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McVey Neufeld SF, MacGowan TL, Schmidt LA. Siblings at home: Moderating influence of sibling presence and composition on the relation between problem behaviors and Theory of Mind in early childhood. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 247:106028. [PMID: 39178561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of internalizing and externalizing difficulties in children, the impact of these problem behaviors on the development of important social cognitive skills, such as Theory of Mind (ToM), is not well-understood. Indeed, many studies that have explored relations between problem behaviors and ToM report inconsistent findings. A possible reason for these disparities may be a lack of accounting for social protective factors within the home, such as the presence and number of siblings. Here, we explored the moderating influence of sibling presence and number on the relation between problem behaviors (i.e., internalizing and externalizing) and ToM. A total of 184 children (88 boys; Mage = 64.6 months, SD = 10.39) completed six well-validated ToM tasks while mothers reported on their children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Children who had siblings living in the same home exhibited higher ToM than children without siblings. In addition, both sibling presence and number of siblings moderated the relation between children's externalizing behaviors and ToM, such that in children without siblings externalizing behaviors were negatively associated with ToM. In contrast, children with siblings had similar ToM regardless of externalizing behaviors. As well, children with relatively fewer siblings and higher externalizing behaviors displayed lower ToM than children with relatively more siblings and higher externalizing behaviors. We did not detect a moderating effect of sibling presence or number on the relation between internalizing behaviors and ToM. These findings provide support for siblings' protective utility within the context of children's social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie F McVey Neufeld
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Taigan L MacGowan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
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2
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Thomas E, Juliano A, Owens M, Cupertino RB, Mackey S, Hermosillo R, Miranda-Dominguez O, Conan G, Ahmed M, Fair DA, Graham AM, Goode NJ, Kandjoze UP, Potter A, Garavan H, Albaugh MD. Amygdala connectivity is associated with withdrawn/depressed behavior in a large sample of children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 344:111877. [PMID: 39232266 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Many psychopathologies tied to internalizing symptomatology emerge during adolescence, therefore identifying neural markers of internalizing behavior in childhood may allow for early intervention. We utilized data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® to evaluate associations between cortico-amygdalar functional connectivity, polygenic risk for depression (PRSD), traumatic events experienced, internalizing behavior, and internalizing subscales: withdrawn/depressed behavior, somatic complaints, and anxious/depressed behaviors. Data from 6371 children (ages 9-11) were used to analyze amygdala resting-state fMRI connectivity to Gordon parcellation based whole-brain regions of interest (ROIs). Internalizing behaviors were measured using the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist. Linear mixed-effects models were used to identify patterns of cortico-amygdalar connectivity associated with internalizing behaviors. Results indicated left amygdala connections to auditory, frontoparietal network (FPN), and dorsal attention network (DAN) ROIs were significantly associated with withdrawn/depressed symptomatology. Connections relevant for withdrawn/depressed behavior were linked to social behaviors. Specifically, amygdala connections to DAN were associated with social anxiety, social impairment, and social problems. Additionally, an amygdala connection to the FPN ROI and the auditory network ROI was associated with social anxiety and social problems, respectively. Therefore, it may be important to account for social behaviors when looking for brain correlates of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington, VT, 05401, USA; Department of Psychology, Earlham College, 801 W National Rd, Richmond, IN 47374, USA.
| | - Anthony Juliano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Max Owens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Renata B Cupertino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Robert Hermosillo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, 2025 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55313, USA
| | - Oscar Miranda-Dominguez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, 2025 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55313, USA
| | - Greg Conan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, 2025 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55313, USA
| | - Moosa Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, 2025 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55313, USA
| | - Damien A Fair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, 2025 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55313, USA
| | - Alice M Graham
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nicholas J Goode
- Department of Psychology, Earlham College, 801 W National Rd, Richmond, IN 47374, USA
| | - Uapingena P Kandjoze
- Department of Psychology, Earlham College, 801 W National Rd, Richmond, IN 47374, USA
| | - Alexi Potter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Matthew D Albaugh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, 111 Colchester Avenue Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
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3
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Valente KD, Reilly C, Carvalho RM, Smith ML, Mula M, Wirrell EC, Wilmshurst JM, Jetté N, Brigo F, Kariuki SM, Fong CY, Wang YP, Polanczyk GV, Castanho V, Demarchi IG, Auvin S, Kerr M. Consensus-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with epilepsy: A report from the Psychiatric Pediatric Issues Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 2024. [PMID: 39320421 DOI: 10.1111/epi.18116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
The Psychiatric Pediatric Issues Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) aimed to develop recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with epilepsy. The Task Force conducted a systematic review and identified two studies that assessed the accuracy of four screening measures for depression and anxiety symptoms compared with a psychiatric interview. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria for treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders or symptoms. The risk of bias and certainty of evidence were assessed. The evidence generated by this review followed by consensus where evidence was missing generated 47 recommendations. Those with a high level of agreement (≥80%) are summarized. Diagnosis: (1) Universal screening for anxiety and depression is recommended. Closer surveillance is recommended for children after 12 years, at higher risk (e.g., suicide-related behavior), with subthreshold symptoms, and experiencing seizure worsening or therapeutic modifications. (2) Multiple sources of ascertainment and a formal screening are recommended. Clinical interviews are recommended whenever possible. The healthcare provider must always explain that symptom recognition is essential to optimize treatment outcomes and reduce morbidity. (3) Questioning about the relationship between symptoms of anxiety or depression with seizure worsening/control and behavioral adverse effects of antiseizure medications is recommended. Treatment: (1) An individualized treatment plan is recommended. (2) For mild depression, active monitoring must be considered. (3) Referral to a mental health care provider must be considered for moderate to severe depression and anxiety. (4) Clinical care pathways must be developed. (5) Psychosocial interventions must be tailored and age-appropriate. (6) Healthcare providers must monitor children with epilepsy who are prescribed antidepressants, considering symptoms and functioning that may not improve simultaneously. (7) Caregiver education is essential to ensure treatment adherence. (8) A shared-care model involving all healthcare providers is recommended for children and adolescents with epilepsy and mental health disorders. We identified clinical decisions in the management of depression and anxiety that lack solid evidence and provide consensus-based guidance to address the care of children and adolescents with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kette D Valente
