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García-Mayor J, Moreno-Llamas A, De la Cruz-Sánchez E. How socioeconomic status affects weight status through health-related lifestyles: a latent class analysis. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2023; 22:730-744. [PMID: 36316287 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Obesity levels have increased worldwide with serious public health concerns. However, weight status is related to socioeconomic status (SES), which may also influence health-related lifestyles. Here, we study the association between SES and obesity mediated by diet and physical activity. METHODS AND RESULTS Using cross-sectional data from 2006, 2011, 2014, and 2017 Spanish health surveys (the final sample consisted of 61 768 adults aged between 18 and 64 years), we conducted a latent class analysis to estimate health-related lifestyle clusters (based on dietary patterns and physical activity) and mediation analyses to evaluate the association of SES and obesity through the clustering of health-related lifestyles. In both men and women, SES was inversely related to obesity (P < 0.001) and positively related to healthier lifestyle classes (P < 0.001). Obesity was inversely related to healthier lifestyle classes (P < 0.001). A small-although significant-proportion mediated by the clustering of lifestyles was found as follows: 4.9%, 95% CI (6.6%, 3.2%) in men and 2.3%, 95% CI (3.4%, 1.3%) in women for educational attainment, 5.3%, 95% CI (7.2%, 3.6%) in men and 2.0%, 95% CI (2.9%, 1.1%) in women for occupational social class, and 4.9%, 95% CI (6.5%, 3.1%) and 1.9%, 95% CI (2.9%, 1.1%) combining the above two SES indicators. CONCLUSIONS SES is related to obesity through clustering health-related lifestyles, with greater emphasis on men. However, the complex relationship between SES and weight status also suggests other indicators that contribute to the social gradient of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús García-Mayor
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, San Javier Campus, University of Murcia, C/Santa Alicia s/n, Murcia 30720, Spain
| | - Antonio Moreno-Llamas
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, San Javier Campus, University of Murcia, C/Santa Alicia s/n, Murcia 30720, Spain
| | - Ernesto De la Cruz-Sánchez
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, San Javier Campus, University of Murcia, C/Santa Alicia s/n, Murcia 30720, Spain
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Camacho-Barcia L, Lucas I, Miranda-Olivos R, Jiménez-Murcia S, Fernández-Aranda F. Applying psycho-behavioural phenotyping in obesity characterization. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:871-883. [PMID: 37261609 PMCID: PMC10492697 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09810-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in obesity, beyond being explained by metabolic and medical complications, are understood by alterations in eating behaviour which underlie psychological processes. From this psychological perspective, studies have identified several potential characteristic features at the psycho-behavioural level that could additionally explain the maintenance of chronic excess weight or the unsuccessful results of current treatments. To date, despite the growing evidence, the heterogeneity of the psychological evidence associated with obesity has made it challenging to generate consensus on whether these psycho-behavioural phenotypes can be a complement to improve outcomes of existing interventions. For this reason, this narrative review is an overview focused on summarizing studies describing the psycho-behavioural phenotypes associated with obesity. Based on the literature, three psychological constructs have emerged: reward dependence, cognitive control, and mood and emotion. We discuss the clinical implications of stratifying and identifying these psycho-behavioural profiles as potential target for interventions which may ensure a better response to treatment in individuals with obesity. Our conclusions pointed out a considerable overlap between these psycho-behavioural phenotypes suggesting bidirectional interactions between them. These findings endorse the complexity of the psycho-behavioural features associated with obesity and reinforce the need to consider them in order to improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Camacho-Barcia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Muntefering C, Fields B, Christensen JR. Going Beyond Management and Maintenance: Occupational Therapy's Role in Primary Prevention for Adults at Risk of Obesity. Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:7705347020. [PMID: 37824722 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.050154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to address the escalating obesity epidemic by examining new methods of care. Adult obesity has historically been addressed through management and maintenance once an individual is clinically diagnosed as obese. Research and practice demonstrate that significant weight loss can be difficult to achieve and even harder to maintain. Despite this, preventive interventions targeted toward adult obesity have been limited in many health care professions, including occupational therapy. As professionals who are skilled in supporting clients' holistic development of healthy habits and routines, occupational therapists are equipped to play a key role in moving health care practices away from a reactive model of care to a proactive one that emphasizes primary prevention. This column identifies how this issue is aligned with occupational therapy's domain and presents potential examples of interventions to support adult obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Muntefering
- Chloe Muntefering, MS, OTR/L, is Doctoral Candidate, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison;
| | - Beth Fields
- Beth Fields, PhD, OTR/L, BCG, is Assistant Professor, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Jeanette Reffstrup Christensen
- Jeanette Reffstrup Christensen, PhD, OTR/L, is Associate Professor, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, and Senior Researcher, Research Unit of General Practice, Aarhus, Denmark
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4
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Annesi JJ. Theory to treatment to theory: Evolving a community-based obesity intervention. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2023; 98:102270. [PMID: 36921406 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2023.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Within weight-loss treatments, a better understanding of psychosocial correlates of exercise and controlled eating is required to improve lagging outcomes. Within this two-phase study, women with obesity participating in community-based treatments with educational (Phase 1 n = 57, Phase 2 n = 44) and behavioral (Phase 1 n = 80, Phase 2 n = 53) formats were contrasted on psychosocial variables over 3 and 6 months and their interrelations based on the mood-behavior-model and coaction theory. Phase 1 findings informed curricular extensions in Phase 2. In Phase 1, there were significant overall improvements in total mood disturbance, self-regulation of exercise, self-regulation of eating, and weight, which were more pronounced in the behavioral vs. educational format group (-3.5 % vs. -1.4 % weight loss, respectively). Mediation analyses indicated that change in self-regulation of exercise mediated the prediction of change in self-regulation of eating by mood change. Phase 2 findings were similar; however, effect sizes were greater (-6.2 % vs. -2.9 % weight loss, respectively). Within both phases, increased self-regulation of eating significantly predicted weight reduction. Paths from changes in mood→self-regulation of exercise→self-regulation of eating suggested future program attention focus on treatment-associated mood change reinforcing self-regulation, and self-regulation generalizing from an exercise to eating context. Methods of progressing treatment curricula via theory-testing were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Annesi
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Health Professions, Birmingham, AL, USA; California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA; Central Coast YMCA, Monterey, CA, USA.
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Annesi JJ, Eberly AA. Effects of women's age on their emotional eating changes within a self-regulation-focused obesity treatment. Health Care Women Int 2023; 45:537-549. [PMID: 37017593 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2023.2191321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Results of behavioral obesity treatments have generally been unsuccessful. Reduction of participants' emotional eating (EE) might be essential. Women with obesity within age-groups of emerging adult, young adult, and middle-aged adult - participating in a community-based obesity treatment centered around self-regulatory skills to control eating - were evaluated over 6 months. There were significant reductions in participants' EE and eating-related self-regulation. Participants' change in self-regulation significantly predicted their changes in depression-related, anxiety-related, and total EE. Participants' age group did not significantly affect either their degree of improvement or self-regulation-EE change relationships. Emphasizing self-regulatory skills development for the control of EE, regardless of age-group in women, was suggested by the study authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Annesi
- School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- College of Health Sciences and Human Services, California State University, Monterey Bay, California, USA
- Central Coast YMCA, Monterey, California, USA
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Uncovering Barriers and Facilitators of Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance: Insights from Qualitative Research. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051297. [PMID: 36904294 PMCID: PMC10005538 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term weight loss maintenance is often difficult to achieve. This review analysed qualitative data on self-perceived barriers and facilitators of weight loss and weight loss maintenance among weight loss intervention participants. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Qualitative studies written in English and published between 2011-2021 were eligible for inclusion if they explored the perspectives and experiences of individuals who received standardised dietary and behavioural support for weight loss. Studies were excluded if weight loss was achieved through self-directed methods, only increasing physical activity, or surgical or pharmacological interventions. Fourteen studies were included, totaling 501 participants from six countries. Thematic analysis was used to identify four aggregate themes: internal factors (i.e., motivation and self-efficacy), programme-specific factors (i.e., the intervention diet), social factors (i.e., supporters and saboteurs), and environmental factors (i.e., an obesogenic environment). Our findings demonstrate that internal, social, and environmental factors all influence weight loss success, as well as the acceptability of the weight loss intervention. Future interventions may be more successful if they prioritise participant acceptability and engagement by, for example, providing tailored interventions, a structured relapse management plan, strategies to enhance autonomous motivation and emotional self-regulation, and extended contact during weight loss maintenance.
