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Sun C, Pei Z, Zhang M, Sun B, Yang L, Zhao Z, Cheng R, Luo F. Recovered insulin production after thiamine administration in permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus with a novel solute carrier family 19 member 2 (SLC19A2) mutation. J Diabetes 2018; 10:50-58. [PMID: 28371426 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier family 19 member 2 (SLC19A2) gene deficiency is one of the causes of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) and can be effectively managed by thiamine supplementation. Herein we report on a male patient with a novel SLC19A2 mutation and summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with SLC19A2 deficiency. METHODS The genetic diagnosis of the patient with PNDM was made by sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The clinical characteristics of PNDM were summarized on the basis of a systematic review of the literature. RESULTS The patient with PNDM had c.848G>A (p.W283X) homozygous mutation in SLC19A2. His father had a wild-type SLC19A2 (c.848G) and his mother was c.848G/A heterozygous. The patient and his father both had a diploid genotype (c.848A/A and c.848G/G). After oral thiamine administration, the patient's fasting C-peptide levels increased gradually, and there was a marked decrease in insulin requirements. A search of the literature revealed that thiamine treatment was effective and improved diabetes in 63% of patients with SLC19A2 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS A novel SLC19A2 mutation (c.848G>A; p.W283X) was identified, which was most likely inherited as segmental uniparental isodisomy. Insulin insufficiency in PNDM caused by SLC19A2 deficiency can be corrected by thiamine supplementation. The differential diagnosis of SLC19A2 deficiency should be considered in children with PNDM accompanied by anemia or hearing defects to allow for early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Pei
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaoying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bijun Sun
- The Molecular Genetic Diagnosis Center, Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Molecular Genetic Diagnosis Center, Pediatrics Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuhui Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoqian Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feihong Luo
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ortigoza Escobar JD, Pérez Dueñas B. Treatable Inborn Errors of Metabolism Due to Membrane Vitamin Transporters Deficiency. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2016; 23:341-350. [PMID: 28284395 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
B vitamins act as cofactors for strategic metabolic processes. The SLC19 gene family of solute carriers has a significant structural similarity, transporting substrates with different structure and ionic charge. Three proteins of this family are expressed ubiquitously and mediate the transport of 2 important water-soluble vitamins, folate, and thiamine. SLC19A1 transports folate and SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 transport thiamine. PCFT and FOLR1 ensure intestinal absorption and transport of folate through the blood-brain barrier and SLC19A25 transports thiamine into the mitochondria. Several damaging genetic defects in vitamin B transport and metabolism have been reported. The most relevant feature of thiamine and folate transport defects is that both of them are treatable disorders. In this article, we discuss the biology and transport of thiamine and folate, as well as the clinical phenotype of the genetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Darío Ortigoza Escobar
- Department of Child Neurology, Pediatric Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez Dueñas
- Department of Child Neurology, Pediatric Research Institute, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Neuwirth AK, Sahai I, Falcone JF, Fleming J, Bagg A, Borgna-Pignatti C, Casey R, Fabris L, Hexner E, Mathews L, Ribeiro ML, Wierenga KJ, Neufeld EJ. Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia: identification of novel compound heterozygotes and mutation update. J Pediatr 2009; 155:888-892.e1. [PMID: 19643445 PMCID: PMC2858590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine causative mutations and clinical status of 7 previously unreported kindreds with TRMA syndrome, (thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia, online Mendelian inheritance in man, no. 249270), a recessive disorder of thiamine transporter Slc19A2. STUDY DESIGN Genomic DNA was purified from blood, and SLC19A2 mutations were characterized by sequencing polymerase chain reaction-amplified coding regions and intron-exon boundaries of all probands. Compound heterozygotes were further analyzed by sequencing parents, or cloning patient genomic DNA, to ascertain that mutations were in trans. RESULTS We detected 9 novel SLC19A2 mutations. Of these, 5 were missense, 3 were nonsense, and 1 was insertion. Five patients from 4 kindreds were compound heterozygotes, a finding not reported previously for this disorder, which has mostly been found in consanguineous kindreds. CONCLUSION SLC19A2 mutation sites in TRMA are heterogeneous; with no regional "hot spots." TRMA can be caused by heterozygous compound mutations; in these cases, the disorder is found in outbred populations. To the extent that heterozygous patients were ascertained at older ages, a plausible explanation is that if one or more allele(s) is not null, partial function might be preserved. Phenotypic variability may lead to underdiagnosis or diagnostic delay, as the average time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 8 years in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke K. Neuwirth
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Inderneel Sahai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jill F. Falcone
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy Fleming
- Translational Research Program, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam Bagg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Robin Casey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children’s Hospital & University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Hexner
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Lulu Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College Calicut, Kerala, India
| | | | - Klaas J. Wierenga
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Florida
| | - Ellis J. Neufeld
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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Kurtoglu S, Hatipoglu N, Keskin M, Kendirci M, Akcakus M. Thiamine withdrawal can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis in thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia: report of two siblings. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2008; 21:393-7. [PMID: 18556972 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2008.21.4.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (TRMA), an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the deficiency of thiamine transporter protein, is the association of diabetes mellitus, anemia and deafness. Pharmacological dose thiamine normalizes hematological abnormalities and their effects on the course of diabetes mellitus. We report on 8 years follow up of two siblings with TRMA. They presented in the prepubertal period with diabetic ketoacidosis due to lack of thiamine supplementation for 2 months. Their insulin requirements fell rapidly and disappeared with thiamine therapy. Hematological parameters normalized within 30 days. The diabetic picture is responsive to thiamine treatment in patients with TRMA. Insulin dependent diabetes may occur throughout the pubertal period. If thiamine supplementation is not sufficient, ketoacidosis may develop in patients during the prepubertal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Kurtoglu
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Bellyei S, Szigeti A, Boronkai A, Szabo Z, Bene J, Janaky T, Barna L, Sipos K, Minik O, Kravjak A, Ohmacht R, Melegh B, Zavodszky P, Than GN, Sumegi B, Bohn H, Than NG. Cloning, sequencing, structural and molecular biological characterization of placental protein 20 (PP20)/human thiamin pyrophosphokinase (hTPK). Placenta 2005; 26:34-46. [PMID: 15664409 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2004.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Full-length cDNAs of placental protein 20 (PP20) were cloned by screening a human placental cDNA library, which encode a 243 amino acid protein, identical to human thiamin pyrophosphokinase (hTPK) as confirmed by protein sequence analysis. Genomic alignment showed that the PP20/hTPK gene contains 9 exons. It is abundantly expressed in placenta, as numerous EST clones were identified. As thiamine metabolism deficiencies have been seen in placental infarcts previously, these indicate that PP20/hTPK may have a role in placental diseases. Analysis of the 1kb promoter region showed numerous putative transcription factor binding sites, which might be responsible for the ubiquitous PP20/hTPK expression. This may also be in accordance with the presence of the protein in tissues responsible for the regulation of the exquisite balance between cell division, differentiation and survival. TPK activity of the purified and recombinant protein was proved by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. By Western blot, PP20/hTPK was found in all human normal and tumorous adult and fetal tissues in nearly