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Wang K, Baldwin GS, Nikfarjam M, He H. Antitumor effects of all-trans retinoic acid and its synergism with gemcitabine are associated with downregulation of p21-activated kinases in pancreatic cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G632-G640. [PMID: 30844294 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00344.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been used as an antistromal agent in PDA, and its antitumor effect has also been reported in various kinds of cancer, including PDA. Inhibition of p21-activated kinases (PAKs) is associated with decreased tumor growth and increased gemcitabine sensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of ATRA alone and in combination with gemcitabine on cell growth and migration of wild-type and gemcitabine-resistant PDA cells and the potential mechanism(s) involved. Human (MiaPaCa-2) and murine (TB33117) PDA cell lines were incubated in increasing concentrations of gemcitabine to establish resistant clones. Cell growth, clonogenicity, and migration/invasion were determined using a sulforhodamine B assay, a colony formation assay, and a Boyden chamber assay, respectively. Protein expression was measured by Western blotting. ATRA reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration/invasion in both wild-type and gemcitabine-resistant cell lines. PAK1 expression was significantly increased in resistant cells. Cells treated with ATRA showed decreased expression of PAK1, PAK2, PAK4, and α-smooth muscle actin. The combination of ATRA and gemcitabine synergistically reduced cell growth in both wild-type and gemcitabine-resistant cell lines. Depletion of PAK1 enhanced ATRA sensitivity in MiaPaCa-2 cells. In conclusion, the antitumor effects of ATRA and its synergism with gemcitabine are associated with downregulation of PAKs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The inhibitory effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration/invasion was associated with downregulation of p21-activated kinases (PAKs), and depletion of PAK1 enhanced ATRA sensitivity in MiaPaCa-2 cells. The combination of ATRA and gemcitabine synergistically reduced cell growth in both wild-type and gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. As an important prognostic marker, α-smooth muscle actin also can be downregulated by ATRA in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Graham S Baldwin
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Mehrdad Nikfarjam
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Hong He
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
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Wang H, Mislati R, Ahmed R, Vincent P, Nwabunwanne SF, Gunn JR, Pogue BW, Doyley MM. Elastography Can Map the Local Inverse Relationship between Shear Modulus and Drug Delivery within the Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2136-2143. [PMID: 30352906 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High tissue pressure prevents chemotherapeutics from reaching the core of pancreatic tumors. Therefore, targeted therapies have been developed to reduce this pressure. While point probes have shown the effectiveness of these pressure-reducing therapies via single-location estimates, ultrasound elastography is now widely available as an imaging technique to provide real-time spatial maps of shear modulus (tissue stiffness). However, the relationship between shear modulus and the underlying tumor microenvironmental causes of high tissue pressure has not been investigated. In this work, elastography was used to investigate how shear modulus influences drug delivery in situ, and how it correlates with collagen density, hyaluronic acid content, and patent vessel density-features of the tumor microenvironment known to influence tissue pressure. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Intravenous injection of verteporfin, an approved human fluorescent drug, was used in two pancreatic cancer xenograft models [AsPC-1 (n = 25) and BxPC-3 (n = 25)]. RESULTS Fluorescence intensity was higher in AsPC-1 tumors than in BxPC-3 tumors (P < 0.0001). Comparing drug uptake images and shear wave elastographic images with histologic images revealed that: (i) drug delivery and shear modulus were inversely related, (ii) shear modulus increased linearly with increasing collagen density, and (iii) shear modulus was marginally correlated with the local assessment of hyaluronic acid content. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that elastography could guide targeted therapy and/or identify patients with highly elevated tissue pressure.See related commentary by Nia et al., p. 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexuan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Reem Mislati
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Rifat Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Phuong Vincent
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | - Jason R Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Marvin M Doyley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
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Ma Y, Hu J, Zhang N, Dong X, Li Y, Yang B, Tian W, Wang X. Prediction of Candidate Drugs for Treating Pancreatic Cancer by Using a Combined Approach. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149896. [PMID: 26910401 PMCID: PMC4765895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the leading cause of death from solid malignancies worldwide. Currently, gemcitabine is the only drug approved for treating pancreatic cancer. Developing new therapeutic drugs for this disease is, therefore, an urgent need. The C-Map project has provided a wealth of gene expression data that can be mined for repositioning drugs, a promising approach to new drug discovery. Typically, a drug is considered potentially useful for treating a disease if the drug-induced differential gene expression profile is negatively correlated with the differentially expressed genes in the target disease. However, many of the potentially useful drugs (PUDs) identified by gene expression profile correlation are likely false positives because, in C-Map, the cultured cell lines to which the drug is applied are not derived from diseased tissues. To solve this problem, we developed a combined approach for predicting candidate drugs for treating pancreatic cancer. We first identified PUDs for pancreatic cancer by using C-Map-based gene expression correlation analyses. We then applied an algorithm (Met-express) to predict key pancreatic cancer (KPC) enzymes involved in pancreatic cancer metabolism. Finally, we selected candidates from the PUDs by requiring that their targets be KPC enzymes or the substrates/products of KPC enzymes. Using this combined approach, we predicted seven candidate drugs for treating pancreatic cancer, three of which are supported by literature evidence, and three were experimentally validated to be inhibitory to pancreatic cancer celllines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, P.R. China
- Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, P.R. China
- Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, P.R. China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, P.R. China
- SHAANXI Kang Fu Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, P.R. China
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Froeling FEM, Feig C, Chelala C, Dobson R, Mein CE, Tuveson DA, Clevers H, Hart IR, Kocher HM. Retinoic acid-induced pancreatic stellate cell quiescence reduces paracrine Wnt-β-catenin signaling to slow tumor progression. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:1486-97, 1497.e1-14. [PMID: 21704588 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are deficient in vitamin A, resulting in activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). We investigated whether restoration of retinol to PSCs restores their quiescence and affects adjacent cancer cells. METHODS PSCs and cancer cell lines (AsPc1 and Capan1) were exposed to doses and isoforms of retinoic acid (RA) in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional culture conditions (physiomimetic organotypic culture). The effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were studied in LSL-KrasG12D/+;LSL-Trp53R172H/+;Pdx-1-Cre mice, a model of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. RESULTS After incubation with ATRA, PSCs were quiescent and had altered expression of genes that regulate proliferation, morphology, and motility; genes that encode cytoskeletal proteins and cytokines; and genes that control other functions, irrespective of culture conditions or dosage. In the organotypic model, and in mice, ATRA induced quiescence of PSCs and thereby reduced cancer cell proliferation and translocation of β-catenin to the nucleus, increased cancer cell apoptosis, and altered tumor morphology. ATRA reduced the motility of PSCs, so these cells created a "wall" at the junction between the tumor and the matrix that prevented cancer cell invasion. Restoring secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) secretion to quiescent PSCs reduced Wnt-β-catenin signaling in cancer cells and their invasive ability. Human primary and metastatic pancreatic tumor tissues stained strongly for cancer cell nuclear β-catenin but had low levels of sFRP4 (in cancer cells and PSCs). CONCLUSIONS RA induces quiescence and reduces motility of PSCs, leading to reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis of surrounding pancreatic cancer cells. RA isoforms might be developed as therapeutic reagents for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fieke E M Froeling
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute-a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, England
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Al-Wadei HAN, Ullah MF, Al-Wadei M. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), a non-protein amino acid counters the β-adrenergic cascade-activated oncogenic signaling in pancreatic cancer: a review of experimental evidence. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1745-58. [PMID: 21805621 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
GABA is a bioactive constituent of fruits, vegetables, cereals and is believed to play a role in defense against stress in plants. In animals, it acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain while also expressed in non-neuronal cells. Studies have implicated the regulator of fight or flight stress responses, β-AR signaling cascade, as mediators of cancer growth and progression in in vitro and in vivo models of pancreatic malignancies. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in western countries. This malignancy is generally unresponsive to conventional radio- and chemotherapy, resulting in mortality rate near 100% within 6 months of diagnosis. We review a series of experiments from our laboratory and those of others examining the contribution of this signaling network to pancreatic and other human malignancies. Stimulation of the β-adrenergic receptor by lifestyle and environmental factors, as well as a pre-existing risk of neoplasm, activates downstream effector molecules that lead to pro-oncogenic signaling and thereby aid cancer growth. GABAergic signaling mediated by the serpentine receptor GABA(B) acts as an antagonist to β-adrenergic cascade by intercepting adenylyl cyclase. These evidences enhance the pharmacological value of human diets rich in GABA for use as an adjuvant to standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A N Al-Wadei
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Genotoxicity of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and its steroidal analogue EA-4 in human lymphocytes and mouse cells in vitro. Cancer Lett 2011; 306:15-26. [PMID: 21454011 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study is to: (a) investigate whether ATRA and its steroidal analogue EA-4 enhance micronucleation in human lymphocytes and mouse cells in vitro and clarify the micronucleation mechanism by FISH and CREST analysis respectively, and (b) analyze their effect on spindle organization by immunofluorescence of β- and γ-tubulin in mouse cells. We found that they: (a) induce micronucleation mainly via chromosome breakage and chromosome delay in a lesser extent, (b) disturb microtubule network, chromosome orientation and centrosome duplication/separation, (c) accumulate cell cycle at ana-telophases, which exert micronucleation, multiple γ-tubulin signals, nucleoplasmic bridges and multinucleation, and (d) generate multinucleated and multimicronucleated interphase cells.
