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Mizoguchi T. In vivo dynamics of hard tissue-forming cell origins: Insights from Cre/loxP-based cell lineage tracing studies. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2024; 60:109-119. [PMID: 38406212 PMCID: PMC10885318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue provides structural support for our bodies, with the inner bone marrow (BM) acting as a hematopoietic organ. Within the BM tissue, two types of stem cells play crucial roles: mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (or skeletal stem cells) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). These stem cells are intricately connected, where BM-MSCs give rise to bone-forming osteoblasts and serve as essential components in the BM microenvironment for sustaining HSCs. Despite the mid-20th century proposal of BM-MSCs, their in vivo identification remained elusive owing to a lack of tools for analyzing stemness, specifically self-renewal and multipotency. To address this challenge, Cre/loxP-based cell lineage tracing analyses are being employed. This technology facilitated the in vivo labeling of specific cells, enabling the tracking of their lineage, determining their stemness, and providing a deeper understanding of the in vivo dynamics governing stem cell populations responsible for maintaining hard tissues. This review delves into cell lineage tracing studies conducted using commonly employed genetically modified mice expressing Cre under the influence of LepR, Gli1, and Axin2 genes. These studies focus on research fields spanning long bones and oral/maxillofacial hard tissues, offering insights into the in vivo dynamics of stem cell populations crucial for hard tissue homeostasis.
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Liang C, Marghoub A, Profico A, Buzi C, Didziokas M, van de Lande L, Khonsari RH, Johnson D, O’Higgins P, Moazen M. A physico-mechanical model of postnatal craniofacial growth in human. iScience 2024; 27:110617. [PMID: 39220256 PMCID: PMC11365398 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Our fundamental understanding of the physico-mechanical forces that drive the size and shape changes of the cranium during ontogeny are limited. Biomechanical models based on finite element method present a huge opportunity to address this critical gap in our knowledge. Here, we describe a validated computational framework to predict normal craniofacial growth. Our results demonstrated that this approach is capable of predicting the growth of calvaria, face, and skull base. We highlighted the crucial role of skull base in antero-posterior growth of the face and also demonstrated the contribution of the maxillary expansion to the dorsoventral growth of the face and its interplay with the orbits. These findings highlight the importance of physical interactions of different components of the craniofacial system. The computational framework described here serves as a powerful tool to study fundamental questions in developmental biology and to advance treatment of conditions affecting the craniofacial system such as craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Liang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Arsalan Marghoub
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Antonio Profico
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Costantino Buzi
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marius Didziokas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Lara van de Lande
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Craniofacial Growth and Form Laboratory, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Roman Hossein Khonsari
- Craniofacial Growth and Form Laboratory, Hôpital Necker–Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David Johnson
- Oxford Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Paul O’Higgins
- Department of Archaeology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mehran Moazen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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3
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Tu M, Ge B, Li J, Pan Y, Zhao B, Han J, Wu J, Zhang K, Liu G, Hou M, Yue M, Han X, Sun T, An Y. Emerging biological functions of Twist1 in cell differentiation. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 39254141 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Twist1 is required for embryonic development and expresses after birth in mesenchymal stem cells derived from mesoderm, where it governs mesenchymal cell development. As a well-known regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition or embryonic organogenesis, Twist1 is important in a variety of developmental systems, including mesoderm formation, neurogenesis, myogenesis, cranial neural crest cell migration, and differentiation. In this review, we first highlight the physiological significance of Twist1 in cell differentiation, including osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic differentiation, and then detail its probable molecular processes and signaling pathways. On this premise, we summarize the significance of Twist1 in distinct developmental disorders and diseases to provide a reference for studies on cell differentiation/development-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bingqian Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanbing Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiayang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jialin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kaifeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengwen Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Man Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Skadorwa T, Wierzbieniec O, Podkowa K, Sośnicka K. The validation of morphometric outcomes and stratification system for nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis following total calvarial remodeling. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2024:S1010-5182(24)00099-4. [PMID: 39179432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide an external validation of morphometric outcomes, including recently developed parameters - vertico-longitudinal index (VLI) and vertex-nasion-opisthocranion (VNO) angle - along with a proposed stratification system for nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis (NSC). Thin-cut CT scans performed before and after total calvarial remodeling in 70 NSC children (mean preoperative age, 7.0 months; mean postoperative age 23.8 months) were evaluated. The parameters, including linear dimensions, morphometry-based indices, and cranial angles, were measured at the cranial vault and base. Each patient was also assigned a scaphocephaly severity score (SSS). The obtained data were compared with an age-matched control group of 80 normocephalic children. After surgery, all dimensions of the cranial vault increased, but did not normalize (p < 0.0001). Contrarily, some normalization was noted in the skull base, within the anterior and posterior cranial fossae. Postoperative results confirmed the diagnostic cut-off level for VNO at 50°; however, the proposed VLI cut-offs skewed the accuracy of SSS in the control group. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first to discuss the value of an NSC stratification system in relation to underlying components. The SSS has a relevant background, but its accuracy would increase with a redefinition of normative VLI ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tymon Skadorwa
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Bogdanowicz Memorial Hospital for Children, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Olga Wierzbieniec
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Podkowa
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Sośnicka
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Dentici ML, Niceta M, Lepri FR, Mancini C, Priolo M, Bonnard AA, Cappelletti C, Leoni C, Ciolfi A, Pizzi S, Cordeddu V, Rossi C, Ferilli M, Mucciolo M, Colona VL, Fauth C, Bellini M, Biasucci G, Sinibaldi L, Briuglia S, Gazzin A, Carli D, Memo L, Trevisson E, Schiavariello C, Luca M, Novelli A, Michot C, Sweertvaegher A, Germanaud D, Scarano E, De Luca A, Zampino G, Zenker M, Mussa A, Dallapiccola B, Cavé H, Digilio MC, Tartaglia M. Loss-of-function variants in ERF are associated with a Noonan syndrome-like phenotype with or without craniosynostosis. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:954-963. [PMID: 38824261 PMCID: PMC11291927 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic, largely truncating variants in the ETS2 repressor factor (ERF) gene, encoding a transcriptional regulator negatively controlling RAS-MAPK signaling, have been associated with syndromic craniosynostosis involving various cranial sutures and Chitayat syndrome, an ultrarare condition with respiratory distress, skeletal anomalies, and facial dysmorphism. Recently, a single patient with craniosynostosis and a phenotype resembling Noonan syndrome (NS), the most common disorder among the RASopathies, was reported to carry a de novo loss-of-function variant in ERF. Here, we clinically profile 26 individuals from 15 unrelated families carrying different germline heterozygous variants in ERF and showing a phenotype reminiscent of NS. The majority of subjects presented with a variable degree of global developmental and/or language delay. Their shared facial features included absolute/relative macrocephaly, high forehead, hypertelorism, palpebral ptosis, wide nasal bridge, and low-set/posteriorly angulated ears. Stature was below the 3rd centile in two-third of the individuals, while no subject showed typical NS cardiac involvement. Notably, craniosynostosis was documented only in three unrelated individuals, while a dolichocephalic aspect of the skull in absence of any other evidence supporting a premature closing of sutures was observed in other 10 subjects. Unilateral Wilms tumor was diagnosed in one individual. Most cases were familial, indicating an overall low impact on fitness. Variants were nonsense and frameshift changes, supporting ERF haploinsufficiency. These findings provide evidence that heterozygous loss-of-function variants in ERF cause a "RASopathy" resembling NS with or without craniosynostosis, and allow a first dissection of the molecular circuits contributing to MAPK signaling pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lisa Dentici
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Mancini
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Priolo
- Medical and Molecular Genetics, Ospedale Cardarelli, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Adeline Alice Bonnard
- Service de de Génétique Moléculaire Hôpital Robert Debré, GHU AP-HP Nord - Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris-Cité, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Camilla Cappelletti
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Leoni
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Cordeddu
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Rossi
- Medical Genetics, IRCSS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Ferilli
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Mafalda Mucciolo
- Translational Cytogenomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Luigi Colona
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Christine Fauth
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melissa Bellini
- Pediatrics and Neonatology, Gugliemo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Pediatrics and Neonatology, Gugliemo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sinibaldi
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Briuglia
- Genetics and Pharmacogenetics, Ospedale Universitario "Gaetano Martino", 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Gazzin
- Pediatric Clinical Genetics, Ospedale Pediatrico "Regina Margherita", 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Diana Carli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Memo
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Università di Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Concetta Schiavariello
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Luca
- Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Translational Cytogenomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Caroline Michot
- Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris Cité University, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Anne Sweertvaegher
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre hospitalier de Saint-Quentin, 02321, Saint-Quentin, France
| | - David Germanaud
- Département de Génétique, CEA Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Service de Génétique Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Emanuela Scarano
- Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Medical Genetics Division, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni, Rotondo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Università of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Helene Cavé
- Service de de Génétique Moléculaire Hôpital Robert Debré, GHU AP-HP Nord - Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR_S1131, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris-Cité, 75019, Paris, France
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Stanton EW, Manasyan A, Roohani I, Kondra K, Magee WP, Hammoudeh JA, Urata MM. A National Analysis of Craniosynostosis Demographic and Surgical Trends Over a 10-Year Period. J Craniofac Surg 2024:00001665-990000000-01732. [PMID: 38940557 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000010434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of craniosynostosis, characterized by the premature fusion of calvarial sutures, is multifaceted and often the result of an amalgamation of contributing factors. The current study seeks examine the possible contributors to craniosynostosis development and its surgical trends over time. A multicenter/national retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients who underwent surgical repair of craniosynostosis (n=11,279) between 2012 and 2021 identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Pediatric Data File. Main outcome measures included risk factors and trends relating to surgical repair of craniosynostosis. Nationwide reports of craniosynostosis in the NSQIP-P database have increased between 2012 and 2021 by 195%. The prevalence of craniosynostosis per overall cases has remained between 1.0% and 1.3%. There were predominantly more White male patients in the craniosynostosis cohort (P<0.001). Craniosynostosis patients had significantly greater birth weights, gestational ages, and were less likely to be premature (P<0.05). Linear regression demonstrated that operative time, anesthesia time, and length of stay significantly decreased over the study period (P<0.001). This national data analysis highlights trends in craniosynostosis repair indicating potential improvements in safety and patient outcomes over time. While these findings offer insights for health care professionals, caution is warranted in extrapolating beyond the data's scope. Future research should focus on diverse patient populations, compare outcomes across institutions, and employ prospective study designs to enhance the evidence base for craniosynostosis management. These efforts will help refine diagnostic and treatment strategies, potentially leading to better outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise W Stanton
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Artur Manasyan
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Idean Roohani
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Katelyn Kondra
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine
| | - William P Magee
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Southern California
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeffrey A Hammoudeh
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Southern California
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mark M Urata
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Southern California
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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7