equal amounts, but not in sera. By immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent confocal imaging methods, diffuse labelling in the cytoplasm of the syncytiotrophoblasts and weak staining of the trophoblasts were observed, and the amount of PP20/hTPK decreased from the first trimester to the end of gestation. A 3D model of PP20/hTPK was computed (PDB No.: 1OLY) by homology modelling. A high degree of structural homology showed that the thiamin binding site was highly similar to that of the mouse enzyme, but highly different from the bacterial ones. Comparison of the catalytic centre sequences revealed differences, raising the possibility of designing new drugs which specifically inhibit bacterial and fungal enzymes without affecting PP20/hTPK and offering the possibility for safe antimicrobial therapy during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sz Bellyei
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Lagarde WH, Underwood LE, Moats-Staats BM, Calikoglu AS. Novel mutation in theSLC19A2 gene in an African-American female with thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 125A:299-305. [PMID: 14994241 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.20506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diabetes mellitus (DM), progressive sensorineural deafness, and thiamine-responsive anemia. Mutations in the SLC19A2 gene encoding a high-affinity thiamine transporter protein THTR-1 are responsible for the clinical features associated with TRMA syndrome. We report an African-American female with TRMA-syndrome associated with thyroid disease and retinitis pigmentosa caused by a novel mutation in the SLC19A2 gene. The patient presented at 12 months of age with paroxysmal atrial tachycardia and hepatosplenomegaly. One month later, she developed DM requiring intermittent insulin therapy. At 2-1/2 years of age, profound sensorineural hearing loss was discovered. By 4 years of age, daily insulin therapy (0.5 U/kg/day) was instituted and her insulin requirement gradually increased to 1.0 U/kg/day by 9 years of age. She developed optic atrophy, retinitis pigmentosa, and visual impairment by 12 years of age with severe restriction of peripheral vision by 16 years. At age 19, a thiamine-responsive normocytic anemia was discovered. She was diagnosed with autoimmune thyroiditis at 20 years and she experienced a psychotic episode associated with a mood disorder at age 21. With oral thiamine therapy, her insulin requirement decreased by 30% over a 20 month period. Molecular analysis revealed that the patient is homozygous for a missense mutation (C152T) in exon 1 of the SLC19A2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Lagarde
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7039, USA.
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Said HM, Ortiz A, Subramanian VS, Neufeld EJ, Moyer MP, Dudeja PK. Mechanism of thiamine uptake by human colonocytes: studies with cultured colonic epithelial cell line NCM460. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001; 281:G144-50. [PMID: 11408266 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.1.g144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B(1)) is essential for normal cellular functions and growth. Mammals cannot synthesize thiamine and thus must obtain the vitamin via intestinal absorption. The intestine is exposed to a dietary thiamine source and a bacterial source in which the vitamin is synthesized by the normal microflora of the large intestine. Very little is known about thiamine uptake in the large intestine. The aim of this study was, therefore, to address this issue. Our results with human-derived colonic epithelial NCM460 cells as a model system showed thiamine uptake to be 1) temperature- and energy dependent, 2) Na(+) independent, 3) increased with increasing buffer pH from 5 to 8 and after cell acidification but inhibited by amiloride, 4) saturable as a function of concentration, 5) inhibited by thiamine structural analogs but not by unrelated organic cations, and 6) inhibited by modulators of a Ca(2+)/calmodulin-mediated pathway. NCM460 cells and native human colonic mucosa expressed the recently cloned human thiamine transporter THTR-1 (product of the SLC19A2 gene) at both mRNA and protein levels. These results demonstrate for the first time that human NCM460 colonocytes possess a specific carrier-mediated system for thiamine uptake that appears to be under the regulation of an intracellular Ca(2+)/calmodulin-mediated pathway. It is suggested that bacterially synthesized thiamine in the large intestine may contribute to thiamine nutrition of the host, especially toward cellular nutrition of the local colonocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Said
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California 90822, USA.