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation-LIM 21-Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Colin Reilly
- Research Department, Young Epilepsy, Lingfield, Surrey, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rachel M Carvalho
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Mula
- IMBE, St George's University of London and Atkinson Morley Regional Neuroscience Centre, St George's University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elaine C Wirrell
- Divisions of Child and Adolescent Neurology and Epilepsy, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jo M Wilmshurst
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nathalie Jetté
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Francesco Brigo
- Innovation, Research and Teaching Service (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Symon M Kariuki
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Choong Yi Fong
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuan-Pang Wang
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Stéphane Auvin
- Université Paris-Cité, INSERM NeuroDiderot, Paris, France
- APHP, Robert Debré University Hospital, Pediatric Neurology Department, ERN EpiCARE Member, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Mike Kerr
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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4
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Arya B, Patrick M, Pei H, Law E, Broekman B, Chen H, Chan Hiu Gwan M, Yap F, Yung Seng L, Tan KH, Yap-Seng C, Qiu A, Fortier MV, Gluckman P, Meaney M, Tan AP, Rifkin-Graboi A. Toddler disorganized attachment in relation to cortical thickness and socioemotional problems in late childhood. Attach Hum Dev 2024:1-21. [PMID: 39316717 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2024.2404591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Disorganized attachment is a risk for mental health problems, with increasing work focused on understanding biological mechanisms. Examining late childhood brain morphology may be informative - this stage coincides with the onset of many mental health problems. Past late childhood research reveals promising candidates, including frontal lobe cortical thickness and hippocampal volume. However, work has been limited to Western samples and has not investigated mediation or moderation by brain morphology. Furthermore, past cortical thickness research included only 33 participants. The current study utilized data from 166 children from the GUSTO Asian cohort, who participated in strange situations at 18 months and MRI brain imaging at 10.5 years, with 124 administered the Child Behaviour Checklist at 10.5 years. Results demonstrated disorganization liked to internalizing problems, but no mediation or moderation by brain morphology. The association to internalizing (but not externalizing) problems is discussed with reference to the comparatively higher prevalence of internalizing problems in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Arya
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Madeline Patrick
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Huang Pei
- Translational Neuroscience, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Evelyn Law
- Translational Neuroscience, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Birit Broekman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Fabian Yap
- Endocrinology Service, Division of Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lee Yung Seng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chong Yap-Seng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marielle Valerie Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Radiology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Meaney
- Translational Neuroscience, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University and Douglas Mental Health University Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Brain - Body Initiative, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore
| | - Ai Peng Tan
- Translational Neuroscience, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Brain - Body Initiative, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Rifkin-Graboi
- Centre for Research in Child Development, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Science of Learning in Education Centre, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Learning Sciences and Assessment, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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5
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Huang C, Yang Y, Lu C, Qin P, Jiang W, Ma J, Guo L. Associations of 24-hour movement behaviors with emotional and behavioral problems among Chinese adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02712-3. [PMID: 38963547 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of adherence to the recommendations for 24-hour movement behaviors (24-HMB), including physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and sleep duration (SLP), in relation to emotional and behavioral problems in Chinese adolescents remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate these associations and explore potential sex differences. METHODS This school-based cross-sectional study included 15,071 Chinese adolescents with a mean age of 14.53 (SD: 1.65) years. Data on emotional and behavioral problems and 24-HMB (including PA, ST, and SLP) were collected. Analysis was performed using general linear mixed models, with additional sex-stratified analyses conducted. RESULTS The number of 24-HMB recommendations met was negatively associated with total difficulties (β estimate=-0.96, 95% CI: -1.07 to -0.85) and positively related to prosocial behavior (β estimate = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.46) among adolescents. Compared with none of the recommendations met, meeting all recommendations (total difficulties: β estimate=-2.98, 95% CI: -3.41 to -2.55; prosocial behaviors: β estimate = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.87 to 1.24) demonstrated the strongest association with both difficulties and prosocial behaviors, followed by meeting recommendations for PA + ST (total difficulties: β estimate=-2.15, 95% CI: -2.41 to -1.90; prosocial behaviors: β estimate = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.87 to 1.09). These associations were consistently significant in both boys and girls. CONCLUSION Adherence to more 24-HMB recommendations, particularly meeting all recommendations or combined PA + ST recommendations, could improve emotional and behavioral well-being among adolescent girls and boys. The significance of balanced movement behaviors for promoting adolescent mental health merits increased attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Huang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Pei Qin
- Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Number 7, Gongye 7 Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518067, China
| | - Weiqing Jiang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianping Ma
- Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Number 7, Gongye 7 Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518067, China.