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Polsani N, Yung T, Thomas E, Phung-Rojas M, Gupta I, Denker J, Lau K, Feng X, Ibarra B, Hopyan S, Atit RP. Mesenchymal Wnts are required for morphogenetic movements of calvarial osteoblasts during apical expansion. Development 2024; 151:dev202596. [PMID: 38814743 PMCID: PMC11234264 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Apical expansion of calvarial osteoblast progenitors from the cranial mesenchyme (CM) above the eye is integral to calvarial growth and enclosure of the brain. The cellular behaviors and signals underlying the morphogenetic process of calvarial expansion are unknown. Time-lapse light-sheet imaging of mouse embryos revealed calvarial progenitors intercalate in 3D in the CM above the eye, and exhibit protrusive and crawling activity more apically. CM cells express non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) core components and calvarial osteoblasts are bidirectionally polarized. We found non-canonical ligand Wnt5a-/- mutants have less dynamic cell rearrangements and protrusive activity. Loss of CM-restricted Wntless (CM-Wls), a gene required for secretion of all Wnt ligands, led to diminished apical expansion of Osx+ calvarial osteoblasts in the frontal bone primordia in a non-cell autonomous manner without perturbing proliferation or survival. Calvarial osteoblast polarization, progressive cell elongation and enrichment for actin along the baso-apical axis were dependent on CM-Wnts. Thus, CM-Wnts regulate cellular behaviors during calvarial morphogenesis for efficient apical expansion of calvarial osteoblasts. These findings also offer potential insights into the etiologies of calvarial dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikaya Polsani
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Theodora Yung
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Evan Thomas
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Melissa Phung-Rojas
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Isha Gupta
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Julie Denker
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Kimberly Lau
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Beatriz Ibarra
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of Orthopedics, The Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Radhika P Atit
- Department of Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Dermatology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
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8
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Morriss-Kay G. A journey in the world of craniofacial development: From 1968 to the future. J Anat 2024. [PMID: 38760969 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This article is based on my talk at the meeting "3rd Advances in Craniosynostosis: Basic Science to Clinical Practice", held at University College, London, on 25 August 2023. It describes my contribution, together with that of my research team and external collaborators, to the field of craniofacial development. This began with my PhD research on the effects of excess vitamin A in rat embryos, which led to a study of normal as well as abnormal formation of the cranial neural tube. Many techniques for analysing morphogenetic change became available to me over the years: whole embryo culture, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, cell division analysis, immunohistochemistry and biochemical analysis of the extracellular matrix. The molecular revolution of the 1980s, and key collaborations with international research teams, enabled functional interpretation of some of the earlier morphological observations and required a change of experimental species to the mouse. Interactions between the molecular and experimental analysis of craniofacial morphogenesis in my laboratory with specialists in molecular genetics and clinicians brought my research journey near to my original aim: to contribute to a better understanding of the causes of human congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Morriss-Kay
- Emeritus Professor of Developmental Anatomy, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Madoka I, Toshiaki H, Tomomi K, Junji T, Takehiko S, Yoshihisa S, Masahiro K, Toshihiro K, Hidenori E. Atypical sagittal suture craniosynostosis: pathological considerations for early closure of the anterior part of the sagittal suture. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:575-580. [PMID: 37670139 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Sagittal suture synostosis is one of the most common craniosynostoses and is often diagnosed by characteristic narrow and long skull shape, scaphocephaly. However, some patients with sagittal suture synostosis do not present with typical scaphocephaly, making early diagnosis difficult. In this study, five cases of characteristic skull deformity showing a narrowing of the cranium posterior to the coronal suture on computed tomography (CT) are presented. The three older children presented with papilledema and intellectual disability and a closed sagittal suture on CT. The two infant cases were diagnosed with the characteristic cranial deformities with aggravation of the deformity over time, but sagittal suture closure was not evident on CT. All patients underwent cranial remodeling surgery. In the two infant cases, the histopathological findings showed that the anterior part of the sagittal suture was firmly fused with fibrous tissue without bony fusion. These findings suggested that narrowing of the cranium posterior to the coronal suture might be due to functional fusion of the anterior portion of the sagittal suture prior to bony fusion. In an infant presenting with such a deformity that shows aggravation of the deformity over time, surgical treatment should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inukai Madoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miyagi Children's Hospital, 4-3-17 Ochiai, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 989-3126, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hayashi Toshiaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miyagi Children's Hospital, 4-3-17 Ochiai, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 989-3126, Japan.
| | - Kimiwada Tomomi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miyagi Children's Hospital, 4-3-17 Ochiai, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 989-3126, Japan
| | - Takeyama Junji
- Department of Pathology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sanada Takehiko
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Kitami Masahiro
- Department of Radiology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kumabe Toshihiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Endo Hidenori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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10
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Skadorwa T, Skadorwa J, Wierzbieniec O. The Accuracy of Classification Systems in Nonsyndromic Sagittal Craniosynostosis. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:13-17. [PMID: 37639642 PMCID: PMC10749678 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000009670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous classification systems of nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis (NSC) are applied but none has gained a wide acceptance, since each classification is focused on distinct aspects. The aim of the study was to assess the accuracy of 4 classifications of NSC discussed in the literature by defining the associations among the classifications, individual features (sex, age, cranial index), and objective morphologic criteria (frontal bossing, retrocoronal constriction, sagittal ridge, and occipital bulleting). The study was conducted on anonymized thin-cut CT scans of 133 children with NSC 1 to 12 months old (mean age 5.42 mo). The type of cranial dysmorphology was assessed using 4 classification systems, focusing on skull shape, pattern of sagittal suture closure (Heuzé classification), deformation of skull vault (Sakamoto classification), and a single-dominant feature (David classification). Each patient was also independently investigated for the presence of morphologic criteria. A multivariate analysis was performed to explore the relations among the classifications and assess their accuracy. In the analyzed cohort sphenocephaly (38.3%), CFF type by Heuzé (30.8%), type I by Sakamoto (72.9%), and a central type by David (42.9%) were dominant findings. Regarding the morphologic criteria, frontal bossing was observed the most frequently (91.7%). The age of patients and cranial index differed significantly among the shapes of skull and David classifications ( P <0.001). The shape-based system showed the strongest correlation with other classifications and with measurable variables. Other classifications have much in common and some overlap, but none of them constitutes a standalone system to define all aspects of cranial dysmorphology in NSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tymon Skadorwa
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Bogdanowicz Memorial Hospital for Children
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, The Medical University of Warsaw
| | | | - Olga Wierzbieniec
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, The Medical University of Warsaw
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Polsani N, Yung T, Thomas E, Phung-Rojas M, Gupta I, Denker J, Feng X, Ibarra B, Hopyan S, Atit RP. Mesenchymal Wnts are required for morphogenetic movements of calvarial osteoblasts during apical expansion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570300. [PMID: 38106005 PMCID: PMC10723314 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Apical expansion of calvarial osteoblast progenitors from the cranial mesenchyme (CM) above the eye is integral for calvarial growth and enclosure of the brain. The cellular behaviors and signals underlying the morphogenetic process of calvarial expansion are unknown. During apical expansion, we found that mouse calvarial primordia have consistent cellular proliferation, density, and survival with complex tissue scale deformations, raising the possibility that morphogenetic movements underlie expansion. Time lapse light sheet imaging of mouse embryos revealed that calvarial progenitors intercalate in 3D to converge supraorbital arch mesenchyme mediolaterally and extend it apically. In contrast, progenitors located further apically exhibited protrusive and crawling activity. CM cells express non-canonical Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) core components and calvarial osteoblasts are bidirectionally polarized. We found non-canonical ligand, Wnt5a-/- mutants have less dynamic cell rearrangements, protrusive activity, and a flattened head shape. Loss of cranial mesenchyme-restricted Wntless (CM-Wls), a gene required for secretion of all Wnt ligands, led to diminished apical expansion of OSX+ calvarial osteoblasts in the frontal bone primordia in a non-cell autonomous manner without perturbing proliferation or survival. Calvarial osteoblast polarization, progressive cell elongation and enrichment for actin cytoskeleton protein along the baso-apical axis were dependent on CM-Wnts. Thus, CM-Wnts regulate cellular behaviors during calvarial morphogenesis and provide tissue level cues for efficient apical expansion of calvarial osteoblasts. These findings also offer potential insights into the etiologies of calvarial dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikaya Polsani
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Theodora Yung
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Evan Thomas
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Melissa Phung-Rojas
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Isha Gupta
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Julie Denker
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Beatriz Ibarra
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sevan Hopyan
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of Orthopedics, The Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Molecular Genetics and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Radhika P. Atit
- Department of Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
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12
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Skadorwa T, Wierzbieniec O, Sośnicka K, Podkowa K. Radiomorphologic profiles of nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:3225-3233. [PMID: 37243812 PMCID: PMC10643241 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-05998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous classification systems of nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis (NSC) are applied but none has gained a wide acceptance, since each classification is focused on distinct aspects of cranial dysmorphology. The goal of this study was to depict the most common combinations of radiomorphologic characteristics of NSC and to separate groups where the patients were morphologically similar to one another and at the same time significantly different from others. METHODS The study was conducted on anonymized thin-cut CT scans of 131 children with NSC aged 1-12 months (mean age 5.42 months). The type of cranial dysmorphology was assessed using four criteria: skull shape, pattern of sagittal suture fusion, morphologic features and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces alterations. After assigning the categories, an unsupervised k-modes clustering algorithm was applied to identify distinct patients clusters representing radiomorphologic profiles determined by investigated characteristics. RESULTS Cluster analysis revealed three distinct radiomorphologic profiles including the most common combinations of features. The profiles were not influenced by sex nor age but were significantly determined by skull shape (V = 0.58, P < 0.0001), morphologic features (V = 0.50, P < 0.0001) and pattern of sagittal suture fusion (V = 0.47, P < 0.0001). CSF alterations did not significantly correlate with the profiles (P = 0.3585). CONCLUSION NSC is a mosaic of radiologic and morphologic features. The internal diversity of NSC results in dissimilar groups of patients defined by unique combinations of radiomorphologic characteristics, from which the skull shape is the most differentiating factor. Radiomorphologic profiles support the idea of clinical trials targeted at more selective outcomes assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tymon Skadorwa
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Bogdanowicz Memorial Hospital for Children, 4/24 Nieklanska St, 03924, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, The Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinskiego St, 02004, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Olga Wierzbieniec
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, The Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinskiego St, 02004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Sośnicka
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, The Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinskiego St, 02004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Podkowa
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, The Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinskiego St, 02004, Warsaw, Poland
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Ye H, Cao L, Jackson-Weaver O, Zheng L, Gou Y. PRMT1-mediated arginine methylation promotes postnatal calvaria bone formation through BMP-Smad signaling. Bone 2023; 176:116887. [PMID: 37634683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
PRMT1 deficiency leads to severely compromised craniofacial development in neural crest cells and profound abnormalities of the craniofacial tissues. Here, we show PRMT1 controls several key processes in calvarial development, including frontal and parietal bone growth rate and the boundary between sutural and osteogenic cells. Pharmacologic PRMT1 inhibition suppresses MC3T3-E1 cell viability and proliferation and impairs osteogenic differentiation. In this text, we investigate the cellular events behind the morphological changes and uncover an essential role of PRMT1 in simulating postnatal bone formation. Inhibition of PRMT1 alleviated BMP signaling through Smads phosphorylation and reduced the deposition of the H4R3me2a mark. Our study demonstrates a regulatory mechanism whereby PRMT1 regulates BMP signaling and the overall properties of the calvaria bone through Smads methylation, which may facilitate the development of an effective therapeutic strategy for craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426#, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426#, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, PR China.
