1
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Di Santo D, Bramati C, Festa BM, Pace GM, Comini LV, Luparello P, Cascardi E, Galizia D, Galli A, De Virgilio A, Giordano L, Bondi S. Current evidence on diagnosis and treatment of parotid gland lymphomas: a systematic review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:5219-5227. [PMID: 37638999 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08206-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parotid gland lymphoma (PGL) is a rare and challenging diagnosis. Different lymphomas can develop in the parotid gland, with the most common being the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, which originates directly from the glandular parenchyma. Other histologic subtypes arise from both intraglandular and extraglandular parotid lymph nodes. A consensus on diagnosis and treatment of PGL is still lacking, and published data is scarce and heterogeneous. METHODS We performed a systematic review of the literature, including studies published after 2001, when the WHO classification of lymphoid tumours was introduced. RESULTS Twenty retrospective studies were included in the analyses, eight of which focused exclusively on MALT lymphomas. Final analysis included 612 cases of PGL, with a 1.68:1 F/M ratio. MALT lymphoma was the most common histology, followed by follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Most cases were low stages (IE/IIE acc. Ann Arbour, 76.5%) and only 10% of patients presented with symptoms, most commonly pain (4.8%) and B symptoms (2.2%). A high prevalence of associated autoimmune diseases was found, particularly Sjögren's syndrome, that affected up to 70% of patients with MALT lymphoma. In most cases diagnosis was achieved through parotidectomy (57.5%), or open biopsy (31.2%). Treatment strategies were either surgical, non-surgical or a combination of modalities. Surgery as a single-modality treatment was reported in about 20% of patients, supposing it might be a valuable option for selected patients. CONCLUSIONS Our review showed that the diagnosis and treatment of PGLs is far from being standardized and needs further, more homogeneous reports to reach consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Di Santo
- Head and Neck Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Chiara Bramati
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Division of Head and Neck Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Bianca Maria Festa
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Pace
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Luparello
- Head and Neck Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Eliano Cascardi
- Pathology Unit, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Danilo Galizia
- Multidisciplinary Oncology Outpatient Clinic, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
| | - Andrea Galli
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Division of Head and Neck Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Armando De Virgilio
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Leone Giordano
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Division of Head and Neck Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bondi
- Head and Neck Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, TO, Italy
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2
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Yoshino T, Takata K, Tanaka T, Sato Y, Tari A, Okada H. Recent progress in follicular lymphoma in Japan and characteristics of the duodenal type. Pathol Int 2018; 68:665-676. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yoshino
- Department of Pathology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Okayama Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pathology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Okayama Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Okayama Japan
| | - Yasuharu Sato
- Division of Pathophysiology; Okayama University Graduate School of Health Science; Okayama Japan
| | - Akira Tari
- Division of Gastroenterology; Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic-bomb Survivor Hospital; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science; Okayama Japan
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3
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Itami H, Nakamine H, Takeda M, Nakai T, Myojin T, Matsuoka M, Sasaki S, Uchiyama T, Morita K, Fujii T, Hatakeyama K, Ohbayashi C. Immunohistochemical Reappraisal Regarding the Frequency of Primary Salivary Gland Follicular Lymphoma. Int J Surg Pathol 2018; 27:48-54. [PMID: 29972093 DOI: 10.1177/1066896918784349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been described that extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphomas) are the most common type among primary salivary gland lymphomas (SGLs), some studies revealed that the frequency of follicular lymphomas (FLs) was as high as that of MALT lymphomas. However, it has been reported that many of these FLs may have developed in lymph nodes attached to the capsule of the glands or intraglandular lymph nodes. Clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic features of 11 SGL cases, which were extracted from our surgical pathology file consisting of consecutive pathology cases, were reevaluated to further characterize whether they were actually primary SGLs. There were 3 (27%) cases of FLs, 5 (46%) cases of MALT lymphomas, and 3 (27%) cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Although all of our FL cases fulfilled the criteria of primary SGL, tumors of several FL cases were surrounded by podoplanin (by D2-40)-positive elongated vessels or linear structures indicative of nodal subcapsular sinuses (open or remnant). This finding would support the aforementioned possibility, and podoplanin staining is necessary before concluding that a FL is a primary SGL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maiko Takeda
- 1 Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,3 National Hospital Organization Kinki-chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
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4
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Abstract
Purpose This meta-analysis aimed to review the published outcomes of parotid
non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) pertaining to different treatment modalities. Materials and Methods A total of 48 journal articles published between 1993 and 2015, comprising
742 cases of parotid NHL, were initially evaluated. In total, 108 patients
from 12 studies who had sufficient data for analysis, including age, tumor
histopathology, treatment modality, and outcome at final follow-up, were
included. Patients were randomly assigned to different categories on the
basis of histopathology and treatment modality. Groups were compared using
Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and the Mann-Whitney U
test. Results Log-rank tests demonstrated that for early-stage (I and II) parotid NHL of
all histopathology variants, radiation therapy significantly improved the
survival rate versus chemotherapy (P = .043), as well as
combined treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy
(P = .023). For early-stage diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma, combined treatment significantly improved survival versus single
treatment (P = .028). No treatment was received by seven
patients with early-stage mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma after
undergoing parotidectomy. When the clinical outcomes of these patients were
compared with those of other patients with the same histology who underwent
further treatment, no significant differences were noted in survival
outcomes. Conclusion Radiation therapy seems to be a valid treatment of early-stage parotid NHL.