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Fornasaro-Donahue V, Walls TA, Thomaz E, Melanson KJ. A Conceptual Model for Mobile Health-enabled Slow Eating Strategies. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:145-150. [PMID: 36274008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ingestive behaviors (IBs) (eg, bites, chews, oral processing, swallows, pauses) have meaningful roles in enhancing satiety, promoting fullness, and decreasing food consumption, and thus may be an underused strategy for obesity prevention and treatment. Limited IB monitoring research has been conducted because of a lack of accurate automated measurement capabilities outside laboratory settings. Self-report methods are used, but they have questionable validity and reliability. This paper aimed to present a conceptual model in which IB, specifically slow eating, supported by technological advancements, contributes to controlling hedonic and homeostatic processes, providing an opportunity to reduce energy intake, and improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodore A Walls
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Edison Thomaz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Kathleen J Melanson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Energy Balance Laboratory, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
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Effectiveness of a Worksite-Based Lifestyle Intervention on Employees' Obesity Control and Prevention in China: A Group Randomized Experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116738. [PMID: 35682322 PMCID: PMC9180232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study was to culturally adapt a lifestyle intervention for employees’ obesity control and prevention using a participatory process, and evaluate the effectiveness of the project at worksites. Methods: A group randomized experimental study included four worksites (two intervention, two control) in the Yangtze River Delta in China was conducted. A total of 388 participants (216 in the intervention worksites and 172 in the control worksites) were finally recruited from 955 employees at the four worksites (464 in the intervention worksites and 491 in the control worksites). The final evaluation was completed by two hundred and seventy-eight employees (159 in the intervention worksites and 119 in the control worksites, respectively). Data of demographic information, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and weight-related behaviors including diary behaviors and physical activities were collected before and after a 12-month intervention and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test, linear mixed regression and logistic mixed regression. Results: Although the intervention worksites had a reduction in body mass index (23.21 to 22.95, p < 0.01), hip circumference (95.97 to 95.28, p = 0.03) and waist-to-height ratio (0.49 to 0.48, p = 0.01), the differential changes compared to those of the control group were not statistically significant. The frequency of sweet beverages (−1.81, 95%CI: −0.52, −3.11), frequency of vegetable intake (5.66, 95%CI: 1.59, 9.74), daily servings of vegetables (0.53, 95%CI: 0.24, 0.82), frequency of fruit intake (3.68, 95%CI: 1.25, 6.12), daily servings of fruit (0.26, 95%CI: 0.44, 0.92), daily servings of vegetables and fruit (0.79, 95%CI: 0.43, 1.16), daily steps (863.19, 95%CI: 161.42, 1564.97) and self-efficacy to change physical activity (OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.02,3.60) were more improved in the intervention group than were those measures in the control group. Conclusions: The worksite-based lifestyle intervention project for obesity control and prevention improved several employees’ dietary behaviors and physical activities at worksites in China in a short time. Long-term intervention with larger samples in more worksites should be further examined.
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Estimating the benefits of obesity prevention on productivity: an Australian perspective. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1463-1469. [PMID: 35546611 PMCID: PMC9092329 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background/objectives Obesity poses one of the biggest public health challenges globally. In addition to the high costs of obesity to the healthcare system, obesity also impacts work productivity. We aimed to estimate the benefits of preventing obesity in terms of years of life, productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs) and associated costs over 10 years. Subjects/methods Dynamic life table models were constructed to estimate years of life and PALYs saved if all new cases of obesity were prevented among Australians aged 20–69 years from 2021 to 2030. Life tables were sex specific and the population was classified into normal weight, overweight and obese. The model simulation was first undertaken assuming currently observed age-specific incidences of obesity, and then repeated assuming all new cases of obesity were reduced by 2 and 5%. The differences in outcomes (years of life, PALYs, and costs) between the two modelled outputs reflected the potential benefits that could be achieved through obesity prevention. All outcomes were discounted by 5% per annum. Results Over the next 10 years, 132 million years of life and 81 million PALYs would be lived by Australians aged 20–69 years, contributing AU$17.0 trillion to the Australian economy in terms of GDP. A 5% reduction in new cases of obesity led to a gain of 663 years of life and 1229 PALYs, equivalent to AU$262 million in GDP. Conclusions Prevention of obesity is projected to result in substantial economic gains due to improved health and productivity. This further emphasises the need for public health prevention strategies to reduce this growing epidemic.
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Prioreschi A, Ware LJ, Draper CE, Lye S, Norris SA. Contextualising individual, household and community level factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake and screen time in Soweto, South Africa. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2022.2032901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Prioreschi
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa J Ware
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephen Lye
- Department of Physiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Human Development and Health, and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Chevance G, Baretta D, Romain AJ, Godino JG, Bernard P. Day-to-day associations between sleep and physical activity: a set of person-specific analyses in adults with overweight and obesity. J Behav Med 2022; 45:14-27. [PMID: 34427820 PMCID: PMC8382675 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to estimate whether physical activity on one day was associated with both sleep quality and quantity the following night and to examine to what extent sleep on one night was associated with physical activity the next day. We collected data from 33 young adults who were overweight or obese and consistently wore a Fitbit Charge 3. A total of 7094 days and nights were analyzed. Person-specific models were conducted to test the bi-directional associations for each participant separately. Results suggest an absence of association between steps and sleep efficiency in the two directions. More heterogeneous results were observed for the association between steps and total sleep time, with 19 participants (58%) showing a negative association between total sleep time and next day steps, and 9 (27%) showing a negative association between steps and next day total sleep time. Taken together, these results suggest a potential conflicting association between total sleep time and physical activity for some participants. Pre- and post-print doi: https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/nfjqv ; supplemental material: https://osf.io/y7nxg/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Chevance
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Carrer del Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Ahmed Jérôme Romain
- École de Kinésiologie Et Des Sciences de L'activité Physique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health At Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Job G Godino
- Center for Wireless & Population Health Systems, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Exercise and Physical Activity Resource Center, University of California, San Diego, USA
- Laura Rodriguez Research Institute, Family Health Centers of San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Paquito Bernard
- Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health At Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Saúl LA, Sanfeliciano A, Botella L, Perea R, Gonzalez-Puerto JA. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps as a Tool for Identifying Cognitive Conflicts That Hinder the Adoption of Healthy Habits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1411. [PMID: 35162434 PMCID: PMC8835037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Implementing healthy lifestyle habits can take a great effort and sticking to such prescriptions is complicated. Failure rates amongst people seeking to adopt a healthier diet are estimated to be around 80%. Exploring the network of meanings that an individual associates with adopting habits such as healthy eating, maintaining the correct weight, and practising physical exercise can reveal the inconsistencies, obstacles, or psychological conflicts that hinder change and target-achievement. Fuzzy cognitive maps (FCM) can be of great utility in this task as they allow us to explore the structure of the personal meaning system of an individual as well as determine any obstacles and simulate hypothetical scenarios that project its future evolution. This can help to identify the foci of cognitive conflicts that hinder the adoption of healthy habits and establish more effective personalised intervention programmes that make it easier to maintain these habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Angel Saúl
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain or (A.S.); (R.P.); (J.A.G.-P.)
| | - Alejandro Sanfeliciano
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain or (A.S.); (R.P.); (J.A.G.-P.)
| | - Luis Botella
- Facultat de Psicologia, Ciències de l’Educació i de l’Esport Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rafael Perea
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain or (A.S.); (R.P.); (J.A.G.-P.)
| | - Jose Antonio Gonzalez-Puerto
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain or (A.S.); (R.P.); (J.A.G.-P.)