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426#, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426#, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, PR China.
| | - Olan Jackson-Weaver
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Trauma & Critical Care Education Division, Tulane School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Leilei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426#, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426#, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, PR China.
| | - Yongchao Gou
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426#, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426#, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, PR China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426#, Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, PR China.
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Franz-Odendaal TA, Bezuhly M. Clomiphene Citrate and Enclomiphene Hydrochloride Exposure Is Associated With Interfrontal Suture Fusion in Zebrafish. Plast Surg (Oakv) 2023; 31:383-389. [PMID: 37915340 PMCID: PMC10617459 DOI: 10.1177/22925503211057526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The last several decades have witnessed an increase in metopic craniosynostosis incidence. Population-based studies suggest that pharmacological exposure in utero may be responsible. This study examined effects of the fertility drug clomiphene citrate (CC) on calvarial development in an established model for craniofacial development, the zebrafish Danio rerio. Results: Zebrafish larvae were exposed to clomiphene citrate or its isomer enclomiphene for five days at key points during calvarial development. Larvae were then raised to adulthood in normal rearing water. Zebrafish were analyzed using whole-mount skeletal staining. We observed differential effects on survivability, growth and suture formation depending on the treatment. Treatments with CC or enclomiphene at 5.5 mm SL led to increased fusion of the interfrontal suture (p < .01) compared to controls. Conclusions: Exposure to fertility drugs appears to affect development of the cranial vault, specifically the interfrontal suture, in zebrafish. Further research is required to identify the signaling mechanisms at play. This work suggests that fertility drug treatment may contribute to the increased incidence of metopic craniosynostosis observed globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara A. Franz-Odendaal
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michael Bezuhly
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Ahmad I, Lokau J, Kespohl B, Malik NA, Baig SM, Hartig R, Behme D, Schwab R, Altmüller J, Jameel M, Mucha S, Thiele H, Tariq M, Nürnberg P, Erdmann J, Garbers C. The interleukin-11 receptor variant p.W307R results in craniosynostosis in humans. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13479. [PMID: 37596289 PMCID: PMC10439179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is characterized by the premature fusion and ossification of one or more of the sutures of the calvaria, often resulting in abnormal features of the face and the skull. In cases in which growth of the brain supersedes available space within the skull, developmental delay or cognitive impairment can occur. A complex interplay of different cell types and multiple signaling pathways are required for correct craniofacial development. In this study, we report on two siblings with craniosynostosis and a homozygous missense pathogenic variant within the IL11RA gene (c.919 T > C; p.W307R). The patients present with craniosynostosis, exophthalmos, delayed tooth eruption, mild platybasia, and a basilar invagination. The p.W307R variant is located within the arginine-tryptophan-zipper within the D3 domain of the IL-11R, a structural element known to be important for the stability of the cytokine receptor. Expression of IL-11R-W307R in cells shows impaired maturation of the IL-11R, no transport to the cell surface and intracellular retention. Accordingly, cells stably expressing IL-11R-W307R do not respond when stimulated with IL-11, arguing for a loss-of-function mutation. In summary, the IL-11R-W307R variant, reported here for the first time to our knowledge, is most likely the causative variant underlying craniosynostosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ahmad
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, and University Heart Center, University of Lübeck, Building 67, BMF, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
- DZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Juliane Lokau
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Birte Kespohl
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Naveed Altaf Malik
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Roland Hartig
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology and Service Unit Multiparametric Bioimaging and Cytometry, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Behme
- University Clinic for Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Roland Schwab
- University Clinic for Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Core Facility Genomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammad Jameel
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Aga Khan University, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sören Mucha
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, and University Heart Center, University of Lübeck, Building 67, BMF, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG) and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, and University Heart Center, University of Lübeck, Building 67, BMF, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC:I3), Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Health and Medical Prevention (ChaMP), Otto-Von-Guericke-University, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Al Kaissi A, Ryabykh S, Chehida FB, Al Kaissi H, Kircher SG, Grill F, Guben A. Meticulous and Early Understanding of Congenital Cranial Defects Can Save Lives. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1240. [PMID: 37508737 PMCID: PMC10378193 DOI: 10.3390/children10071240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omitting the early closure of the cranial sutures in newly born children is not an uncommon practice. We describe the natural history of several unrelated children and adults from two unrelated families. These children were born with variable clinical manifestations: craniofacial asymmetry, ocular proptosis, floppiness, and progressive deceleration in cognitive development. None of these children underwent a cranial sutures assessment. False diagnoses of positional plagiocephaly, neonatal thyrotoxicosis, congenital muscular atrophy, and hydrocephalus were given to the parents. This sort of malpractice was the reason behind a sequence of devastating pathological events that occurred in the lifetime of these children and adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a multigenerational study of two unrelated families. In total, we studied three children (aged 7-19 years) and three adults (aged 40-52 years) from two families. The children from the first family were referred to our departments because of pre-pubertal scoliosis, kyphoscoliosis, and early-onset osteoarthritis. Reading the clinical histories of these children signified apparent clinical misconceptions. For instance, craniofacial asymmetry was misinterpreted as positional plagiocephaly and treated by means of helmet molding therapy. Ocular proptosis was given the false diagnosis of neonatal thyrotoxicosis. Floppiness (hypotonia) was misdiagnosed as congenital muscular dystrophy. The index case from the second family showed progressive deceleration in his cognitive development, associated with signs of increased intracranial pressure. The only diagnosis was Dandy-Walker malformation. We documented every patient in accordance with the clinical and radiological phenotypic characterizations. The genotype characterization followed accordingly. RESULTS All patients in family (I) manifested a phenotype consistent to a certain extent with the clinical phenotype of Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome (SGS), though the intensity of spine deformities was greater than has been described in the literature. The second family showed a constellation of Marfanoid habitus, craniosynostosis, increased intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, Dandy-Walker malformation, seizures, and intellectual disability. The overall clinical phenotype was consistent but not fully diagnostic of craniosynostosis-Dandy-Walker-malformation hydrocephalus syndrome. The early closure of the sutures was totally different from one patient to another, including the premature closure of the metopic, coronal, squamosal, and sagittal sutures. One patient from family (II) underwent the implementation of a shunt system at the age of 3 years, unfortunately passing over the pre-existing craniosynostosis. In addition to skeletal deformities, a history of seizures and severe intellectual disability was recorded. The proband underwent chromosomal karyotyping, the FISH test, and whole-exome sequencing. CONCLUSION The purpose of this study was fivefold. Firstly, to gain a meticulous understanding in order to differentiate between positional plagiocephaly, hypotonia, and congenital exophthalmos and their connections to abnormal craniofacial contours was and still is our first and foremost concern. Secondly, we aimed to characterize craniosynostosis, seizures, intellectual disabilities, and hydrocephalus associated with Marfanoid habitus, which were clearly demonstrated in our patients. Thirdly, we aimed to address the imperative for interpretations of clinical and radiological phenotypes and relate these tools to etiological understanding, which is an essential basis for diagnosis in the majority of long-term pediatric admissions. Fourthly, we aimed to assess the impacts of the missed early closure by the pediatricians and pediatric neurologists, which added a heavy pathological burden on these patients and their families. Fifthly, we aimed to identify whether early and diligent recognition can assist in cranial vault remodeling via surgical intervention to halt premature cranial suture fusions and can possibly alter the devastating course and the complications of the synostosed sutures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al Kaissi
- National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics n.a. G.A. Ilizarov, 640014 Kurgan, Russia
| | - Sergey Ryabykh
- National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics n.a. G.A. Ilizarov, 640014 Kurgan, Russia
| | - Farid Ben Chehida
- Ibn Zohr Institute of Diagnostic Radiology, Cite Al Khadra, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Al Kaissi
- Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Luisen Hospital, 52064 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerit Kircher
- Center of Medical Patho-Biochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Grill
- Pediatric Department, Orthopedic Hospital of Speising, 1130 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Guben
- Department of Orthopedic Department, Saint-Petersburg State University Hospital, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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17
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Marincak Vrankova Z, Krivanek J, Danek Z, Zelinka J, Brysova A, Izakovicova Holla L, Hartsfield JK, Borilova Linhartova P. Candidate genes for obstructive sleep apnea in non-syndromic children with craniofacial dysmorphisms - a narrative review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1117493. [PMID: 37441579 PMCID: PMC10334820 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1117493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) is a complex disease with multifactorial etiopathogenesis. The presence of craniofacial dysmorphisms influencing the patency of the upper airway is considered a risk factor for POSA development. The craniofacial features associated with sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) - craniosynostosis, retrognathia and micrognathia, midface and maxillary hypoplasia - have high heritability and, in a less severe form, could be also found in non-syndromic children suffering from POSA. As genetic factors play a role in both POSA and craniofacial dysmorphisms, we hypothesize that some genes associated with specific craniofacial features that are involved in the development of the orofacial area may be also considered candidate genes for POSA. The genetic background of POSA in children is less explored than in adults; so far, only one genome-wide association study for POSA has been conducted; however, children with craniofacial disorders were excluded from that study. In this narrative review, we discuss syndromes that are commonly associated with severe craniofacial dysmorphisms and a high prevalence of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD), including POSA. We also summarized information about their genetic background and based on this, proposed 30 candidate genes for POSA affecting craniofacial development that may play a role in children with syndromes, and identified seven of these genes that were previously associated with craniofacial features risky for POSA development in non-syndromic children. The evidence-based approach supports the proposition that variants of these candidate genes could lead to POSA phenotype even in these children, and, thus, should be considered in future research in the general pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Marincak Vrankova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Institution Shared with the University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krivanek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Danek
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Institution Shared with the University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Zelinka
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Institution Shared with the University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Brysova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovicova Holla
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - James K. Hartsfield
- E. Preston Hicks Professor of Orthodontics and Oral Health Research, University of Kentucky Center for the Biologic Basis of Oral/Systemic Diseases, Hereditary Genetics/Genomics Core, Lexington, KE, United States
| | - Petra Borilova Linhartova
- Clinic of Stomatology, Institution Shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Institution Shared with the University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Liang C, Profico A, Buzi C, Khonsari RH, Johnson D, O'Higgins P, Moazen M. Normal human craniofacial growth and development from 0 to 4 years. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9641. [PMID: 37316540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of human craniofacial growth (increase in size) and development (change in shape) is important in the clinical treatment of a range of conditions that affects it. This study uses an extensive collection of clinical CT scans to investigate craniofacial growth and development over the first 48 months of life, detail how the cranium changes in form (size and shape) in each sex and how these changes are associated with the growth and development of various soft tissues such as the brain, eyes and tongue and the expansion of the nasal cavity. This is achieved through multivariate analyses of cranial form based on 3D landmarks and semi-landmarks and by analyses of linear dimensions, and cranial volumes. The results highlight accelerations and decelerations in cranial form changes throughout early childhood. They show that from 0 to 12 months, the cranium undergoes greater changes in form than from 12 to 48 months. However, in terms of the development of overall cranial shape, there is no significant sexual dimorphism in the age range considered in this study. In consequence a single model of human craniofacial growth and development is presented for future studies to examine the physio-mechanical interactions of the craniofacial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Liang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Costantino Buzi
- Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES-CERCA), Tarragona, Spain
- Departament d'Història i Història de l'Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Roman H Khonsari
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Necker - Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Johnson
- Oxford Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul O'Higgins
- PalaeoHub, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Mehran Moazen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
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19
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Ueharu H, Mishina Y. BMP signaling during craniofacial development: new insights into pathological mechanisms leading to craniofacial anomalies. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1170511. [PMID: 37275223 PMCID: PMC10232782 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1170511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) are the origin of the anterior part of the face and the head. Cranial NCCs are multipotent cells giving rise to bones, cartilage, adipose-tissues in the face, and neural cells, melanocytes, and others. The behavior of cranial NCCs (proliferation, cell death, migration, differentiation, and cell fate specification) are well regulated by several signaling pathways; abnormalities in their behavior are often reported as causative reasons for craniofacial anomalies (CFAs), which occur in 1 in 100 newborns in the United States. Understanding the pathological mechanisms of CFAs would facilitate strategies for identifying, preventing, and treating CFAs. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays a pleiotropic role in many cellular processes during embryonic development. We and others have reported that abnormalities in BMP signaling in cranial NCCs develop CFAs in mice. Abnormal levels of BMP signaling cause miscorrelation with other signaling pathways such as Wnt signaling and FGF signaling, which mutations in the signaling pathways are known to develop CFAs in mice and humans. Recent Genome-Wide Association Studies and exome sequencing demonstrated that some patients with CFAs presented single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), missense mutations, and duplication of genes related to BMP signaling activities, suggesting that defects in abnormal BMP signaling in human embryos develop CFAs. There are still a few cases of BMP-related patients with CFAs. One speculation is that human embryos with mutations in coding regions of BMP-related genes undergo embryonic lethality before developing the craniofacial region as well as mice development; however, no reports are available that show embryonic lethality caused by BMP mutations in humans. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in the understanding of BMP signaling during craniofacial development in mice and describe how we can translate the knowledge from the transgenic mice to CFAs in humans.
