days). The first service conception rate, cumulative pregnancy rate, and pregnancy rate at 150 days postpartum were lower (P < 0.05) in buffaloes with SCE than without SCE group. In summary, higher BHBA and lower serum concentrations of glucose, albumin, urea, and calcium control onset of subclinical endometritis which in turn has negative impact on fertility of buffaloes.
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Diniz JVA, Peixoto RM, Silva LO, Nogueira MMB, de Freitas RR, Loureiro B, Satrapa RA, Oba E. Fertility traits of recipient cows raised in the Amazon biome. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lopes RB, Valldecabres A, Silva-Del-Río N. Technical note: Glucose concentration in dairy cows measured using 6 handheld meters designed for human use. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9401-9408. [PMID: 31378495 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the precision and accuracy of 6 handheld glucose meters, designed for human use [Accu-Chek Aviva Plus (AC), Roche Diabetes Care, Mannheim, Germany; Aga Matrix (AM), AgaMatrix Inc., Salem, NH; Contour Next (CT), Bayer HealthCare LLC, Leverkusen, Germany; FreeStyle Precision Neo (FS), Abbott Diabetes Care Ltd., Alameda, CA; Nova Max Plus (NM), Nova Biomedical Corporation, Waltham, MA; and Precision Xtra (PX), Abbott Diabetes Care Ltd., Witney, UK] to measure blood glucose concentration in dairy cows. Blood samples from Jersey and Jersey × Holstein crossbreed cows (n = 97 for all; except CT, n = 71) were collected and analyzed in triplicate using the 6 handheld glucose meters evaluated. Plasma glucose was also measured with the laboratory reference method (hexokinase glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase). Based on the intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV), precision varied across handheld glucose meters: AC (2.2%), CT (4.0%), PX (4.7%), FS (5.6%), AM (6.2%), and NM (6.7%). Lin's concordance correlation coefficients between handheld glucose meters and the reference method were 0.75 for FS, 0.74 for PX, 0.62 for AC, 0.55 for CT, 0.53 for NM, and 0.48 for AM. Based on Passing-Bablok regression, the AM and PX meters showed bias in the measurements of blood glucose. Bland-Altman plots indicated a negative bias (FS = -0.25 mmol/L; CT = -0.60 mmol/L) or a positive bias (AM = 0.29 mmol/L; PX = 0.33 mmol/L; NM = 0.52 mmol/L; AC = 0.65 mmol/L) between handheld glucose meters and the reference method. All handheld glucose meters evaluated had wide limits of agreement (LoA) ranging from -0.18 to 1.47 mmol/L (AC, narrowest LoA) to -1.25 to 1.82 mmol/L (AM, widest LoA). Bias was the major contributor to the total observed error (TEobs), accounting for 81.5% of the TEobs in AC, 72.0% in CT, 64.9% in AM, 61.1% in NM, 57.8% in PX, and 56.2% in FS. Overall, although some handheld meters (AC, CT, and PX) showed satisfactory precision, none were accurate measuring glucose. Future studies should evaluate whether incorporating algorithms designed for cattle can improve accuracy and precision of handheld glucose meters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Lopes
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - A Valldecabres
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - N Silva-Del-Río
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, 18830 Road 112, Tulare, CA 93274; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
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Paiano RB, Gonçalves CGP, Mendes JPG, Bonilla J, Birgel DB, Birgel Junior EH. Comparative biochemical profiles, production and reproduction status of the post-partum dairy cows with and without purulent vaginal discharge. Reprod Domest Anim 2019; 54:1188-1194. [PMID: 31232478 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) is a prevalent uterine disease of dairy cows during the puerperium that affects the milk production and affects the profitability of farms. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the biochemical profile, the body condition score, the milk production of cows with PVD and the effects PVD on reproductive performance. A total of 338 Holstein dairy cows aged from 3 to 5 years, from three commercial dairy farms, from Brazil, were used. Blood samples were collected within 25 ± 3 days post-partum from Holstein dairy cows without PVD (control cows, n = 242) and cows with PVD (n = 96), based on scoring of the vaginal discharge. The body condition score and milk production were recorded on the day of sampling. The biochemical profile encompassed albumin, urea, gamma-glutamyl transferase, calcium, fibrinogen and cholesterol concentrations. The number of services per pregnancy was lower (p < 0.01), and the number of days until first insemination and the median time to pregnancy were higher in cows with PVD (p < 0.01) when compared with control cows. Milk production and body condition score were lower (p < 0.01) in cows with PVD than in control group. Cows with PVD had lower (p < 0.05) serum albumin, urea, calcium and cholesterol concentrations, and higher serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity and fibrinogen concentration than cows without PVD. Our results show that cows with PVD have changes in the biochemical profile and negative effects on production and reproduction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan B Paiano
