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Kopp C, Kittler L, Linz P, Kannenkeril D, Horn S, Chazot C, Schiffer M, Uder M, Nagel AM, Dahlmann A. Modification of Dialysate Na + Concentration but not Ultrafiltration or Dialysis Treatment Time Affects Tissue Na + Deposition in Patients on Hemodialysis. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:1310-1320. [PMID: 38707813 PMCID: PMC11068953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tissue Na+ overload is present in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) and is associated with cardiovascular mortality. Strategies to actively modify tissue Na+ amount in these patients by adjusting the HD regimen have not been evaluated. Methods In several substudies, including cross-sectional analyses (n = 75 patients on HD), a cohort study and a cross-over interventional study (n = 10 patients each), we assessed the impact of ultrafiltration (UF) volume, prolongation of dialysis treatment time, and modification of dialysate Na+ concentration on tissue Na+ content using 23Na magnetic resonance imaging (23Na-MRI). Results In the cross-sectional analysis of our patients on HD, differences in dialysate sodium concentration ([Na+]) were associated with changes in tissue Na+ content, whereas neither UF volume nor HD treatment time affected tissue Na+ amount. Skin Na+ content was lower in 17 patients on HD, with dialysate [Na+] of <138 mmol/l compared to 58 patients dialyzing at ≥138 mmol/l (20.7 ± 7.3 vs. 26.0 ± 8.8 arbitrary units [a.u.], P < 0.05). In the cohort study, intraindividual prolongation of HD treatment time was not associated with a reduction in tissue Na+ content. Corresponding to the observational data, intraindividual modification of dialysate [Na+] from 138 to 142 to 135 mmol/l resulted in concordant changes in skin Na+ (24.3 ± 7.6 vs. 26.3 ± 8.0 vs. 20.8 ± 5.6 a.u, P < 0.05 each), whereas no significant change in muscle Na+ occurred. Conclusion Solely adjustment of dialysate [Na+] had a reproducible impact on tissue Na+ content. 23Na-MRI could be utilized to monitor the effectiveness of dialysate [Na+] modifications in randomized-controlled outcome trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kopp
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Kittler
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Linz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dennis Kannenkeril
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anke Dahlmann
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Hammon M, Grossmann S, Linz P, Seuss H, Hammon R, Rosenhauer D, Janka R, Cavallaro A, Luft FC, Titze J, Uder M, Dahlmann A. 3 Tesla 23Na Magnetic Resonance Imaging During Acute Kidney Injury. Acad Radiol 2017; 24:1086-1093. [PMID: 28495210 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Sodium and proton magnetic resonance imaging (23Na/1H-MRI) have shown that muscle and skin can store Na+ without water. In chronic renal failure and in heart failure, Na+ mobilization occurs, but is variable depending on age, dialysis vintage, and other features. Na+ storage depots have not been studied in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 7 patients with AKI (mean age: 51.7 years; range: 25-84) and 14 age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls. All underwent 23Na/1H-MRI at the calf. Patients were studied before and after acute hemodialysis therapy within 5-6 days. The 23Na-MRI produced grayscale images containing Na+ phantoms, which served to quantify Na+ contents. A fat-suppressed inversion recovery sequence was used to quantify H2O content. RESULTS Plasma Na+ levels did not change. Mean Na+ contents in muscle and skin did not significantly change following four to five cycles of hemodialysis treatment (before therapy: 32.7 ± 6.9 and 44.2 ± 13.5 mmol/L, respectively; after dialysis: 31.7 ± 10.2 and 42.8 ± 11.8 mmol/L, respectively; P > .05). Water content measurements did not differ significantly before and after hemodialysis in muscle and skin (P > .05). Na+ contents in calf muscle and skin of patients before hemodialysis were significantly higher than in healthy subjects (16.6 ± 2.1 and 17.9 ± 3.2) and remained significantly elevated after hemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS Na+ in muscle and skin accumulates in patients with AKI and, in contrast to patients receiving chronic hemodialysis and those with acute heart failure, is not mobilized with hemodialysis within 5-6 days.