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Umar M, Bartoletti G, Dong C, Gahankari A, Browne D, Deng A, Jaramillo J, Sammarco M, Simkin J, He F. Characterizing the role of Pdgfra in calvarial development. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:589-604. [PMID: 36606407 PMCID: PMC10159935 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian calvarium is composed of flat bones developed from two origins, neural crest, and mesoderm. Cells from both origins exhibit similar behavior but express distinct transcriptomes. It is intriguing to ask whether genes shared by both origins play similar or distinct roles in development. In the present study, we have examined the role of Pdgfra, which is expressed in both neural crest and mesoderm, in specific lineages during calvarial development. RESULTS We found that in calvarial progenitor cells, Pdgfra is needed to maintain normal proliferation and migration of neural crest cells but only proliferation of mesoderm cells. Later in calvarial osteoblasts, we found that Pdgfra is necessary for both proliferation and differentiation of neural crest-derived cells, but not for differentiation of mesoderm-derived cells. We also examined the potential interaction between Pdgfra and other signaling pathway involved in calvarial osteoblasts but did not identify significant alteration of Wnt or Hh signaling activity in Pdgfra genetic models. CONCLUSIONS Pdgfra is required for normal calvarial development in both neural crest cells and mesoderm cells, but these lineages exhibit distinct responses to alteration of Pdgfra activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Umar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Garrett Bartoletti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chunmin Dong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Apurva Gahankari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Danielle Browne
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alastair Deng
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Josue Jaramillo
- Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mimi Sammarco
- Department of Surgery, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Simkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fenglei He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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21
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Vogiatzi A, Keklikoglou K, Makris K, Argyrou DS, Zacharopoulos A, Sotiropoulou V, Parthenios N, Gkikas A, Kokkori M, Richardson MSW, Fenwick AL, Archontidi S, Arvanitidis C, Robertson J, Parthenios J, Zacharakis G, Twigg SRF, Wilkie AOM, Mavrothalassitis G. Development of Erf-Mediated Craniosynostosis and Pharmacological Amelioration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7961. [PMID: 37175668 PMCID: PMC10178537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ETS2 repressor factor (ERF) insufficiency causes craniosynostosis (CRS4) in humans and mice. ERF is an ETS domain transcriptional repressor regulated by Erk1/2 phosphorylation via nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. Here, we analyze the onset and development of the craniosynostosis phenotype in an Erf-insufficient mouse model and evaluate the potential of the residual Erf activity augmented by pharmacological compounds to ameliorate the disease. Erf insufficiency appears to cause an initially compromised frontal bone formation and subsequent multisuture synostosis, reflecting distinct roles of Erf on the cells that give rise to skull and facial bones. We treated animals with Mek1/2 and nuclear export inhibitors, U0126 and KPT-330, respectively, to increase Erf activity by two independent pathways. We implemented both a low dosage locally over the calvaria and a systemic drug administration scheme to evaluate the possible indirect effects from other systems and minimize toxicity. The treatment of mice with either the inhibitors or the administration scheme alleviated the synostosis phenotype with minimal adverse effects. Our data suggest that the ERF level is an important regulator of cranial bone development and that pharmacological modulation of its activity may represent a valid intervention approach both in CRS4 and in other syndromic forms of craniosynostosis mediated by the FGFR-RAS-ERK-ERF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Vogiatzi
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- IMBB, FORTH, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kleoniki Keklikoglou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Biology Department, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Angelos Gkikas
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Kokkori
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Melodie S. W. Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Aimée L. Fenwick
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sofia Archontidi
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos Arvanitidis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- LifeWatch ERIC, Sector II-II, Plaza de España, 41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen R. F. Twigg
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Andrew O. M. Wilkie
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - George Mavrothalassitis
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- IMBB, FORTH, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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22
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Aldawood ZA, Mancinelli L, Geng X, Yeh SCA, Di Carlo R, C. Leite T, Gustafson J, Wilk K, Yozgatian J, Garakani S, Bassir SH, Cunningham ML, Lin CP, Intini G. Expansion of the sagittal suture induces proliferation of skeletal stem cells and sustains endogenous calvarial bone regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2120826120. [PMID: 37040407 PMCID: PMC10120053 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120826120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In newborn humans, and up to approximately 2 y of age, calvarial bone defects can naturally regenerate. This remarkable regeneration potential is also found in newborn mice and is absent in adult mice. Since previous studies showed that the mouse calvarial sutures are reservoirs of calvarial skeletal stem cells (cSSCs), which are the cells responsible for calvarial bone regeneration, here we hypothesized that the regenerative potential of the newborn mouse calvaria is due to a significant amount of cSSCs present in the newborn expanding sutures. Thus, we tested whether such regenerative potential can be reverse engineered in adult mice by artificially inducing an increase of the cSSCs resident within the adult calvarial sutures. First, we analyzed the cellular composition of the calvarial sutures in newborn and in older mice, up to 14-mo-old mice, showing that the sutures of the younger mice are enriched in cSSCs. Then, we demonstrated that a controlled mechanical expansion of the functionally closed sagittal sutures of adult mice induces a significant increase of the cSSCs. Finally, we showed that if a calvarial critical size bone defect is created simultaneously to the mechanical expansion of the sagittal suture, it fully regenerates without the need for additional therapeutic aids. Using a genetic blockade system, we further demonstrate that this endogenous regeneration is mediated by the canonical Wnt signaling. This study shows that controlled mechanical forces can harness the cSSCs and induce calvarial bone regeneration. Similar harnessing strategies may be used to develop novel and more effective bone regeneration autotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra A. Aldawood
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luigi Mancinelli
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Xuehui Geng
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Shu-Chi A. Yeh
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
| | - Roberta Di Carlo
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Taiana C. Leite
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
| | - Jonas Gustafson
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA98101
| | - Katarzyna Wilk
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02115
| | - Joseph Yozgatian
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02115
| | - Sasan Garakani
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02115
| | - Seyed Hossein Bassir
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA02115
| | - Michael L. Cunningham
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA98101
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Charles P. Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114
| | - Giuseppe Intini
- Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of PittsburghSchool of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15261
- University of Pittsburgh UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA15232
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15219
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23
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Hsu W, Maruyama T. Analysis of skeletal stem cells by renal capsule transplantation and ex vivo culture systems. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1143344. [PMID: 37064888 PMCID: PMC10090280 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1143344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem cells residing in the suture mesenchyme are responsible for proper development, homeostasis, and injury repair of the craniofacial skeleton. These naïve cells are programmed to differentiate into osteoblast cell types and mediate bone formation via an intramembranous ossification mechanism. The simplicity of this system also offers great advantages to studying osteoblastogenesis compared to the appendicular and axial skeletons. Recent studies utilizing genetically based cell tracing have led to the identification of skeletal stem cell populations in craniofacial and body skeletons. Although the genetic analysis indicates these cells behave like stem cells in vivo, not all of them have been thoroughly examined by stem cell isolation and stem cell-mediated tissue generation. As regeneration is an integral part of stem cell characteristics, it is necessary to further analyze their ability to generate tissue at the ectopic site. The establishment of an ex vivo culture system to maintain the stemness properties for extended periods without losing the regenerative ability is also pertinent to advance our knowledge base of skeletal stem cells and their clinical applications in regenerative medicine. The purpose of this review is to discuss our recent advancements in analyses of skeletal stem cells using renal capsule transplantation and sphere culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hsu
- Forsyth Institue, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Faculty of Medicine of Harvard University, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Wei Hsu, ,
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24
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Zarour S, Constantini S, Roth J, Friedman S, Kirgner I, Cohen B, Ekstein M. Postoperative coagulopathy among otherwise healthy pediatric patients undergoing open craniosynostosis repair: a retrospective study. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:1341-1349. [PMID: 36639535 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04805-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Significant blood loss and resultant transfusion may lead to coagulopathy. The need for routine transfusion of non-RBC blood products in healthy pediatric patients suffering significant, yet controlled, intra-operative blood loss is controversial. Open craniosynostosis surgery is often associated with significant intra-operative blood loss and transfusion, and routinely preformed on otherwise healthy pediatric patients. Therefore, we found it as a useful model for our study, which aimed to assess the need for routine transfusion of non-RBC blood products in healthy pediatric patients suffering significant intra-operative blood loss. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of otherwise healthy pediatric patients, undergoing open craniosynostosis surgery and transfused solely with packed red blood cells (pRBCs) in a single large-volume tertiary surgical center, between January 2010 and December 2021. Among 457 eligible patients, 34 (7.4%) developed significant postoperative coagulopathy. Median [IQR] intra-operative pRBC transfusion volume was 17.4 ml kg-1 [13.3, 23.1]. Patients who developed coagulopathy did not have higher postoperative pRBC transfusion rate (8.8% vs 3.8%, P = 0.16) or volume (median [IQR], 0 [0, 0] vs 0 [0, 0] ml, P = 0.15), nor higher hospital LOS (5 [4, 5] vs 5 [4, 5] days, P = 0.66). ICU LOS was 0.8 [0.7, 1] vs 0.7 [0.6, 0.8] days (P = 0.02), a difference of no clinical significance. Conclusions: The incidence of significant coagulopathy after craniosynostosis surgery was low, and not associated with clinically important complications. In otherwise healthy pediatric patients, even significant intra-operative blood loss can be safely managed solely with intravenous fluids and pRBC transfusion. What is Known: • Significant intra-operative blood loss and resultant transfusion may lead to postoperative coagulopathy. • There are potential deleterious effects from both coagulopathy and administration of blood products. What is New: • Open craniosynostosis corrective surgery is a useful model for studying coagulopathy after significant intra-operative blood loss and transfusion in otherwise healthy children. • Under certain conditions, in otherwise healthy pediatric patients, even significant intra-operative blood loss can be safely treated with intravenous fluids and pRBC transfusion alone, with no clinically significant postoperative coagulopathy or its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiri Zarour
- Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Management, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomi Constantini
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan Roth
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shirley Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilya Kirgner
- Department of Haematology, Director Blood Bank and Apheresis Unit, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Barak Cohen
- Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Management, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Margaret Ekstein
- Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Pain Management, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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25
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Moderne Behandlung von Kraniosynostosen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-022-01683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei 13–48 % aller Lebendgeborenen treten Auffälligkeiten der Schädelform auf. Meistens ist ein lagerungsbedingter Plagiozephalus ursächlich. Bei vorzeitigem Verschluss von Schädelnähten resultieren pathognomische Deformitäten durch das kompensatorische Wachstum der umgebenden Schädelknochen. Es muss zwischen Einzelnahtsynostosen und Kraniosynostosen im Rahmen syndromaler Erkrankungen unterschieden werden.