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Gritli S, Omar S, Tartaglini E, Guannouni S, Fleming JC, Steinkamp MP, Berul CI, Hafsia R, Jilani SB, Belhani A, Hamdi M, Neufeld EJ. A novel mutation in the SLC19A2 gene in a Tunisian family with thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia, diabetes and deafness syndrome. Br J Haematol 2001; 113:508-13. [PMID: 11380424 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia (TRMA) syndrome with diabetes and deafness was found in two patients from a Tunisian kindred. The proband was homozygous for a novel mutation, 287delG, in the high-affinity thiamine transporter gene, SLC19A2. We demonstrated that fibroblasts from this patient exhibited defective thiamine transport. These data confirm that the SLC19A2 gene is the high-affinity thiamine carrier and that this novel mutation is responsible for TRMA syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gritli
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston 02115, USA
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Said HM, Ortiz A, Kumar CK, Chatterjee N, Dudeja PK, Rubin S. Transport of thiamine in human intestine: mechanism and regulation in intestinal epithelial cell model Caco-2. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 277:C645-51. [PMID: 10516094 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1999.277.4.c645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the intestinal uptake of thiamine (vitamin B(1)) using the human-derived intestinal epithelial cells Caco-2 as an in vitro model system. Thiamine uptake was found to be 1) temperature and energy dependent and occurred with minimal metabolic alteration; 2) pH sensitive; 3) Na(+) independent; 4) saturable as a function of concentration with an apparent Michaelis-Menten constant of 3.18 +/- 0.56 microM and maximal velocity of 13.37 +/- 0.94 pmol. mg protein(-1). 3 min(-1); 5) inhibited by the thiamine structural analogs amprolium and oxythiamine, but not by unrelated organic cations tetraethylammonium, N-methylnicotinamide, and choline; and 6) inhibited in a competitive manner by amiloride with an inhibition constant of 0.2 mM. The role of specific protein kinase-mediated pathways in the regulation of thiamine uptake by Caco-2 cells was also examined using specific modulators of these pathways. The results showed possible involvement of a Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-mediated pathway in the regulation of thiamine uptake. No role for protein kinase C- and protein tyrosine kinase-mediated pathways in the regulation of thiamine uptake was evident. These results demonstrate the involvement of a carrier-mediated system for thiamine uptake by Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. This system is Na(+) independent and is different from the transport systems of organic cations. Furthermore, a CaM-mediated pathway appears to play a role in regulating thiamine uptake in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Said
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, 90822, USA.
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Sensitivity to Thiamine Deficiency in Cultured Human Cells is Dependent on Cell Type and is Enhanced in Cells From Thiamine-Responsive Megaloblastic Anemia Patients 11This work was supported by Grant AA10433 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and in part by the Vanderbilt Clinical Research Center (CRR-GCRC 5MO1RR00095) and the John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development through a core grant (P30-HD15052) from NICHHD. J Nutr Biochem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(97)00187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Neufeld EJ, Mandel H, Raz T, Szargel R, Yandava CN, Stagg A, Fauré S, Barrett T, Buist N, Cohen N. Localization of the gene for thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome, on the long arm of chromosome 1, by homozygosity mapping. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61:1335-41. [PMID: 9399900 PMCID: PMC1716091 DOI: 10.1086/301642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia, also known as "TRMA" or "Rogers syndrome," is an early-onset autosomal recessive disorder defined by the occurrence of megaloblastic anemia, diabetes mellitus, and sensorineural deafness, responding in varying degrees to thiamine treatment. On the basis of a linkage analysis of affected families of Alaskan and of Italian origin, we found, using homozygosity mapping, that the TRMA-syndrome gene maps to a region on chromosome 1q23.2-23.3 (maximum LOD score of 3.7 for D1S1679). By use of additional consanguineous kindreds of Israeli-Arab origin, the putative disease-gene interval also has been confirmed and narrowed, suggesting genetic homogeneity. Linkage analysis generated the highest combined LOD-score value, 8.1 at a recombination fraction of 0, with marker D1S2799. Haplotype analysis and recombination events narrowed the TRMA locus to a 16-cM region between markers D1S194 and D1S2786. Several heterozygote parents had diabetes mellitus, deafness, or megaloblastic anemia, which raised the possibility that mutations at this locus predispose carriers in general to these manifestations. Characterization of the metabolic defect of TRMA may shed light on the role of thiamine deficiency in such common diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Alaska
- Anemia, Megaloblastic/drug therapy
- Anemia, Megaloblastic/ethnology
- Anemia, Megaloblastic/genetics
- Arabs
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Consanguinity
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/ethnology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Female
- Genes, Recessive
- Haplotypes/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/ethnology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Homozygote
- Humans
- Israel/ethnology
- Italy/ethnology
- Lod Score
- Male
- Microsatellite Repeats
- Pedigree
- Russia/ethnology
- Syndrome
- Thiamine/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Neufeld
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
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