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Russell C, Baker P, Grimes C, Lawrence MA. What are the benefits and risks of nutrition policy actions to reduce added sugar consumption? An Australian case study. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1-18. [PMID: 35067254 PMCID: PMC9991626 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980022000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to critically analyse Australia's current and proposed policy actions to reduce added sugar consumption. Over-consumption of added sugar is a significant public health nutrition issue. The competing interests, values and beliefs among stakeholders mean they have disparate views regarding which policy actions are preferable to reduce added sugar consumption. DESIGN Semi-structured interviews using purposive, snowball sampling and policy mapping. Policy actions were classified by two frameworks: NOURISHING (e.g. behaviour change communication, food environment and food system) and the Orders of Change (e.g. first order: technical adjustments, second order: reforming the system, third order: transforming the system). SETTING Australia. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-two stakeholders from the food industry, food regulation, government, public health groups and academia. RESULTS All proposed and existing policy actions targeted the food environment/behaviour change; most were assessed as first-order changes, and reductionist (nutrient specific) in nature. Influences on policy actions included industry power, stakeholder fragmentation, government ideology/political will and public pressure. Few stakeholders considered potential risks of policy actions, particularly of non-nutritive sweetener substitution or opportunity costs for other policies. CONCLUSIONS Most of Australia's policy actions to reduce added sugar consumption are reductionist. Preferencing nutrient specific, first-order policy actions could reflect the influence of vested interests, a historically dominant reductionist orientation to nutrition science and policy, and the perceived difficulty of pursuing second- or third-order changes. Pursuing only first-order policy actions could lead to 'regrettable' substitutions and creates an opportunity cost for more comprehensive policy aimed at adjusting the broader food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie Russell
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong3220, Australia
| | - Phillip Baker
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong3220, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Carley Grimes
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong3220, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Mark Andrew Lawrence
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong3220, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Agyemang C, van der Linden EL, Bennet L. Type 2 diabetes burden among migrants in Europe: unravelling the causal pathways. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2665-2675. [PMID: 34657183 PMCID: PMC8563673 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
European populations are ethnically and culturally diverse due to international migration. Evidence indicates large ethnic inequalities in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. This review discusses the burden of type 2 diabetes and its related complications, and the potential explanatory mechanisms among migrants in Europe. The current available data suggest that the rate of type 2 diabetes is higher in all migrant groups and that they develop this disease at an earlier age than the host European populations. The level of diabetes awareness among migrant populations is high, but glycaemic control remains suboptimal compared with Europeans. The culturally adapted lifestyle modification intervention trials to prevent type 2 diabetes mainly focus on South Asian adults in Europe. Diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications remain a major burden among migrant populations in Europe. Earlier studies found higher mortality rates among migrants, but recent studies seem to suggest a shifting trend in favour of first-generation migrants. However, the extent of the burden of type 2 diabetes varies across migrant groups and European countries. Despite the higher burden of type 2 diabetes among migrants, the key underlying factors are not well understood mainly due to limited investment in basic science research and development of prospective cohort studies. We hypothesise that the underlying risk factors for the high burden of type 2 diabetes and its related complications in migrants are multifaceted and include pre-migration factors, post-migration factors and genetic predispositions. Given the multi-ethnic nature of the current European population, there is a clear need for investment in research among migrant populations to gain insight into factors driving the high burden of type 2 diabetes and related complications to facilitate prevention and treatment efforts in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Agyemang
- Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Eva L van der Linden
- Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louise Bennet
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research and Trial Centre, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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15
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Williams BD, Whipps J, Sisson SB, Guseman EH. Associations between health-related family environment and objective child sleep quality. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:1031-1036. [PMID: 33571379 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the relationship between the family environment and behaviours with objective child sleep quality. METHODS Twenty-four children (aged 2-5 years) and their parents participated. Child sleep was assessed by accelerometer. Health of the family environment was quantified using the Family Nutrition and Physical Activity Screening Tool (FNPA). Exact Wilcoxon rank sum tests and linear regression were used to determine associations between FNPA scores and child sleep. RESULTS Healthier Total FNPA, Physical Activity FNPA, and Sleep Routine scores were associated with earlier bedtime. Healthier Sleep Routine score was associated with more total minutes of sleep per night. Healthier screen time-related FNPA construct scores were associated with earlier bedtime. CONCLUSIONS A composite score of family environment and behaviours, including physical activity- and nutrition-related constructs, was related to child sleep quality. Focus should be placed on the obesogenic family environment and healthy sleep routines to promote overall health among pre-school-aged populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany D Williams
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Jonathon Whipps
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States.,Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States
| | - Susan B Sisson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Emily H Guseman
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States.,Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, United States.,Department of Primary Care, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio, United States
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16
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Batsis JA, Apolzan JW, Bagley PJ, Blunt HB, Divan V, Gill S, Golden A, Gundamraj S, Heymsfield S, Kahan S, Kopatsis K, Port A, Parks EP, Reilly CA, Rubino D, Saunders KH, Shean R, Tabaza L, Stanley A, Tchang BG, Gundumraj S, Kidambi S. A Systematic Review of Dietary Supplements and Alternative Therapies for Weight Loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1102-1113. [PMID: 34159755 PMCID: PMC8231729 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary supplements and alternative therapies are commercialized as a panacea for obesity/weight gain as a result of the minimal regulatory requirements in demonstrating efficacy. These products may indirectly undermine the value of guideline-driven obesity treatments. Included in this study is a systematic review of the literature of purported dietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss in participants aged ≥18 years. Searches of Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase (Ovid) were conducted. Risk of bias and results were summarized qualitatively. RESULTS Of the 20,504 citations retrieved in the database search, 1,743 full-text articles were reviewed, 315 of which were randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of 14 purported dietary supplements, therapies, or a combination thereof. Risk of bias and sufficiency of data varied widely. Few studies (n = 52 [16.5%]) were classified as low risk and sufficient to support efficacy. Of these, only 16 (31%) noted significant pre/post intergroup differences in weight (range: 0.3-4.93 kg). CONCLUSIONS Dietary supplements and alternative therapies for weight loss have a limited high-quality evidence base of efficacy. Practitioners and patients should be aware of the scientific evidence of claims before recommending use.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Batsis
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, and the Department of Nutrition, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John W. Apolzan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Sysytem, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Gill
- University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | | | | | - Steven Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Sysytem, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Scott Kahan
- Director, National Center for Weight and Wellness, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC
| | | | - Ava Port
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth Prout Parks
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Healthy Weight Program, Perelman Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Clifford A. Reilly
- The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Burlington VT
| | - Domenica Rubino
- Washington Center for Weight Management and Research, Arlington, VA
| | - Katherine H. Saunders
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ryan Shean
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Luai Tabaza
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abishek Stanley
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University Sysytem, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Beverly G. Tchang
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Shivani Gundumraj
- AT Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, Mesa, AZ
| | - Srividya Kidambi
- Division of Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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17
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Moving Mindfully: The Role of Mindfulness Practice in Physical Activity and Health Behaviours. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2021; 6:jfmk6010019. [PMID: 33578852 PMCID: PMC7985766 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Participation in regular physical activity yields numerous psychological and physical health benefits. Despite this, a large proportion of the global population is increasingly becoming inactive and sedentary, which has been linked to various causes of morbidity and mortality. One practice that has been found to encourage healthy participation in physical activity and associated health behaviours is mindfulness. Mindfulness practices have been consistently linked to higher levels of physical activity participation. However, the relationship between mindfulness practices and physical activity remains ambiguous. This present paper comments on the role of mindfulness practice in physical activity and health behaviours. Implications for future research and practice have also been addressed.
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18
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Annesi JJ, Johnson PH. Mitigation of the effects of emotional eating on sweets consumption by treatment-associated self-regulatory skills usage in emerging adult and middle-age women with obesity. Appetite 2020; 155:104818. [PMID: 32750395 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An urge to eat in response to negative emotions or mood (emotional eating) is associated with an overconsumption of unhealthy foods such as sweets. Propensities for emotional eating is most prevalent in women, but its effects might differ by age. Within behavioral obesity treatments, it is unclear whether learned self-regulatory skills mitigate the effects of emotional eating susceptibilities on sweets intake, or if expected exercise-induced mood improvements affect the emotional eating-sweets intake relationship. Emerging adult (18-25 years-of-age; n = 43) and middle-age (45-65 years-of-age; n = 79) women with obesity participating in the same cognitive-behavioral treatment that emphasized exercise prior to eating-behavior changes were assessed on levels of propensities for emotional eating, self-regulatory skills usage, mood, and intake of sweets. There were overall significant improvements in self-regulation for eating, overall mood, and daily intake of sweets; with a significantly greater reduction in sweets in the emerging adult women. Self-regulation for eating at Month 3 significantly mediated the prediction of sweets intake at Month 6 by overall emotional eating and emotional eating related to depression. When dimensions of mood (i.e., total negative mood, depression, anxiety, anger) at Month 3 were entered into the models as possible moderators of relationships between a corresponding dimension of emotional eating and sweets intake, anxiety was found to be a significant moderator. Because sweets intake was affected by age, it should be considered in behavioral obesity interventions. Findings suggested advantages of fostering self-regulatory skills and reductions in anxiety, possibly through supported exercise, to mitigate unhealthy eating behaviors associated with propensities for emotional eating.
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19
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Remesar X, Alemany M. Dietary Energy Partition: The Central Role of Glucose. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7729. [PMID: 33086579 PMCID: PMC7593952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have developed effective survival mechanisms under conditions of nutrient (and energy) scarcity. Nevertheless, today, most humans face a quite different situation: excess of nutrients, especially those high in amino-nitrogen and energy (largely fat). The lack of mechanisms to prevent energy overload and the effective persistence of the mechanisms hoarding key nutrients such as amino acids has resulted in deep disorders of substrate handling. There is too often a massive untreatable accumulation of body fat in the presence of severe metabolic disorders of energy utilization and disposal, which become chronic and go much beyond the most obvious problems: diabetes, circulatory, renal and nervous disorders included loosely within the metabolic syndrome. We lack basic knowledge on diet nutrient dynamics at the tissue-cell metabolism level, and this adds to widely used medical procedures lacking sufficient scientific support, with limited or nil success. In the present longitudinal analysis of the fate of dietary nutrients, we have focused on glucose as an example of a largely unknown entity. Even most studies on hyper-energetic diets or their later consequences tend to ignore the critical role of carbohydrate (and nitrogen disposal) as (probably) the two main factors affecting the substrate partition and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Remesar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Faculty of Biology, University Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- IBUB Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marià Alemany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Faculty of Biology, University Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- IBUB Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Annesi JJ, Johnson PH. Emotional eating: A treatment-worthy construct, or artifact of relations between mood and eating behaviors in younger and older women with obesity. Scand J Psychol 2020; 62:193-202. [PMID: 33020941 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Emotional eating (EE) is considered important for controlling weight, especially in women; however, it might be affected by age. Within a recently proposed model assessing theoretical paths from physical activity to changes in psychological variables and then eating behavior and weight, it was unclear if EE was a construct requiring specific treatment attention or if attending to effects of physical activity-induced mood changes on eating was sufficient. Women with obesity of >35 years-of-age (n = 100) and ≤35 years (n = 44) participated in a behavioral weight loss treatment and were assessed on psychological factors and physical activity and eating behaviors over 6 months. At baseline, the younger group demonstrated significantly higher scores on physical activity and depression, and significantly lower scores on fruit/vegetable intake. Improvements in Tension (i.e., anxiety), Overall Negative Mood, and dimensions of EE from baseline-Month 3 were significantly greater in the younger group. Similar significant improvements in physical activity and the intake of sweets and fruits/vegetables over 6 months were observed in both groups. Incorporating aggregated data, change in physical activity was significantly related to mood improvements. With the exception of EE related to Anger/Frustration, changes in dimensions of EE and Overall EE significantly mediated the prediction of sweets and fruit/vegetable intake by corresponding dimensions of mood and Overall Mood. Age group significantly moderated embedded relationships between changes in Overall EE and EE-Anxiety and change in fruit/vegetable intake, with the older age group having stronger relations. Findings suggest that EE is a construct requiring distinct attention within behavioral obesity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping H Johnson
- Department of Health Promotion and Physical Education, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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21
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Stedman-Falls LM, Dallery J. Technology-based versus in-person deposit contract treatments for promoting physical activity. J Appl Behav Anal 2020; 53:1904-1921. [PMID: 32939749 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Deposit contracts involve participants depositing their own money and earning it back contingent on behavior change. Deposit contracts are empirically supported treatments for promoting health behavior, but they have a history of poor uptake. We compared the effectiveness and acceptability of technology-based versus in-person deposit contracts for promoting physical activity with 12 individuals. Participants' daily step counts were monitored using Fitbits across 6 weeks, and treatment preferences were assessed at the end of the study. The 2 types of treatments were equally effective in increasing physical activity, but the technology-based deposit contracts were preferred by most participants. Most participants also reported that their preference was related to convenience. Technology-based implementation may be one way to improve deposit contract uptake, while maintaining similar effectiveness compared to in-person procedures.