Ziel
Diese Arbeit soll einen Überblick über Diagnostik, konservative und chirurgische Therapie von Kraniosynostosen geben.
Methoden
Narratives Review.
Ergebnis
Bei Verdacht auf eine Kraniosynostose erfolgt zunächst die klinische Beurteilung und Einschätzung durch erfahrene Untersucher. Die pathognomische Schädelform ergibt die Arbeitsdiagnose. Bestätigt wird diese durch Verfahren wie 3D-Stereofotografie und Sonographie. In komplexen Fällen können CT oder MRT notwendig sein.
Die Indikation für eine Therapie ergibt sich aus ästhetischen Gesichtspunkten und der Vorbeugung psychosozialer Folgen. Bei syndromalen Formen besteht diese insbesondere zur Vermeidung möglicher Folgen eines erhöhten Hirndrucks.
Besteht die Indikation zur Operation muss zwischen endoskopischer und offener Technik unterschieden werden. Unterschiede bestehen hier hinsichtlich Invasivität und möglichem Korrekturausmaß. Im Anschluss an die operative Behandlung schließt sich häufig eine Helmtherapie an, um das bestmögliche Ergebnis zu erreichen. Die anschließende Follow-up-Periode erstreckt sich mindestens bis zum 12. Lebensjahr. Insgesamt sollte die Behandlung im Team mit Neurochirurgen, Mund‑, Kiefer‑, Gesichtschirurgen, Kinderärzten, Augenärzten und Humangenetikern stattfinden.
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Shafaei Khanghah Y, Foroutan A, Sherafat A, Fatemi MJ, Bagheri Faradonbeh H, Akbari H. Implementation of Upper Extremity Trauma Registry: A Pilot Study. World J Plast Surg 2023; 12:29-36. [PMID: 37220580 PMCID: PMC10200090 DOI: 10.52547/wjps.12.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hand traumas are common in young men and their complications can have negative effects on their occupation and economic activities. On the other hand, most of the hand injuries are related to occupation accidents and thus necessitates preventive measures. The goal of a clinical registry is assisting epidemiologic surveys, quality improvement preventions. Methods This article explains the first phase of implementing a registry for upper extremity trauma. This phase includes recording of demographic data of patients. A questionnaire was designed. Contents include patients' characteristics, pattern of injury and past medical history in a minimal data set checklist. This questionnaire was filled in the emergency room by general practitioners. For 2 months the data were collected in paper based manner, then problems and obstacles were evaluated and corrected. During this period a web based software was designed. The registry was then ran for another 4 months using web based software. Results From 6.11.2019 to 5.3.2020, 1675 patients were recorded in the registry. Random check of recorded data suggests that accuracy of records was about 95.5%. Most of the missing data was related to associated injuries and job experience. Some mechanisms of injury seems to be related to Iran community and thus warrants special attention for preventive activities. Conclusion With a special registry personnel and supervision of plastic surgery faculties, an accurate record of data of upper extremity trauma is possible. The patterns of injury were remarkable and can be used for investigations and policy making for prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Foroutan
- Hazrate Fatemeh Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Sherafat
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Hossein Akbari
- Hazrate Fatemeh Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nobakht M, Hasanpour SE. Comparison of Craniosynostosis Surgery Outcomes Using Resorbable Plates and Screws versus Absorbable Sutures in Children with Craniosynostosis. World J Plast Surg 2023; 12:37-42. [PMID: 37220571 PMCID: PMC10200089 DOI: 10.52547/wjps.12.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, absorbable screw and plate systems were widely used in craniosynostosis surgery in Iran, but now, due to the establishment of economic sanctions, the importation of these tools into the country has become difficult. In this study, we compared the short-term complications of cranioplasty surgery in craniosynostosis using absorbable plate screws with absorbable sutures. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 47 patients with a history of craniosynostosis who underwent cranioplasty at Tehran Mofid Hospital, Tehran, Iran from 2018 to 2021 were divided into two groups. For first group (31 patients) we used absorbable plate and screws, and for the second group (16 patients) absorbable sutures (PDS). All operations in both groups were performed by the identical surgical team. Patients followed up for consecutive post-operative examinations in the first and second weeks and 1, 3, and 6 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Results The results did not show any short-term or medium-term complications in either group. No recurrences were observed. In Whittaker classification, 63.8% were Class I, 29.8% were Class II, 6.4% were Class III, and 0% were Class IV. There was no statistically significant relationship between the type of treatment (screw and plate or absorbable suture) and higher Whitaker. There was also no statistically significant relationship between type of craniosynostosis and higher Whittaker. Conclusion The absorbable sutures can be considered as valuable and cost-effective tools in the fixation of bone fragments in craniosynostosis surgeries by surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nobakht
- Department of Plastic Surgery, 15 Khordad Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmail Hasanpour
- Department of Plastic Surgery, 15 Khordad Educational Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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A preliminary analysis of replicating the biomechanics of helmet therapy for sagittal craniosynostosis. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 39:989-996. [PMID: 36565313 PMCID: PMC10160196 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanics of endoscopically assisted strip craniectomy treatment for the management of sagittal craniosynostosis while undergoing three different durations of postoperative helmet therapy using a computational approach. METHODS A previously developed 3D model of a 4-month-old sagittal craniosynostosis patient was used. The strip craniectomy incisions were replicated across the segmented parietal bones. Areas across the calvarial were selected and constrained to represent the helmet placement after surgery. Skull growth was modelled and three variations of helmet therapy were investigated, where the timings of helmet removal alternated between 2, 5, and 8 months after surgery. RESULTS The predicted outcomes suggest that the prolonging of helmet placement has perhaps a beneficial impact on the postoperative long-term morphology of the skull. No considerable difference was found on the pattern of contact pressure at the interface of growing intracranial volume and the skull between the considered helmeting durations. CONCLUSION Although the validation of these simulations could not be performed, these simulations showed that the duration of helmet therapy after endoscopically assisted strip craniectomy influenced the cephalic index at 36 months. Further studies require to validate these preliminary findings yet this study can lay the foundations for further studies to advance our fundamental understanding of mechanics of helmet therapy.
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SOMOLAN CV, PETCHESI CD, JURCA C, BEMBEA M. Clinical-Epidemiological Study of a Cohort of 35 Patients with Craniosynostosis. MAEDICA 2022; 17:893-901. [PMID: 36818258 PMCID: PMC9923084 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2022.17.4.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction:Craniosynostosis is a congenital anomaly defined as early ossification of the cranial sutures. It is a rare pathology worldwide, implicitly also in our country, with a prevalence of 1:2100-1:2500. However, it represents a condition with potentially severe complications in terms of patient functionality. At the same time, not much research has been done in this field. Thus, it was considered useful to conduct a study on the epidemiology of craniosynostosis in Bihor county. Objectives: The present study had the following objectives: updating epidemiological data; analysis of the clinical data of the study group; identification of risk factors in the occurrence of the disease; evaluating the prospects for a genetic approach to the disease, including genetic testing and genetic counseling. Materials and method: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data from a cohort of 35 patients were collected using the database which were made available by the Bihor Regional Center for Medical Genetics. Only patients with imaging-confirmed craniosynostosis in the last three decades were included in the study. Outcomes:Most patients were diagnosed in the age range of one month - one year, the mean being 197 days. The most frequently affected suture was the sagittal suture (60%) and the least affected one the metopic suture (5%). Combined lesions were present in three cases. The majority (75%) of cases were isolated craniosynostosis, with the remaining 25% being diagnosed in the context of a genetic syndrome (most frequently Apert syndrome). Throughout the three explored decades, a significant increase in the number of cases was observed. Conclusion:The most commonly affected groups included male patients, those from rural areas, those born after year 2000, especially from 2011 to the present. Most cases were isolated craniosynostosis. Heredo-collateral antecedents were insignificant. Three risk factors were present, including male sex, maternal smoking during pregnancy and advanced parents' ages. Complications of the disease were rare and a minority of patients benefited from surgical treatment. Genetic counseling is an important component of disease prevention and should be offered as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia JURCA
- University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania
| | - Marius BEMBEA
- University of Oradea, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania
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Ang PS, Matrongolo MJ, Zietowski ML, Nathan SL, Reid RR, Tischfield MA. Cranium growth, patterning and homeostasis. Development 2022; 149:dev201017. [PMID: 36408946 PMCID: PMC9793421 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial development requires precise spatiotemporal regulation of multiple signaling pathways that crosstalk to coordinate the growth and patterning of the skull with surrounding tissues. Recent insights into these signaling pathways and previously uncharacterized progenitor cell populations have refined our understanding of skull patterning, bone mineralization and tissue homeostasis. Here, we touch upon classical studies and recent advances with an emphasis on developmental and signaling mechanisms that regulate the osteoblast lineage for the calvaria, which forms the roof of the skull. We highlight studies that illustrate the roles of osteoprogenitor cells and cranial suture-derived stem cells for proper calvarial growth and homeostasis. We also discuss genes and signaling pathways that control suture patency and highlight how perturbing the molecular regulation of these pathways leads to craniosynostosis. Finally, we discuss the recently discovered tissue and signaling interactions that integrate skull and cerebrovascular development, and the potential implications for both cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics and brain waste clearance in craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S. Ang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Matt J. Matrongolo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | - Shelby L. Nathan
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Max A. Tischfield
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Ahmadpour S, Foghi K. A rare case of the scaphocephalic skull of an adult male. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-022-00303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Scaphocephaly is a craniofacial anomaly where the skull is disproportionately long and narrow. Premature closure of the sagittal suture is thought to be at the core of the etiopathology for scaphocephaly.