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Sun Yat-sen University, Number 74. Zhongshan 2 Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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Maggioni E, Pigoni A, Fontana E, Delvecchio G, Bonivento C, Bianchi V, Mauri M, Bellina M, Girometti R, Agarwal N, Nobile M, Brambilla P. Right frontal cingulate cortex mediates the effect of prenatal complications on youth internalizing behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:2074-2083. [PMID: 38378927 PMCID: PMC11408263 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal and perinatal complications represent well-known risk factors for the future development of psychiatric disorders. Such influence might become manifested during childhood and adolescence, as key periods for brain and behavioral changes. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescence have been associated with the risk of psychiatric onset later in life. Both brain morphology and behavior seem to be affected by obstetric complications, but a clear link among these three aspects is missing. Here, we aimed at analyzing the association between prenatal and perinatal complications, behavioral issues, and brain volumes in a group of children and adolescents. Eighty-two children and adolescents with emotional-behavioral problems underwent clinical and 3 T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments. The former included information on behavior, through the Child Behavior Checklist/6-18 (CBCL/6-18), and on the occurrence of obstetric complications. The relationships between clinical and gray matter volume (GMV) measures were investigated through multiple generalized linear models and mediation models. We found a mutual link between prenatal complications, GMV alterations in the frontal gyrus, and withdrawn problems. Specifically, complications during pregnancy were associated with higher CBCL/6-18 withdrawn scores and GMV reductions in the right superior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex. Finally, a mediation effect of these GMV measures on the association between prenatal complications and the withdrawn dimension was identified. Our findings suggest a key role of obstetric complications in affecting brain structure and behavior. For the first time, a mediator role of frontal GMV in the relationship between prenatal complications and internalizing symptoms was suggested. Once replicated on independent cohorts, this evidence will have relevant implications for planning preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pigoni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Social and Affective Neuroscience Group, MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy
| | - Elisa Fontana
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Bianchi
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Maddalena Mauri
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Monica Bellina
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Rossano Girometti
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- University Hospital S. Maria Della Misericordia, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Nivedita Agarwal
- Neuroimaging Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS "Eugenio Medea", Bosisio Parini (Lc), Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Frigoletto OA, Byrd AL, Vine V, Vanwoerden S, Zalewski M, Stepp SD. Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Among At-Risk Preschoolers: The Mediating Role of Maternal Invalidation. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:841-850. [PMID: 36227388 PMCID: PMC10097831 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Children of parents with emotion regulation (ER) difficulties may be at heightened risk for internalizing and externalizing problems, and maternal invalidation may explain this association. The current study used a cross-informant design to test the indirect effect of clinician-rated maternal ER difficulties on teacher-reported internalizing and externalizing problems through maternal invalidation. This risk pathway was tested in two groups of preschoolers: children of mothers with ER difficulties and children of mothers without ER difficulties (healthy controls; HC). Participants were 85 mothers (Mage =33.30 years; 36% racial/ethnic minoritized status) and their children (Mage =4234 months; 47% racial/ethnic minoritized status). Maternal ER difficulties had a significant indirect effect on child internalizing problems and externalizing problems, specifically aggressive behavior, through maternal invalidation. Specifically, mothers with ER difficulties reported more maternal invalidation, and their children exhibited more internalizing problems and aggressive behavior in a preschool/daycare setting, pointing to multiple avenues for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia A Frigoletto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Amy L Byrd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States.
| | - Vera Vine
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salome Vanwoerden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Maureen Zalewski
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States
| | - Stephanie D Stepp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
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8
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Lima Santos JP, Kontos AP, Holland CL, Suss SJ, Stiffler RS, Bitzer HB, Colorito AT, Shaffer M, Skeba A, Iyengar S, Manelis A, Brent D, Shirtcliff EA, Ladouceur CD, Phillips ML, Collins MW, Versace A. The Role of Puberty and Sex on Brain Structure in Adolescents With Anxiety Following Concussion. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:285-297. [PMID: 36517369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence represents a window of vulnerability for developing psychological symptoms following concussion, especially in girls. Concussion-related lesions in emotion regulation circuits may help explain these symptoms. However, the contribution of sex and pubertal maturation remains unclear. Using the neurite density index (NDI) in emotion regulation tracts (left/right cingulum bundle [CB], forceps minor [FMIN], and left/right uncinate fasciculus), we sought to elucidate these relationships. METHODS No adolescent had a history of anxiety and/or depression. The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders and Children's Depression Rating Scale were used at scan to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms in 55 concussed adolescents (41.8% girls) and 50 control adolescents with no current/history of concussion (44% girls). We evaluated if a mediation-moderation model including the NDI (mediation) and sex or pubertal status (moderation) could help explain this relationship. RESULTS Relative to control adolescents, concussed adolescents showed higher anxiety (p = .003) and lower NDI, with those at more advanced pubertal maturation showing greater abnormalities in 4 clusters: the left CB frontal (p = .002), right CB frontal (p = .011), FMIN left-sided (p = .003), and FMIN right-sided (p = .003). Across all concussed adolescents, lower NDI in the left CB frontal and FMIN left-sided clusters partially mediated the association between concussion and anxiety, with the CB being specific to female adolescents. These effects did not explain depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that lower NDI in the CB and FMIN may help explain anxiety following concussion and that adolescents at more advanced (vs less advanced) status of pubertal maturation may be more vulnerable to concussion-related injuries, especially in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Lima Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony P Kontos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia L Holland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen J Suss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Richelle S Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah B Bitzer
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Adam T Colorito
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Madelyn Shaffer
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Alexander Skeba
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Manelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth A Shirtcliff
- Center for Translational Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael W Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amelia Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Radiology, Magnetic Resonance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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9
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Prino LE, Arace A, Zonca P, Agostini P, Scarzello D. Preschool Emotional Problems in the Post-Pandemic Era between Parental Risk and Protective Factors. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2862. [PMID: 37958006 PMCID: PMC10647701 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The psychosocial adaptation of children born or experiencing their early years during the COVID-19 pandemic remains uncertain. In order to implement prevention strategies, it is, therefore, a priority to deeply analyze children's mental health in this post-pandemic phase and to identify family risk and protective factors. Indeed, recent studies reveal that children's emotional distress increased with the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in situations of high parental stress. The study investigates associations between some parental characteristics (coping strategies, parental burnout, resilience, perception of social support, and promotion of children's social-emotional competence) and children's emotional symptoms, considering gender differences. A total of 358 parents of children aged 2 to 6 years participated in this study. Regression analyses show that parental burnout is a predictor of emotional symptoms; moreover, for females, higher levels of emotional symptoms are associated with parental maladaptive coping strategies, whereas for males, the parent's ability to promote children's emotional competence is a protective factor. Results emphasize the importance of supporting parental well-being as a critical factor in shielding children from the repercussions of adverse situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Elvira Prino
- Department of Philosophy and Education Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (A.A.); (P.Z.); (P.A.); (D.S.)