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22
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Samdal GB, Bezuijen P, Mongstad ØN, Eide GE, Abildsnes E, Mildestvedt T, Meland E. How are body mass and body attitude impacted by a behaviour change intervention in primary care? A pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Scand J Public Health 2020; 49:393-401. [PMID: 32791888 DOI: 10.1177/1403494820939027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aims:This study evaluated the effect of behaviour change interventions at Norwegian Healthy Life Centres on change in body mass index (BMI) and body attitude, and explored the predictors for change after 6 months. Methods: We randomised 118 participants to either an intervention or a control group. Eligible participants: ⩾18 years and able to take part in group-based interventions. Body attitude, weight, and height were assessed at inclusion and after 6 months. We analysed the data using simple and multiple regression. Results: Eighty-six participants completed 6-month follow-up. The study found no intervention effect on BMI or body attitude across the two groups. However, an interaction effect indicated that the leaner participants in the intervention group reduced their weight significantly (b 0.94, p < 0.001). BMI reduction was predicted by self-efficacy for physical activity and autonomous motivation for change. Weight loss was associated with impaired body attitude, body shape concern, impaired weight-related self-esteem, weight cycling, and controlled motivation for change. Improvement in body attitude was positively impacted by self-rated health, the experience of childhood respect, life satisfaction, and self-efficacy for physical activity. Impaired body attitude was predicted by body shape concern, impaired weight-related self-esteem, and controlled motivation. Conclusions: The interventions did not affect body mass on average, but promoted weight loss among the leaner participants. Because weight reduction was associated body shape concern and impaired body attitude, the study supports the claim that interventions should be weight neutral and aim to improve body image and psychological well-being rather than weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pieter Bezuijen
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Geir Egil Eide
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Thomas Mildestvedt
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Eivind Meland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
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23
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Allman-Farinelli M, Chen J, Chevance G, Partridge SR, Gemming L, Patrick K, Godino JG. The efficacy of electronic health interventions targeting improved sleep for achieving prevention of weight gain in adolescents and young to middle-aged adults: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13006. [PMID: 32037672 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is emerging as a modifiable risk factor in counteracting harmful weight gain. Electronic and mobile devices offer a channel for wide-reaching intervention delivery. This systematic review aimed to determine the efficacy of interventions that included sleep behaviour as part of health promotion for preventing weight gain. Seven databases were searched from 1 January 2000 until 28 June 2019. Eligible studies were controlled trials of weight gain prevention programs that addressed sleep in healthy participants aged 13 to 44 years of age. The primary outcome was change in measured or self-reported weight. From 824 publications located, only six eligible trials with a total of 3,277 participants were identified and all addressed multiple behaviours. One study demonstrated a decrease in weight for the intervention group, and two other studies showed a decreased prevalence of overweight and obesity. Only one trial showed improved sleep duration but failed to show differences in weight. No definitive conclusions concerning the efficacy of electronic weight gain prevention interventions that include sleep can be made, but future trials should provide more detail about intervention techniques used, employ objective sleep and physical activity measures and undertake mediation analysis to judge the contributions of changes in sleep to study outcomes. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42019121879.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana Chen
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Guillaume Chevance
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, The University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Luke Gemming
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kevin Patrick
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, The University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Job G Godino
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, The University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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24
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Benito PJ, López-Plaza B, Bermejo LM, Peinado AB, Cupeiro R, Butragueño J, Rojo-Tirado MA, González-Lamuño D, Gómez-Candela C. Strength plus Endurance Training and Individualized Diet Reduce Fat Mass in Overweight Subjects: A Randomized Clinical Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072596. [PMID: 32290136 PMCID: PMC7177353 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies with overweight people are a priority in order to observe the effect of the timing of intervention on pre-obesity people. The aim was to compare different physical activity programs plus an individualized hypocaloric diet on body composition in overweight subjects. A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in overweight adults with no history of relevant illness. Primary outcome was total fat mass (TFM). Participants were allocated into four activity programs with equal intensity and volume of exercise for 22 weeks: strength training (S), endurance training (E), strength + endurance training (SE), and ‘adhering to physical activity recommendations’ (C). Participants followed a diet with 25% less energy (50%–55% carbohydrates, 30%–35% fat) measured by accelerometer. Variables were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. One hundred nineteen from 205 subjects were randomized in the four exercise groups (S = 30/E = 30/SE = 30/C = 29) and 84 participants (36 men/48 women) ended the intervention (S = 19/E = 25/SE = 22/C = 18). At the end of the experiment, all groups except C increased their total physical activity (S = 1159 ± 1740; E = 1625 ± 1790; SE = 1699 ± 2516; C = 724 ± 1979 MET-min/week). Using an ANOVA-test, improvements were observed in body weight (S = −4.6 ± 4.5; E = −6.6 ± 4.6; SE = −8.5 ± 2.8; C = −6.1 ± 5.6 kg, p = 0.059) and TFM (S = −4.24 ± 2.02; E = −4.74 ± 2.96; SE = −6.74 ± 3.27; C = −3.94 ± 4.18%; p < 0.05). The main conclusion was that there were no adverse events. Strength and endurance training with a balanced, individualized hypocaloric diet was the most effective at reducing weight loss and fat mass in overweight subjects. Trial registration: NCT01116856.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.P.); (R.C.); (J.B.); (M.A.R.-T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-067-7989
| | - Bricia López-Plaza
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (B.L.-P.); (L.M.B.); (C.G.-C.)
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (B.L.-P.); (L.M.B.); (C.G.-C.)
| | - Ana B. Peinado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.P.); (R.C.); (J.B.); (M.A.R.-T.)
| | - Rocío Cupeiro
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.P.); (R.C.); (J.B.); (M.A.R.-T.)
| | - Javier Butragueño
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.P.); (R.C.); (J.B.); (M.A.R.-T.)
| | - Miguel A. Rojo-Tirado
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.P.); (R.C.); (J.B.); (M.A.R.-T.)
| | - Domingo González-Lamuño
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Marqués de Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Carmen Gómez-Candela
- Department of Nutrition, Hospital La Paz Health Research Institute (IdiPAZ), La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (B.L.-P.); (L.M.B.); (C.G.-C.)
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25
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between waist circumference as a measure of abdominal obesity and brain responses to stress among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Patients with CAD (N = 151) underwent acute mental stress tasks in conjunction with high-resolution positron emission tomography and radiolabeled water imaging of the brain. Brain responses to mental stress were correlated with waist circumference. RESULTS Waist circumference was positively correlated with increased activation in the right and left frontal lobes (β values ranging from 2.81 to 3.75 in the paracentral, medial, and superior gyri), left temporal lobe, left hippocampal, left amygdala, left uncus, and left anterior and posterior cingulate gyri (β values ranging from 2.93 to 3.55). Waist circumference was also negatively associated with the left and right parietal lobes, right superior temporal gyrus, and right insula and precuneus (β values ranging from 2.82 to 5.20). CONCLUSION Increased brain activation in the brain regions involved in the stress response and autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system during psychological stress may underlie stress-induced overeating and abdominal obesity in patients with CAD.