However, for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, survival was higher with
combined treatment versus single treatment. For early-stage parotid
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, complete excision of the tumor
through superficial parotidectomy may have similar survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basem Jamal
- Basem Jamal, King Abdulazziz University, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Shimono J, Miyoshi H, Kamimura T, Eto T, Miyagishima T, Sasaki Y, Kurita D, Kawamoto K, Nagafuji K, Seto M, Teshima T, Ohshima K. Clinicopathological features of primary splenic follicular lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2017; 96:2063-2070. [PMID: 28975390 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-017-3139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a low-grade lymphoma that is usually characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy. Extranodal invasion by FL generally involves the bone marrow, skin, and duodenum; splenic infiltration often occurs in the advanced stages. However, primary splenic FL is very rare. Hence, few studies have been performed on splenic FL, and its clinicopathological features have not been established. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of primary splenic FL, as compared to nodal FL. We analyzed 17 patients diagnosed with primary splenic FL and 153 control patients with systemic FL. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive status was significantly more common in patients with splenic FL than in the control patients (p = 0.02). Ann Arbor stage III or IV (p = 0.0003) and high-risk FLIPI (Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index) (p = 0.03) were significantly less common in patients with splenic FL than in the control patients; however, the overall and progression-free survival curves were not significantly different between the groups. Among the 17 patients with splenic FL, the progression-free survival was significantly worse in patients who underwent splenectomy without receiving postoperative chemotherapy than in those who did (p = 0.03). These results suggest that primary splenic FL should be considered different from systemic FL; accordingly, its management should also be conducted differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Shimono
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, 67, Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.,Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, 67, Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
| | | | - Tetsuya Eto
- Department of Hematology, Hamanomachi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Yuya Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, 67, Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurita
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, 67, Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawamoto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, 67, Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Koji Nagafuji
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Masao Seto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, 67, Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kurume University, 67, Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan
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6
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Di Napoli A, Mallel G, Bartolazzi A, Cavalieri E, Becelli R, Cippitelli C, Ruco L. Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma in a Warthin Tumor of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Surg Pathol 2016; 23:419-23. [PMID: 26169920 DOI: 10.1177/1066896915582263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) associated with Warthin tumor (WT) is extremely rare, accounting for only 3 cases of classical HLs. Here, we report for the first time the occurrence of a nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) involving the lymphoid stroma of a WT of the parotid gland. Pathogenesis of WT is controversial, with both a nodal and a parenchymal possible origin. On the other hand, extranodal involvement by HLs is uncommon. In our case, the coexistence of a WT and of a NLPHL within its stroma and in cervical lymph node emphasizes the importance of a careful evaluation of the lymphoid tissue in WT in order to exclude the possibility of an associated lymphoid malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luigi Ruco
- Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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7
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Shashidara R, Prasad PR, Jaishankar, Joseph T. Follicular lymphoma of the submandibular salivary gland. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2014; 18:S163-6. [PMID: 25364171 PMCID: PMC4211230 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.141382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are neoplastic diseases of lymph nodes. Lymphoma of the salivary gland is rare accounting for less than 5% of lymphomas overall. Furthermore, lymphomas arising in the submandibular gland are reported to comprise 916% of all salivary gland lymphomas. Among lymphomas originating from salivary glands, the ratio of follicular lymphoma is very low. They can also be seen in the lymph nodes of the salivary glands which is an uncommon presentation. Here, we present a case follicular lymphoma which presented as a salivary gland tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Shashidara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyanka R. Prasad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Jaishankar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Thomas Joseph
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
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8
