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Yang Q, Ju G, He Y. Corneal densitometry: New evaluation indicator for corneal diseases. Surv Ophthalmol 2024:S0039-6257(24)00122-X. [PMID: 39326741 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Corneal densitometry (CD) is one of the biological properties of the cornea that can visualize the morphology of the cornea and determine the degree of corneal transparency. At present, it is an emerging metric that has shown promise in various clinical diagnosis and evaluation of eye diseases and surgeries. We introduce the different methodologies used to measure CD. Furthermore, we systematically categorize the diagnostic value of CD into high, medium, and low levels based on its clinical significance. By analyzing a wide range of conditions, including keratoconus, postrefractive surgery changes, and other corneal pathologies, we assess the utility of CD in each context. We also discuss the potential implications of these classifications for disease monitoring and prognosis evaluation. Our review underscores the importance of integrating CD assessments into routine clinical practice to enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of diagnostic processes for cornea-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun,130041, Jilin Province, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin Province, China
| | - Gen Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoji People's Hospital, Baoji, 721000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun,130041, Jilin Province, China.
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2
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Ju X, Kowanz D, Guo Y, Li X, Wawer Matos PA, Fan W, Rokohl AC, Heindl LM. Dynamic Measurement and Analysis of Upper Eyelid Changes Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:1240-1246. [PMID: 38806337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the regular upper eyelid anatomy and their changes during dynamic motion using ultrasonographically depicted structures. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS High-resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy (50MHz) was performed on 84 upper eyelids of 42 healthy volunteers without evidence of eyelid conditions. The skin-orbicularis oculi complex (SOOC), levator aponeurosis, and Müller's muscle-conjunctival complex were imaged. The thickness of these structures was measured in primary gaze and downgaze positions. RESULTS SOOC and levator aponeurosis thickness was bigger with eyes open than with eyes closed (p < 0.01). With eyes closed, the thickness of SOOC on the pupillary midline and levator aponeurosis was positively correlated with age (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively), and the thickness of levator aponeurosis and SOOC on the pupil midline was also positively correlated with BMI index (p < 0.05). Similarly, SOOC thickness on the medial and lateral canthus line is also positively correlated with BMI index and age (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). As for the differences between genders, the mean thickness of SOOC and levator aponeurosis was statistically different (p < 0.05, respectively). The magnitude of levator aponeurosis thickness in men varied more than in women in different ocular positions (p < 0.05). All measurements had an intramethod between 0.624 and 0.792, and inter-rater ICC and intrarater ICC between 0.748 and 0.850. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound biomicroscopy represents a noninvasive tool for the visualization of upper eyelid morphology. Expanding its application can help to understand the dynamics of upper eyelid physiological movement, aging, and disease research in different populations and evaluate surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dominik Kowanz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yongwei Guo
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philomena A Wawer Matos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wanlin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Kim BZ, Lim JZ, McGhee CNJ. Cysts and tumours of the iris: Diagnostic tools and key management considerations-A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:665-683. [PMID: 38577954 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The iris is a unique structure, with exquisite variations in colour and form. Pathological changes, specifically including iris cysts and tumours are relatively uncommon, difficult to diagnose, and yet potentially blinding or life-threatening. Based on a comprehensive literature review, with highly illustrated key case examples, this report aims to guide the clinician in filtering the differential diagnoses of iris cysts and tumours. Evaluation is in the context of key diagnostic clinical tools and management considerations. Diagnostic imaging techniques include serial anterior segment photography, ultrasound, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and iris fluorescein angiography, however, the roles of computerised topography and magnetic resonance imaging are also considered in this review. Management includes categorisation in terms of solid iris tumours (melanocytic vs. non-melanocytic), or iris cysts (primary vs. secondary) that may be usefully differentiated by clinical assessment, avoiding more invasive interventions. Cystic lesions are generally benign, although implantation cysts in particular cause significant complications and surgical challenges. Most solid tumours are melanocytic and also typically benign. However, in larger lesions, rapid growth, symptoms and complications more likely indicate malignancy, requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bia Z Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Greenlane Eye Clinic, Health New Zealand (Te Whatu Ora) Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joevy Z Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Greenlane Eye Clinic, Health New Zealand (Te Whatu Ora) Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Charles N J McGhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Greenlane Eye Clinic, Health New Zealand (Te Whatu Ora) Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Yang L, Yan C, Tao S, He Y, Zhao J, Wang Y, Wu Y, Liu N, Qin Y. In Vivo Imaging of Rabbit Follicles through Combining Ultrasound Bio-Microscopy and Intravital Window. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1727. [PMID: 38929346 PMCID: PMC11200761 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous ovarian imaging has been proven to be a method for monitoring the development of follicles in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combining ultrasound bio-microscopy (UBM) with an intravital window for follicle imaging in rabbits and to monitor the ovarian dynamic processes. New Zealand White female rabbits (n = 10) received ovarian translocation to a subcutaneous position. The ovarian tissue was sutured onto the abdominal muscles and covered with an intravital window for the continuous monitoring of the follicles using UBM. Results show that physiological changes (red blood cell and white blood cell counts, feed intake, and body weight change) in rabbits induced by surgery returned to normal physiological levels in one week. Furthermore, UBM could provide high-resolution imaging of follicles through the intravital window. Daily monitoring of ovarian dynamic processes for 6 days displayed variabilities in follicle counts and size. Collectively, these results provide a relatively new method to monitor ovarian dynamic processes and to understand the reproductive physiology of female rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Siming Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifeilong He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.Y.); (C.Y.); (S.T.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Chan NSW, Lim JS, Mohanram LS, Chee SP. Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the management of complex cataract and intraocular lens: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:186-206. [PMID: 38214059 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is an invaluable investigation for imaging anterior segment structures. Although it is operator-dependent and time consuming, unlike optical-based imaging techniques, it is able to image structures posterior to the iris, such as the zonules, ciliary body and part of the pars plana. It is especially useful in advanced cataracts, traumatic cataracts, subluxed lenses, posterior polar cataracts, and congenital and developmental anomalies affecting the anterior segment. It provides diagnostic information in eyes with complex cataracts or intraocular lens (IOL)-related pathology, and aids in surgical planning in order to minimise complications. In this review, we describe the UBM features of various lenticular pathologies and demonstrate its application in the diagnosis and surgical management of lens and IOL-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S W Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jane S Lim
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Soon-Phaik Chee
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Nguyen VP, Zhe J, Hu J, Ahmed U, Paulus YM. Molecular and cellular imaging of the eye. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:360-386. [PMID: 38223186 PMCID: PMC10783915 DOI: 10.1364/boe.502350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The application of molecular and cellular imaging in ophthalmology has numerous benefits. It can enable the early detection and diagnosis of ocular diseases, facilitating timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. Molecular imaging techniques can help identify disease biomarkers, monitor disease progression, and evaluate treatment responses. Furthermore, these techniques allow researchers to gain insights into the pathogenesis of ocular diseases and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Molecular and cellular imaging can also allow basic research to elucidate the normal physiological processes occurring within the eye, such as cell signaling, tissue remodeling, and immune responses. By providing detailed visualization at the molecular and cellular level, these imaging techniques contribute to a comprehensive understanding of ocular biology. Current clinically available imaging often relies on confocal microscopy, multi-photon microscopy, PET (positron emission tomography) or SPECT (single-photon emission computed tomography) techniques, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescence imaging. Preclinical research focuses on the identification of novel molecular targets for various diseases. The aim is to discover specific biomarkers or molecular pathways associated with diseases, allowing for targeted imaging and precise disease characterization. In parallel, efforts are being made to develop sophisticated and multifunctional contrast agents that can selectively bind to these identified molecular targets. These contrast agents can enhance the imaging signal and improve the sensitivity and specificity of molecular imaging by carrying various imaging labels, including radionuclides for PET or SPECT, fluorescent dyes for optical imaging, or nanoparticles for multimodal imaging. Furthermore, advancements in technology and instrumentation are being pursued to enable multimodality molecular imaging. Integrating different imaging modalities, such as PET/MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or PET/CT (computed tomography), allows for the complementary strengths of each modality to be combined, providing comprehensive molecular and anatomical information in a single examination. Recently, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has been explored as a novel imaging technology for visualization of different retinal diseases. PAM is a non-invasive, non-ionizing radiation, and hybrid imaging modality that combines the optical excitation of contrast agents with ultrasound detection. It offers a unique approach to imaging by providing both anatomical and functional information. Its ability to utilize molecularly targeted contrast agents holds great promise for molecular imaging applications in ophthalmology. In this review, we will summarize the application of multimodality molecular imaging for tracking chorioretinal angiogenesis along with the migration of stem cells after subretinal transplantation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Josh Zhe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Justin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Umayr Ahmed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yannis M. Paulus
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Mehta NJ, Mehta SN. Nanotechnology in Retinal Disease: Current Concepts and Future Directions. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024; 40:3-12. [PMID: 38052063 PMCID: PMC10890960 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina is one of the most complex and extraordinary human organs affected by genetic, metabolic, and degenerative diseases, resulting in blindness for ∼1.3 million people in the United States and over 40 million people worldwide. This translates into a huge loss of productivity, especially among younger patients with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and diabetic retinopathy. Age-related macular degeneration accounts for 90% of all blindness cases worldwide. The prevalence of this condition is projected to reach over 5 million individuals over the next 3 decades. There are also >20 IRD phenotypes, affecting >2 million people worldwide. Nanobiotechnology uses nanotechnology for biological applications, making use of biological materials either conceptually or directly in the fabrication of new materials. Bionanotechnology, on the other hand, uses molecular biology for the purpose of creating nanostructures (ie, structures with at least 1 dimension <100 nm). Retinal applications of these technologies are developing at a rapid pace. This review includes the most current nanotechnological applications in retinal diagnostics, theranostics, drug delivery, and targeting, including the potential for nonviral vehicles such as liposomes, micelles, and dendrimers, which pose advantages over viral vectors in retinal drug delivery. Furthermore, we discuss current and future applications as surgical adjuncts and in regenerative medicine as they pertain to retinal disease. Structure and function of nanoparticles such as carbon nanotubules, quantum dots, and magnetic nanoparticles, as well as diagnostic technologies such as next-generation DNA sequencing and single-molecule bionanosensing, will also be discussed.