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10
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Racine N, Deneault AA, Thiemann R, Turgeon J, Zhu J, Cooke J, Madigan S. Intergenerational transmission of parent adverse childhood experiences to child outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023:106479. [PMID: 37821290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current meta-analytic review provides a comprehensive synthesis of studies examining parent exposure to ACEs and the developmental and mental health outcomes of their children. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Eligible studies up to August 2021 were identified through comprehensive database searches in PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Embase. Studies that were included examined the intergenerational effects of parent ACEs on child development (i.e., cognitive, language, motor, social difficulties, and early social-emotional development) or mental health (i.e., internalizing problems, externalizing problems) outcomes. METHODS Data were extracted by two coders using a standardized extraction protocol. A multi-level meta-analytic approach was used to derive pooled effect sizes and test for moderators. RESULTS A total of 52 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Parent ACEs were positively associated with child mental health problems (r=0.17, 95% CI [0.12, 0.21], p<.001), child externalizing difficulties (r=0.20, 95% CI [0.15, 0.26], p<.001), and child internalizing difficulties (r=0.17, 95% CI [0.11, 0.22], p<.001). There were no significant sociodemographic (i.e., child age, parent age, income level, child sex, or racial/ethnic minority status) or methodological (i.e., study type or quality) moderators of these associations. Preliminary evidence suggests that parent ACEs were not associated with offspring developmental outcomes, such as cognitive or language skills. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that parent ACEs are associated with some, but not all child outcomes. Additional research focused on the mechanisms of transmission are needed to inform policies and practices related to the intergenerational transmission of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Racine
- University of Ottawa, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Audrey-Ann Deneault
- University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Jessica Turgeon
- University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Sheri Madigan
- University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Janus M, Ryan J, Pottruff M, Reid-Westoby C, Brownell M, Bennett T, Birken CS, Duku E, Ferro MA, Forer B, Georgiades S, Gorter JW, Guhn M, Maguire J, Manson H, Pei J, Santos R, Coplan RJ. Population-Based Teacher-Rated Assessment of Anxiety Among Canadian Kindergarten Children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:1309-1320. [PMID: 35244815 PMCID: PMC8894824 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite anxiety being a prevalent mental health problem in children, little data exist on the pervasiveness and levels of anxiety symptoms in kindergarteners. Data from the Early Development Instrument, a teacher-completed, population-level measure of child development, were collected across Canada from 2004 to 2015. The final analytic sample consisted of 974,319 children of whom 2.6% were classified as "highly anxious". Compared to children who exhibited "few to none" anxious behaviors, highly anxious children were more likely to be male, have English/French as a second language, and have a special needs designation. Furthermore, compared with their less anxious peers, highly anxious children had between 3.5 and 6.1 higher odds of scoring below the 10th percentile cut-off in physical, social, language/cognitive and communication domains. Our findings suggest that anxious behaviors are related to children's overall health and illustrate the consistency and extensiveness of anxiety at a very young age among Canadian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Janus
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, BAHT 132, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Julia Ryan
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Molly Pottruff
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, BAHT 132, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Caroline Reid-Westoby
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, BAHT 132, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Marni Brownell
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Teresa Bennett
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, BAHT 132, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Duku
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, BAHT 132, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mark A Ferro
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Barry Forer
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neuroscience, McMaster University, BAHT 132, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jan Willem Gorter
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Guhn
- Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathon Maguire
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline Pei
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rob Santos
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robert J Coplan
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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12
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Zeevi-Cousin A, Lavenda O. The Mediating Role of Parenting Style in the Relationship between Parents' Openness to Different Ways of Thinking and Child Anxiety. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1564. [PMID: 37761525 PMCID: PMC10528896 DOI: 10.3390/children10091564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The quality of parent-child relationships plays a significant role in the development of child anxiety, especially regarding aspects of parental control, intrusive behavior, and a lack of warmth. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of these parenting behaviors that are associated with the risk of child anxiety have yet to be revealed. The present study aims to examine the contribution of a cognitive aspect of parenting, i.e., openness to different ways of thinking, to the development of child anxiety through its impact on parenting style. A sample of 300 Israeli parents (72% women) over the age of 18 (M = 38.8, SD = 6.2), with at least one child over the age of 6 (M = 13.3, SD = 5.5 of oldest child), was recruited through social media platforms. Participants provided demographic information and filled out self-reported questionnaires dealing with child anxiety (using the Child Behavior Checklist), openness to different ways of thinking (using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index), and parenting style (using the Parental Behavior Inventory). The analysis confirmed the mediation role of hostile/coercive parenting style in the association between parental openness to different ways of thinking and child anxiety. However, the association between supportive/engaged parenting and child anxiety was non-significant. Apparently, openness to different ways of thinking allows for parents to consolidate parenting that does not resort to coercive and hostile behaviors, control, obedience, and severe strictness. As a result, the child develops self-regulation and coping mechanisms that reduce the risk for developing anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osnat Lavenda
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
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13
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Semeniuk D, Boerner KE, Brain U, Ryan D, Oberlander TF. The Role of Parenting Stress as a Mediator in the Relationship Between Postpartum Depressive Symptoms and Early Childhood Internalizing Behaviour. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01596-9. [PMID: 37682359 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Parenting stress occurs when demands of the parenting role are perceived as overwhelming and has been proposed as a mechanism through which postpartum mood disturbances may impact child psychopathology. In a prospective longitudinal birth cohort of 111 birthing parent-child dyads, this study examined whether the relationship between birthing parents' mood symptoms in infancy (3 months postpartum) and their child's internalizing behaviour in early childhood (3 and 6 years old) is mediated by parenting stress at 6 months postpartum. The relationship between higher postpartum mood symptoms at 3 months and increased internalizing behaviour at 3 years of age was mediated by increased reports of parenting stress at 6 months (b = .12, 95% CI = .02, .25). This association was not evident at 6 years. Parenting stress in early infancy may provide a treatment target to reduce the impact of perinatal depression on early child behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Semeniuk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- BC Children's Hospital, P4 Healthy Minds Centre, 4500 Oak St, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada.