Case presentation
The skull is a well-preserved skull found in an antiquated graveyard at Parkand village Daregaz, Iran, with no visible signs of surgical manipulation. The craniofacial indices were measured. The maximum cranial length was 200 mm, and the measured length of nasion-bregma was 140mm, whereas most of the measurements were less than the normal scaphocephalic indices. Another morphological finding was the flattening of the frontal bone.
Conclusions
The cranial vault morphometry and morphology of the presented case fit the scalp. In addition to the characteristics of scaphocephaly, the presented skull was of a rare trait, frontal flattening, which has not been reported before.
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Sarda P, Vagha K, Kenjale S, Singh K, Wazurkar A, Ganvir SP, Huse S, Ghulaxe Y. A Case Report on Copper Beaten Skull Appearance: A Forgotten Entity. Cureus 2022; 14:e30760. [PMID: 36457643 PMCID: PMC9705059 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An uncommon autosomal dominant condition known as Crouzon's syndrome causes abnormalities of the skull and face. It accounts for 4.8% of all cases of craniosynostosis and is by far the most prevalent condition among them. The fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR-2) gene mutation that leads to early suture line closure is the basis for the development of Crouzon's syndrome. It appears as a copper-beaten skull on radiographs, which may indicate a disruption of the brain's normal growth due to elevated intracranial pressure. This report describes a case of a four-year-old kid who exhibits the typical symptoms of Crouzon's syndrome like craniosynostosis, hypertelorism, and flattened nasal bridge. We also make an effort to investigate the connection between Crouzon syndrome and the emergence of a copper-beaten skull and related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prayas Sarda
- Medicine and Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Keta Vagha
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Sneha Kenjale
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Kushagra Singh
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Ajinkya Wazurkar
- Pediatrics, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Shubhangi Patil Ganvir
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Shreyash Huse
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
| | - Yash Ghulaxe
- Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, IND
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A diffusion tensor imaging analysis of white matter microstructures in non-operated craniosynostosis patients. Neuroradiology 2022; 64:2391-2398. [PMID: 35760925 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-022-02997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 7 to 15-year-old operated syndromic craniosynostosis patients, we have shown the presence of microstructural anomalies in brain white matter by using DTI. To learn more about the cause of these anomalies, the aim of the study is to determine diffusivity values in white matter tracts in non-operated syndromic craniosynostosis patients aged 0-2 years compared to healthy controls. METHODS DTI datasets of 51 non-operated patients with syndromic craniosynostosis with a median [IQR] age of 0.40 [0.25] years were compared with 17 control subjects with a median of 1.20 [0.85] years. Major white matter tract pathways were reconstructed with ExploreDTI from MRI brain datasets acquired on a 1.5 T MRI system. Eigenvalues of these tract data were examined, with subsequent assessment of the affected tracts. Having syndromic craniosynostosis (versus control), gender, age, frontal occipital horn ratio (FOHR), and tract volume were treated as independent variables. RESULTS ʎ2 and ʎ3 of the tracts genu of the corpus callosum and the hippocampal segment of the cingulum bundle show a ƞ2 > 0.14 in the comparison of patients vs controls, which indicates a large effect on radial diffusivity. Subsequent linear regressions on radial diffusivity of these tracts show that age and FOHR are significantly associated interacting factors on radial diffusivity (p < 0.025). CONCLUSION Syndromic craniosynostosis shows not to be a significant factor influencing the major white matter tracts. Enlargement of the ventricles show to be a significant factor on radial diffusivity in the tracts corpus callosum genu and the hippocampal segment of the cingulate bundle. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION MEC-2014-461.
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Bukowska-Olech E, Sowińska-Seidler A, Larysz D, Gawliński P, Koczyk G, Popiel D, Gurba-Bryśkiewicz L, Materna-Kiryluk A, Adamek Z, Szczepankiewicz A, Dominiak P, Glista F, Matuszewska K, Jamsheer A. Results from Genetic Studies in Patients Affected with Craniosynostosis: Clinical and Molecular Aspects. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:865494. [PMID: 35591945 PMCID: PMC9112228 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.865494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Craniosynostosis (CS) represents a highly heterogeneous genetic condition whose genetic background has not been yet revealed. The abnormality occurs either in isolated form or syndromic, as an element of hundreds of different inborn syndromes. Consequently, CS may often represent a challenging diagnostic issue. Methods: We investigated a three-tiered approach (karyotyping, Sanger sequencing, followed by custom gene panel/chromosomal microarray analysis, and exome sequencing), coupled with prioritization of variants based on dysmorphological assessment and description in terms of human phenotype ontology. In addition, we have also performed a statistical analysis of the obtained clinical data using the nonparametric test χ2. Results: We achieved a 43% diagnostic success rate and have demonstrated the complexity of mutations’ type harbored by the patients, which were either chromosomal aberrations, copy number variations, or point mutations. The majority of pathogenic variants were found in the well-known CS genes, however, variants found in genes associated with chromatinopathies or RASopathies are of particular interest. Conclusion: We have critically summarized and then optimised a cost-effective diagnostic algorithm, which may be helpful in a daily diagnostic routine and future clinical research of various CS types. Moreover, we have pinpointed the possible underestimated co-occurrence of CS and intellectual disability, suggesting it may be overlooked when intellectual disability constitutes a primary clinical complaint. On the other hand, in any case of already detected syndromic CS and intellectual disability, the possible occurrence of clinical features suggestive for chromatinopathies or RASopathies should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Bukowska-Olech
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- *Correspondence: Ewelina Bukowska-Olech, ; Aleksander Jamsheer,
| | - Anna Sowińska-Seidler
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Larysz
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery for Children and Adolescents, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- Prof. St. Popowski Regional Specialized Children's Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Gawliński
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Koczyk
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
- Biometry and Bioinformatics Team, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Materna-Kiryluk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Filip Glista
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Matuszewska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Jamsheer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland
- *Correspondence: Ewelina Bukowska-Olech, ; Aleksander Jamsheer,
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Stanton E, Urata M, Chen JF, Chai Y. The clinical manifestations, molecular mechanisms and treatment of craniosynostosis. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049390. [PMID: 35451466 PMCID: PMC9044212 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is a major congenital craniofacial disorder characterized by the premature fusion of cranial suture(s). Patients with severe craniosynostosis often have impairments in hearing, vision, intracranial pressure and/or neurocognitive functions. Craniosynostosis can result from mutations, chromosomal abnormalities or adverse environmental effects, and can occur in isolation or in association with numerous syndromes. To date, surgical correction remains the primary treatment for craniosynostosis, but it is associated with complications and with the potential for re-synostosis. There is, therefore, a strong unmet need for new therapies. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of craniosynostosis, including typical craniosynostosis types, their clinical manifestations, cranial suture development, and genetic and environmental causes. Based on studies from animal models, we present a framework for understanding the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis, with an emphasis on the loss of postnatal suture mesenchymal stem cells as an emerging disease-driving mechanism. We evaluate emerging treatment options and highlight the potential of mesenchymal stem cell-based suture regeneration as a therapeutic approach for craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Stanton
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mark Urata
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Quarto N, Menon S, Griffin M, Huber J, Longaker MT. Harnessing a Feasible and Versatile ex vivo Calvarial Suture 2-D Culture System to Study Suture Biology. Front Physiol 2022; 13:823661. [PMID: 35222087 PMCID: PMC8871685 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.823661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a basic science, craniofacial research embraces multiple facets spanning from molecular regulation of craniofacial development, cell biology/signaling and ultimately translational craniofacial biology. Calvarial sutures coordinate development of the skull, and the premature fusion of one or more, leads to craniosynostosis. Animal models provide significant contributions toward craniofacial biology and clinical/surgical treatments of patients with craniofacial disorders. Studies employing mouse models are costly and time consuming for housing/breeding. Herein, we present the establishment of a calvarial suture explant 2-D culture method that has been proven to be a reliable system showing fidelity with the in vivo harvesting procedure to isolate high yields of skeletal stem/progenitor cells from small number of mice. Moreover, this method allows the opportunity to phenocopying models of craniosynostosis and in vitro tamoxifen-induction of ActincreERT2;R26Rainbow suture explants to trace clonal expansion. This versatile method tackles needs of large number of mice to perform calvarial suture research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Natalina Quarto,
| | - Siddharth Menon
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Julika Huber
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Michael T. Longaker,
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An Investigation of the Relationship Between the Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio and Sagittal Synostosis. J Craniofac Surg 2022; 33:1705-1708. [PMID: 35148529 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000008512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common presentation of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis is that of the sagittal suture. Amongst this subgroup there is a significant male preponderance. Although the etiology is largely unknown, androgen exposure in utero has been suggested as a contributing factor. The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic trait, reflective of the levels of androgen and estrogen exposure in utero, with a lower 2D:4D ratio associated with higher androgen exposure.This study aimed to examine the difference in 2D:4D ratio between participants with sagittal synostosis (SS) and gender-matched controls, hypothesizing that alterations in androgen exposure would be reflected in participants' 2D:4D ratio. METHOD Participants with nonsyndromic SS and gender-matched controls were prospectively recruited from outpatients clinics. Photographs were taken of the right hand, and 3 independent researchers measured the length of the fingers and 2D:4D ratio, with the mean 2D:4D ratio then calculated. RESULTS Fifty-six participants were recruited to both groups, with 35 males and 21 females in each. The mean age of the study and control groups were 5.6 and 6.3 years, respectively. There was no difference in the 2D:4D ratio between groups overall (P = 0.126). However, males with SS had a significantly higher 2D:4D ratio in comparison to male controls (0.969 ± 0.379 versus 0.950 ± 0.354, P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 1 single hormonal pathway is not responsible for suture fusion. Subsequently we consider that an imbalance between testosterone and estrogen signaling may contribute to the development of sagittal craniosynostosis.