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Yu Z, Li N, Wang F, Fu J, Xue S, Wang L. Imaging analysis of the biological parameters of the lens in patients with cortical age-related cataracts using ultrasound biomicroscopy. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:480. [PMID: 37993828 PMCID: PMC10666407 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spatial position of the lens in patients with cortical age-related cataract (CARC) is unclear. We investigated a basis for the assessment of visual quality after cataract surgery by analysing the ultrasound biomicroscopic characteristics of the biological parameters of the lens in patients with CARC. METHODS In this retrospective study, 119 patients (50 males and 69 females, totalling 238 eyes) with CARC who underwent simple cataract surgery were selected. The lens thickness (LT), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens vault (LV), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), iris-lens angle (ILA), iris-lens contact distance (ILCD) were measured by A-scan ultrasound and ultrasound biomicroscopy. The corresponding lens position (LP) and relative lens position (RLP) were calculated. RESULTS LP was greater in men than in women (P < 0.05), LV was smaller in men than in women (P = 0.002), ILA and ILCD were not statistically significant (P = 0.072 and P = 0.854, respectively). There were significant differences in TIA, ILA, and ILCD in the four quadrants (all P < 0.05), with a trend in the distribution of TIA: superior < inferior < nasal < temporal, ILA: nasal < inferior < temporal < superior, and ILCD: superior < temporal < inferior < nasal. CONCLUSIONS The lens protrudes more obviously in females than in males and the lens tilts to a certain extent with the increase of age and tends to be more upward and temporal in the supine position. Therefore, trends in lens-related parameters in patients with CARC should be taken seriously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenglei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Fu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shasha Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Park JS, Jung SY, Kim DH, Park JH, Jang HW, Kim TG, Baek SH, Lee BC. Dual-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer based on polarization switching in ferroelectric thin films. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:122. [PMID: 37794984 PMCID: PMC10545730 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to its additional frequency response, dual-frequency ultrasound has advantages over conventional ultrasound, which operates at a specific frequency band. Moreover, a tunable frequency from a single transducer enables sonographers to achieve ultrasound images with a large detection area and high resolution. This facilitates the availability of more advanced techniques that simultaneously require low- and high-frequency ultrasounds, such as harmonic imaging and image-guided therapy. In this study, we present a novel method for dual-frequency ultrasound generation from a ferroelectric piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (PMUT). Uniformly designed transducer arrays can be used for both deep low-resolution imaging and shallow high-resolution imaging. To switch the ultrasound frequency, the only requirement is to tune a DC bias to control the polarization state of the ferroelectric film. Flextensional vibration of the PMUT membrane strongly depends on the polarization state, producing low- and high-frequency ultrasounds from a single excitation frequency. This strategy for dual-frequency ultrasounds meets the requirement for either multielectrode configurations or heterodesigned elements, which are integrated into an array. Consequently, this technique significantly reduces the design complexity of transducer arrays and their associated driving circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Soo Park
- Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Jung
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hun Kim
- Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geun Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyub Baek
- Center for Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Bionics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447 Republic of Korea
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Xu Q, Zhang Y, Wang L, Chen X, Sun X, Chen Y. The morphology of angle dysgenesis assessed by ultrasound biomicroscopy and its relationship with glaucoma severity and mutant genes in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:6979-6988. [PMID: 37869359 PMCID: PMC10585538 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS), a developmental disorder, involves anterior segment abnormalities and can lead to glaucoma. However, limited research has addressed the ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) characteristics of ARS. This study aimed to assess the anterior chamber angle features using UBM in ARS and determine their correlation with glaucoma severity and mutant genes. Methods UBM examination was conducted for 42 patients diagnosed with ARS and glaucoma. The morphology of the anterior chamber angle was classified into 6 types (type A, pure high iris insertion; type B, posterior embryotoxon; type C, iris process; type D, trabecular-iris synechia; type E, peripheral iridocorneal adhesion; type F, goniodysgenesis). Candidate genes were sequenced with next-generation sequencing. Correlations of clinical characteristics with angle dysgenesis types and mutant genes were analyzed. Results Among the 42 patients recruited, 6 eyes were excluded for poor quality UBM images or lack of glaucoma development. The remaining 78 eyes were categorized into 6 groups according to their dominant type of anterior chamber angle (>2 quadrants). There were statistically significant differences in onset age of glaucoma (P<0.001), untreated intraocular pressure (IOP) (P=0.016), vertical cup to disc ratio (P=0.001), and age at surgery (P<0.001) among the groups. Eyes in the type C and D groups developed glaucoma and underwent surgery at an earlier age, while eyes in the type B, E, and F groups developed glaucoma at a relatively later age. Eyes in type A group developed glaucoma and underwent surgery at the latest age, and had the lowest untreated IOP compared to the other groups. Patients with FOXC1 defects were more likely to have angle type B, type C, and type D (accounting for 93.8% of the total), whereas patients with PITX2 defects were more likely to have angle type A, type E, and type F (accounting for 92.1% of the total). Conclusions UBM is powerful for evaluating the anterior segment abnormalities in ARS. Combined with genetic testing results, the morphological classification helps to assess the severity of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youjia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang J, Baumgarten S, Balcewicz F, Johnen S, Walter P, Lohmann T. A workflow to visualize vertebrate eyes in 3D. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290420. [PMID: 37607178 PMCID: PMC10443858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish a workflow to visualize the surgical anatomy in 3D based on histological data of eyes of experimental animals for improving the planning of complex surgical procedures. METHODS Four C57BL/6J wild-type(wt) mouse eyes, three Brown Norway rat eyes and four Chinchilla Bastard rabbit eyes were enucleated and processed for standard histology with serial sections and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Image stacks were processed to obtain a representation of the eye anatomy in 3D. In addition, virtual image stacks and 3D point clouds were generated by processing sagittal sections of eyes with stepwise 180° rotation and projection around the eye axis to construct a rotationally symmetric 3D model from one single sagittal section. RESULTS Serial sections of whole eyes of mice, rats and rabbits showed significant artifacts interfering with a practical image stack generation and straightforward 3D reconstruction despite the application of image registration techniques. A workflow was established to obtain a 3D image of the eye based on virtual image stacks and point cloud generation by rotation of a single sagittal section of the eye around the symmetry axis. By analyzing the tissue shrinkage during histological processing true biometric reconstructions of the eyes were feasible making the resulting model usable for 3D modeling and simulation, e.g. for planning of complex surgical procedures in different species. CONCLUSION Because serial sections of the eye with standard histological protocols yielded too many artifacts for a straightforward 3D visualization we reconstructed a pseudorealistic 3D model based on virtual image stacks and point cloud generation calculated from a single sagittal section of the eye. Such a model detailing microscopic structures of the whole eye will allow for a specific planning of surgical procedures in small animal eyes in order to prevent surgical complications in a very early stage of an experiment and it will support the design and development of complex intraocular implants. It will therefore be helpful in surgical teaching and improve laboratory animal welfare by an expected reduction of experimental animal numbers. Further processing including integration of mechanical tissue properties is needed to convert these 3D models into a practical virtual reality teaching and simulation platform for eyes of several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Baumgarten
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Johnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tibor Lohmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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12
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Boruah DK, Vishwakarma D, Gogoi P, Lal NR, Deuri A. Utility of High-Resolution Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Posterior Segment Ocular Lesions Using Sensitivity and Specificity. Acta Med Litu 2023; 30:171-180. [PMID: 38516520 PMCID: PMC10952424 DOI: 10.15388/amed.2023.30.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background High-resolution Ultrasound (USG) provides good anatomical details of the ocular posterior segment and depicts the various pathological conditions affecting the ocular posterior segment, which helps ophthalmologists for choosing the best treatment options. This study aims to evaluate the utility of High-resolution Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Posterior Segment Ocular lesions by using Sensitivity and Specificity. Materials and Methods A hospital-based retrospective study enrolled 81 patients in a tertiary care hospital. Clinical and ophthalmological examinations were performed followed by USG of the orbits. B-mode USG was done with a 7.5-13 MHz linear probe. The final diagnosis was made by correlating the USG findings with clinical and ophthalmological examinations. Statistical analysis Sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value, and the accuracy of B-scan USG were compared with the ophthalmological findings by using the Chi-square test. Results Of 81 patients (n=48 males and n=33 females) with a mean age of 38.98 ± 16.48 [SD] years, posterior segment ocular lesions in association with cataracts were found in 27 (33.3%) patients, whereas 14 (51.9%) patients had posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), 10 (37%) patients had retinal detachment (RD), and 1 (3.7%) patient had choroidal detachment (CD). Posterior segment ocular pathologies were found in 17 (21%) patients with blunt ocular injuries, whereas 8 (47.1%) patients had PVD, 4 (23.5%) patients had RD and 4 (23.5%) patients had CD. The ocular USG had a sensitivity of 87.32%, specificity of 80%, and accuracy of 86.42% with a statistically significant difference between the USG findings and the Ophthalmology diagnosis of the posterior segment ocular abnormalities of a p-value of 0.0005. Conclusion High-resolution ultrasound is one of the best and an easily available imaging modality for the evaluation of posterior segment ocular pathologies, especially in the presence of opaque ocular media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deb K. Boruah
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Daisy Vishwakarma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Assam Medical College & Hospital, Dibrugarh Assam, India
| | - Pallavi Gogoi
- Department of Library and Information Science, DHSK College, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Navneet R. Lal
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Assam Medical College & Hospital, Assam, India
| | - Arup Deuri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lakhimpur Medical College & Hospital, Lakhimpur Assam, India
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13