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Hsu YC, Lin YT, Yeh DW, Wang CP. Follicular Lymphoma in Bilateral Submandibular Glands and Thyroid Gland. J Med Ultrasound 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmu.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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9
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Vazquez A, Khan MN, Sanghvi S, Patel NR, Caputo JL, Baredes S, Eloy JA. Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the salivary glands: A population-based study from 1994 to 2009. Head Neck 2014; 37:18-22. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Vazquez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Mohemmed N. Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Saurin Sanghvi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Neal R. Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Joseph L. Caputo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
- Division of Otolaryngology; Department of Surgery - Veterans Affairs Health Care System of New Jersey; East Orange; New Jersey
| | - Soly Baredes
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery; Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
| | - Jean Anderson Eloy
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery; Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School; Newark New Jersey
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10
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Stacchini A, Aliberti S, Pacchioni D, Demurtas A, Isolato G, Gazzera C, Veltri A, Maletta F, Molinaro L, Novero D. Flow cytometry significantly improves the diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration cytology of lymphoproliferative lesions of salivary glands. Cytopathology 2013; 25:231-40. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Stacchini
- Flow Cytometry Unit; Diagnostic Laboratory Department; Citta' della Salute e della Scienza; Turin Italy
| | - S. Aliberti
- Flow Cytometry Unit; Diagnostic Laboratory Department; Citta' della Salute e della Scienza; Turin Italy
| | - D. Pacchioni
- Pathology Service; Diagnostic Laboratory Department; Citta' della Salute e della Scienza; Turin Italy
| | - A. Demurtas
- Flow Cytometry Unit; Diagnostic Laboratory Department; Citta' della Salute e della Scienza; Turin Italy
| | - G. Isolato
- Diagnostic Imaging Department; Citta' della Salute e della Scienza; Turin Italy
| | - C. Gazzera
- Diagnostic Imaging Department; Citta' della Salute e della Scienza; Turin Italy
| | - A. Veltri
- Diagnostic Imaging Department; San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital; Orbassano Turin Italy
| | - F. Maletta
- Pathology Service; Diagnostic Laboratory Department; Citta' della Salute e della Scienza; Turin Italy
| | - L. Molinaro
- Pathology Service; Diagnostic Laboratory Department; Citta' della Salute e della Scienza; Turin Italy
| | - D. Novero
- Pathology Service; Diagnostic Laboratory Department; Citta' della Salute e della Scienza; Turin Italy
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11
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Salivary gland lymphoproliferative disorders: a Canadian tertiary center experience. Head Neck Pathol 2013; 7:381-8. [PMID: 23821219 PMCID: PMC3824808 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-013-0468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland lymphoproliferative disorders (SGLD) are very rare tumors and clinicopathological data is sparse. In a Canadian series of 30 cases, extracted from the surgical pathology files of The Ottawa Hospital between 1990 and 2010, a clinical, histopathological, and immunophenotypic analysis was conducted. Tumors were staged using the Ann Arbor staging and classified using the World Health Organization 2008 classification. There were 15 salivary gland (SG) primary lymphomas with localized disease, predominantly mucosa associated lymphoid tissue type marginal zone lymphoma (MALT-L), but with a significant incidence of low grade follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B cell phenotype as well. There were 7 systemic SG lymphomas and 5 patients were diagnosed with lymphoproliferative disorders originating from intra-parotid lymph nodes. Finally, the remaining 3 cases represented reactive sialadenitis. A literature review was conducted and our primary lymphoma group was compared to those from other countries. SGLDs are predominantly B cell lymphomas that develop in older adults. Primary tumors, which have MALT-L and low grade FL characteristics, have a favorable survival, however MALT-L have a high rate of relapse. A minority of SG lesions are excised secondary to lymphomas that definitely arose from intra-parotid lymph nodes.
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12
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Yanagawa N, Osakabe M, Furuse H, Maeda K, Tamura G. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma arising from an intraglandular lymph node in the parotid gland: a case report and literature review. Pathol Int 2011; 62:60-4. [PMID: 22192806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
T/NK-cell lymphoma of the salivary gland is rare. A 58-year-old man complained of a tumor mass in the left parotid gland region and he was diagnosed to have a left parotid tumor. The tumor was subsequently resected, revealing a diffuse growth pattern of medium to large sized atypical cells. The tumor was surrounded by fibrous connective tissue in the form of a capsule, and those were positive for CD3, CD4, CD5 and CD30, but negative for Bcl2, CD8, CD10, CD15, CD20, CD25, CD56, CD79a, CD246, EMA, granzyme B, TdT and TIA-1. There was no molecular evidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. It was diagnosed as peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) arising from an intraglandular lymph node in the parotid gland. In conclusion, Only 17 cases of primary T/NK-cell lymphoma of the salivary glands have been recorded until now, and the characteristics of these are not clear yet. Additional study is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata, Japan.