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jeannine Bonilla
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Daniela B Birgel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Eduardo H Birgel Junior
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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Cui L, Wang H, Ding Y, Li J, Li J. Changes in the blood routine, biochemical indexes and the pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions of peripheral leukocytes in postpartum dairy cows with metritis. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:157. [PMID: 31113485 PMCID: PMC6528309 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to clarify the changes in complete blood count, blood biochemistry, and the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines of peripheral white blood cells in postpartum dairy cows with metritis. RESULTS The cows were assigned to the control group (n = 28) or the metritis group (n = 28), retrospectively. Blood samples were taken 7 days before the estimated parturition (- 7 d), on the day of parturition (0 d), and 7 and 30 d after parturition. There was no difference in blood indexes between the control group and the metritis group at - 7 d. The WBC, granulocytes and monocytes were generally higher at 7 and 30 d in the metritis group than the control. In comparison with the controls, all liver function parameters and triglyceride levels at 0, 7 and 30 d, and the creatinine level at 7 and 30 d were higher in cows with metritis. The concentrations of Ca and P at 0, 7 and 30 d, and of glucose at 0 d were lower for cows in the metritis group compared with cows in the control group. Among these parameters, the WBC at 30 d, the aspartate aminotransferase activity (AST) at 7 d exceeded normal ranges (WBC: 5.0 ~ 16.0 × 109/L; AST: 42.5 ~ 98 U/L), whereas the concentrations of glucose and Ca from 0 to 30 d were below normal ranges (glucose: 2.5 ~ 4.5 mmol/L; Ca: 2.2 ~ 2.5 mmol/L) in the metritis group. The gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the metritis group were higher than those in the control group, including the IL-1α at 7d, the IL-1β at - 7, 0 and 7 d, the IL-6 at - 7, 0, 7 and 30 d, the IL-8 at 0, 7 and 30 d, and the TNF-α at 7 and 30 d. CONCLUSION The cows with metritis experienced systemic inflammation for 4 weeks after calving, the impaired hepatic function, and the altered metabolic status with increased triglyceride level and decreased concentrations of glucose, Ca and P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanan Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, 12 East Wenhui Rd, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Pothmann H, Müller J, Pothmann I, Tichy A, Drillich M. Reproducibility of endometrial cytology using cytobrush technique and agreement for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis between five predefined endometrial sites. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 54:350-357. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Pothmann
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants; University Clinic for Ruminants; University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna Austria
| | - Jessica Müller
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants; University Clinic for Ruminants; University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna Austria
| | | | - Alexander Tichy
- Platform of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Scientific Biomedicine; University of Veterinary Medicine; Vienna Austria
| | - Marc Drillich
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management in Ruminants; University Clinic for Ruminants; University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna Austria
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Nazhat SA, Kitahara G, Kozuka N, Mido S, Sadawy M, Ali HES, Osawa T. Associations of periparturient plasma biochemical parameters, endometrial leukocyte esterase and myeloperoxidase, and bacterial detection with clinical and subclinical endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:302-310. [PMID: 29332864 PMCID: PMC5836768 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at demonstrating associations between peripheral biochemical
parameters, endometrial leukocyte esterase (LE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and bacterial
detection with the degree of endometrial inflammation, and determining the best time
postpartum for diagnosing endometritis to predict subsequent fertility in dairy cows.