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Kim SA, Shim J, Kang S, Seo K. Inter-device agreement between spectral domain optical coherence tomography, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and gonioscopy in evaluating the iridocorneal angle in normotensive dogs. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e34. [PMID: 37532293 PMCID: PMC10404703 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has not been a thoroughly reported study of the comparison between spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with both ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and gonioscopy on the evaluation of the iridocorneal angle (ICA) in dogs. OBJECTIVES To investigate the diagnostic value of SD-OCT for the early detection of narrowing ICA by comparing and assessing inter-device agreement in anterior chamber angle (ACA) measurements obtained by SD-OCT and UBM, and ICA evaluations by gonioscopy. METHODS A total of 28 eyes from 28 client-owned dogs with normal intraocular pressure were included for examination. The ACA and angle opening distance (AOD) were measured from the SD-OCT and UBM images, and gonioscopy images were analyzed using the ICA grade and ZibWest angle index. RESULTS The mean ACA and AOD for SD-OCT were 28.31° ± 5.37° and 658.42 ± 219.90 µm, and for UBM, 28.34° ± 5.82° and 859.29 ± 221.80 µm, respectively. The mean difference in ACA between the average values of SD-OCT and UBM measurements was 0.03° with a 95% limit of agreement (LoA) span of 16.2°, indicating positive agreement; that in AOD was 200.85 µm with a 95% LoA span of 1,110.95 µm, indicating poor agreement. The Pearson correlation coefficient of the ACA of SD-OCT and ZibWest indices of gonioscopy was 0.624, indicating strong agreement; that of UBM and gonioscopy was 0.43, indicating moderate agreement. CONCLUSIONS SD-OCT is well tolerated by canine patients due to its non-contact method and might be an alternative option for early screening of ICA narrowing in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su An Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jaeho Shim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Toffessi Siewe S, Callé S, Vander Meulen F, Valente D, Grégoire JM, Banquart A, Chevalliot S, Capri A, Levassort F. High Acoustic Impedance and Attenuation Backing for High-Frequency Focused P(VDF-TrFE)-Based Transducers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4686. [PMID: 37430599 DOI: 10.3390/s23104686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Backing materials with tailored acoustic properties are beneficial for miniaturized ultrasonic transducer design. Whereas piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE) films are common elements in high-frequency (>20 MHz) transducer design, their low coupling coefficient limits their sensitivity. Defining a suitable sensitivity-bandwidth trade-off for miniaturized high-frequency applications requires backings with impedances of >25 MRayl and strongly attenuating to account for miniaturized requirements. The motivation of this work is related to several medical applications such as small animal, skin or eye imaging. Simulations showed that increasing the acoustic impedance of the backing from 4.5 to 25 MRayl increases transducer sensitivity by 5 dB but decreases the bandwidth, which nevertheless remains high enough for the targeted applications. In this paper, porous sintered bronze material with spherically shaped grains, size-adapted for 25-30 MHz frequency, was impregnated with tin or epoxy resin to create multiphasic metallic backings. Microstructural characterizations of these new multiphasic composites showed that impregnation was incomplete and that a third air phase was present. The selected composites, sintered bronze-tin-air and sintered bronze-epoxy-air, at 5-35 MHz characterization, produced attenuation coefficients of 1.2 and >4 dB/mm/MHz and impedances of 32.4 and 26.4 MRayl, respectively. High-impedance composites were adopted as backing (thickness = 2 mm) to fabricate focused single-element P(VDF-TrFE)-based transducers (focal distance = 14 mm). The center frequency was 27 MHz, while the bandwidth at -6 dB was 65% for the sintered-bronze-tin-air-based transducer. We evaluated imaging performance using a pulse-echo system on a tungsten wire (diameter = 25 μm) phantom. Images confirmed the viability of integrating these backings in miniaturized transducers for imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Toffessi Siewe
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, University of Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de la Loire, 37200 Tours, France
- INSERM Imaging and Brain, UMR 1253, 37000 Tours, France
- Carestream Dental France, 77183 Croissy-Beaubourg, France
| | - Samuel Callé
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, University of Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de la Loire, 37200 Tours, France
| | - François Vander Meulen
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, University of Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de la Loire, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Damien Valente
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, University of Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de la Loire, 37200 Tours, France
| | | | - Aline Banquart
- Carestream Dental France, 77183 Croissy-Beaubourg, France
| | | | - Arnaud Capri
- Carestream Dental France, 77183 Croissy-Beaubourg, France
| | - Franck Levassort
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, University of Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de la Loire, 37200 Tours, France
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15
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Kommula H, Murthy SI, Loomba A, Mohamed A, Ranjan R. Scleral thickness in normal Indian eyes measured using spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:1833-1836. [PMID: 37203038 PMCID: PMC10391424 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2046_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish normative data on anterior scleral thickness using the spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Methods In total, 200 eyes of 100 healthy subjects underwent AS-OCT scans in the temporal and nasal quadrants. The scleral + conjunctival complex thickness (SCT) was measured by a single examiner. Mean SCT was analyzed for differences across age groups, gender, and location (nasal versus temporal). Results Mean age was 46.4 ± 18.3 (21-84) years; male to female ratio was 54:46. Mean SCT (nasal + temporal) of the right eye (RE) was 682.3 ± 64.2 μm in males and 660.6 ± 57.1 μm in females. In the left eye (LE), it was 684.6 ± 64.9 μm in males and 661.8 ± 49.3 μm in females. These differences between male and female for both eyes were statistically significant (P = 0.006 and P = 0.002). The mean SCT of temporal and nasal quadrants in the RE was 678.54 ± 57.50 and 666 ± 66.2 μm, respectively. In the LE, the temporal mean SCT quadrant was 679.6 ± 55.8 μm, and the nasal was 668.6 ± 63.6 μm. Age had a negative correlation with SCT (-0.62 μm/year; P = 0.03), and males had a higher temporal SCT than females (22 μm higher; P = 0.03). After adjusting for age and gender in a multivariate analysis, temporal SCT was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than nasal SCT. Conclusion In our study, mean SCT decreased with age and males had a higher temporal SCT. This is the first study to evaluate scleral thickness in the Indian population, and the data can be used as a baseline for comparing variations in scleral thickness in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Kommula
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Somasheila I Murthy
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Abhinav Loomba
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ashik Mohamed
- Ophthalmic Biophysics, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rashmi Ranjan
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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16
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Kadakia A, Zhang J, Yao X, Zhou Q, Heiferman MJ. Ultrasound in ocular oncology: Technical advances, clinical applications, and limitations. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:371-379. [PMID: 37212384 PMCID: PMC10281622 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231169539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its accessibility and ability for real-time image acquisition of ocular structures, ultrasound has high utility in the visualization of the eye, especially in ocular oncology. In this minireview, we summarize the technical rationale and applications of ultrasound modalities, A-scan, B-scan, high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and Doppler measurement. A-scan ultrasound uses a transducer of 7-11 MHz, making it useful for determining the echogenicity of ocular tumors (7-8 MHz) and measuring the axial length of the eye (10-11 MHz). B-scan ultrasound operates at 10-20 MHz, which can be used for measuring posterior ocular tumors while UBM operates at 40-100 MHz to evaluate anterior ocular structures. Doppler ultrasonography allows for the detection of tumor vascularization. While ultrasonography has numerous clinical applications due to its favorable penetration compared with optical coherence tomography, it is still limited by its relatively lower resolution. Ultrasound also requires an experienced sonographer due to the need for accurate probe localization to areas of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Kadakia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual
Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612,
USA
| | - Junhang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi
School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Xincheng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual
Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612,
USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi
School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Michael J Heiferman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual
Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612,
USA
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17
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Andrews ALMM, Kafarnik C, Fischer MC. Prevalence and outcome of lens capsule disruption IN routine canine cataract surgery: A retrospective study of 520 eyes (2012-2019). Vet Ophthalmol 2023. [PMID: 37028938 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and surgical outcome of lens capsule disruption (LCD) in dogs undergoing cataract removal. ANIMALS STUDIED Medical records of 924 eyes undergoing phacoemulsification were analyzed retrospectively. PROCEDURES Routine cataract surgeries with or without LCD were included. Any LCD other than routine anterior capsulorhexis was defined as LCD and classified according to location and etiology. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for maintaining vision, implantation of an artificial intraocular lens (IOL), and enucleation. RESULTS In total, 520 eyes were included. A LCD occurred in 145 eyes (27.8%; 145/520) and affected the posterior (85.5%; 124/145), anterior (6.2%; 9/145), and equatorial lens capsule (4.8%; 7/145) and at multiple locations (3.4%; 5/145). The etiology of the LCD was spontaneous preoperative in 41 eyes (28.3%; 41/145), accidental intraoperative in 57 eyes (39.3%; 57/145), and planned in 47 eyes (32.4%; 47/145). Disruption did not increase the odds of enucleation (OR = 1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-3.67; p = .36). The presence of LCD significantly increased the risk of losing vision 1 year post-operatively (OR = 8.17, 95% CI 1.41-84.93; p = .007) associated with retinal detachment. However, this was not present at 2 years follow-up or in PCCC cases at any time point. An IOL was implanted in 108 eyes (108/145; 75.2%) with LCD and in 45/47 (95.7%) eyes with a PCCC. CONCLUSION Increased surgeon awareness of possible intraoperative, accidental LCDs is important, as LCDs were relatively common and associated with increased odds for vision loss after 1 year in the present study. A prospective study investigating the causes of intraoperative, accidental LCD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L M M Andrews
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christiane Kafarnik
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Christine Fischer
- Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
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18
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He Y, Ma BS, Zeng JH, Ma DJ. Corneal optical density: Structural basis, measurements, influencing factors, and roles in refractive surgery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1144455. [PMID: 37091331 PMCID: PMC10117965 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1144455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea is the main refractive medium of the human eye, and its clarity is critical to visual acuity. Corneal optical density (COD) is an important index to describe corneal transparency. Intact corneal epithelial and endothelial cells, regular arrangement of collagen fibers in the stroma, and normal substance metabolism are all integral for the cornea to maintain its transparency. In the last two decades, the Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging system has emerged as a breakthrough for the measurement of COD (also called corneal densitometry). It has been found that a wide variety of factors such as age, refractive status, and corneal diseases can affect COD. Different corneal refractive surgery methods also change COD in different corneal regions and layers and affect visual acuity following the surgery. Thus, COD has gradually become a significant indicator to evaluate corneal health, one on which the attention of clinicians has been increasingly focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye He
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Bo-Sheng Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Hao Zeng
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dai-Jin Ma
- Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Dai-Jin Ma,
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Pan X, Zeng L, Li Y, Zhu X, Jin Y. Experimental demonstration of Fresnel zone plate lens for robust subwavelength focusing at mega hertz. ULTRASONICS 2023; 128:106876. [PMID: 36272298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic focusing with high energy intensity, broadband and few side lobes properties are highly demanded in many fields and can be achieved with Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lens as an artificial structure. However, FZP focusing lenses for high frequency range such as around 5 MHz with precise focusing effect has not been demonstrated and the dependence of the size, especially the full width at half maximum (FWHM), of the focal spot has not been well explored. In this work, we numerically and experimentally study the FZP lenses for robust and subwavelength underwater sound focusing effect around 5 MHz. Stable subwavelength FWHM of the focusing spot over a broad frequency range is achieved. It is found that the FWHM has a quasi-linear relationship with the ratio between the focal length and the diameter of the lens. A quasi-linear relationship between the focal length and working frequency is also validated theoretically, numerically and experimentally. Our study proposes broadband and robust FZP lenses paving the way for high quality acoustic focusing at Mega Hertz frequency range for the development of imaging, non-destructive evaluation, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Pan
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | - Longsheng Zeng
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China.