| | - Katelynn E Boerner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ursula Brain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Deirdre Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Reproductive Mental Health Program, BC Children's and Women's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tim F Oberlander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Public and Population Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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14
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Schniering CA, Forbes MK, Rapee RM, Wuthrich VM, Queen AH, Ehrenreich-May J. Assessing Functional Impairment in Youth: Development of the Adolescent Life Interference Scale for Internalizing Symptoms (ALIS-I). Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:508-519. [PMID: 34655359 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study described the psychometric properties of a self-report measure of functional impairment related to anxiety and depression in adolescents, the Adolescent Life Interference Scale for Internalizing symptoms (ALIS-I). A clinical sample of 266 adolescents and a community sample of 63 adolescents, aged 11 to 18 years (Mean = 14.7, SD = 1.71) completed the ALIS-I and additional measures assessing internalizing problems. Exploratory factor analyses indicated four distinct but correlated factors of life interference related to personal withdrawal/avoidance, peer problems, problems with study/work, and somatic symptoms. Reliability and retest reliability (8-12 weeks) of the total score were high and psychometric properties of the subscales were acceptable. The ALIS-I effectively discriminated between clinical and community control groups, and expected correlations were shown between ALIS-I subscales and other related symptom measures. The ALIS-I is a promising instrument for the assessment of functional impairment related to internalizing disorders in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Schniering
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia. .,Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA.
| | - Miriam K Forbes
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Viviana M Wuthrich
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Alexander H Queen
- Department of Psychology, Tufts University, 490 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Jill Ehrenreich-May
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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15
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Ladouceur CD, Henry T, Ojha A, Shirtcliff EA, Silk JS. Fronto-amygdala resting state functional connectivity is associated with anxiety symptoms among adolescent girls more advanced in pubertal maturation. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101236. [PMID: 36996571 PMCID: PMC10063408 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Early adolescence, with the onset of puberty, is an important period when sex differences in anxiety emerge, with girls reporting significantly higher anxiety symptoms than boys. This study examined the role of puberty on fronto-amygdala functional connectivity and risk of anxiety symptoms in 70 girls (age 11-13) who completed a resting state fMRI scan, self-report measures of anxiety symptoms and pubertal status, and provided basal testosterone levels (64 girls). Resting state fMRI data were preprocessed using fMRIPrep and connectivity indices were extracted from ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and amygdala regions-of-interest. We tested moderated mediation models and hypothesized that vmPFC-amygdala would mediate the relation between three indices of puberty (testosterone and adrenarcheal/gonadarcheal development) and anxiety, with puberty moderating the relation between connectivity and anxiety. Results showed a significant moderation effect of testosterone and adrenarcheal development in the right amygdala and a rostral/dorsal area of the vmPFC and of gonadarcheal development in the left amygdala and a medial area of the vmPFC on anxiety symptoms. Simple slope analyses showed that vmPFC-amygdala connectivity was negatively associated with anxiety only in girls more advanced in puberty suggesting that sensitivity to the effects of puberty on fronto-amygdala function could contribute to risk for anxiety disorders among adolescent girls.
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16
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The Origins of the Dark—Hyperactivity and Negative Peer Relationships, an Objectively Lower Sleep Efficiency, and a Longer Sleep Onset Latency at Age Five Were Associated with Callous-Unemotional Traits and Low Empathy at Age 14. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062248. [PMID: 36983253 PMCID: PMC10053498 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Within the spectrum of emotional competencies, callous-unemotional traits are socially discouraged, while empathy is considered a socially much more accepted emotional trait. This holds particularly true for adolescents, who are still building up their social and emotional competencies. The aims of the present study were two-fold: First, longitudinally, to identify traits of behavioral problems and objective sleep dimensions at the age of 5 years to predict callous-unemotional traits and empathy at the age of 14 years. Second, cross-sectionally, to associate callous-unemotional traits and empathy with current insomnia, stress, and mental toughness. Methods: Preschoolers at the age of 5 years were contacted nine years later at the age of 14 years. At 5 years, parents rated their children’s behavior (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ); in parallel, children underwent a one-night sleep-EEG assessment. At the age of 14 years, adolescents completed a series of questionnaires covering callous-unemotional traits, insomnia, empathy, stress, and mental toughness. Results: A total of 77 adolescents (38.1% females) took part in the present study. Longitudinally, higher scores for hyperactivity at age 5 significantly predicted higher callous-unemotional traits at age 14. A higher score for negative peer relationships at age 5 significantly predicted lower scores for cognitive empathy at age 14. Further, objective sleep-EEG measures showed that a higher sleep efficiency and a shorter sleep latency was associated with lower scores for callousness. Cross-sectionally, higher scores for callous-unemotional traits were associated with higher insomnia and stress, while lower insomnia was associated with higher empathy. Mental toughness was unrelated to callous-unemotional traits and empathy. Conclusions: It appears that hyperactivity traits and negative peer relationships and more unfavorable objective sleep patterns at 5 years predicted socially discouraged callous-unemotional traits and low empathy during adolescence. Further, cross-sectionally at the age of 14, callous-unemotional traits, subjective poor sleep, and higher stress were associated.