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26
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Rummo PE, Feldman JM, Lopez P, Lee D, Thorpe LE, Elbel B. Impact of Changes in the Food, Built, and Socioeconomic Environment on BMI in US Counties, BRFSS 2003-2012. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:31-39. [PMID: 31858733 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Researchers have linked geographic disparities in obesity to community-level characteristics, yet many prior observational studies have ignored temporality and potential for bias. METHODS Repeated cross-sectional data were used from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) (2003-2012) to examine the influence of county-level characteristics (active commuting, unemployment, percentage of limited-service restaurants and convenience stores) on BMI. Each exposure was calculated using mean values over the 5-year period prior to BMI measurement; values were standardized; and then variables were decomposed into (1) county means from 2003 to 2012 and (2) county-mean-centered values for each year. Cross-sectional (between-county) and longitudinal (within-county) associations were estimated using a random-effects within-between model, adjusting for individual characteristics, survey method, and year, with nested random intercepts for county-years within counties within states. RESULTS A negative between-county association for active commuting (β = -0.19; 95% CI: -0.23 to -0.16) and positive associations for unemployment (β = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.19) and limited-service restaurants (β = 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.14) were observed. An SD increase in active commuting within counties was associated with a 0.51-kg/m2 (95% CI: -0.72 to -0.31) decrease in BMI over time. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that community-level characteristics play an important role in shaping geographic disparities in BMI between and within communities over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale E Rummo
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Justin M Feldman
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Priscilla Lopez
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Lee
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lorna E Thorpe
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian Elbel
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Kegler MC, Bundy ŁT, Hartman T, Owolabi S, Haardörfer R. Promoting Healthier Home Food Environments Through 2-1-1: A Pilot and Feasibility Study. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2020; 43:276-286. [PMID: 32658029 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Relatively few interventions target the home food environment of adults for weight gain prevention. Using a pretest/posttest design, this study describes the adaptation and pilot testing of Healthy Homes/Healthy Families, a research-tested home food environment intervention, for telephone delivery to 2-1-1 clients (n = 101). The Healthy Eating Index-2015, a measure of diet quality, improved significantly at 4-month follow-up, as did the home food environment, with energy consumption improving in the expected direction. Overall findings suggest the simplified intervention will still be effective, although results may be attenuated and additional efforts may be needed for participant retention among 2-1-1 clients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Kegler
- Emory Prevention Research Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Drs Kegler and Haardörfer and Mss Bundy and Owolabi); and Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Dr Hartman)
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Cassanye A, Martín-Gari M, Portero-Otin M, Serrano JCE. Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Factors Profile after Dietary Bioactive Compound Weight Reduction Treatments in a Mice Obesity Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5870. [PMID: 31771102 PMCID: PMC6928597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged caloric intake above energy needs disturbs the body's ability to store and manage the excess of energy intake, leading to the onset of chronic degenerative diseases. This study aimed to compare the effect of three foods, which contain demonstrated bioactive compounds in the treatment of obesity and as an adjuvant in obesity energy restriction treatments. In a mice obesity model induced through a high-fat diet; fish oil, soluble fibre, and soy were incorporated to evaluate its capacity to modulate metabolic factors in adipose tissue during a continued fat intake or weight reduction through a normocaloric diet. As a result, fish oil improved mitochondrial related, adipose tissue hormone expression, and oxidation products when high-fat diets are consumed; while soluble fibre improved glucose and inflammation pathways during high-fat diet intake. In weight reduction treatments few differential features, as a treatment adjuvant, were observed for fish oil and soy; while soluble fibre was able to improve the weight reduction effects induced by a normocaloric diet. As a conclusion, soluble fibre supplementation compared to an energy reduction program, was the only treatment able to induce a significant additional effect in the improvement of weight loss and adipose tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José CE Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, NUTREN-Nutrigenomics, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.); (M.M.-G.); (M.P.-O.)
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Barrington WE, Beresford SAA. Eating Occasions, Obesity and Related Behaviors in Working Adults: Does it Matter When You Snack? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102320. [PMID: 31581416 PMCID: PMC6835708 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported relationships between frequency, type, and timing of eating occasions and obesity-risk among adults are mixed while associations with obesogenic eating behaviors remain unexplored. The Physical Activity and Changes in Eating (PACE) study was a group-randomized controlled trial to prevent weight gain among 34 small worksites in Seattle from 2005-2009. Baseline surveys assessed body mass index (BMI), obesogenic eating behaviors (e.g., fast food and distracted-eating), and eating occasions (i.e., snacks and meals) among 2265 employees. BMI and waist circumference were measured on a subset (n = 567). Time-periods for analyses included: morning (12:00 a.m. to 10:59 a.m.), mid-day (11:00 a.m. to 4:29 p.m.), and evening (4:30 p.m. to 11:59 p.m.). Multilevel linear models estimated associations between snack timing, obesity, and related behaviors while adjusting for meal timing, gender, and worksite random effects. Greater morning snacking was associated with increased fruit and vegetable consumption, while greater evening snacking was associated with higher BMI, higher obesogenic dietary index (intake of fast food, French fries, and soft drinks), and higher percent time eating while distracted. Associations with mid-day snacking were mixed. Patterns of association were consistent across repeated and objective measures. Findings suggest that evening snacking is more detrimental to healthy weight compared to snacking at other times of day. Reducing evening snacks may be an important and simple message for population-level obesity prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Barrington
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Paulo Dos Anjos Souza Barbosa J, Henrique Guerra P, de Oliveira Santos C, de Oliveira Barbosa Nunes AP, Turrell G, Antonio Florindo A. Walkability, Overweight, and Obesity in Adults: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173135. [PMID: 31466371 PMCID: PMC6747269 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review to describe and summarize possible associations between the walkability index, overweight, and obesity. Systematic searches using seven electronic databases and reference lists were conducted to identify papers published until December 2017. Observational studies, describing associations using regression-based statistical methods, published in English and Portuguese, reporting markers of overweight and obesity, and involving adults (≥18 years) were included. Of the 2469 references initially retrieved, ten were used for the descriptive synthesis. Seven studies showed significant inverse associations between walkability and overweight and obesity, however, all were cross-sectional studies. High risk of bias scores were observed in "selection bias" and "withdrawals and dropouts". All studies were published in high-income countries with sample sizes ranging among 75 to 649,513 participants. Weight and height as measures for determining BMI tended to be self-reported. Indicators of walkability, such as land-use mix, street connectivity and residential density were used as components of the indices. Based on this review, more studies should be conducted in low, middle, and middle-high income countries, using longitudinal designs that control neighborhood self-selection; other indicators of the neighborhood environment, such as food access, physical activity facilities, sidewalks, and safety and crime prevention should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Dos Anjos Souza Barbosa
- Nutrition Department, Graduate Program in Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo City 01246-904, Brazil.
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo City 03828-000, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Henrique Guerra
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo City 03828-000, Brazil
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó Campus, Chapecó 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Crislaine de Oliveira Santos
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo City 03828-000, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo City 03828-000, Brazil
| | | | - Gavin Turrell
- Centre for Urban Research, School of Global, Urban and Social Studies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Alex Antonio Florindo
- Nutrition Department, Graduate Program in Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo City 01246-904, Brazil
- Physical Activity Epidemiology Group, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo City 03828-000, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo City 03828-000, Brazil
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Velázquez KT, Enos RT, Bader JE, Sougiannis AT, Carson MS, Chatzistamou I, Carson JA, Nagarkatti PS, Nagarkatti M, Murphy EA. Prolonged high-fat-diet feeding promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alters gut microbiota in mice. World J Hepatol 2019; 11:619-637. [PMID: 31528245 PMCID: PMC6717713 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v11.i8.619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an epidemic largely due to the worldwide increase in obesity. While lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapies have been used to alleviate NAFLD, successful treatment options are limited. One of the main barriers to finding safe and effective drugs for long-term use in NAFLD is the fast initiation and progression of disease in the available preclinical models. Therefore, we are in need of preclinical models that (1) mimic the human manifestation of NAFLD and (2) have a longer progression time to allow for the design of superior treatments.
AIM To characterize a model of prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for investigation of the long-term progression of NAFLD.
METHODS In this study, we utilized prolonged HFD feeding to examine NAFLD features in C57BL/6 male mice. We fed mice with a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, and 20% carbohydrate) for 80 wk to promote obesity (Old-HFD group, n = 18). A low-fat diet (LFD) (14% fat, 32% protein, and 54% carbohydrate) was administered for the same duration to age-matched mice (Old-LFD group, n = 15). An additional group of mice was maintained on the LFD (Young-LFD, n = 20) for a shorter duration (6 wk) to distinguish between age-dependent and age-independent effects. Liver, colon, adipose tissue, and feces were collected for histological and molecular assessments.
RESULTS Prolonged HFD feeding led to obesity and insulin resistance. Histological analysis in the liver of HFD mice demonstrated steatosis, cell injury, portal and lobular inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, molecular analysis for markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress established that the liver tissue of HFD mice have increased phosphorylated Jnk and CHOP. Lastly, we evaluated the gut microbial composition of Old-LFD and Old-HFD. We observed that prolonged HFD feeding in mice increased the relative abundance of the Firmicutes phylum. At the genus level, we observed a significant increase in the abundance of Adercreutzia, Coprococcus, Dorea, and Ruminococcus and decreased relative abundance of Turicibacter and Anaeroplasma in HFD mice.