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Arrieta O, González-De la Rosa CH, Aréchaga-Ocampo E, Villanueva-Rodríguez G, Cerón-Lizárraga TL, Martínez-Barrera L, Vázquez-Manríquez ME, Ríos-Trejo MÁ, Álvarez-Avitia MÁ, Hernández-Pedro N, Rojas-Marín C, De la Garza J. Randomized Phase II Trial of All- Trans-Retinoic Acid With Chemotherapy Based on Paclitaxel and Cisplatin As First-Line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:3463-3471. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.6452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This randomized phase II trial evaluated whether the combination of cisplatin and paclitaxel (PC) plus all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) increases response rate (RR) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with an acceptable toxicity profile and its association with the expression of retinoic acid receptor beta 2 (RAR-β2) as a response biomarker. Patients and Methods Patients with stages IIIB with pleural effusion and IV NSCLC were included to receive PC, and randomly assigned to receive ATRA 20 mg/m2/d (RA/PC) or placebo (P/PC) 1 week before treatment until two cycles were completed. RAR-β2 expression was analyzed in tumor and adjacent lung tissue. Results One hundred seven patients were included, 55 in the P/PC group and 52 in the RA/PC group. RR for RA/PC was 55.8% (95% CI, 46.6% to 64.9%) and for P/PC, 25.4% (95% CI, 21.3 to 29.5%; P = .001). The RA/PC group had a longer median PFS (8.9 v 6.0 months; P = .008). Multivariate analysis of PFS showed significant differences for the RA/PC group (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.4 to 0.95). No significant differences in toxicity grade 3/4 were found between groups, except for hypertriglyceridemia (10% v 0%) in RA/PC (P = .05). Immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays showed expression of RAR-β2 in normal tissues of all tumor samples, but only 10% of samples in the tumor tissue. Conclusion Adding ATRA to chemotherapy could increase RR and PFS in patients with advanced NSCLC with an acceptable toxicity profile. A phase III clinical trial is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Arrieta
- From the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; and the Clinic of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia H. González-De la Rosa
- From the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; and the Clinic of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Aréchaga-Ocampo
- From the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; and the Clinic of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Geraldine Villanueva-Rodríguez
- From the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; and the Clinic of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tania L. Cerón-Lizárraga
- From the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; and the Clinic of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Martínez-Barrera
- From the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; and the Clinic of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María E. Vázquez-Manríquez
- From the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; and the Clinic of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Ríos-Trejo
- From the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; and the Clinic of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Á. Álvarez-Avitia
- From the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; and the Clinic of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Hernández-Pedro
- From the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; and the Clinic of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rojas-Marín
- From the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; and the Clinic of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime De la Garza
- From the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; and the Clinic of Thoracic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
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Trapasso E, Cosco D, Celia C, Fresta M, Paolino D. Retinoids: new use by innovative drug-delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6:465-83. [PMID: 19413455 DOI: 10.1517/17425240902832827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoids represent an old class of bioactives used in the treatment of different skin pathologies (such as acne and psoriasis) and in the treatment of many tumors. Unfortunately, they present several side effects, i.e., burning of skin and general malaise after systemic administration and they are very unstable after exposition to light. METHODS One of the most promising new approaches for reducing the side effects of retinoids while improving their pharmacological effect is the use of drug-delivery devices. This review explains the current status of retinoid drug transport, which has been developing over the last few years, explaining the modification of their biopharmaceutical properties in detail after encapsulation/inclusion in vesicular and polymeric systems. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Different colloidal and micellar systems containing retinoid drugs have been realized furnishing important potential advancements in traditional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Trapasso