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China.
| | - Yabin Jin
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China.
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Intraoral Ultrasonography for Periodontal Tissue Exploration: A Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030365. [PMID: 36766470 PMCID: PMC9914868 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to investigate the possibilities of ultrasound imaging in the field of periodontal tissues exploration to visualize periodontal anatomical structures and to assess reliability in clinical evaluation using the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search through the MEDLINE database was realized to identify studies that have explored ultrasonography in the field of periodontal imaging published from 2000 to March 2022. The search resulted in 245 records; after exclusions, a total of 15 papers were included in the present review. Various publications have shown the possibility of using intraoral ultrasound for a precise exploration of intraoral tissues and to perform measurements of periodontal structures. Studies argue that ultrasounds open the prospect of a complete paradigm shift on the diagnosis and follow-up of periodontal disease. However, there is currently no clinical device dedicated to periodontal ultrasound. This field is still under-studied, and studies are needed to explore the large field of applications from periodontal assessment to treatment reassessment, including surgery. Researchers should focus their efforts to develop special intraoral ultrasound device and explore the possibilities of clinical periodontal applications.
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21
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Knickelbein KE, Lassaline ME, Kim S, Thomasy SM. Ultrasound biomicroscopy of the equine iridocorneal angle. Equine Vet J 2022; 54:1153-1158. [PMID: 35568989 PMCID: PMC9547819 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The iridocorneal angle (ICA) is the major pathway of aqueous humour outflow from the anterior chamber of the eye. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) has been utilised to characterise the morphology of this drainage pathway in numerous species. UBM may allow for early recognition of aqueous humour outflow obstructions in horses, allowing for earlier recognition of risk for glaucoma, a vision-threatening and painful disease. UBM morphology of the normal equine ICA has yet to be described. OBJECTIVES To determine the ultrasonographic morphology of the equine ICA by UBM in standing sedated horses. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experimental study. METHODS Thirty healthy adult horses underwent UBM of the ICA at four locations (superior, temporal, inferior, nasal) of each eye utilising standing sedation, topical anaesthesia and auriculopalpebral perineural anaesthesia. Anatomic structures were defined on ultrasound images through comparison to published histologic photomicrographs of the equine ICA. RESULTS Ultrasound imaging of the ICA at all four locations was easily performed in standing, sedated horses. High-resolution images of the ICA allowed for identification of the pectinate ligament, corneoscleral trabecular meshwork (TM), uveal TM and supraciliary TM. MAIN LIMITATIONS Pupil size was midrange in all eyes, but was not strictly controlled. Lighting conditions not controlled. Various breeds included. CONCLUSION In vivo UBM of the equine ICA is feasible and provides high-resolution images of the structures of the aqueous humour outflow pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Knickelbein
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mary E Lassaline
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
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22
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Minhaz AT, Sevgi DD, Kwak S, Kim A, Wu H, Helms RW, Bayat M, Wilson DL, Orge FH. Deep Learning Segmentation, Visualization, and Automated 3D Assessment of Ciliary Body in 3D Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Images. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 36180029 PMCID: PMC9547360 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.10.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to develop a fully automated deep learning ciliary body segmentation and assessment approach in three-dimensional ultrasound biomicroscopy (3D-UBM) images. Methods Each 3D-UBM eye volume was aligned to the optic axis via multiplanar reformatting. Ciliary muscle and processes were manually annotated, and Deeplab-v3+ models with different loss functions were trained to segment the ciliary body (ciliary muscle and processes) in both en face and radial images. Results We trained and tested the models on 4320 radial and 3864 en face images from 12 cadaver eye volumes. Deep learning models trained on radial images with Dice loss achieved the highest mean F1-score (0.89) for ciliary body segmentation. For three-class segmentation (ciliary muscle, processes, and background), radial images with Dice loss achieved the highest mean F1-score (0.75 for the ciliary process and 0.82 for the ciliary muscle). Part of the ciliary muscle (10.9%) was misclassified as the ciliary process and vice versa, which occurred owing to the difficulty in differentiating the ciliary muscle–processes border, even by experts. Deep learning segmentation made further editing by experts at least seven times faster than a fully manual approach. In eight cadaver eyes, the average ciliary muscle, process, and body volumes were 56 ± 9, 43 ± 13, and 99 ± 18 mm3, respectively. The average surface area of the ciliary muscle, process, and body were 346 ± 45, 363 ± 83, and 709 ± 80 mm2, respectively. We performed transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in cadaver eyes to shrink the ciliary processes. Both manual and automated measurements from deep learning segmentation show a decrease in volume, surface area, and 360° cross-sectional area measurements. Conclusions The proposed deep learning segmentation of the ciliary body and 3D measurements showed transscleral cyclophotocoagulation-related changes in the ciliary body. Translational Relevance Automated ciliary body assessment using 3D-UBM has the translational potential for ophthalmic treatment planning and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tahseen Minhaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Sunwoo Kwak
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Alvin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard W Helms
- UH CMC Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mahdi Bayat
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David L Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Faruk H Orge
- UH CMC Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Wang M, Deng W, Li J, Cong R, Xiao T. Management of intrascleral chestnut burr spines under ultrasound biomicroscopy guidance. Indian J Ophthalmol 2022; 70:3311-3315. [PMID: 36018110 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_356_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the efficacy of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) as a tool for detecting and localizing intrascleral chestnut burr spines. Methods Individuals who were diagnosed with definitive or suspected intrascleral chestnut burr injuries between 2019 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent UBM to detect potential intrascleral spines. UBM imaging features were recorded and analyzed. Intrascleral spines were removed based upon UBM-guided localization. Patient clinical profiles, management, and treatment outcomes were recorded. Results A total of 10 eyes (10 patients; 6 males, 4 females) were diagnosed with intrascleral spines over the study period, with an average patient age of 55 years (range: 39-71). Three of these 10 eyes exhibited involvement of the palpebrae and cornea, whereas three exhibited corneal involvement, and the remaining four patients exhibited only intrascleral spine injuries owing to their having undergone previous intracorneal spine extraction procedures. UBM features consistent with chestnut burr spines manifest a hyperechoic spot with a shadow. UBM enabled the precise localization of these spines and thus ensured their successful removal via a single surgery. During follow-up, two patients experienced vitreous hemorrhage due to a penetrating injury into the ciliary body that was gradually absorbed. All patients with eye irritation and red eyes progressed favorably, and no surgical complications were recorded. Conclusion A retained scleral chestnut burr spine should be suspected if a patient complains of persistent eye irritation following intracorneal spine removal. UBM may be a valuable tool for detecting spines retained in the sclera, enabling the successful removal thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingling Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital; Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Richang Cong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianlin Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ye H, Yang Y, Mao K, Wang Y, Hu Y, Xu Y, Fei P, Lyv J, Chen L, Zhao P, Zheng C. Generating Synthesized Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Images from Anterior Segment Optical Coherent Tomography Images by Generative Adversarial Networks for Iridociliary Assessment. Ophthalmol Ther 2022; 11:1817-1831. [PMID: 35882767 PMCID: PMC9437167 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of generating synthesized ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images from swept-source anterior segment optical coherent tomography (SS-ASOCT) images using a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network framework (CycleGAN) for iridociliary assessment on a cohort presenting for primary angle-closure screening. Methods The CycleGAN architecture was adopted to synthesize high-resolution UBM images trained on the SS-ASOCT dataset from the department of ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital. The performance of the CycleGAN model was further tested in two separate datasets using synthetic UBM images from two different ASOCT modalities (in-distribution and out-of-distribution). We compared the ability of glaucoma specialists to assess the image quality of real and synthetic images. UBM measurements, including anterior chamber, iridociliary parameters, were compared between real and synthetic UBM images. Intra-class correlation coefficients, coefficients of variation, and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the level of agreement. The Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) was measured to evaluate the quality of the synthetic images. Results The whole trained dataset included anterior chamber angle images, of which 4037 were obtained by SS-ASOCT and 2206 were obtained by UBM. The image quality of real versus synthetic SS-ASOCT images was similar as assessed by two glaucoma specialists. The Bland–Altman analysis also suggested high consistency between measurements of real and synthetic UBM images. In addition, there was fair to excellent agreement between real and synthetic UBM measurements for the in-distribution dataset (ICC range 0.48–0.97) and the out-of-distribution dataset (ICC range 0.52–0.86). The FID was 21.3 and 24.1 for the synthetic UBM images from the in-distribution and out-of-distribution datasets, respectively. Conclusion We developed a CycleGAN model to translate UBM images from non-contact SS-ASOCT images. The CycleGAN synthetic UBM images showed fair to excellent reproducibility when compared with real UBM images. Our results suggest that the CycleGAN technique is a promising tool to evaluate the iridociliary and anterior chamber in an alternative non-contact method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Kerong Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yafu Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yiqian Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ping Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiao Lyv
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ce Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665, Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Solnik M, Paduszyńska N, Czarnecka AM, Synoradzki KJ, Yousef YA, Chorągiewicz T, Rejdak R, Toro MD, Zweifel S, Dyndor K, Fiedorowicz M. Imaging of Uveal Melanoma—Current Standard and Methods in Development. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133147. [PMID: 35804919 PMCID: PMC9265106 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanoma is the most prevalent intraocular tumor in adults, derived from melanocytes; the liver is the most common site of its metastases. Due to troublesome tumor localization, different imaging techniques are utilized in diagnostics, i.e., fundus imaging (FI), ultrasonography (US), optical coherence tomography (OCT), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), or fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Specialists eagerly use these techniques, but sometimes the precision and quality of the obtained images are imperfect, raising diagnostic doubts and prompting the search for new ones. In addition to analyzing the currently utilized methods, this review also introduces experimental techniques that may be adapted to clinical practice in the future. Moreover, we raise the topic and present a perspective for personalized medicine in uveal melanoma treatment. Abstract Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, characterized by an insidious onset and poor prognosis strongly associated with tumor size and the presence of distant metastases, most commonly in the liver. Contrary to most tumor identification, a biopsy followed by a pathological exam is used only in certain cases. Therefore, an early and noninvasive diagnosis is essential to enhance patients’ chances for early treatment. We reviewed imaging modalities currently used in the diagnostics of uveal melanoma, including fundus imaging, ultrasonography (US), optical coherence tomography (OCT), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), as well as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The principle of imaging techniques is briefly explained, along with their role in the diagnostic process and a summary of their advantages and limitations. Further, the experimental data and the advancements in imaging modalities are explained. We describe UM imaging innovations, show their current usage and development, and explain the possibilities of utilizing such modalities to diagnose uveal melanoma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Solnik
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (N.P.)