CONCLUSION Overall, these data suggest that chronic HFD consumption in mice can mimic pathophysiological and some microbial events observed in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandy T Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Reilly T Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Jackie E Bader
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Alexander T Sougiannis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Meredith S Carson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - James A Carson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
- College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
| | - E Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, United States
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McCrabb S, Lane C, Hall A, Milat A, Bauman A, Sutherland R, Yoong S, Wolfenden L. Scaling-up evidence-based obesity interventions: A systematic review assessing intervention adaptations and effectiveness and quantifying the scale-up penalty. Obes Rev 2019; 20:964-982. [PMID: 30868745 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Maximizing the benefits of investments in obesity research requires effective interventions to be adopted and disseminated broadly across populations (scaled-up). However, interventions often need considerable adaptation to enable implementation at scale, a process that can reduce the effects of interventions. A systematic review was undertaken for trials that sought to deliver an obesity intervention to populations on a larger scale than a preceding randomized controlled trial (RCT) that established its efficacy. Ten scaled-up obesity interventions (six prevention and four treatment) were included. All trials made adaptations to interventions as part of the scale-up process, with mode of delivery adaptations being most common. A meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI)/BMI z score (zBMI) from three prevention RCTs found no significant benefit of scaled-up interventions relative to control (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.03; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.15, P = 0.639 - I2 = 0.0%). All four treatment interventions reported significant improvement on all measures of weight status. Pooled BMI/zBMI data from prevention trials found significantly lower effects among scaled-up intervention trials than those reported in pre-scale-up efficacy trials (SMD = -0.11; 95% CI, -0.20 to -0.02, P = 0.018 - I2 = 0.0%). Across measures of weight status, physical activity/sedentary behaviour, and nutrition, the effects reported in scaled-up interventions were typically 75% or less of the effects reported in pre-scale-up efficacy trials. The findings underscore the challenge of scaling-up obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam McCrabb
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cassandra Lane
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alix Hall
- Clinical Research Design, IT, and Statistical Support (CReDITSS) Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Milat
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Sutherland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Clinical Research Design, IT, and Statistical Support (CReDITSS) Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Serene Yoong
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Clinical Research Design, IT, and Statistical Support (CReDITSS) Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
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Gill DP, Blunt W, Boa Sorte Silva NC, Stiller-Moldovan C, Zou GY, Petrella RJ. The HealtheSteps™ lifestyle prescription program to improve physical activity and modifiable risk factors for chronic disease: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:841. [PMID: 31253112 PMCID: PMC6599363 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to determine the influence of the HealtheSteps™ lifestyle prescription program on physical activity and modifiable risk factors for chronic disease in individuals at risk. METHODS One hundred eighteen participants were recruited from 5 sites in Southwestern Ontario, Canada and randomized to either the intervention (HealtheSteps™ program, n = 59) or a wait-list control group (n = 59). The study comprised three phases: an Active Phase (0 to 6 months) consisted of bi-monthly in-person lifestyle coaching with access to a suite of eHealth technology supports (Heathesteps app, telephone coaching and a private HealtheSteps™ social network) followed by a Minimally-Supported Phase I (6 to 12 months), in which in-person coaching was removed, but participants still had access to the full suite of eHealth technology supports. In the final stage, Minimally-Supported Phase II (12 to 18 months), access to the eHealth technology supports was restricted to the HealtheSteps™ app. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months. The study primary outcome was the 6-month change in average number of steps per day. Secondary outcomes included: self-reported physical activity and sedentary time; self-reported eating habits; weight and body composition measures; blood pressure and health-related quality of life. Data from all participants were analyzed using an intent-to-treat approach. We applied mixed effects models for repeated measurements and adjusted for age, sex, and site in the statistical analyses. RESULTS Participants in HealtheSteps™ increased step counts (between-group [95% confidence interval]: 3132 [1969 to 4294], p < 0.001), decreased their sitting time (- 0.08 [- 0.16 to - 0.006], p = 0.03), and improved their overall healthful eating (- 1.5 [- 2.42 to - 0.58], p = 0.002) to a greater extent compared to control at 6 months. Furthermore, exploratory results showed that these individuals maintained these outcomes 12 months later, after a minimally-supported phase; and retained improvements in sedentary time and improved healthful eating after 18 months. No differences in self-reported physical activity, health-related quality of life, weight, waist circumference or blood pressure were observed between groups at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that HealtheSteps™ is effective at increasing physical activity (i.e., step counts per day), decreasing weekday sitting time, and improving healthful eating in adults at increased risk for chronic disease after 6 months; however, we did not see change in other risk factors. Nonetheless, the maintenance of these behaviours with minimal support after 12 and even 18 months indicates the promise of HealtheSteps™ for long-term sustainability. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on April 6, 2015 with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02413385 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- D. P. Gill
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine – Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1465 Richmond St., London, ON N6G 2M1 Canada
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - W. Blunt
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine – Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1465 Richmond St., London, ON N6G 2M1 Canada
| | - N. C. Boa Sorte Silva
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine – Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1465 Richmond St., London, ON N6G 2M1 Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON Canada
| | - C. Stiller-Moldovan
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine – Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1465 Richmond St., London, ON N6G 2M1 Canada
| | - G. Y. Zou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON Canada
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc., London, ON Canada
| | - R. J. Petrella
- Centre for Studies in Family Medicine – Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1465 Richmond St., London, ON N6G 2M1 Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON Canada
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Adult weight gain accelerates the onset of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 176:649-656. [PMID: 31073792 PMCID: PMC7214103 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weight gain in adulthood is a risk factor for breast cancer; however, the impact on age of onset is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate whether weight gain from early- to mid-adulthood influenced the timing of breast cancer onset. METHODS Increase in body mass index (BMI) from lowest adult BMI to BMI at diagnosis and age at which these events occurred were calculated from breast cancer survivors enrolled in a weight loss trial (n = 660). Quartiles (Q) of the average increase in BMI were determined and associations between weight gain and age at disease onset were analyzed using analysis of covariance and spline regression models. RESULTS A significant linear trend was observed across the quartiles of BMI change for earlier age at diagnosis [Q1 52.3 (± 0.73), Q2 51.9 (± 0.70), Q3 49.6 (± 0.66), Q4 47.3 (± 0.67), p < 0.0001] after adjusting for potential confounders. In analyses that stratified by tumor subtype and menopausal status, significant linear trends continued to be observed for earlier age at diagnosis across quartiles of BMI for ER ± , PR ± , HER2 + , as well as pre- and postmenopausal status (p-values < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Women who gain excess weight during adulthood are not only at risk for breast cancer, but also may experience earlier onset of disease and reduced cancer-free years.
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Balhareth A, Meertens R, Kremers S, Sleddens E. Overweight and obesity among adults in the Gulf States: A systematic literature review of correlates of weight, weight-related behaviours, and interventions. Obes Rev 2019; 20:763-793. [PMID: 30653803 PMCID: PMC6850146 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has increased to an epidemic level in the Gulf States. This systematic review is the first to explore the scientific evidence on correlates and interventions for overweight (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25) or weight-related behaviours in the region. A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles was conducted using PubMed and PsycINFO. Ninety-one studies were eligible for this review including 84 correlate studies and seven intervention studies. Correlate studies of overweight focused on sociodemographic factors, physical activity, and dietary habits. Low physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and unhealthy dietary habits were associated with overweight. The most-reported sociodemographic correlates of overweight were increased age, being married, low education, urban residence, and unemployment. Correlate studies of physical activity and dietary behaviours mostly focused on sociodemographic variables. Being female and increased age (the latter less consistently) were associated with low physical activity. Interventions were very heterogeneous with respect to the target group, intensity, and behavioural strategies used. The effectiveness of interventions was difficult to evaluate because of the chosen study design or outcome measure, the small sample size, or high attrition rate. Few studies have investigated sociocognitive and environmental determinants of weight-related behaviours. Such information is crucial to developing health promotion initiatives that target those weight-related behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Balhareth
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Public Health and Tropical MedicineJazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
| | - Ree Meertens
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research InstituteMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Stef Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Ester Sleddens
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in MetabolismMaastricht University Medical Center+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