Plasma albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (T-cho), NEFA, and BHBA
concentrations were analyzed in 43 Holstein cows at 3, 5 and 7 weeks postpartum (W3, W5
and W7). Endometrial samples were collected at W3, W5 and W7 to examine LE and MPO
activities, bacterial detection rates, and PMN% profiles. The 43 cows were divided into
healthy (HE), subclinical endometritis (SE), and clinical endometritis (CE) groups,
classified differently at W3, W5 and W7 based on the definitions of SE and CE for each of
the three weeks pp. LE level had an association with PMN% in all weeks pp
(P<0.05). Albumin and BUN levels had weak negative associations with
endometrial PMN% at W3. Pathogenic bacterial detection rates were higher in the cows with
endometritis at W3 and W5. Conception rate at first artificial insemination tended to be
lower (P=0.057) in the cows diagnosed with endometritis at W3 than in the
healthy cows. In conclusion, associations were found between endometrial LE and
endometritis, but not for MPO and endometritis. Diagnosing endometritis in W3 may be the
best moment to predict subsequent fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Ahmad Nazhat
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Go Kitahara
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Kozuka
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shogo Mido
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Mohammed Sadawy
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hossam El-Sheikh Ali
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.,Theriogenology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Takeshi Osawa
- Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kihara 5200, Kiyotake, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.,Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi 1-1, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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14
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Alterations of non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyric acid, urea, and bilirubin traits in clinical endometritis cows following treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-017-2574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Van Eetvelde M, Opsomer G. Innovative look at dairy heifer rearing: Effect of prenatal and post-natal environment on later performance. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52 Suppl 3:30-36. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Van Eetvelde
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
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16
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A review of the ongoing discussion about definition, diagnosis and pathomechanism of subclinical endometritis in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2017; 94:21-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Bicalho MLS, Marques EC, Gilbert RO, Bicalho RC. The association of plasma glucose, BHBA, and NEFA with postpartum uterine diseases, fertility, and milk production of Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology 2016; 88:270-282. [PMID: 27793454 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between the metabolic indicators such as nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and glucose during the transition period and the development of uterine diseases. In total, 181 Holstein dairy cows were enrolled in the study. Plasma glucose, NEFA, and BHBA concentrations were measured at -50, -6, 3, 7, and 14 days relative to parturition. All cows enrolled in the study were evaluated for retained placenta (RP), metritis, and endometritis. Metritis and RP were diagnosed and treated by trained farm personnel. Clinical endometritis was evaluated by a veterinarian at 35 days in milk using a Metricheck device. We found plasma glucose concentration to be associated with the occurrence of metritis and clinical endometritis. Moreover, cows with an increased calving-to-conception interval (>150 days) presented higher plasma glucose concentrations than cows that became pregnant within the first 150 days, whereas BHBA and NEFA were not associated with the occurrence of any uterine disorder. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used in an attempt to determine the cow-level critical thresholds for the occurrence of metritis, and endometritis. In addition, pairwise comparisons of area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curves for the critical thresholds for glucose, BHBA, and NEFA predicting the same uterine disease were performed. Glucose at 3 days in milk was the best predictor for metritis and endometritis diagnosis, with AUC values of 0.66 and 0.67, respectively. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed and showed that cows with higher levels of glucose at Day 3 were at 6.6 times higher odds of being diagnosed with metritis, and 3.5 times higher odds of developing clinical endometritis, compared with cows with lower glucose levels. Finally, a simple linear regression analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between daily milk yield in the first and second weeks of lactation and plasma glucose concentrations measured at Days 7 and 14, respectively. Concentrations of NEFA and BHBA were not found to be associated with milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L S Bicalho
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - E C Marques
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - R O Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - R C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
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18