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Natalia Paduszyńska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.S.); (N.P.)
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Department of Soft Tissue/Bone Sarcoma and Melanoma, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 5 Roentgen Str., 02-781 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil J. Synoradzki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Yacoub A. Yousef
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Centre, Amman 11941, Jordan;
| | - Tomasz Chorągiewicz
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Mario Damiano Toro
- Department of General and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, Chmielna 1, 20-079 Lublin, Poland; (T.C.); (R.R.); (M.D.T.)
- Eye Clinic, Public Health Department, Federico II University, via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sandrine Zweifel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Katarzyna Dyndor
- Department of Radiography, Medical University of Lublin, 8 Jaczewskiego Str., 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Fiedorowicz
- Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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Modern Diagnostic Imaging Technique Applications and Risk Factors in the Medical Field: A Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5164970. [PMID: 35707373 PMCID: PMC9192206 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5164970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Medical imaging is the process of visual representation of different tissues and organs of the human body to monitor the normal and abnormal anatomy and physiology of the body. There are many medical imaging techniques used for this purpose such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), digital mammography, and diagnostic sonography. These advanced medical imaging techniques have many applications in the diagnosis of myocardial diseases, cancer of different tissues, neurological disorders, congenital heart disease, abdominal illnesses, complex bone fractures, and other serious medical conditions. There are benefits as well as some risks to every imaging technique. There are some steps for minimizing the radiation exposure risks from imaging techniques. Advance medical imaging modalities such as PET/CT hybrid, three-dimensional ultrasound computed tomography (3D USCT), and simultaneous PET/MRI give high resolution, better reliability, and safety to diagnose, treat, and manage complex patient abnormalities. These techniques ensure the production of new accurate imaging tools with improving resolution, sensitivity, and specificity. In the future, with mounting innovations and advancements in technology systems, the medical diagnostic field will become a field of regular measurement of various complex diseases and will provide healthcare solutions.
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Snezhana M, Georgi B. OCT Results in Myopia: Diagnostic Difficulties in Clinical Practice? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123430. [PMID: 35743500 PMCID: PMC9224758 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a modern, non-invasive technique for examining the posterior segment of the eye in vivo. The quality of images is crucial for the diagnostic process. Despite good image quality and high signal strength, we still obtain images with less relevant diagnostic data, especially in relation to RNFL and GCL thickness in myopic and hyperopic eyes. Aim: To evaluate the change of RNFL, GCL thickness and rim and disk areas in myopic eyes that underwent OCT examination before and after refractive correction with contact lenses or glasses. Method: A prospective cross-sectional pilot study included 43 eyes in 22 patients with myopia and hyperopia, with or without astigmatism. Patients were examined using OCT with and without contact lenses or glasses. Results: RNFL thickness, GCL thickness, rim area and disk area average and minimum values were significantly changed after correction with glasses or contact lenses. Conclusion: Myopic patients with greater than −2.50 D have to be examined using OCT with their contact lens or glasses corrections in the case of borderline data. Uncorrected myopic eyes show a thinner RNFL and GCL and smaller disk areas, which may mislead ophthalmologists.
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Knickelbein KE, Lassaline ME, Kim S, Scharbrough MS, Thomasy SM. Corneal thickness and anterior chamber depth of the normal adult horse as measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25 Suppl 1:17-24. [PMID: 35084084 PMCID: PMC9246829 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine corneal thickness (CT) and axial anterior chamber depth (ACD) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in normal adult horses. To compare corneal thickness measurements between UBM and ultrasonic pachymetry. ANIMALS STUDIED Sixty eyes of 30 healthy adult horses aged 8-24 years. PROCEDURES Ultrasonic pachymetry (velocity of 1640 m/s) was utilized to obtain measurements of the central, superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal cornea. Triplicate images of the same corneal locations were acquired using UBM (50 MHz). Images of the axial anterior chamber were used to measure ACD. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was estimated using rebound tonometry, and axial globe length was measured using ultrasonographic biometry. RESULTS CT (mean ± SD µm) measured by UBM was 854 ± 61 (central), 994 ± 58 (superior), 930 ± 57 (temporal), 979 ± 55 (inferior), and 898 ± 48 (nasal). CT measured by UBM was greater than that measured by ultrasonic pachymetry at all locations and was statistically significant at all locations except inferior (p = 0.0006-0.048). No sex nor age effect was detected for CT at any location. The repeatability of ultrasonic pachymetry was superior to that of UBM. Mean ± SD ACD was 5.74 ± 0.41 mm. A weak positive correlation was identified between central CT and IOP and between central CT and axial globe length. CONCLUSIONS Normal data for CT and ACD of the adult horse obtained using UBM are provided. CT determined by UBM was greater relative to pachymetry at all corneal locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Knickelbein
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mary E Lassaline
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Soohyun Kim
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Machal S Scharbrough
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Suciu VI, Suciu CI, Nicoară SD, Perju-Dumbravă L. Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer OCT Imaging in a Parkinson’s Disease Cohort—A Multidisciplinary Approach in a Clinical Research Hospital. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12010080. [PMID: 35055395 PMCID: PMC8780025 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of this paper is to report the data of the first study in a Clinical Research Hospital, in the Transylvania region, focusing on the Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) measurements in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and to compare the results with age-matched healthy controls. (2) Methods: This study assessed the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) SD-OCT measurements (Heidelberg Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) of two study groups: patients suffering from PD (Hoehn−Yahr stages 1–3) and healthy controls. Secondary objectives were to investigate the reported visual symptoms by evaluating the color vision, contrast sensitivity, and the central visual defects for macular disease using standardized charts. Subjects with prior history of ophthalmologic diseases, advanced stages of PD (Hoehn−Yahr stages 4–5), or with psychiatric conditions were not included in this study. The same team of neurologists and ophthalmologists evaluated all individuals in order to have comparable data and to eliminate inter-examiner differences. All subjects were recruited from the same Clinical Research Hospital in the Transylvania region, Romania. (3) Results: 72% of the PD patients (n = 17) in this study reported visual symptoms. In respect to the ophthalmologic chart evaluation for PD patients, the most frequent disturbances were identified in the Ishihara color perception testing (33%). The regression analysis showed significant results for the Ishihara testing in relation to the cpRNFL thinning in the temporal retinal sectors for both eyes. cpRNFL thinning was predominantly contralateral to the parkinsonism (p = 0.001). The temporal and global values of the cpRNFL were significantly lower in all PD patients < 70 years old, compared to the age-matched healthy controls. (4) Conclusions: Specific patterns of cpRNFL thinning were found in the PD subjects younger than 70 years. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for a complete evaluation of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad-Ioan Suciu
- Department of Neuroscience, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Corina-Iuliana Suciu
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.-I.S.); (S.-D.N.)
| | - Simona-Delia Nicoară
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.-I.S.); (S.-D.N.)