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Pereira‐Pedro AS, Bruner E. Craniofacial orientation and parietal bone morphology in adult modern humans. J Anat 2022; 240:330-338. [PMID: 34498271 PMCID: PMC8742967 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In adult humans, the orbits vary mostly in their orientation in relation to the frontal bone profile, while the orientation of the cranial base and face are associated with the anteroposterior dimensions of the parietal bone. Here we investigate the effect of parietal bone length on the orientation of the orbits, addressing craniofacial integration and head orientation. We applied shape analysis to a sample of computed tomography scans from 30 adult modern humans, capturing the outlines of the parietal and frontal bones, the orbits, and the lateral and midline cranial base, to investigate shape variation, covariation, and modularity. Results show that the orientation of the orbits varies in accordance with the anterior cranial base, and in association with changes in parietal bone longitudinal extension. Flatter, elongated parietal bones are associated with downwardly oriented orbits and cranial bases. Modularity analysis points to a significant integration among the orbits, anterior cranial base, and the frontal profile. While the orbits are morphologically integrated with the adjacent structures in terms of shape, the association with parietal bone size depends on the spatial relationship between the two blocks. Complementary changes in orbit and parietal bone might play a role in accommodating craniofacial variability and may contribute to maintain the functional axis of the head. To better understand how skull morphology and head posture relate, future studies should account for the spatial relationship between the head and the neck.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emiliano Bruner
- Grupo de PaleobiologíaCentro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución HumanaBurgosSpain
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Reardon T, Fiani B, Kosarchuk J, Parisi A, Shlobin NA. Management of Lambdoid Craniosynostosis: A Comprehensive and Systematic Review. Pediatr Neurosurg 2022; 57:1-16. [PMID: 34864743 DOI: 10.1159/000519175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniosynostosis is a condition characterized by the premature fusion of 2 or more skull bones. Craniosynostosis of the lambdoid suture is one of the rarest forms, accounting for 1-4% of all craniosynostoses. Documented cases are separated into simple (single suture), complex (bilateral), and associated with adjacent synostoses ("Mercedes Benz" Pattern) or syndromes (i.e., Crouzon, Sathre-Chotzen, Antley-Bixler). This condition can manifest phenotypic deformities and neurological sequelae that can lead to impaired cognitive function if improperly treated or left undiagnosed. Preferred surgical techniques have varied over time but all maintain the common goals of establishing proper head shape and preventing of complications that could contribute to aforementioned sequelae. SUMMARY This comprehensive review highlights demographic distributions, embryological development, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, neurological sequelae, radiologic findings, surgical techniques, surgical outcomes, and postoperative considerations of patients with lambdoid craniosynostosis presentation. In addition, a systematic review was conducted to explore the operative management of lambdoid craniosynostosis using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases, with 38 articles included after screening. Key Messages: Due to a low volume of published cases, diagnosis and treatment can vary. Large overlap in presentation can occur in patients that display lambdoid craniosynostosis and posterior plagiocephaly, furthering the need for comprehensive analysis. Possessing the knowledge and tools to properly assess patients with lambdoid craniosynostosis will allow for more precise care and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Reardon
- Kentucky College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pikeville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Brian Fiani
- Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan A Shlobin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Nuri T, Ota M, Ueda K, Iseki S. Quantitative Morphologic Analysis of Cranial Vault in Twist1+/- Mice: Implications in Craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 149:28e-37e. [PMID: 34936613 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The haploinsufficiency in the TWIST1 gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor is a cause of one of the craniosynostosis syndromes, Saethre-Chotzen syndrome. Patients with craniosynostosis usually require operative release of affected sutures, which makes it difficult to observe the long-term consequence of suture fusion on craniofacial growth. METHODS In this study, we performed quantitative analysis of morphologic changes of the skull in Twist1 heterozygously-deleted mice (Twist1+/-) with micro-computed tomographic images. RESULTS In Twist1+/- mice, fusion of the coronal suture began before postnatal day 14 and progressed until postnatal day 56, during which morphologic changes occurred. The growth of the skull was not achieved by a constant increase in the measured distances in wild type mice; some distances in the top-basal axis were decreased during the observation period. In the Twist1+/- mouse, growth in the top-basal axis was accelerated and that of the frontal cranium was reduced. In the unicoronal suture fusion mouse, the length of the zygomatic arch of affected side was shorter in the Twist1+/- mouse. In one postnatal day 56 Twist1+/- mouse with bilateral coronal suture fusion, asymmetric zygomatic arch length was identified. CONCLUSION The authors'results suggest that measuring the length of the left and right zygomatic arches may be useful for early diagnosis of coronal suture fusion and for estimation of the timing of synostosis, and that more detailed study on the growth pattern of the normal and the synostosed skull could provide prediction of the risk of resynostosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The data from this study can be useful to better understand the cranial growth pattern in patients with craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nuri
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College; Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University; and Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masato Ota
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College; Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University; and Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Koichi Ueda
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College; Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University; and Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- From the Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Osaka Medical College; Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University; and Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Cross C, Khonsari RH, Larysz D, Johnson D, Kölby L, Moazen M. Predicting and comparing three corrective techniques for sagittal craniosynostosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21216. [PMID: 34707183 PMCID: PMC8551239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sagittal synostosis is the most occurring form of craniosynostosis, resulting in calvarial deformation and possible long-term neurocognitive deficits. Several surgical techniques have been developed to correct these issues. Debates as to the most optimal approach are still ongoing. Finite element method is a computational tool that's shown to assist with the management of craniosynostosis. The aim of this study was to compare and predict the outcomes of three reconstruction methods for sagittal craniosynostosis. Here, a generic finite element model was developed based on a patient at 4 months of age and was virtually reconstructed under all three different techniques. Calvarial growth was simulated to predict the skull morphology and the impact of different reconstruction techniques on the brain growth up to 60 months of age. Predicted morphology was then compared with in vivo and literature data. Our results show a promising resemblance to morphological outcomes at follow up. Morphological characteristics between considered techniques were also captured in our predictions. Pressure outcomes across the brain highlight the potential impact that different techniques have on growth. This study lays the foundation for further investigation into additional reconstructive techniques for sagittal synostosis with the long-term vision of optimizing the management of craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Cross
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roman H Khonsari
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Necker - Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dawid Larysz
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery for Children and Adolescents, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Ul, Zolnierska 18a, 10-561, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - David Johnson
- Oxford Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Kölby
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mehran Moazen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
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Keklikoglou K, Arvanitidis C, Chatzigeorgiou G, Chatzinikolaou E, Karagiannidis E, Koletsa T, Magoulas A, Makris K, Mavrothalassitis G, Papanagnou ED, Papazoglou AS, Pavloudi C, Trougakos IP, Vasileiadou K, Vogiatzi A. Micro-CT for Biological and Biomedical Studies: A Comparison of Imaging Techniques. J Imaging 2021; 7:jimaging7090172. [PMID: 34564098 PMCID: PMC8470083 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging7090172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several imaging techniques are used in biological and biomedical studies. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a non-destructive imaging technique that allows the rapid digitisation of internal and external structures of a sample in three dimensions and with great resolution. In this review, the strengths and weaknesses of some common imaging techniques applied in biological and biomedical fields, such as optical microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, are presented and compared with the micro-CT technique through five use cases. Finally, the ability of micro-CT to create non-destructively 3D anatomical and morphological data in sub-micron resolution and the necessity to develop complementary methods with other imaging techniques, in order to overcome limitations caused by each technique, is emphasised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleoniki Keklikoglou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
- Biology Department, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Christos Arvanitidis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
- LifeWatch ERIC, 41071 Seville, Spain
| | - Georgios Chatzigeorgiou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
| | - Eva Chatzinikolaou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
| | - Efstratios Karagiannidis
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Triantafyllia Koletsa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Antonios Magoulas
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
| | - Konstantinos Makris
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.M.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
| | - George Mavrothalassitis
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.M.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
- IMBB, FORTH, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni-Dimitra Papanagnou
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15784 Athens, Greece; (E.-D.P.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Andreas S. Papazoglou
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Christina Pavloudi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15784 Athens, Greece; (E.-D.P.); (I.P.T.)
| | - Katerina Vasileiadou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (C.A.); (G.C.); (E.C.); (A.M.); (C.P.); (K.V.)
| | - Angeliki Vogiatzi
- Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (K.M.); (G.M.); (A.V.)
