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Kulakova MA, Maslakov GP, Poliushkevich LO. Irreducible Complexity of Hox Gene: Path to the Canonical Function of the Hox Cluster. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:987-1001. [PMID: 38981695 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924060014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of major taxa is often associated with the emergence of new gene families. In all multicellular animals except sponges and comb jellies, the genomes contain Hox genes, which are crucial regulators of development. The canonical function of Hox genes involves colinear patterning of body parts in bilateral animals. This general function is implemented through complex, precisely coordinated mechanisms, not all of which are evolutionarily conserved and fully understood. We suggest that the emergence of this regulatory complexity was preceded by a stage of cooperation between more ancient morphogenetic programs or their individual elements. Footprints of these programs may be present in modern animals to execute non-canonical Hox functions. Non-canonical functions of Hox genes are involved in maintaining terminal nerve cell specificity, autophagy, oogenesis, pre-gastrulation embryogenesis, vertical signaling, and a number of general biological processes. These functions are realized by the basic properties of homeodomain protein and could have triggered the evolution of ParaHoxozoa and Nephrozoa subsequently. Some of these non-canonical Hox functions are discussed in our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milana A Kulakova
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Georgy P Maslakov
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Liudmila O Poliushkevich
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Derby CD. The Crustacean Antennule: A Complex Organ Adapted for Lifelong Function in Diverse Environments and Lifestyles. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2021; 240:67-81. [PMID: 33939945 DOI: 10.1086/713537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe crustacean first antenna, or antennule, has been an experimental model for studying sensory biology for over 150 years. Investigations have led to a clearer understanding of the functional organization of the antennule as an olfactory organ but also to a realization that the antennule is much more than that. Across the Crustacea, the antennules take on many forms and functions. As an example, the antennule of reptantian decapods has many types of sensilla, each with distinct structure and function and with hundreds of thousands of chemosensory neurons expressing hundreds of genes that code for diverse classes of receptor proteins. Together, these antennular sensilla represent multiple chemosensory pathways, each with its own central connections and functions. The antennule also has a diversity of sensors of mechanical stimuli, including vibrations, touch, water flow, and the animal's own movements. The antennule likely also detects other environmental cues, such as temperature, oxygen, pH, salinity, and noxious stimuli. Furthermore, the antennule is a motor organ-it is flicked to temporally and spatially sample the animal's chemo-mechanical surroundings-and this information is used in resolving the structure of chemical plumes and locating the odor source. The antennule is also adapted to maintain lifelong function in a changing environment. For example, it has specific secretory glands, grooming structures, and behaviors to stay clean and functional. Antennular sensilla and the annuli on which they reside are also added and replaced, leading to a complete turnover of the antennule over several molts. Thus, the antennule is a complex and dynamic sensory-motor integrator that is intricately engaged in most aspects of the lives of crustaceans.
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Steens J, Klar L, Hansel C, Slama A, Hager T, Jendrossek V, Aigner C, Klein D. The vascular nature of lung-resident mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:128-143. [PMID: 32830458 PMCID: PMC7780817 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lungs bear their own reservoir of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although described as located perivascular, the cellular identity of primary lung MSCs remains elusive. Here we investigated the vascular nature of lung‐resident MSCs (LR‐MSCs) using healthy human lung tissue. LR‐MSCs predominately reside within the vascular stem cell niche, the so‐called vasculogenic zone of adult lung arteries. Primary LR‐MSCs isolated from normal human lung tissue showed typical MSC characteristics in vitro and were phenotypically and functionally indistinguishable from MSCs derived from the vascular wall of adult human blood vessels (VW‐MSCs). Moreover, LR‐MSCs expressed the VW‐MSC‐specific HOX code a characteristic to discriminate VW‐MSCs from phenotypical similar cells. Thus, LR‐MSC should be considered as VW‐MSCs. Immunofluorescent analyses of non‐small lung cancer (NSCLC) specimen further confirmed the vascular adventitia as stem cell niche for LR‐MSCs, and revealed their mobilization and activation in NSCLC progression. These findings have implications for understanding the role of MSC in normal lung physiology and pulmonary diseases, as well as for the rational design of additional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Steens
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Lea Klar
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Hansel
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexis Slama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Surgical Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik-University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Surgical Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik-University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
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Huang C, Hu YW, Zhao JJ, Ma X, Zhang Y, Guo FX, Kang CM, Lu JB, Xiu JC, Sha YH, Gao JJ, Wang YC, Li P, Xu BM, Zheng L, Wang Q. Long Noncoding RNA HOXC-AS1 Suppresses Ox-LDL-Induced Cholesterol Accumulation Through Promoting HOXC6 Expression in THP-1 Macrophages. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:722-729. [PMID: 27574949 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Huang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Xia Guo
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Min Kang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Bo Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-cheng Xiu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hua Sha
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Juan Gao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Chao Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bang-Ming Xu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hueber SD, Rauch J, Djordjevic MA, Gunter H, Weiller GF, Frickey T. Analysis of central Hox protein types across bilaterian clades: On the diversification of central Hox proteins from an Antennapedia/Hox7-like protein. Dev Biol 2013; 383:175-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Durston AJ. Global posterior prevalence is unique to vertebrates: a dance to the music of time? Dev Dyn 2012; 241:1799-807. [PMID: 22930553 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We reach the conclusion that posterior prevalence, a collinear property considered important for Hox complex function, is so far unique, in a global form, to vertebrates. Why is this? We suspect this is because posterior prevalence is explicitly connected to the vertebrate form of Hox temporal collinearity, which is central to axial patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Durston
- Institute of Biology, University of Leiden, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Hadrys H, Simon S, Kaune B, Schmitt O, Schöner A, Jakob W, Schierwater B. Isolation of Hox cluster genes from insects reveals an accelerated sequence evolution rate. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34682. [PMID: 22685537 PMCID: PMC3369913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among gene families it is the Hox genes and among metazoan animals it is the insects (Hexapoda) that have attracted particular attention for studying the evolution of development. Surprisingly though, no Hox genes have been isolated from 26 out of 35 insect orders yet, and the existing sequences derive mainly from only two orders (61% from Hymenoptera and 22% from Diptera). We have designed insect specific primers and isolated 37 new partial homeobox sequences of Hox cluster genes (lab, pb, Hox3, ftz, Antp, Scr, abd-a, Abd-B, Dfd, and Ubx) from six insect orders, which are crucial to insect phylogenetics. These new gene sequences provide a first step towards comparative Hox gene studies in insects. Furthermore, comparative distance analyses of homeobox sequences reveal a correlation between gene divergence rate and species radiation success with insects showing the highest rate of homeobox sequence evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Hadrys
- ITZ, Division of Ecology and Evolution, Stiftung Tieraerztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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