| | - Lăcrămioara Perju-Dumbravă
- Department of Neuroscience, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Yan F, Wang C, Wilson JA, O'Connell M, Ton S, Davidson N, Sibichan M, Chambers K, Ahmed A, Summers J, Tang Q. Visually guided chick ocular length and structural thickness variations assessed by swept-source optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6864-6881. [PMID: 34858685 PMCID: PMC8606122 DOI: 10.1364/boe.433333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chicks are an excellent model for studying myopia. To study the change of the ocular structures in chicks, ultrasound is mostly used. However, it suffers from limited spatial resolution. In this study, we investigated the axial length (AL) and the thickness of different ocular structures in chicks' eye undergoing visually induced changes using a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system in vivo. Two groups of chicks wore a translucent plastic goggle (n = 6) over the right eye to induce form-deprivation myopia. Following 12 days of form deprivation, goggles were removed in one group of chicks (n = 3), and they were allowed to experience 5 days of unrestricted vision (recovery). Goggles remained in place for a total of 17 days for the remaining 3 chicks. A separate group of 3 chicks were untreated and served as normal control. Ocular dimensions were measured in control, myopic, and recovered eyes using an SS-OCT system. We found myopic chick eyes had significantly thicker AL, lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and vitreous chamber depth (VCD), but significantly thinner retina thickness (RT) and choroid thickness (ChT) compared to the control eyes. Following 5 days of recovery, the cornea thickness (CT), retina pigment epithelium thickness (RPET), and ChT were significantly thicker, while the ACD and LT became significantly thinner compared to that of myopic eyes. SS-OCT can serve as a promising tool to provide measurements of the entire ocular structures, for evaluating the change of thickness and depth of different ocular structures in chicks in vivo. The change of AL in the myopic and recovered chick eyes can be attributed to the thickness alterations of different ocular structures. Altogether, this work demonstrated the feasibility of SS-OCT in chick myopic research and exhibited new insights into the changes of ocular structures in chicks experiencing myopia after unrestricted vision recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Chen Wang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Jayla A Wilson
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Michael O'Connell
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Sam Ton
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Noah Davidson
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Mourren Sibichan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Kari Chambers
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Ahmed Ahmed
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Jody Summers
- Department of cell Biology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City. OK 73126, USA
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
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Rousou C, Schuurmans CCL, Urtti A, Mastrobattista E, Storm G, Moonen C, Kaarniranta K, Deckers R. Ultrasound and Microbubbles for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases: From Preclinical Research towards Clinical Application. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111782. [PMID: 34834196 PMCID: PMC8624665 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique anatomy of the eye and the presence of various biological barriers make efficacious ocular drug delivery challenging, particularly in the treatment of posterior eye diseases. This review focuses on the combination of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) as a minimally invasive method to improve the efficacy and targeting of ocular drug delivery. An extensive overview is given of the in vitro and in vivo studies investigating the mechanical effects of ultrasound-driven microbubbles aiming to: (i) temporarily disrupt the blood–retina barrier in order to enhance the delivery of systemically administered drugs into the eye, (ii) induce intracellular uptake of anticancer drugs and macromolecules and (iii) achieve targeted delivery of genes, for the treatment of ocular malignancies and degenerative diseases. Finally, the safety and tolerability aspects of USMB, essential for the translation of USMB to the clinic, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Rousou
- Departments of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.L.S.); (E.M.); (G.S.)
- Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.M.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carl C. L. Schuurmans
- Departments of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.L.S.); (E.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arto Urtti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii Pr. 26, Petrodvorets, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Departments of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.L.S.); (E.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Gert Storm
- Departments of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.C.L.S.); (E.M.); (G.S.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Chrit Moonen
- Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.M.); (R.D.)
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 Kuopio, Finland;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Roel Deckers
- Division of Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.M.); (R.D.)
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Hussein KH, Elmeligy E, Khalphallah A, Al-Lethie ALA. Effect of Topical Cyclopentolate 1% on Ocular Ultrasonographic Features, Intraocular Pressure, Tear Production, and Pupil Size in Normal Donkeys (Equus Asinus). J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 104:103700. [PMID: 34416996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of cyclopentolate on ultrasonographic parameters of eye structures, intraocular pressure (IOP), tear production, and pupil size in normal donkeys. Sixteen eyes of eight clinically healthy adult donkeys (2-2.5 years old) weighing 295 ± 34 kg (mean ± standard deviation) were used in this study. Cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1% was instilled in a randomly selected eye and the other eye received normal saline drops as a control. The effect of cyclopentolate was evaluated by ultrasonography. Additionally, changes in IOP and tear production were evaluated for 2 hours post-instillation by tonometry and Schirmer tear test (STT), respectively. Vertical and horizontal pupil diameters were recorded pre-instillation (0), and 15, 30-, 45-, 60-, and 120-minutes post-instillation. After cyclopentolate 1% instillation, iridocorneal angle and width of the entry of ciliary cleft were significantly increased as observed by ultrasonography. IOP was significantly increased starting from 30 minutes till 60 minutes post-instillation of cyclopentolate 1%. Non-significant alteration in the STT was observed in the cyclopentolate-treated eyes compared to the control eyes. Both vertical and horizontal pupil diameters began to significantly increase 30 minutes after cyclopentolate 1% instillation compared to the control saline group. In conclusion, cyclopentolate 1% could be used as a potent cycloplegic drug in donkeys without systemic or ocular side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Hany Hussein
- Department of Animal Surgery, Anaesthesia, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt..
| | - Enas Elmeligy
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Arafat Khalphallah
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Al-Lethie A Al-Lethie
- Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
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Bhatt V, Bhatt D, Barot R, Sheth J. Ultrasound Biomicroscopy for Zonular Evaluation in Eyes with Ocular Trauma. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:3285-3291. [PMID: 34393478 PMCID: PMC8357616 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s323349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the role of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in detecting zonular abnormalities in eyes with ocular trauma. Patients and Methods Prospective study of 143 eyes of 143 patients with ocular trauma and having opaque media was evaluated using a UBM. The presence or absence of zonular damage (zonular tears and/or zonular stretching) was examined and the clock-hour involvement was noted. Results One-hundred and one eyes had blunt trauma (70.63%; group 1), while 42 eyes had penetrating trauma (29.37%; group 2) The mean age of the patient population was 48.01±17.93 years with a male:female ratio of 2.11:1. Group 1 had significantly greater visual acuity than group 2 (p = 0.03). Zonular damage was present in 79 (55.2%) eyes, including zonular tears (48 eyes; 33.6%) and zonular stretching (31 eyes; 21.7%). Zonular damage was seen significantly more in eyes with blunt trauma (64.28%) as compared to penetrating trauma (25.74%) (p = 0.015). On quantitative analysis, zonular damage between 3 and 6 clock hours was most frequent, both in eyes having zonular tears (70.83%) and zonular stretching (96.77%). Additionally, 3–6 clock hours of zonular stretching was seen significantly more in blunt trauma as compared to penetrating trauma (p = 0.015). Conclusion UBM is an effective imaging modality to diagnose zonular abnormalities in patients with ocular trauma having opaque media. The ability to detect the presence of zonular weakness and their quantification by performing a UBM is critical to formulate the optimal surgical approach and avoid any untoward surgical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Bhatt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rajiv Gandhi Medical College and Chhatrapati Shivaji Memorial Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Bhatt
- Department of Imaging, UBM Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh Barot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rajiv Gandhi Medical College and Chhatrapati Shivaji Memorial Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jay Sheth
- Department of Vitreoretinal, Surya Eye Institute and Research Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Customized eye modeling for optical quality assessment in myopic femto-LASIK surgery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16049. [PMID: 34362982 PMCID: PMC8346559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95730-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractive surgery is recognized as an effective method for myopia treatment, but it can induce night vision disturbances such as glare. We present an eye modeling method for the optical quality assessment in response to the structural changes in the eyes by femto-LASIK surgery. Customized eye models were built from the measurements of 134 right eyes pre- and post-operatively. Optical performance was evaluated using spot diagrams, point spread functions (PSFs), modulation transfer functions (MTFs), and chromatic aberrations at various fields (0°-30°), different pupil diameters (2-6 mm), and initial myopias (- 1.25 to - 10.5 D). Pupil size and initial myopia are the two major factors that affect visual performance of post-operative eyes. The results of spot diagrams, PSFs, and MTFs indicated that post-operative visual performance deteriorated as the visual field and pupil size increased, and it was significantly influenced by initial myopia. Post-operative chromatic aberrations were also affected by initial myopia. As pupil size increased, the post-operative longitudinal chromatic aberrations tended to decrease slightly, while the transverse chromatic aberrations remained similar. The use of eye modeling for refractive surgery assessment could possibly provide a more personalized surgical approach, could improve the prediction accuracy of refractive surgery outcomes, and promote the invention and development of better surgical methods.
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In vivo MRI evaluation of early postnatal development in normal and impaired rat eyes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15513. [PMID: 34330952 PMCID: PMC8324881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study employed in vivo 7-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the postnatal ocular growth patterns under normal development or neonatal impairments in Sprague-Dawley rats. Using T2-weighted imaging on healthy rats from postnatal day (P) 1 (newborn) to P60 (adult), the volumes of the anterior chamber and posterior chamber (ACPC), lens, and vitreous humor increased logistically with ACPC expanding by 33-fold and the others by fivefold. Intravitreal potassium dichromate injection at P1, P7, and P14 led to T1-weighted signal enhancement in the developing retina by 188-289%. Upon unilateral hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy at P7, monocular deprivation at P15, and monocular enucleation at P1, T2-weighted imaging of the adult rats showed decreased ocular volumes to different extents. In summary, in vivo high-field MRI allows for non-invasive evaluation of early postnatal development in the normal and impaired rat eyes. Chromium-enhanced MRI appeared effective in examining the developing retina before natural eyelid opening at P14 with relevance to lipid metabolism. The reduced ocular volumes upon neonatal visual impairments provided evidence to the emerging problems of why some impaired visual outcomes cannot be solely predicted by neurological assessments and suggested the need to look into both the eye and the brain under such conditions.