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13
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Asai S, Okami K, Nakamura N, Ogawa Y, Ohta Y, Ogase Y, Jin G, Matsushita H, Miyachi H. The tortoiseshell pattern in one or both sides of the submandibular glands in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is related to chromosomal aberrations and the disease extent. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2010; 29:111-115. [PMID: 20040782 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2010.29.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lesions of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in the submandibular glands are localized or a part of systemic involvement in association with chromosomal aberrations. This series was undertaken to investigate the sonographic features of MALT lymphoma in the submandibular glands and their relationships with chromosomal aberrations and the disease extent. METHODS A total of 5 patients with MALT lymphoma without Sjögren syndrome in the submandibular glands were enrolled in this series. Patients underwent sonography of the submandibular glands with a high-resolution transducer before surgical biopsy of the main lesion. Sonographic characteristics of the lesions were described for their location, presence of a posterior echo, texture, and presence of an internal echo. RESULTS Sonography in all cases showed hypoechoic and solid masses with increased posterior echo enhancement. There was an arrangement of hypoechoic small compartments demarcated by hyperechoic contour lines, which had a tortoiseshell pattern. This pattern was classified into 2 types according to its location: a lesion in the right or left side and lesions in both sides of the submandibular glands, found in 3 and 2 patients, respectively. The latter 2 cases had chromosomal aberrations of t(11;18)(q23;q23) and t(12;18)(q22;q21), respectively, and were revealed as secondary organ involvement. CONCLUSIONS The sonographic appearance of MALT lymphoma in the submandibular glands was characterized by the tortoiseshell pattern in both primary and secondary lesions. Detection of this pattern in both sides of the submandibular glands can be an indicator of chromosomal aberrations and systematic involvement of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Asai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
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14
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Costes V. Pathologie lymphoïde de la tête et du cou. Ann Pathol 2009; 29:323-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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Chua SC, Rozalli FI, O'Connor SR. Imaging features of primary extranodal lymphomas. Clin Radiol 2008; 64:574-88. [PMID: 19414080 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lymphomas are generally considered tumours of lymph nodes, but up to 40% arise extranodally. This group shows distinctive pathological, radiological, and clinical features. Different subtypes of extranodal lymphoma may show sufficiently specific radiological features to be of significant value in both establishing a diagnosis of lymphoma and ascertaining the exact subtype. Rapidly evolving lymphoma classifications and emergence of new entities have, however, hampered the accurate description of these features in the literature. In this review, we discuss the radiological appearances, using a variety of imaging methods, of the full spectrum of primary extranodal lymphomas, categorized according to the current World Health Organisation classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Chua
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET, and Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
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16
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Kojima M, Shimizu K, Nishikawa M, Tamaki Y, Ito H, Tsukamoto N, Masawa N. Primary salivary gland lymphoma among Japanese: A clinicopathological study of 30 cases. Leuk Lymphoma 2007; 48:1793-8. [PMID: 17786716 DOI: 10.1080/10428190701528509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the clinicopathological findings of primary salivary gland lymphoma as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, 30 Japanese patients with this disease were studied. The male to female ratio was 1:1.7 and median patient age was 57 years. The parotid gland (n = 22) was involved most frequently, followed by the submandibular gland (n = 5) and minor salivary gland (n = 3). Twenty-four (80%) cases demonstrated Stage IE, whereas only six (20%) had Stage IIE-1. None of the 30 cases had "B" symptoms or a poor performance status. The 5-year overall survival of 31 cases was 96% and 5-year failure-free survival was 77%. Histologically, 15 cases were mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, seven were follicular lymphoma (FL), and six were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) + MALT lymphoma and only two were DLBCL without a MALT lymphoma component. MALT lymphoma is the most frequent type of primary salivary gland lymphoma. However, FL comprised 20% of primary salivary gland lymphoma. The majority of the primary salivary gland DLBCL appear to arise from MALT type lymphoma. When appropriate therapy for histologic subtype is used, outcome of the primary salivary gland B-cell lymphoma appears excellent whether histologically indolent or aggressive.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/mortality
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/mortality
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms/therapy
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kojima
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, Gunma Cancer Center Hospital, Ohta, Japan.
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17
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Inagaki H. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: molecular pathogenesis and clinicopathological significance. Pathol Int 2007; 57:474-84. [PMID: 17610471 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a low-grade tumor closely associated with chronic inflammation such as that of Helicobacter pylori gastritis, Sjogren's syndrome, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Tumor regression by H. pylori eradication alone is well known in gastric MALT lymphoma, but some tumors occur in the absence of pre-existing chronic inflammation. The understanding of MALT lymphoma biology has significantly improved, and recurrent cytogenetic alterations have been detected. These include the trisomies 3 and 18, and the translocations t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32), t(14;18)(q32;q21), and t(3;14)(p14.1;q32). At least some of these alterations result in the constitutive activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway, and may exert anti-apoptotic action. Apoptosis inhibitor 2-MALT lymphoma-associated translocation 1 (API12-MALT1) fusion, resulting from t(11;18)(q21;q21), is specific to, and is the most common in, MALT lymphomas, and its clinicopathological significance has been studied extensively. The focus of the present review is on the recent progress made in elucidating MALT lymphomagenesis and its clinicopathological impact, especially in terms of the effect of API2-MALT1 fusion on this unique tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Inagaki
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
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