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Ghanem ME, Tezuka E, Sasaki K, Takahashi M, Yamagishi N, Izaike Y, Osawa T. Correlation of blood metabolite concentrations and body condition scores with persistent postpartum uterine bacterial infection in dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:457-463. [PMID: 27349443 PMCID: PMC5081732 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the relationship of blood metabolite concentrations and body condition score (BCS) with persistent bacterial uterine infection, specifically that caused by Trueperella pyogenes and anaerobic bacteria, uterine bacteriological swabs (n = 128) were collected from 64 Holstein cows at 5 (W5) and 7 (W7) weeks postpartum, and the percentage of neutrophils in the endometrium was evaluated. Blood glucose, total cholesterol (T-cho), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyric acid concentrations were analyzed at 3 weeks (W-3) and 1 week (W-1) prepartum and W3, W5, and W7 postpartum. BCS were evaluated at W-3, W3, and W7. Blood glucose concentrations at W-3 and W-1 in cows with persistent bacterial infection were lower (P = 0.05) than in the rest of the cows. Total BUN concentrations in cows with persistent bacterial infection were lower (P < 0.01) than those in other cows, although the association between the pre or postpartum time and status of infection was not significant. Total NEFA concentrations in cows with persistent bacterial infection were similar to those in uninfected cows and cows positive for infection at W5 but not W7. Total BCS in cows with persistent bacterial infection were lower (P < 0.01) than those in cows positive for infection at both W5 but not W7 and W7 but not W5; however, the association between the pre or postpartum time and status of infection was not significant. Glucose concentrations at W-3 and W-1 negatively correlated with persistent bacterial infection at W5 and W7 (P < 0.01). BUN concentrations at W3 (P < 0.01), W5 (P < 0.05), and W7 (P < 0.05) and BCS at W3 (P < 0.01) negatively correlated with persistent postpartum bacterial infection. Decreased prepartum blood glucose concentrations might be an important risk factor for persistent postpartum bacterial uterine infection in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elshabrawy Ghanem
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
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19
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Jeong J, Choi I, Kang H, Hur T, Jung Y, Kim I. Relationship between serum metabolites, body condition, peri- and postpartum health and resumption of postpartum cyclicity in dairy cows. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Pothmann H, Prunner I, Wagener K, Jaureguiberry M, de la Sota R, Erber R, Aurich C, Ehling-Schulz M, Drillich M. The prevalence of subclinical endometritis and intrauterine infections in repeat breeder cows. Theriogenology 2015; 83:1249-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Shin EK, Jeong JK, Choi IS, Kang HG, Hur TY, Jung YH, Kim IH. Relationships among ketosis, serum metabolites, body condition, and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2015; 84:252-60. [PMID: 25872806 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We determined the relationships among ketosis, serum metabolites, body condition, and reproductive disorders and performance in dairy cows. Blood samples from 213 dairy cows were collected at 4 and 2 weeks prepartum, just after calving, and at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postpartum to measure serum β-hydroxybutyrate, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), glucose, total cholesterol, urea nitrogen, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, and progesterone concentrations. Cows were grouped on the basis of the β-hydroxybutyrate concentration at 1 and/or 2 weeks postpartum into two groups: the ketotic group (≥1200 μmol/L, n = 59) and the nonketotic group (<1200 μmol/L, n = 154). The body condition score (BCS) was assessed simultaneously with blood collection. Clinical endometritis was diagnosed by observation of vaginal discharges (>50% pus), and subclinical endometritis was diagnosed by evaluation of uterine cytology (>18% neutrophils) at 4 weeks postpartum. Ovarian cysts were diagnosed by ultrasonography, and resumption of postpartum cyclicity was evaluated by progesterone concentrations (≥1 ng/mL) at 4, 6, and 8 weeks postpartum. In the ketotic group, NEFA levels were higher (P ≤ 0.0005), whereas glucose (P < 0.05-0.0005) and urea nitrogen levels (P < 0.05-0.01) were lower than those in the nonketotic group during the postpartum period. Aspartate aminotransferase levels were higher (P < 0.01) in the ketotic group than those in the nonketotic group at 2 weeks postpartum. The BCS of the ketotic group was higher than the nonketotic group during the prepartum (P < 0.001) and postpartum (P < 0.05-0.001) periods. The probabilities of clinical endometritis (odds ratio = 2.55) and ovarian cysts (odds ratio = 2.80) were higher (P < 0.05) in the ketotic group than those in the nonketotic group. The hazards of resumption of postpartum cyclicity by 8 weeks postpartum (hazard ratio = 0.67) and pregnancy by 360 days postpartum (hazard ratio = 0.68) were lower (P < 0.05) in the ketotic group. In conclusion, a higher BCS during prepartum and postpartum period and increased NEFA and aspartate aminotransferase levels, along with decreased glucose and urea nitrogen levels during postpartum, were associated with ketosis, increased reproductive disorders, and decreased reproductive performance in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - In-Soo Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Hyun-Gu Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Young-Hun Jung
- National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Ill-Hwa Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Korea.