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Kwok S, Hazen N, Clayson K, Pan X, Liu J. Regional variation of corneal stromal deformation measured by high-frequency ultrasound elastography. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2184-2191. [PMID: 34315279 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211029283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cornea's mechanical response to intraocular pressure elevations may alter in ectatic diseases such as keratoconus. Regional variations of mechanical deformation in normal and keratoconus eyes during intraocular pressure elevation have not been well-characterized. We applied a high-frequency ultrasound elastography technique to characterize the regional deformation of normal and keratoconus human corneas through the full thickness of corneal stroma. A cross-section centered at the corneal apex in 11 normal and 2 keratoconus human donor eyes was imaged with high-frequency ultrasound during whole globe inflation from 5 to 30 mmHg. An ultrasound speckle tracking algorithm was used to compute local tissue displacements. Radial, tangential, and shear strains were mapped across the imaged cross-section. Strains in the central (1 mm surrounding apex) and paracentral (1 to 4 mm from apex) regions were analyzed in both normal and keratoconus eyes. Additional regional analysis was performed in the eye with severe keratoconus presenting significant thinning and scarring. Our results showed that in normal corneas, the central region had significantly smaller tangential stretch than the paracentral region, and that within the central region, the magnitudes of radial and shear strains were significantly larger than that of tangential strain. The eye with mild keratoconus had similar shear strain but substantially larger radial strains than normal corneas, while the eye with severe keratoconus had similar overall strains as in normal eyes but marked regional heterogeneity and large strains in the cone region. These findings suggested regional variation of mechanical responses to intraocular pressure elevation in both normal and keratoconus corneas, and keratoconus appeared to be associated with mechanical weakening in the cone region, especially in resisting radial compression. Comprehensive characterization of radial, tangential, and shear strains through corneal stroma may provide new insights to understand the biomechanical alterations in keratoconus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Kwok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2647The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1110, USA
| | - Nicholas Hazen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2647The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1110, USA.,Biophysics Interdisciplinary Group, 2647The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1110, USA
| | - Keyton Clayson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2647The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1110, USA.,Biophysics Interdisciplinary Group, 2647The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1110, USA
| | - Xueliang Pan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, 2647The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1110, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2647The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1110, USA.,Biophysics Interdisciplinary Group, 2647The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1110, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 2647The Ohio State University, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1110, USA
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Helms RW, Minhaz AT, Wilson DL, Örge FH. Clinical 3D Imaging of the Anterior Segment With Ultrasound Biomicroscopy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:11. [PMID: 34003945 PMCID: PMC7961115 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is an important ophthalmic imaging modality due to its ability to see behind pigmented iris and to visualize anterior chamber when the eye's transparency is compromised. We created a three-dimensional UBM (3D-UBM) system and acquired example images to illustrate its potential. Methods A commercial 50-MHz two-dimensional UBM (2D-UBM) system was attached to a precision translation stage and translated across the eye to acquire an image volume. The stage was mounted on a surgical microscope, which enabled safe, stable positioning. Image processing steps included image alignment, noise reduction, and calibration. 3D visualization included alignment of the optic axis, multiplanar reformatting at arbitrary orientations, and volume rendering with optimized transfer functions. Scans were performed on cadaver and rabbit eyes. Results 3D-UBM allowed visualization of the anterior segment tissues within a 3D anatomical context, unlike 2D-UBM. En face views and interactive slicer operations suggested an ability to plan and assess treatments, including lens placement and microcatheter cannulation of Schlemm's canal. Interactive software allowed us to make accurate measurements of tissue structures (e.g., iridocorneal angles, cyst volumes). In addition, unique measurements of ciliary tissues included single ciliary process volumes of 0.234 ± 0.093 mm3 with surface areas of 3.02 ± 1.07 mm2 and ciliary muscle volume of 67.87 mm3. Conclusions 3D-UBM imaging of the anterior segment can be used to enable unique visualization and quantification of anterior segment structures. Translational Relevance 3D-UBM provides informative 3D imaging of tissues in the eye that are invisible to light to potentially provide physicians with improved diagnosis, treatment planning, and treatment assessment as compared to conventional 2D-UBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Helms
- Center for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed Tahseen Minhaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David L Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Faruk H Örge
- Center for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Potop V, Coviltir V, Schmitzer S, Dragosloveanu CDM, Ionescu CI, Burcel MG, Corbu MC, Dăscălescu DMC. Ultrasound biomicroscopy in glaucoma assessment. Rom J Ophthalmol 2021; 65:114-119. [PMID: 34179574 PMCID: PMC8207866 DOI: 10.22336/rjo.2021.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is an important tool in the diagnosis, evaluation and follow up of glaucoma patients. Even if we are dealing with a primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) or a primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patient, the mechanism of angle closure can be revealed by performing an UBM. The device can help differentiate between the two types of glaucoma even in patients with opaque corneas when gonioscopy cannot be performed. Knowing the type of glaucoma is vital, especially regarding an individualized treatment, since each patient is unique and needs to be treated accordingly, in order to prevent glaucomatous optic neuropathy and visual field loss. Abbreviations: AC = anterior chamber, ICE = iridocorneal endothelial syndrome, IOP = intraocular pressure, NTG = normal tension glaucoma, PACG = primary angle closure glaucoma, PC = posterior chamber, PEX = pseudoexfoliation syndrome, POAG = primary open angle glaucoma, UBM = ultrasound biomicroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile Potop
- Ophthalmology Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Ophthalmology Department, Clinical Hospital of Ophthalmologic Emergencies, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valeria Coviltir
- Ophthalmology Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Ophthalmology Department, Clinical Hospital of Ophthalmologic Emergencies, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Speranţa Schmitzer
- Ophthalmology Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Ophthalmology Department, Clinical Hospital of Ophthalmologic Emergencies, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Christiana Diana Maria Dragosloveanu
- Ophthalmology Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Ophthalmology Department, Clinical Hospital of Ophthalmologic Emergencies, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Maria Cristina Corbu
- Ophthalmology Department, Clinical Hospital of Ophthalmologic Emergencies, Bucharest, Romania
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Keenan AV, Townsend WM. Evaluation of equine corneal disease using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 25 Suppl 1:179-184. [PMID: 33694251 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical use of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) to evaluate equine corneal disease. METHODS Images were obtained using a 50-MHz probe ultrasound biomicroscopy system (Quantel Aviso) and Clear Scan® probe cover. Six horses with corneal disease were evaluated via UBM for lesion size, lesion depth, and continuity of Descemet's membrane. Horses were sedated and received auriculopalpebral nerve blocks and application of topical anesthetic prior to UBM. RESULTS Ultrasound biomicroscopy was easily performed in all cases. UBM evaluation of three cases of corneo-limbal squamous cell carcinoma yielded information regarding lesion depth for planning of keratectomies using fixed-depth keratomes and subsequent β-radiation therapy. Corneal depth and continuity of Descemet's membrane were determined in two horses with stromal abscesses and allowed for planning of therapeutic options. In one horse with a corneal foreign body, UBM contributed to accurate assessment of the foreign body's stromal depth, which could not be assessed during ophthalmic examination due to extensive corneal cellular infiltrate. The information regarding corneal depth allowed for more accurate pre-surgical planning in patients with opaque corneal lesions. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound biomicroscopy was easily performed and provided useful information regarding lesion depth and continuity of Descemet's membrane for patients with corneo-limbal squamous cell carcinoma, stromal abscesses, and a corneal foreign body, allowing for increased precision in pre-surgical planning and development of therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra V Keenan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Wendy M Townsend
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Konopińska J, Lisowski Ł, Mariak Z, Obuchowska I. Clinical Features of Iris Cysts in Long-Term Follow-Up. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020189. [PMID: 33430337 PMCID: PMC7825794 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the characteristics and clinical course of patients with iris cysts in the long-term follow-up (24–48 months). We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 39 patients with iris cysts (27 women and 12 men). Age, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), slit-lamp evaluation, and ultrasound biomicroscopy images were assessed. The mean age at diagnosis was 40.6 ± 17.48 years. Thirty (76.9%) cysts were peripheral, five (12.8%) were located at the pupillary margin, two (5.1%) were midzonal, and two (5.1%) were multichamber cysts extending from the periphery to the pupillary margin. A total of 23 (59%) cysts were in the lower temporal quadrant, 11 (28.2%) were in the lower nasal quadrant, and 5 (12.8%) were in the upper nasal quadrant. Cyst size was positively correlated with patient age (rs = 0.38, p = 0.003) and negatively correlated with visual acuity (rs = −0.42, p = 0.014). Cyst growth was not observed. The only complication was an increase in IOP in three (7.7%) patients with multiple cysts. The anatomical location of the cysts cannot differentiate them from solid tumors. The vast majority of cysts are asymptomatic, do not increase in size, and do not require treatment during long-term follow-up.
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Adekanmi A, Ogun O, Adeniji-Sofoluwe A, Obajimi M. A 5-YEAR REVIEW OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF OCULAR DISEASES AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL IBADAN, SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2020; 18:152-159. [PMID: 34421457 PMCID: PMC8369397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orbito-ocular diseases are a major public health issue, often causing visual impairment with serious socioeconomic implications on individual lives. Ocular ultrasonography is an invaluable diagnostic tool when clinical examination of the ocular fundus is difficult. OBJECTIVES To describe the indications, sonographic findings, and contribution of orbito-ocular ultrasonography to the management of orbito-ocular diseases in the University College Hospital, Ibadan. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of B-mode ocular ultrasound findings and hospital data of all patients referred to the Radiology department of the University College Hospital, Ibadan for ocular Ultrasound between January 2014 - December 2018. RESULTS There were 142 patients, aged 1-85 years, (median age =28 years). 72 (50.7%) patients were under 30 years of age, and 50 (35.2%) were pediatric cases. Male to female ratio was 1.84:1. The commonest presenting complaint was blurred vision in 97 (68.3%) cases, followed by eye trauma in 54 (38.0%). B-mode Ultrasound, demonstrated cataract in 63 (44.4%,) cases, vitreous hemorrhage in 42 (29.6%), retinal detachment in 27 (19.0%), vitreous detachment in 19 (13.4%), normal findings in 17 (12%) and orbital tumors in 13 (9.2%) patients. B-mode ultrasound scan and clinical diagnosis demonstrated good agreement in 91 /142 cases (64.1%), partial agreement in 23/142 (16.2%) cases, and no agreement in 28 (19.7%). Kappa agreement scores, K were 74.3% and 70.9%, for ruptured globe and cataract respectively. CONCLUSION Orbito-ocular ultrasonography contributes significantly to the diagnosis of orbito-ocular disease and shows good correlation with clinical diagnoses. However, a future study with larger numbers is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Adekanmi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - O.A. Ogun
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A.T. Adeniji-Sofoluwe
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - M.O. Obajimi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Biometric Measurement of Anterior Segment: A Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20154285. [PMID: 32752014 PMCID: PMC7435894 DOI: 10.3390/s20154285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biometric measurement of the anterior segment is of great importance for the ophthalmology, human eye modeling, contact lens fitting, intraocular lens design, etc. This paper serves as a comprehensive review on the historical development and basic principles of the technologies for measuring the geometric profiles of the anterior segment. Both the advantages and drawbacks of the current technologies are illustrated. For in vivo measurement of the anterior segment, there are two main challenges that need to be addressed to achieve high speed, fine resolution, and large range imaging. One is the motion artefacts caused by the inevitable and random human eye movement. The other is the serious multiple scattering effects in intraocular turbid media. The future research perspectives are also outlined in this paper.