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17
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Monk NJ, McLeod GFH, Mulder RT, Spittlehouse JK, Boden JM. Childhood anxious/withdrawn behaviour and later anxiety disorder: a network outcome analysis of a population cohort. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1343-1354. [PMID: 34425926 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several previous studies have identified a continuity between childhood anxiety/withdrawal and anxiety disorder (AD) in later life. However, not all children with anxiety/withdrawal problems will experience an AD in later life. Previous studies have shown that the severity of childhood anxiety/withdrawal accounts for some of the variability in AD outcomes. However, no studies to date have investigated how variation in features of anxiety/withdrawal may relate to continuity prognoses. The present research addresses this gap. METHODS Data were gathered as part of the Christchurch Health and Development Study, a 40-year population birth cohort of 1265 children born in Christchurch, New Zealand. Fifteen childhood anxiety/withdrawal items were measured at 7-9 years and AD outcomes were measured at various interviews from 15 to 40 years. Six network models were estimated. Two models estimated the network structure of childhood anxiety/withdrawal items independently for males and females. Four models estimated childhood anxiety/withdrawal items predicting adolescent AD (14-21 years) and adult AD (21-40 years) in both males and females. RESULTS Approximately 40% of participants met the diagnostic criteria for an AD during both the adolescent (14-21 years) and adult (21-40 years) outcome periods. Outcome networks showed that items measuring social and emotional anxious/withdrawn behaviours most frequently predicted AD outcomes. Items measuring situation-based fears and authority figure-specific anxious/withdrawn behaviour did not consistently predict AD outcomes. This applied across both the male and female subsamples. CONCLUSIONS Social and emotional anxious/withdrawn behaviours in middle childhood appear to carry increased risk for AD outcomes in both adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Monk
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Geraldine F H McLeod
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Roger T Mulder
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Janet K Spittlehouse
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Joseph M Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Canterbury, New Zealand
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18
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Jarvers I, Kandsperger S, Schleicher D, Ando A, Resch F, Koenig J, Kaess M, Brunner R. The relationship between adolescents' externalizing and internalizing symptoms and brain development over a period of three years. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 36:103195. [PMID: 36137498 PMCID: PMC9668616 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a crucial period for both brain maturation and the emergence of mental health disorders. Associations between brain morphology and internalizing/externalizing symptomatology have been identified in clinical or at-risk samples, but age-related developmental differences were rarely considered. The current study investigated the longitudinal relationship between internalizing/externalizing symptoms and brain development in the absence of psychiatric disorders during early and late adolescence. METHODS 98 healthy adolescents within two cohorts (younger: 9 years, older: 12 years) participated in annual assessments for three years; a clinical assessment measuring their externalizing and internalizing symptoms (SDQ) and an MRI assessment measuring their brain volume and white matter microstructure, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and average path length. RESULTS Linear mixed effect models and cross-lagged panel models showed that larger subcortical gray matter volume predicted more externalizing symptoms in older adolescents whereas decreases of subcortical gray matter volume predicted more externalizing symptoms for younger adolescents. Additionally, longer average white matter path length predicted more externalizing symptoms for older adolescents, while decreases in cerebral white matter volume were predictive of more externalizing symptoms for younger adolescents. There were no predictive effects for internalizing symptoms, FA or MD. CONCLUSIONS Delays in subcortical brain maturation, in both early and late adolescence, are associated with increases in externalizing behavior which indicates a higher risk for psychopathology and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Jarvers
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany,Corresponding author at: Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 84, Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Kandsperger
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schleicher
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ayaka Ando
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franz Resch
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany
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19
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Giordano V, Stummer S, Lindtner C, Fuiko R, Berger A, Pichler K. Neonatal sepsis is associated with behavioral abnormalities in very low birthweight infants at preschool age. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:906379. [PMID: 35923781 PMCID: PMC9339780 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.906379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate neonatal sepsis as potential risk factor for adverse behavioral outcome in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) at preschool age. Regardless of improvements in the obstetric and neonatal intensive care, preterm infants are still at high risk for behavioral problems later in life. The spectrum, origin and potential risk factors of these behavioral problems have not been well-defined. METHODS In this retrospective observational study, the influence of culture-proven neonatal sepsis on the behavioral outcome of VLBWI born at a gestational age <32 weeks was analyzed at 5 years of age in a multivariable regression model. Behavior was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Neonatal morbidities, socioeconomic status and neurodevelopmental outcome served as covariates in the analysis. RESULTS 312 VLBWI entered the final analysis, of whom 11% had experienced neonatal sepsis. Neonatal sepsis appeared to be a relevant risk factor for both internalizing, i.e., emotional reactivity and anxiety/depression, as well as externalizing behavioral problems, i.e., oppositional and aggressive behavior in this cohort of VLBWI. Low socioeconomic status and male gender were additional statistically significant risk factors for both internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. No difference in neurocognitive development was observed between the groups. CONCLUSION The study supports the fact that VLBWI are vulnerable to multiple behavioral disorders independent of their cognitive development. In contrast to former assumptions, the results of the study emphasize that not only post-natal environment but also neonatal morbidities, especially neonatal sepsis, have an impact on behavioral outcome of VLBWI at preschool age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Giordano
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Stummer
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Lindtner
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Fuiko
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Pichler
- Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Center for Paediatrics (CCP), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Stinson EA, Sullivan RM, Peteet BJ, Tapert SF, Baker FC, Breslin FJ, Dick AS, Gonzalez MR, Guillaume M, Marshall AT, McCabe CJ, Pelham WE, Van Rinsveld AM, Sheth CS, Sowell ER, Wade NE, Wallace AL, Lisdahl KM. Longitudinal Impact of Childhood Adversity on Early Adolescent Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the ABCD Study® Cohort: Does Race or Ethnicity Moderate Findings? BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 1:324-335. [PMID: 34608463 PMCID: PMC8479935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, mental health among youth has been negatively affected. Youth with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), as well as youth from minoritized racial-ethnic backgrounds, may be especially vulnerable to experiencing COVID-19–related distress. The aims of this study are to examine whether exposure to pre-pandemic ACEs predicts mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in youth and whether racial-ethnic background moderates these effects. Methods From May to August 2020, 7983 youths (mean age, 12.5 years; range, 10.6–14.6 years) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study completed at least one of three online surveys measuring the impact of the pandemic on their mental health. Data were evaluated in relation to youths' pre-pandemic mental health and ACEs. Results Pre-pandemic ACE history significantly predicted poorer mental health across all outcomes and greater COVID-19–related stress and impact of fears on well-being. Youths reported improved mental health during the pandemic (from May to August 2020). While reporting similar levels of mental health, youths from minoritized racial-ethnic backgrounds had elevated COVID-19–related worry, stress, and impact on well-being. Race and ethnicity generally did not moderate ACE effects. Older youths, girls, and those with greater pre-pandemic internalizing symptoms also reported greater mental health symptoms. Conclusions Youths who experienced greater childhood adversity reported greater negative affect and COVID-19–related distress during the pandemic. Although they reported generally better mood, Asian American, Black, and multiracial youths reported greater COVID-19–related distress and experienced COVID-19–related discrimination compared with non-Hispanic White youths, highlighting potential health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Stinson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Ryan M Sullivan