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Krystia O, Ambrose T, Darlington G, Ma DWL, Buchholz AC, Haines J. A randomized home-based childhood obesity prevention pilot intervention has favourable effects on parental body composition: preliminary evidence from the Guelph Family Health Study. BMC OBESITY 2019; 6:10. [PMID: 30873285 PMCID: PMC6398255 DOI: 10.1186/s40608-019-0231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Home-based lifestyle behaviour interventions show promise for treating and preventing childhood obesity. According to family theories, engaging the entire family unit, including parents, to change their family behaviour and dynamics may be necessary to prevent the development of childhood obesity. However, little is known about how these interventions, which may change the family dynamics and weight-related behaviours of parents, affect weight outcomes in parents. Our objective was to examine the effect of a pilot home-based childhood obesity prevention intervention on measures of anthropometrics and body composition in Canadian parents. Methods Forty-four families with children aged 1.5–5 years were randomized to one of three groups: 4 home visits with a health educator, emails, and mailed incentives (4 HV); 2 home visits, emails, and mailed incentives (2 HV); or general health emails (control). Both the 2 HV and 4 HV intervention were conducted over a period of 6 months. Body composition and anthropometric outcomes were measured at baseline and at 6 months and 18 months from baseline. Results In parents with baseline body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, the 2 HV group had significantly lower body mass and waist circumference at 6-month (CI = -5.85,-0.14 kg;-5.82,-0.30 respectively) and 18-month follow-up (CI = -7.57,-1.21 kg;-9.30,-2.50 cm respectively) when compared to control, and significantly lower BMI at 18-month follow-up when compared to control (CI = -2.59,-0.29 kg/m2). In parents with baseline BMI < 25 kg/m2, the 4 HV group had significantly lower percentage fat mass (CI = -3.94,-0.12%), while the 2 HV group had significantly lower body mass (CI = -2.56,-0.42 kg) and BMI (CI = -0.77,-0.08 kg/m2) at 6-month follow-up, both compared to control; these effects were not maintained at 18-month follow-up. Conclusions This study provides support that a home-based childhood obesity prevention intervention may improve weight outcomes among parents. Future research should explore how home-based interventions influence family behaviour and dynamics to impact weight outcomes in children and their parents. Trial registration Prospectively registered August 2014, clinical trial identifier NCT02223234.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Krystia
- 1Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Tory Ambrose
- 1Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Gerarda Darlington
- 2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- 3Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Andrea C Buchholz
- 1Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Jess Haines
- 1Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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Schneider J, Malinowski P, Watson PM, Lattimore P. The role of mindfulness in physical activity: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2019; 20:448-463. [PMID: 30468299 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite continued public health campaigns to promote physical activity, a majority of the population is inactive. In recent years, mindfulness-based approaches have been used in health and lifestyle interventions for physical activity promotion. We conducted a systematic literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to investigate the evidence for the potential of mindfulness-based approaches for physical activity. We searched electronic databases for papers that met eligibility criteria and identified 40 studies for inclusion. Evidence from cross-sectional studies (n = 20) indicated a positive relationship between dispositional mindfulness and physical activity, particularly with psychological factors related to physical activity. Five studies found that the mindfulness-physical activity relationship was mediated by stress, psychological flexibility, negative affect and shame, satisfaction and state mindfulness. Evidence from mindfulness-based interventions (n = 20) suggested positive between-subjects effects on physical activity, but interventions varied in duration, session length, group size, delivery, content and follow-up. Mindfulness-based interventions were more likely to be successful if they were physical activity-specific and targeted psychological factors related to physical activity. The body of research shows a need for more methodologically rigorous studies to establish the effect of mindfulness on physical activity and to identify potential mechanisms involved in the mindfulness-physical activity relationship reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schneider
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Malinowski
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - P M Watson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Lattimore
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Beresford SA, Bowen DJ, Littman AJ, Albano DL, Chan KG, Langer SL, Barrington WE, Patrick DL. Relationship of Socioeconomic Status Indicators to Obesity in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Middle-Aged Women: A Population Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WOMEN'S HEALTH AND WELLNESS 2019; 5:090. [PMID: 31008438 PMCID: PMC6469717 DOI: 10.23937/2474-1353/1510090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity rates differ between Hispanic and White (non-Hispanic) women in the United States, with higher rates among Hispanic women. Socioeconomic processes contribute to this disparity both at the individual and the environmental level. Understanding these complex relationships requires multilevel analyses within cohorts of women that have a shared environment. In population-based samples of Hispanic and White (non-Hispanic) women from the same neighborhoods, we evaluated within each ethnic group a) The association of individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) with body mass index (BMI); and b) The additional contribution of neighborhood-level measures of SES. METHODS Using population-based multi-stage sampling methods, we oversampled low SES and Hispanic block groups. During household screening, we identified women aged 30 to 50 years. Among White women, we specifically oversampled women with low educational levels. 515 Hispanic and 503 White women completed baseline. Height and weight were measured. Baseline surveys, in Spanish and English, included four measures of SES. Three measures of area-level SES were examined. Analysis of loge BMI on each SES measure used linear mixed models, incorporating design effects. RESULTS Among White women, low education, social status, and neighborhood SES were associated with higher BMI (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.05, respectively), independent of other SES measures. Although the highest grouped category of education, income and subjective social status within the Hispanic cohort had the lowest mean estimated BMI, the point estimates across categories were not monotonic, and had wide confidence intervals. As a result, in contrast to the findings among White women, no statistically significant associations were found between BMI and measures of SES among Hispanic women. DISCUSSION Neighborhood and individual measures of SES operate differently in Hispanic compared with White women. We had assumed the measures we included to be most salient and operate similarly for both groups of women. Rather the salient factors for Hispanic women have yet to be identified. Improved understanding may ultimately inform the design of culturally-relevant multilevel obesity prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Aa Beresford
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutch, Seattle, USA
| | - Deborah J Bowen
- Department of Bioethics & Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Alyson J Littman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center (ERIC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, USA
- Center for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, USA
| | - Denise L Albano
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutch, Seattle, USA
| | - Kc Gary Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Shelby L Langer
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
| | - Wendy E Barrington
- Department of Psychosocial & Community Health, Washington, Seattle, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Donald L Patrick
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutch, Seattle, USA
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Annesi JJ. Relationship of Emotional Eating and Mood Changes Through Self-Regulation Within Three Behavioral Treatments for Obesity. Psychol Rep 2018; 122:1689-1706. [DOI: 10.1177/0033294118795883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An enhanced understanding of the dynamics of psychosocial change processes within behavioral weight loss treatments is required to improve their generally poor results. Based on social cognitive theory, self-regulation of eating has the possibility of affecting interrelations between psychosocial correlates of inappropriate eating behaviors such as emotional eating and negative mood. Within behavioral interventions, physical activity, treatment foci, and the length of treatment might moderate those relationships. The aim of this research was to contrast intervention effects based on treatment type, and evaluate interrelations of changes in theory-based psychosocial variables. Adult females with obesity (overall Mage = 48.6 years; overall MBMI = 35.3 kg/m2) were block randomized into groups of 28 weeks of phone-supported manual-based education (Group 1, n = 52), 58 weeks of cognitive-behavioral group treatment (Group 2, n = 52), and 99 weeks of cognitive-behavioral group treatment followed by phone-based reviews of intervention materials (Group 3, n = 48). Significant improvements in measures of emotional eating, negative mood, self-regulation for controlling eating, physical activity, and body composition were found in each group over 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, with generally larger effect sizes detected in Groups 2 and 3. Reciprocal, mutually reinforcing, relationships were found between changes in emotional eating and mood, which were significantly mediated by self-regulation changes. Physical activity level significantly moderated mood changes, treatment foci on emotional eating significantly moderated changes in emotional eating, and treatment length significantly moderated long-term changes in emotional eating, but not mood. Findings support a treatment duration of at least one year that emphasizes physical activity and self-regulatory skills usage, and interrelations between changes in emotional eating, self-regulation, mood, and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Annesi
- YMCA of Metro Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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Barrington WE, Beresford SAA. Applying Multiple Statistical Methods to Derive an Index of Dietary Behaviors Most Related to Obesity. Am J Epidemiol 2018. [PMID: 29538668 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the success of dietary interventions, we need measures that are more easily assessed and that closely align with intervention messaging. An index of obesogenic dietary behaviors (e.g., consumption of fast food and soft drinks, low fruit and vegetable consumption, and task eating (eating while engaging in other activities)) may serve this purpose and could be derived via data-driven methods typically used to describe nutrient intake. We used behavioral and physical measurement (i.e., body mass index, waist circumference) data from a subset of 2 independent cross-sectional samples of employees enrolled in the Promoting Activity and Changes in Eating (PACE) Study (Seattle, Washington) who were selected at baseline (2005-2007) (n = 561) and during follow-up (2007-2009) (n = 155). Index derivation methods, including principal components regression, partial least squares regression, and reduced rank regression, were compared. The best-fitting index for predicting physical measurements included consumption of fast food, French fries, and soft drinks. In linear mixed models, each 1-quartile increase in index score was associated with a 5% higher baseline body mass index (ratio of geometric means = 1.053, 95% confidence interval: 1.031, 1.075) and an approximately 4% higher baseline waist circumference (ratio = 1.036, 95% confidence interval: 1.019, 1.054) after adjustment for covariates. Results were similar at follow-up before and after adjustment for baseline measures. This index may be useful in evaluating public health or clinic-based dietary interventions to reduce obesity, especially given the ubiquity of these behaviors in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy E Barrington