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Shakarchi AF, Woreta F, Stroh IG, Eberhart CG, Vizcaino MA, Collins ME. Partial-thickness scleral defect in a congenital scleral epithelial cyst. J AAPOS 2020; 24:169-172. [PMID: 32259584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Congenital corneoscleral epithelial cysts can be associated with scleral thinning secondary to pressure from the expanding cyst. We report a congenital scleral epithelial cyst associated with a likely primary partial-thickness scleral defect. The defect appeared as a full-thickness communication between the cyst and posterior chamber on ultrasound biomicroscopy, most likely because the scleral remnant was too thin to be appreciated on imaging. The cyst was treated surgically by aspiration, excision of the anterior wall, and fibrin glue closure of the cyst cavity, with no recurrence after 14 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Shakarchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fasika Woreta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Inna G Stroh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M Adelita Vizcaino
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Megan E Collins
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Choi S, Kim JY, Lim HG, Baik JW, Kim HH, Kim C. Versatile Single-Element Ultrasound Imaging Platform using a Water-Proofed MEMS Scanner for Animals and Humans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6544. [PMID: 32300153 PMCID: PMC7162865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-element transducer based ultrasound (US) imaging offers a compact and affordable solution for high-frequency preclinical and clinical imaging because of its low cost, low complexity, and high spatial resolution compared to array-based US imaging. To achieve B-mode imaging, conventional approaches adapt mechanical linear or sector scanning methods. However, due to its low scanning speed, mechanical linear scanning cannot achieve acceptable temporal resolution for real-time imaging, and the sector scanning method requires specialized low-load transducers that are small and lightweight. Here, we present a novel single-element US imaging system based on an acoustic mirror scanning method. Instead of physically moving the US transducer, the acoustic path is quickly steered by a water-proofed microelectromechanical (MEMS) scanner, achieving real-time imaging. Taking advantage of the low-cost and compact MEMS scanner, we implemented both a tabletop system for in vivo small animal imaging and a handheld system for in vivo human imaging. Notably, in combination with mechanical raster scanning, we could acquire the volumetric US images in live animals. This versatile US imaging system can be potentially used for various preclinical and clinical applications, including echocardiography, ophthalmic imaging, and ultrasound-guided catheterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwook Choi
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Gyun Lim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Baik
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ham Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Mezad-Koursh D, Rosenblatt A, Cohen S, Neudorfer M, Keynan I, Stolovitch C, Zur D. Accuracy of the Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Bag/Balloon Technique in Locating Horizontal Extraocular Muscle Insertions Before and After Strabismus Surgery. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2020; 57:12-20. [PMID: 31972035 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20191115-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the accuracy of high frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy using the bag/balloon technique to locate recti muscle insertions before and after strabismus surgery. METHODS This was a prospective masked study. The distance from the limbus to horizontal recti muscle insertions was measured by caliper intraoperatively and ultrasound biomicroscopy preoperatively and during follow-up. Accuracy was defined as the difference between ultrasound biomicroscopy and caliper measurements. RESULTS Thirty-nine muscles (19 medial rectus and 20 lateral rectus) of 22 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 34.7 ± 15.5 years (range: 18 to 78 years). Follow-up measurements were available for 25 muscles: 12 muscles were recessed and 13 were resected/advanced. Twelve of the included muscles underwent prior surgery. There was a strong correlation between preoperative mean ultrasound biomicroscopy and caliper measurements (P < .001, rp = 0.872) without significant difference between the accuracy of identification of medial rectus and lateral rectus muscles (P = .116 and .377, respectively). On average, postoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy measurements of recessed muscles were 1.15 mm greater than caliper measurements at the end of surgery (P = .003), whereas the mean difference in the resected muscles was not statistically significant (-0.07 mm, P > .999). Overall, in 16 of 25 muscles (64%), the differences between the postoperative measurements and the end of surgery measurements were less than 1 mm. There was no correlation between the accuracy and the time of ultrasound biomicroscopy after surgery (P = .516). CONCLUSIONS The ultrasound biomicroscopy bag/balloon technique is an accurate and reliable method of locating recti muscle insertions before and after strabismus surgery. Ultrasound biomicroscopy may assist strabismologists in planning repeated operations. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2020;57(1):12-20.].
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Yu J, Jin D, Chan KF, Wang Q, Yuan K, Zhang L. Active generation and magnetic actuation of microrobotic swarms in bio-fluids. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5631. [PMID: 31822669 PMCID: PMC6904566 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, various types of animals will form self-organised large-scale structures. Through designing wireless actuation methods, microrobots can emulate natural swarm behaviours, which have drawn extensive attention due to their great potential in biomedical applications. However, as the prerequisite for their in-vivo applications, whether microrobotic swarms can take effect in bio-fluids with complex components has yet to be fully investigated. In this work, we first categorise magnetic active swarms into three types, and individually investigate the generation and navigation behaviours of two types of the swarms in bio-fluids. The influences of viscosities, ionic strengths and mesh-like structures are studied. A strategy is then proposed to select the optimised swarms in different fluidic environments based on their physical properties, and the results are further validated in various bio-fluids. Moreover, we also realise the swarm generation and navigation in bovine eyeballs, which also validates the proposed prediction in the ex-vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfan Yu
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Dongdong Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Kai-Fung Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Ke Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
- T-Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Taylor DP, Kaigala GV. Fluidic Bypass Structures for Improving the Robustness of Liquid Scanning Probes. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2491-2498. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2890602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tone SO, Jurkunas U. Imaging the Corneal Endothelium in Fuchs Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy. Semin Ophthalmol 2019; 34:340-346. [PMID: 31215821 PMCID: PMC6629500 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2019.1632355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the corneal endothelium (CE). The purpose of this article is to review the diagnostic tools available to image and assess the CE in FECD. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy with specular reflection and retroillumination are important techniques to assess the CE. Objective diagnostic tests, such as retroillumination photographic analysis, specular microscopy, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), and anterior segment optical coherence tomography, are valuable tools to evaluate the CE in FECD. Specular microscopy can be performed rapidly without touching the eye but requires a clear cornea with a smooth CE. In contrast, IVCM can image all layers of the cornea, even in advanced FECD. However, IVCM is contact-based and more technically challenging. It is important to select the appropriate objective diagnostic test to image and assess the CE in managing patients with FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ong Tone
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ula Jurkunas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Kubelick KP, Snider EJ, Ethier CR, Emelianov S. Development of a stem cell tracking platform for ophthalmic applications using ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Theranostics 2019; 9:3812-3824. [PMID: 31281515 PMCID: PMC6587354 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world. Disease progression is associated with reduced cellularity in the trabecular meshwork (TM), a fluid drainage tissue in the anterior eye. A promising therapy seeks to deliver stem cells to the TM to regenerate the tissue and restore its function. However, like many stem cell-based regenerative therapies, preclinical development relies heavily on histology to evaluate outcomes. To expedite clinical translation, we are developing an ultrasound/photoacoustic (US/PA) imaging platform for longitudinal tracking of stem cells in the anterior eye. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were labeled with gold nanospheres in vitro and injected through the cornea into the anterior chamber of ex vivo porcine eyes. Physiological pressure was imposed to mimic in vivo conditions. AuNS-labeled MSCs were injected through the cornea while single-wavelength US/PA images were acquired. At 5 hours post-injection, three-dimensional multi-wavelength US/PA datasets were acquired and spectroscopic analysis was used to detect AuNS-labeled MSCs. US/PA results were compared to fluorescent microscopy. Results: The US/PA imaging platform was able to provide real-time monitoring of the stem cell injection and distinguish AuNS-labeled MSCs from highly absorbing background tissues in the anterior segment. Conclusion: Our US/PA imaging approach can inform preclinical studies of stem cell therapies for glaucoma treatment, motivating further development of this theranostic imaging tool for ophthalmic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey P. Kubelick
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Eric J. Snider
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - C. Ross Ethier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Stanislav Emelianov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Kang S, Park E, Seo K. A new treatment for presumed corneal epithelial inclusion cyst in a shih-tzu dog. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 61:776-781. [PMID: 31016746 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An 8-year-old female shih-tzu was assessed for a 3-year history of yellow intrastromal material in the right eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed a yellow lesion in the upper half of the cornea, superficial corneal neovascularisation and oedema with negative fluorescein staining in the right eye. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed a nearly anechoic cystic space surrounded by hyperechoic oedematous cornea separating the stroma at three-quarters of the corneal depth. Two partial-thickness corneal incisions were performed around the lesion under topical anaesthesia. After cytology and culture sampling, intrastromal flushing was performed. A yellow viscous necrotic tissue was identified with no microorganism or evidence of tumour formation. Antibiotics, anti-inflammatories and a bandage contact lens were applied. Ultrasound biomicroscopy confirmed no recurrence 8 days later. Corneal neovascularisation and oedema gradually resolved through a 2-week follow-up. There was no recurrence in the subsequent 8 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - E Park
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - K Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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