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Miskulin DC, Weiner DE. Blood Pressure Management in Hemodialysis Patients: What We Know And What Questions Remain. Semin Dial 2017; 30:203-212. [DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Miskulin
- Department of Medicine; Tufts University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Daniel E. Weiner
- Department of Medicine; Tufts University School of Medicine; Boston Massachusetts
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Dahlmann A, Dörfelt K, Eicher F, Linz P, Kopp C, Mössinger I, Horn S, Büschges-Seraphin B, Wabel P, Hammon M, Cavallaro A, Eckardt KU, Kotanko P, Levin NW, Johannes B, Uder M, Luft FC, Müller DN, Titze JM. Magnetic resonance-determined sodium removal from tissue stores in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2015; 87:434-41. [PMID: 25100048 PMCID: PMC4932096 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that sodium is stored in skin and muscle. The amounts stored in hemodialysis (HD) patients are unknown. We determined whether (23)Na magnetic resonance imaging (sodium-MRI) allows assessment of tissue sodium and its removal in 24 HD patients and 27 age-matched healthy controls. We also studied 20 HD patients before and shortly after HD with a batch dialysis system with direct measurement of sodium in dialysate and ultrafiltrate. Age was associated with higher tissue sodium content in controls. This increase was paralleled by an age-dependent decrease of circulating levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). Older (>60 years) HD patients showed increased sodium and water in skin and muscle and lower VEGF-C levels compared with age-matched controls. After HD, patients with low VEGF-C levels had significantly higher skin sodium content compared with patients with high VEGF-C levels (low VEGF-C: 2.3 ng/ml and skin sodium: 24.3 mmol/l; high VEGF-C: 4.1 ng/ml and skin sodium: 18.2 mmol/l). Thus, sodium-MRI quantitatively detects sodium stored in skin and muscle in humans and allows studying sodium storage reduction in ESRD patients. Age and VEGF-C-related local tissue-specific clearance mechanisms may determine the efficacy of tissue sodium removal with HD. Prospective trials on the relationship between tissue sodium content and hard end points could provide new insights into sodium homeostasis, and clarify whether increased sodium storage is a cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Dahlmann
- 1] Junior Research Group 2, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany [2] Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Dörfelt
- Junior Research Group 2, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Eicher
- Junior Research Group 2, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Linz
- Junior Research Group 2, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kopp
- 1] Junior Research Group 2, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany [2] Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Irina Mössinger
- Junior Research Group 2, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Horn
- Kuratorium für Heimdialyse und Nierentransplantation e.V., Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Peter Wabel
- Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammon
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Cavallaro
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Bernd Johannes
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- 1] Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany [2] Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens M Titze
- 1] Junior Research Group 2, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany [2] Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Esposito P, Dal Canton A. Clinical audit, a valuable tool to improve quality of care: General methodology and applications in nephrology. World J Nephrol 2014; 3:249-255. [PMID: 25374819 PMCID: PMC4220358 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v3.i4.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Evaluation and improvement of quality of care provided to the patients are of crucial importance in the daily clinical practice and in the health policy planning and financing. Different tools have been developed, including incident analysis, health technology assessment and clinical audit. The clinical audit consist of measuring a clinical outcome or a process, against well-defined standards set on the principles of evidence-based medicine in order to identify the changes needed to improve the quality of care. In particular, patients suffering from chronic renal diseases, present many problems that have been set as topics for clinical audit projects, such as hypertension, anaemia and mineral metabolism management. Although the results of these studies have been encouraging, demonstrating the effectiveness of audit, overall the present evidence is not clearly in favour of clinical audit. These findings call attention to the need to further studies to validate this methodology in different operating scenarios. This review examines the principle of clinical audit, focusing on experiences performed in nephrology settings.
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Mc Causland FR, Waikar SS, Brunelli SM. The relevance of dietary sodium in hemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:797-802. [PMID: 23129821 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the earliest days of hemodialysis, dietary sodium restriction has been recommended as a therapeutic means to mitigate problems of extracellular volume overload, hypertension and inter-dialytic weight gain. Recently, there has been a proliferation of human subjects' research examining the potential effects of dietary sodium curtailment. Herein we examine the available evidence with respect to the effects of dietary sodium restriction on clinically relevant endpoints among hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finnian R Mc Causland
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Vanholder R. The ultimate salt war? Uraemic toxins are all that count in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27:62-6. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Translating knowledge on best practice into improving quality of RRT care: a systematic review of implementation strategies. Kidney Int 2011; 80:1021-34. [PMID: 21775971 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies showed wide variation in the extent to which guidelines and other types of best practice have been implemented as part of routine health care. This is also true for the delivery of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for ESRD patients. Increasing uptake of best practice within such complex care systems requires an understanding of implementation strategies and specific quality improvement (QI) techniques. Therefore, we systematically reviewed over 5000 titles published since 1990 and included papers describing planned attempts to accelerate uptake of best RRT practice into daily care. This resulted in a list of 93 QI initiatives, categorized in order to expedite shared learning. The majority of the initiatives were executed within the domains of vascular access, nutrition, and anemia management. Strategies oriented at patients were most common and many initiatives pre-defined an improvement target before starting implementation. Of the 93 initiatives, 22 were sufficiently robust methodologically to be analyzed in more detail. Our results tend to support previous findings that multifaceted strategies are more effective than single strategies. Improving our understanding of how to successfully implement best practice can inform system-level change and is the only way to close the gap between knowledge on what works and the actual care delivered to ESRD patients. Research into implementation, using specific QI techniques, should therefore be given priority in future.
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Blood pressure in chronic kidney disease stage 5D—report from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes controversies conference. Kidney Int 2010; 77:273-84. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chazot C. Can chronic volume overload be recognized and prevented in hemodialysis patients? Use of a restricted-salt diet. Semin Dial 2009; 22:482-6. [PMID: 19744154 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-139x.2009.00642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Nemati E, Ghanbarpour F, Taheri S, Einollahi B. Prevalence of hypertension among Iranian hemodialysis patients and associated risk factors: a nationwide multicenter study. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:910-4. [PMID: 18814655 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.910.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to document the prevalence of HTN and characterize risk factors associated with HTN in Iranian hemodialysis patients. Three hundred and thirty seven HD patients from 5 university based HD centers around Iran were enrolled in the study. Urea reduction ratio was calculated using formula: 100 * (1-(urea before HD/urea after HD)). Pearson Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and one way ANOVA were used for evaluations, where appropriate. Multivariate logistic regression model was used for defining independent risk factors. Two sided p < 0.05 were considered significant. Patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension as causes of ESRD significantly were more likely to have hypertension before and after dialysis (p < 0.05). Patients with conventional thrice weekly dialysis (compared to twice), hemodialysis duration of more that 6 months, acetate type of dialysate, ESRD cause when diabetes mellitus and hypertension, were significantly associated with having pre-HD hypertension. We also found that hemodialysis center of the capital city had a significant better measures compared to other cities (p < 0.05). This study revealed a relatively acceptable prevalence of hypertension in our HD population. Nevertheless, because of higher prevalence of HTN in HD centers out of capital city, it seems necessary that we should urgently pay more attention in promotion of these centers toward achieving better outcome with implementing strict guidelines to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eghlim Nemati
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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