- University of Messina, Pharmacochemistry Department, University of Messina, Italy
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Li J, Orr B, White K, Belogortseva N, Niles R, Boskovic G, Nguyen H, Dykes A, Park M. Chmp 1A is a mediator of the anti-proliferative effects of all-trans retinoic acid in human pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:7. [PMID: 19216755 PMCID: PMC3152783 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We recently have shown that Charged multivesicular protein/Chromatin modifying protein1A (Chmp1A) functions as a tumor suppressor in human pancreatic tumor cells. Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis of all cancers with a dismal 5-year survival rate. Preclinical studies using ATRA for treating human pancreatic cancer suggest this compound might be useful for treatment of pancreatic cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanism by which ATRA inhibits growth of pancreatic cancer cells is not clear. The objective of our study was to investigate whether Chmp1A is involved in ATRA-mediated growth inhibition of human pancreatic tumor cells. Results We performed microarray studies using HEK 293T cells and discovered that Chmp1A positively regulated Cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP-1). CRBP-1 is a key regulator of All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) through ATRA metabolism and nuclear localization. Since our microarray data indicates a potential involvement of Chmp1A in ATRA signaling, we tested this hypothesis by treating pancreatic tumor cells with ATRA in vitro. In the ATRA-responsive cell lines, ATRA significantly increased the protein expression of Chmp1A, CRBP-1, P53 and phospho-P53 at serine 15 and 37 position. We found that knockdown of Chmp1A via shRNA abolished the ATRA-mediated growth inhibition of PanC-1 cells. Also, Chmp1A silencing diminished the increase of Chmp1A, P53 and phospho-P53 protein expression induced by ATRA. In the ATRA non-responsive cells, ATRA did not have any effect on the protein level of Chmp1A and P53. Chmp1A over-expression, however, induced growth inhibition of ATRA non-responsive cells, which was accompanied by an increase of Chmp1A, P53 and phospho-P53. Interestingly, in ATRA responsive cells Chmp1A is localized to the nucleus, which became robust upon ATRA treatment. In the ATRA-non-responsive cells, Chmp1A was mainly translocated to the plasma membrane upon ATRA treatment. Conclusion Collectively our data provides evidence that Chmp1A mediates the growth inhibitory activity of ATRA in human pancreatic cancer cells via regulation of CRBP-1. Our results also suggest that nuclear localization of Chmp1A is important in mediating ATRA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington WV 25755, USA
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In vitro chemosensitivity of canine mast cell tumors grades II and III to all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Vet Res Commun 2009; 33:581-8. [PMID: 19142741 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumor (MCT) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms that affect the skin and soft tissue of dogs. Because mast cell tumors present a great variety of clinical appearance and behavior, their treatment becomes a challenge. While retinoids are well recognized as promising antitumor agents, there have been only a few reports about retinoids' effect on canine cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemosensitivity of MCT grades II and III to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Immediately after surgical resection, MCT were prepared for primary culture. Samples of MCTs were also fixed in formalin for histopathology and grading according to the classification of Patnaik et al. (Veterinary Pathology 21(5):469-474, 1984). The best results were obtained when neoplastic mast cells were co-cultivated with fibroblasts. Cultured mast cells were, then, treated with concentrations of 10(-4) to 10(-7) M of ATRA, in order to evaluate their chemosensitivity to this retinoid. MTT assay was performed to estimate cell growth and death. The highest level of mast cell chemosensivity was obtained at the dose of 10(-4) M (p < 0,002). MCT of grades II or III were equally susceptible to the treatment with ATRA. Cell death was observed on the first 24 h until 48 h. According to these results, ATRA may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of canine MCT.
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