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | | | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025
| | | | - Anthony S Dick
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199
| | | | - Mathieu Guillaume
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Andrew T Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Connor J McCabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - William E Pelham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Chandni S Sheth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
| | - Elizabeth R Sowell
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027
| | - Natasha E Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alexander L Wallace
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201
| | - Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201
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21
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Quiñones-Camacho LE, Hoyniak CP, Wakschlag LS, Perlman SB. Getting in synch: Unpacking the role of parent-child synchrony in the development of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1-13. [PMID: 34521492 PMCID: PMC8920952 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
While substantial research supports the role of parent-child interactions on the emergence of psychiatric symptoms, few studies have explored biological mechanisms for this association. The current study explored behavioral and neural parent-child synchronization during frustration and play as predictors of internalizing and externalizing behaviors across a span of 1.5 years. Parent-child dyads first came to the laboratory when the child was 4-5 years old and completed the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule: Biological Synchrony (DB-DOS: BioSync) task while functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data were recorded. Parents reported on their child's internalizing and externalizing behaviors using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) four times over 1.5 years. Latent growth curve (LGC) modeling was conducted to assess neural and behavioral synchrony as predictors of internalizing and externalizing trajectories. Consistent with previous investigations in this age range, on average, internalizing and externalizing behaviors decreased over the four time points. Parent-child neural synchrony during a period of play predicted rate of change in internalizing but not externalizing behaviors such that higher parent-child neural synchrony was associated with a more rapid decrease in internalizing behaviors. Our results suggest that a parent-child dyad's ability to coordinate neural activation during positive interactions might serve as a protective mechanism in the context of internalizing behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline P. Hoyniak
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences
| | - Susan B. Perlman
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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22
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Pry R. Introduction. Les études de cohortes. ENFANCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3917/enf2.213.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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23
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Mulraney M, Coghill D, Bishop C, Mehmed Y, Sciberras E, Sawyer M, Efron D, Hiscock H. A systematic review of the persistence of childhood mental health problems into adulthood. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:182-205. [PMID: 34363845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many adult mental disorders have their origins in childhood yet our knowledge about this largely comes from studies assessing adults utilising retrospective recall of age of onset. In this systematic review we evaluate the current state of knowledge of how childhood exposure to mental health problems is associated with adult mental disorders using data from prospective longitudinal studies. We identified 40 studies that assessed mental health in childhood or adolescence and reassessed adults for mental disorders. Although there was substantial heterogeneity across studies in terms of methodology and findings, there was a clear pattern that experiencing mental health problems prior to 14 years of age increases risk of adult mental disorder. Importantly, elevated symptoms rather than diagnosis in childhood were generally more strongly associated with adult disorder. These findings provide strong support for the argument that prevention needs to be targeted to children in the primary school years and early intervention efforts to those who are beginning to experience elevated symptoms rather than waiting until a diagnosable disorder is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mulraney
- Institute for Social Neuroscience, ISN Innovations, Ivanhoe, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - David Coghill
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Caitlin Bishop
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Yasemin Mehmed
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Sawyer
- Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, SA, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Daryl Efron
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Harriet Hiscock
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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24
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Girard LC. Concomitant Trajectories of Internalising, Externalising, and Peer Problems Across Childhood: a Person-centered Approach. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1551-1565. [PMID: 34279766 PMCID: PMC8557151 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated trajectories of concomitant internalising, externalising, and peer problems, and associated risk factors for group-membership, using a person-centered approach to better understand heterogeneity in subgroups identified. A cohort of 7,507 children in Ireland was followed from infancy to late childhood (50.3%, males; 84.9% Irish). The parent-version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used when children were 3, 5, 7 and 9 years of age. Information on antecedent risk factors was collected when children were 9 months. Group-based multi-trajectory modelling and multinomial logistic regression were used. Six subgroups of children with distinct profiles were identified, evidencing both homotypic and heterotypic comorbidity. No support of a ‘pure’ internalising, externalising or peer problems group was found in any identified trajectory group. Difficulties in one problem domain indicated the presence of difficulty in another problem domain for all children in elevated groups. Risk factors associated with group-membership were complex, with only three common factors across elevated groups: prenatal exposure to smoking, maternal education, and maternal stress. Specific risk factors for group-membership included low birth weight, sex, maternal age, maternal depression, family composition, social class, medical card status and quality of attachment. Despite some overlap in predictors, the combination of predictors specific to each group would suggest tailored programming. For children with the most acute problems, programming targets should include families with boys, born with low birth weight, exposed to smoking prenatally, with mothers who have lower levels of education, postnatal depression, increased stress and fewer financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Christine Girard
- School of Health in Social Science, Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, South Bridge, Edinburg, EH8 9YL, UK.
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25
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Chae S, Hong J, Kang K, Shin A, Kim DG, Lee S, Kim MY, Jung I, Kim D. Molecular laterality encodes stress susceptibility in the medial prefrontal cortex. Mol Brain 2021; 14:92. [PMID: 34127022 PMCID: PMC8201740 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional lateralization of the prefrontal cortex has been implicated in stress and emotional disorders, yet underlying gene expression changes remains unknown. Here, we report molecular signatures lateralized by chronic social defeats between the two medial prefrontal cortices (mPFCs). Stressed mice show 526 asymmetrically expressed genes between the mPFCs. This cortical asymmetry selectively occurs in stressed mice with depressed social activity, but not in resilient mice with normal behavior. We have isolated highly asymmetric genes including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a molecule that modulates wound healing at the periphery. Knockdown of CTGF gene in the right mPFC by shRNA led to a stress-resistant behavioral phenotype. Overexpression of CTGF in the right mPFC using viral transduction induces social avoidance while the left mPFC thereof prevent stress-induced social avoidance. Our study provides a molecular window into the mechanism of stress-induced socioemotional disorders, which can pave the way for new interventions by targeting cortical asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Chae
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Jiso Hong
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Chungnam, 31116, Korea
| | - Anna Shin
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Dae-Gun Kim
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Sinjeong Lee
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Moo-Young Kim
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Behavioral Genetics Lab., Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea.