- Department of Psychosocial and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Ni W, Shi X. Interventions for the Treatment of Craniopharyngioma-Related Hypothalamic Obesity: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2018; 118:e59-e71. [PMID: 29945001 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) and their treatment are associated with hypothalamic damage that causes hypothalamic obesity (HO) in 30%-70% of cases. Thus, there is ongoing research regarding tangible solutions for HO, because these patients have unrelenting resistance to basic weight-loss interventions. This review aims to summarize the interventions that are used to treat CP-related HO (CP-HO), including pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery. METHODS The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed databases were searched up to June 2017 for relevant reports. Two reviewers conducted independent evaluations of the studies identified. RESULTS Eighteen articles were included in the systematic review, with 3 reports describing pharmacotherapy in randomized controlled trials and 15 reports describing bariatric surgery. Although several studies described effective interventions for treating CP-HO, the evidence base was limited by its low quality and our inability to perform a meta-analysis, which was related to a lack of adequate or integrated data. CONCLUSIONS Octreotide appears to be a preferred treatment for patients with CP-HO, based on limited data. Gastric bypass surgery may also be suitable for select patients with CP-HO, based on a review of various procedures in this setting. Microsurgical preservation of the hypothalamic structures is mandatory to decrease CP-HO-related morbidity and mortality. Further studies with adequate analytical power and sufficient follow-up are needed to identify effective strategies for CP-HO treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang'en Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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VanWormer JJ, Pereira RF, Sillah A, Sidebottom AC, Benson GA, Lindberg R, Winters C, Boucher JL. Adult weight management across the community: population-level impact of the LOSE IT to WIN IT challenge. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:119-128. [PMID: 29670749 PMCID: PMC5893470 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Excess body weight negatively impacts health, but there are few evaluations of low-intensity weight management challenge programs in defined populations. This study examined weight change in adults who participated in the LOSE IT to WIN IT (LIWI) health challenge in a US community. The community-level impact on body mass index was also explored. Methods Body weight was analysed over 1 year in the cohort of LIWI enrolees, stratified by participants who were healthy weight or overweight/obese at baseline. Secondarily, a multiple cross-sectional analysis compared the 2.5-year trends in body mass index between community adults who did vs. did not participate in LIWI. Results LOSE IT to WIN IT participants who were overweight/obese lost a mean (95% confidence interval) 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) kg (~2%) over 1 year (p < 0.001), whereas healthy weight participants lost 0.7 (0.3, 1.1) kg. Across the community, LIWI participants and non-participants both gained 0.4 kg m-2 over the 2.5-year study period (p = 0.884). Conclusions LOSE IT to WIN IT was modestly effective among enrolees, resulting in a small weight loss of 2% over 1 year among those who were overweight/obese. However, LIWI did not impact weight gain in the community. To slow such community-level weight gain trends, weight management challenges must reach larger fractions of the populations that they target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. F. Pereira
- Minneapolis Heart Institute FoundationMinneapolisMNUSA
| | | | | | - G. A. Benson
- Minneapolis Heart Institute FoundationMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - R. Lindberg
- Minneapolis Heart Institute FoundationMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - C. Winters
- Minneapolis Heart Institute FoundationMinneapolisMNUSA
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Mondin TC, Stuart AL, Williams LJ, Jacka FN, Pasco JA, Ruusunen A. Diet quality, dietary patterns and short sleep duration: a cross-sectional population-based study. Eur J Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29516221 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the cross-sectional association between habitual diet quality, dietary patterns and sleep duration. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 838 men and 1065 women participating in a large, population-based cohort study, the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. A diet quality score (DQS) was derived from answers to a food-frequency questionnaire, and a factor analysis identified habitual dietary patterns. Self-reported sleep duration was dichotomized into 'short sleep duration' (< 7 h/night) and 'adequate sleep duration' (≥ 7 h/night). Sleep duration was also grouped into predetermined cut-off ranges (< 5, 5.01-6, 6.01-7, 7.01-8, 8.01-9, 9.01-10 and ≥ 10.01 h /night) to explore the relationship between sleep duration, DQS and dietary patterns. RESULTS 363 (34.0%) women and 339 (36.1%) men were identified with short sleep duration. After adjustments for age, socioeconomic status, education, physical activity and body mass index, each standard deviation increase in the factor score for traditional dietary pattern was associated with a 13% reduced odds for short sleep duration in men. In women, each standard deviation increase in DQS score was associated with a 21% reduced odds for short sleep duration. In women, adequate sleep was related to higher modern dietary pattern scores when compared both with excessive sleep duration (> 9 h) and shorter sleep duration (< 7 h). CONCLUSION Diet quality score was associated with adequate sleep duration (≥ 7 h) and reduced odds for short sleep duration (< 7 h) in Australian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise C Mondin
- Translational Science on Brain Disorders, Department of Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, 373 Gonçalves Chaves, 416C, Pelotas, RS, 96015-560, Brazil.
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health , Geelong, Australia.
| | - Amanda L Stuart
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health , Geelong, Australia
| | - Lana J Williams
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health , Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health , Geelong, Australia
| | - Julie A Pasco
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health , Geelong, Australia
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health , Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Hayba N, Partridge SR, Nour MM, Grech A, Allman Farinelli M. Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for preventing harmful weight gain among young adults from lower socioeconomic status and ethnically diverse backgrounds: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2018; 19:333-346. [PMID: 29178423 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of overweight and obesity are increasing with each successive generation of young adults. Associated co-morbidities will emerge at an earlier age unless weight gain is prevented. Evidence has demonstrated young adults (aged 18-35 years) from low socioeconomic and ethnically diverse backgrounds are at greater risk of overweight or obesity, yet it is unclear how to effectively intervene in this population. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions conducted in this population. Thirty studies reporting on lifestyle interventions for prevention of weight gain were identified from eight electronic databases searched. Six interventions included subgroup analyses to determine if ethnicity moderated weight change, and two included subgroup analyses to determine if socioeconomic status had an effect on change in weight. Five of these six studies were effective in preventing weight gain, and subgroup analyses showed no differences in effect by ethnicity. Of these five studies, two included a subgroup analysis that showed socioeconomic status to have no effect on weight outcome. Despite the promising results from these five lifestyle interventions utilizing online and mobile components to effectively reach and prevent weight gain in this priority population, the evidence base of high quality trials is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hayba
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S R Partridge
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M M Nour
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Grech
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Allman Farinelli
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Leigh SJ, Morris MJ. The role of reward circuitry and food addiction in the obesity epidemic: An update. Biol Psychol 2018; 131:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Barbosa JPDAS, Basso L, Bartholomeu T, Prista A, Rezende JAS, Oliveira JA, Tani G, Maia JAR, Forjaz CLDM. RELAÇÃO ENTRE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, APTIDÃO FÍSICA E RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR: ESTUDO EM MUZAMBINHO, MINAS GERAIS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220182401177615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Introdução: A relação negativa entre atividade física, aptidão física e risco cardiovascular está bem estabelecida em populações com baixos níveis de atividade física. Objetivo: O presente estudo investigou essa relação em adultos de Muzambinho, Minas Gerais, uma população com alta taxa de indivíduos fisicamente ativos. Métodos: Participaram 237 indivíduos (132 mulheres), na maioria jovens (44,3% entre 20 e 39 anos). Foram avaliados indicadores de risco cardiovascular (índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura, glicemia de jejum, colesterolemia de jejum e pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica), atividade física (volume semanal de atividade física total) e aptidão física (aptidão aeróbica e força manual relativa). Resultados: Mais de 90% dos indivíduos foram classificados como ativos (praticavam atividade física por mais de 150 min/semana). A regressão linear identificou associação negativa da força manual relativa e da aptidão aeróbica ao índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura, bem como associação positiva da força manual relativa à pressão arterial diastólica. Os indicadores de atividade física e aptidão física não se associaram ao risco cardiovascular global. Conclusão: Nessa população, a relação inversa entre atividade física, aptidão física e risco cardiovascular limitou-se aos indicadores de aptidão física e aos de obesidade, sugerindo que em populações com alta taxa de indivíduos fisicamente ativos, o aumento da aptidão física, mas não da atividade física, pode ajudar a reduzir a obesidade. Nível de Evidência II; ECRC de menor qualidade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Go Tani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Warin M. Information is not knowledge: Cooking and eating as skilled practice in Australian obesity education. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/taja.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brennan L, Teede H, Skouteris H, Linardon J, Hill B, Moran L. Lifestyle and Behavioral Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2017; 26:836-848. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2016.5792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Brennan
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Diabetes and Endocrine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Jake Linardon
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Briony Hill
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Lisa Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, Australia
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50
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Tambelli R, Cerniglia L, Cimino S, Ballarotto G, Paciello M, Lubrano C, Marchitelli S, Gnessi L, Lenzi A. An Exploratory Study on the Influence of Psychopathological Risk and Impulsivity on BMI and Perceived Quality of Life in Obese Patients. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050431. [PMID: 28445437 PMCID: PMC5452161 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the psychological profiles of adult male and female obese patients, as well as to verify the possible influence of their psychopathological risk and impulsivity on their body mass index (BMI) and perceived quality of life. A total of 64 obese subjects accessing a center for care of their obesity were assessed through anthropometric and psychometric measurements. All anthropometric measures in men were higher than in women, while in turn, women showed higher psychopathological symptoms. Furthermore, the symptoms of somatization and psychoticism were predictors for a higher BMI in men, but there was no effect of psychopathological symptoms on the perceived quality of life (QoL) of male subjects. Moreover, in women, somatization and attentional impulsivity were predictors for a higher BMI, whereas no correlation was found between their psychopathological risk and perceived QoL. The results of regression analysis underlined that somatization is a “core” psychopathological symptom in obese subjects regardless of their sex, which is a potential predictor for a higher BMI. The psychological difficulties of the subjects had no effect on their perceived QoL, suggesting that they find it difficult to reflect on the impact that obesity has on their life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Cerniglia
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University UNINETTUNO, 00100 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Cimino
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ballarotto
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marinella Paciello
- Faculty of Psychology, International Telematic University UNINETTUNO, 00100 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carla Lubrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Marchitelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucio Gnessi
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Physiopathology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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