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Lu M, Yang B, Chen Z, Jiang H, Pan B. Phenotype Analysis and Genetic Study of Chinese Patients With Treacher Collins Syndrome. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021; 59:1038-1047. [PMID: 34397304 DOI: 10.1177/10556656211037509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to confirm the pathogenic variants, explore the genotype-phenotype correlation and characteristics of Chinese patients with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS). DESIGN Clinical details of 3 TCS family cases and 2 sporadic cases were collected and analyzed. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were conducted to detect causative variants. SETTING Tertiary clinical care. PATIENTS This study included 8 patients clinically diagnosed with TCS who were from 3 familial cases and 2 sporadic cases. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES When filtering the database, variants were saved as rare variants if their frequency were less than 0.005 in the 1000 Genomes Project Database, the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) browser, and the Novogene database, or they would be removed as common ones. The pathogenic variants identified were verified by polymerase chain reaction. The sequencing results were analyzed by Chromas 2.1 software. RESULTS Two novel pathogenic variants (NM_000356.3: c.537del and NM_000356.3: c.1965_1966dupGG) and 2 known pathogenic variants (NM_000356.3: c.1535del, NM_000356.3: c.4131_4135del) were identified within TCOF1 which are predicted to lead to premature termination codons resulting in a truncated protein. There was a known missense SNP (NM_015972.3: c.139G>A) within POLR1D. No phenotype-genotype correlation was observed. Instead, these 8 patients demonstrated the high genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity of TCS. CONCLUSIONS This study expands on the pathogenic gene pool of Chinese patients with TCS. Besides the great variation among patients which is similar to international reports, Chinese patients have their own characteristics in clinical phenotype and pathogenesis mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, 74698Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Digital Plastic Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, 74698Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiang Chen
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, 74698Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyue Jiang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, 74698Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, 74698Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Farmer DT, Mlcochova H, Zhou Y, Koelling N, Wang G, Ashley N, Bugacov H, Chen HJ, Parvez R, Tseng KC, Merrill AE, Maxson RE, Wilkie AOM, Crump JG, Twigg SRF. The developing mouse coronal suture at single-cell resolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4797. [PMID: 34376651 PMCID: PMC8355337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sutures separate the flat bones of the skull and enable coordinated growth of the brain and overlying cranium. The coronal suture is most commonly fused in monogenic craniosynostosis, yet the unique aspects of its development remain incompletely understood. To uncover the cellular diversity within the murine embryonic coronal suture, we generated single-cell transcriptomes and performed extensive expression validation. We find distinct pre-osteoblast signatures between the bone fronts and periosteum, a ligament-like population above the suture that persists into adulthood, and a chondrogenic-like population in the dura mater underlying the suture. Lineage tracing reveals an embryonic Six2+ osteoprogenitor population that contributes to the postnatal suture mesenchyme, with these progenitors being preferentially affected in a Twist1+/-; Tcf12+/- mouse model of Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome. This single-cell atlas provides a resource for understanding the development of the coronal suture and the mechanisms for its loss in craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Juan T Farmer
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hana Mlcochova
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Yan Zhou
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nils Koelling
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Ashley
- Single cell facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Helena Bugacov
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hung-Jhen Chen
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Riana Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kuo-Chang Tseng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Robert E Maxson
- Department of Biochemistry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - J Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Stephen R F Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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45
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Cranial Suture Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Insights and Advances. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081129. [PMID: 34439795 PMCID: PMC8392244 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The cranial bones constitute the protective structures of the skull, which surround and protect the brain. Due to the limited repair capacity, the reconstruction and regeneration of skull defects are considered as an unmet clinical need and challenge. Previously, it has been proposed that the periosteum and dura mater provide reparative progenitors for cranial bones homeostasis and injury repair. In addition, it has also been speculated that the cranial mesenchymal stem cells reside in the perivascular niche of the diploe, namely, the soft spongy cancellous bone between the interior and exterior layers of cortical bone of the skull, which resembles the skeletal stem cells’ distribution pattern of the long bone within the bone marrow. Not until recent years have several studies unraveled and validated that the major mesenchymal stem cell population of the cranial region is primarily located within the suture mesenchyme of the skull, and hence, they are termed suture mesenchymal stem cells (SuSCs). Here, we summarized the characteristics of SuSCs, this newly discovered stem cell population of cranial bones, including the temporospatial distribution pattern, self-renewal, and multipotent properties, contribution to injury repair, as well as the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation of SuSCs.
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Menon S, Salhotra A, Shailendra S, Tevlin R, Ransom RC, Januszyk M, Chan CKF, Behr B, Wan DC, Longaker MT, Quarto N. Skeletal stem and progenitor cells maintain cranial suture patency and prevent craniosynostosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4640. [PMID: 34330896 PMCID: PMC8324898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranial sutures are major growth centers for the calvarial vault, and their premature fusion leads to a pathologic condition called craniosynostosis. This study investigates whether skeletal stem/progenitor cells are resident in the cranial sutures. Prospective isolation by FACS identifies this population with a significant difference in spatio-temporal representation between fusing versus patent sutures. Transcriptomic analysis highlights a distinct signature in cells derived from the physiological closing PF suture, and scRNA sequencing identifies transcriptional heterogeneity among sutures. Wnt-signaling activation increases skeletal stem/progenitor cells in sutures, whereas its inhibition decreases. Crossing Axin2LacZ/+ mouse, endowing enhanced Wnt activation, to a Twist1+/- mouse model of coronal craniosynostosis enriches skeletal stem/progenitor cells in sutures restoring patency. Co-transplantation of these cells with Wnt3a prevents resynostosis following suturectomy in Twist1+/- mice. Our study reveals that decrease and/or imbalance of skeletal stem/progenitor cells representation within sutures may underlie craniosynostosis. These findings have translational implications toward therapeutic approaches for craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Menon
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ankit Salhotra
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Siny Shailendra
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Tevlin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan C Ransom
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Januszyk
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charles K F Chan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy.
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Vogiatzi A, Baltsavia I, Dialynas E, Theodorou V, Zhou Y, Deligianni E, Iliopoulos I, Wilkie AOM, Twigg SRF, Mavrothalassitis G. Erf Affects Commitment and Differentiation of Osteoprogenitor Cells in Cranial Sutures via the Retinoic Acid Pathway. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0014921. [PMID: 33972395 PMCID: PMC8300784 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00149-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ETS2 repressor factor (ERF) haploinsufficiency causes late-onset craniosynostosis (CRS) (OMIM entry 600775; CRS4) in humans, while in mice Erf insufficiency also leads to a similar multisuture synostosis phenotype preceded by mildly reduced calvarium ossification. However, neither the cell types affected nor the effects per se have been identified so far. Here, we establish an ex vivo system for the expansion of suture-derived mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (sdMSCs) and analyze the role of Erf levels in their differentiation. Cellular data suggest that Erf insufficiency specifically decreases osteogenic differentiation of sdMSCs, resulting in the initially delayed mineralization of the calvarium. Transcriptome analysis indicates that Erf is required for efficient osteogenic lineage commitment of sdMSCs. Elevated retinoic acid catabolism due to increased levels of the cytochrome P450 superfamily member Cyp26b1 as a result of decreased Erf levels appears to be the underlying mechanism leading to defective differentiation. Exogenous addition of retinoic acid can rescue the osteogenic differentiation defect, suggesting that Erf affects cranial bone mineralization during skull development through retinoic acid gradient regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yan Zhou
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Andrew O. M. Wilkie
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. F. Twigg
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George Mavrothalassitis
- Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- IMBB, FORTH, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Yamaguchi H, Meyer MD, He L, Senavirathna L, Pan S, Komatsu Y. The molecular complex of ciliary and golgin protein is crucial for skull development. Development 2021; 148:270770. [PMID: 34128978 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Intramembranous ossification, which consists of direct conversion of mesenchymal cells to osteoblasts, is a characteristic process in skull development. One crucial role of these osteoblasts is to secrete collagen-containing bone matrix. However, it remains unclear how the dynamics of collagen trafficking is regulated during skull development. Here, we reveal the regulatory mechanisms of ciliary and golgin proteins required for intramembranous ossification. During normal skull formation, osteoblasts residing on the osteogenic front actively secreted collagen. Mass spectrometry and proteomic analysis determined endogenous binding between ciliary protein IFT20 and golgin protein GMAP210 in these osteoblasts. As seen in Ift20 mutant mice, disruption of neural crest-specific GMAP210 in mice caused osteopenia-like phenotypes due to dysfunctional collagen trafficking. Mice lacking both IFT20 and GMAP210 displayed more severe skull defects compared with either IFT20 or GMAP210 mutants. These results demonstrate that the molecular complex of IFT20 and GMAP210 is essential for the intramembranous ossification during skull development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew D Meyer
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lakmini Senavirathna
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sheng Pan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Graduate Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Swider P, Delanoë F, Jalbert F, Boetto S, Assemat P, Estivalèzes E, Lauwers F. Mechanical properties of fused sagittal sutures in scaphocephaly. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2021; 86:105369. [PMID: 34000627 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniosynostosis in newborns is caused by the premature closure of the cranial sutures leading to cranial vault deformity. It results in aesthetic imbalance and developmental disabilities and surgery is frequent during the first months of growth. Our study focused on scaphocephaly defined as the premature closure of the sagittal suture. We hypothesised that the effective mechanical properties of sutures were altered as compared to those of the parietal adjacent tissue considered as control. METHODS The population consisted of seven males and four females (mean age 4.9 months). Sixteen suture samples and thirty-four parietal tissue samples were harvested during corrective surgery and investigated by using three-point bending tests to obtain the structure-stiffness of specimens. An energy model was used to derive the effective Young's modulus. A histological study complemented the experimental protocol. FINDINGS Fused sutures were thicker than adjacent bone and the natural curvature of sutures did not influence the static mechanical response. The stiffness of stenotic sutures was significantly higher than that of the parietal bone. The effective Young's modulus of stenotic sutures was significantly lower than that of the parietal adjacent tissue. The parietal tissue showed a parallel bone architecture whereas the central stenotic tissue was disorganised with more vascularisation. INTERPRETATION The stenotic suture differed in structural and mechanical terms from the adjacent bone during calvarial growth in the first year of life. Our study emphasised the alteration of effective tissue properties in craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Swider
- IMFT UMR 5502, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France.
| | - F Delanoë
- Maxillo-facial Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - F Jalbert
- Maxillo-facial Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - S Boetto
- Neuro-surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - P Assemat
- IMFT UMR 5502, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - E Estivalèzes
- IMFT UMR 5502, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - F Lauwers
- Maxillo-facial Surgery Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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Cross C, Khonsari RH, Galiay L, Patermoster G, Johnson D, Ventikos Y, Moazen M. Using Sensitivity Analysis to Develop a Validated Computational Model of Post-operative Calvarial Growth in Sagittal Craniosynostosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:621249. [PMID: 34124030 PMCID: PMC8187911 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.621249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more sutures across the calvaria, resulting in morphological and health complications that require invasive corrective surgery. Finite element (FE) method is a powerful tool that can aid with preoperative planning and post-operative predictions of craniosynostosis outcomes. However, input factors can influence the prediction of skull growth and the pressure on the growing brain using this approach. Therefore, the aim of this study was to carry out a series of sensitivity studies to understand the effect of various input parameters on predicting the skull morphology of a sagittal synostosis patient post-operatively. Preoperative CT images of a 4-month old patient were used to develop a 3D model of the skull, in which calvarial bones, sutures, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain were segmented. Calvarial reconstructive surgery was virtually modeled and two intracranial content scenarios labeled “CSF present” and “CSF absent,” were then developed. FE method was used to predict the calvarial morphology up to 76 months of age with intracranial volume-bone contact parameters being established across the models. Sensitivity tests with regards to the choice of material properties, methods of simulating bone formation and the rate of bone formation across the sutures were undertaken. Results were compared to the in vivo data from the same patient. Sensitivity tests to the choice of various material properties highlighted that the defined elastic modulus for the craniotomies appears to have the greatest influence on the predicted overall skull morphology. The bone formation modeling approach across the sutures/craniotomies had a considerable impact on the level of contact pressure across the brain with minimum impact on the overall predicated morphology of the skull. Including the effect of CSF (based on the approach adopted here) displayed only a slight reduction in brain pressure outcomes. The sensitivity tests performed in this study set the foundation for future comparative studies using FE method to compare outcomes of different reconstruction techniques for the management of craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Cross
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roman H Khonsari
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Plastique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Leila Galiay
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Plastique, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Patermoster
- Department of Neurosurgery, Craniofacial 16 Surgery Unit, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de 17 Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Johnson
- Oxford Craniofacial Unit, Oxford University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiannis Ventikos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mehran Moazen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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