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22
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de Boer MW, LeBlanc SJ, Dubuc J, Meier S, Heuwieser W, Arlt S, Gilbert RO, McDougall S. Invited review: Systematic review of diagnostic tests for reproductive-tract infection and inflammation in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:3983-99. [PMID: 24835959 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic and critical appraisal of the quality of previous publications and describe diagnostic methods, diagnostic criteria and definitions, repeatability, and agreement among methods for diagnosis of vaginitis, cervicitis, endometritis, salpingitis, and oophoritis in dairy cows. Publications (n=1,600) that included the words "dairy," "cows," and at least one disease of interest were located with online search engines. In total, 51 papers were selected for comprehensive review by pairs of the authors. Only 61% (n=31) of the 51 reviewed papers provided a definition or citation for the disease or diagnostic methods studied, and only 49% (n=25) of the papers provided the data or a citation to support the test cut point used for diagnosing disease. Furthermore, a large proportion of the papers did not provide sufficient detail to allow critical assessment of the quality of design or reporting. Of 11 described diagnostic methods, only one complete methodology, i.e., vaginoscopy, was assessed for both within- and between-operator repeatability (κ=0.55-0.60 and 0.44, respectively). In the absence of a gold standard, comparisons between different tests have been undertaken. Agreement between the various diagnostic methods is at a low level. These discrepancies may indicate that these diagnostic methods assess different aspects of reproductive health and underline the importance of tying diagnostic criteria to objective measures of reproductive performance. Those studies that used a reproductive outcome to select cut points and tests have the greatest clinical utility. This approach has demonstrated, for example, that presence of (muco)purulent discharge in the vagina and an increased proportion of leukocytes in cytological preparations following uterine lavage or cytobrush sampling are associated with poorer reproductive outcomes. The lack of validated, consistent definitions and outcome variables makes comparisons of the different tests difficult. The quality of design and reporting in future publications could be improved by using checklists as a guideline. Further high-quality research based on published standards to improve study design and reporting should improve cow-side diagnostic tests. Specifically, more data on intra- and interobserver agreement are needed to evaluate test variability. Also, more studies are necessary to determine optimal cut points and time postpartum of examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W de Boer
- Cognosco, Anexa Animal Health, Morrinsville 3300, New Zealand; Epicentre, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - S J LeBlanc
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Dubuc
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Limited, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - W Heuwieser
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Arlt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - R O Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S McDougall
- Cognosco, Anexa Animal Health, Morrinsville 3300, New Zealand
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23
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Akbar H, Cardoso FC, Meier S, Burke C, McDougall S, Mitchell M, Walker C, Rodriguez-Zas SL, Everts RE, Lewin HA, Roche JR, Loor JJ. Postpartal subclinical endometritis alters transcriptome profiles in liver and adipose tissue of dairy cows. Bioinform Biol Insights 2014; 8:45-63. [PMID: 24578603 PMCID: PMC3934763 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome alterations in liver and adipose tissue of cows with subclinical endometritis (SCE) at 29 d postpartum were evaluated. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the Dynamic Impact Approach by means of KEGG and DAVID databases. Milk production, blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, magnesium), and disease biomarkers (albumin, aspartate aminotransferase) did not differ greatly between healthy and SCE cows. In liver tissue of cows with SCE, alterations in gene expression revealed an activation of complement and coagulation cascade, steroid hormone biosynthesis, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, MAPK signaling, and the formation of fibrinogen complex. Bioinformatics analysis also revealed an inhibition of vitamin B3 and B6 metabolism with SCE. In adipose, the most activated pathways by SCE were nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, long-chain fatty acid transport, oxidative phosphorylation, inflammation, T cell and B cell receptor signaling, and mTOR signaling. Results indicate that SCE in dairy cattle during early lactation induces molecular alterations in liver and adipose tissue indicative of immune activation and cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haji Akbar
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Felipe C. Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Murray Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Robin E. Everts
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Harris A. Lewin
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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24
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Williams EJ. Drivers of Post-partum Uterine Disease in Dairy Cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48 Suppl 1:53-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- EJ Williams
- Veterinary Sciences Centre; School of Veterinary Medicine; University College Dublin; Dublin; Ireland
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