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea.
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26
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The social withdrawal and social anxiety feedback loop and the role of peer victimization and acceptance in the pathways. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 32:1402-1417. [PMID: 31668152 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Social withdrawal and social anxiety are believed to have a bidirectional influence on one another, but it is unknown if their relationship is bidirectional, especially within person, and if peer experiences influence this relationship. We investigated temporal sequencing and the strength of effects between social withdrawal and social anxiety, and the roles of peer victimization and acceptance in the pathways. Participants were 2,772 adolescents from the population-based and clinically referred cohorts of the Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey. Self- and parent-reported withdrawal, and self-reported social anxiety, peer victimization, and perceived peer acceptance were assessed at 11, 13, and 16 years. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to investigate within-person associations between these variables. There was no feedback loop between withdrawal and social anxiety. Social withdrawal did not predict social anxiety at any age. Social anxiety at 11 years predicted increased self-reported withdrawal at 13 years. Negative peer experiences predicted increased self- and parent-reported withdrawal at 13 years and increased parent-reported withdrawal at 16 years. In turn, self-reported withdrawal at 13 years predicted negative peer experiences at 16 years. In conclusion, adolescents became more withdrawn when they became more socially anxious or experienced greater peer problems, and increasing withdrawal predicted greater victimization and lower acceptance.
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27
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Early childhood internalizing problems, externalizing problems and their co-occurrence and (mal)adaptive functioning in emerging adulthood: a 16-year follow-up study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:193-206. [PMID: 32964254 PMCID: PMC7870752 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A vast amount of studies suggest that internalizing or externalizing problems are related to individual functioning, and often co-occur. Yet, a focus on their additive and interactive effects is scarce. Furthermore, most research has focused on a limited number of developmental domains and mostly on maladaptive functioning. Therefore, the current prospective study examined whether early childhood (ages 4-8) internalizing and externalizing problems and their interaction were related to a broad range of (mal)adaptive functioning outcomes in emerging adulthood (ages 20-24). METHODS Data from the Flemish Study on Parenting, Personality and Development were used. At Time 1 (1999) mothers of 374 children (45% boys) and fathers of 357 children (46% boys) rated internalizing and externalizing problems through the Child Behavior Checklist. Outcomes in emerging adulthood were measured through self-reports 16 years later across the following domains: psychological functioning, social functioning, work, physical health, and self-concept. RESULTS Early externalizing problems were related to maladaptive outcomes on the psychological and social domains. With regard to adaptive functioning, externalizing problems were associated with lower satisfaction regarding general health on the physical domain. Early internalizing problems were not associated with any emerging adulthood outcomes. The interaction of (father reported) internalizing and externalizing problems was related to aggressive behavior. CONCLUSION Early childhood externalizing problems were associated with maladaptive and adaptive functioning over a time span of 16 years. The results add to studies on the implementation of prevention and intervention programs in early childhood and to the value for developing personalized interventions.
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28
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Toumbourou JW, Williams I, Letcher P, Sanson A, Smart D. Developmental trajectories of internalising behaviour in the prediction of adolescent depressive symptoms. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9536.2011.00023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John W. Toumbourou
- Deakin University, School of Psychology, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong
| | - Ian Williams
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville
| | | | - Ann Sanson
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville
| | - Diana Smart
- Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Goodwin RD, Weinberger AH, Kim JH, Wu M, Galea S. Trends in anxiety among adults in the United States, 2008-2018: Rapid increases among young adults. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 130:441-446. [PMID: 32905958 PMCID: PMC7441973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In a time of global uncertainty, understanding the psychological health of the American public is imperative. There are no current data on anxiety trends among adults in the United States (US) over time. This study aimed to investigate prevalence of anxiety among US adults from 2008 to 2018. METHODS Data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), which is an annual, cross-sectional survey on substance use and mental health in the US, were analyzed in 2020. Prevalence of past-month anxiety was estimated among those ages ≥18, by survey year from 2008 to 2018. Time trends were tested using logistic regression. RESULTS Anxiety increased from 5.12% in 2008 to 6.68% in 2018 (p < 0.0001) among adult Americans. Stratification by age revealed the most notable increase from 7.97% to 14.66% among respondents 18-25 years old (p < 0.001), which was a more rapid increase than among 26-34 and 35-49 year olds (differential time trend p < 0.001). Anxiety did not significantly increase among those ages 50 and older. Anxiety increased more rapidly among those never married and with some college education, relative to their respective counterparts. Apart from age, marital status and education, anxiety increased consistently among sociodemographic groups. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety is increasing among adults under age 50 in the US, with more rapid increase among young adults. To prepare for a healthier adulthood and given direct and indirect (via 24/7 media) exposure to anxiety-provoking world events, prophylactic measures that can bolster healthy coping responses and/or treatment seeking seem warranted on a broad scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee D. Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Rm 1030D, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrea H. Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA,Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - June H. Kim
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melody Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Hayashi N, Ando S, Jinde S, Fujikawa S, Okada N, Toriyama R, Masaoka M, Sugiyama H, Shirakawa T, Yagi T, Morita M, Morishima R, Kiyono T, Yamasaki S, Nishida A, Kasai K. Social withdrawal and testosterone levels in early adolescent boys. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 116:104596. [PMID: 32276240 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Social withdrawal may lead to mental health problems and can have a large impact on a life course, particularly among boys. To support adolescents with social withdrawal, an integrative understanding of the biological bases would be helpful. Social dominance, a possible opposite of social withdrawal, is known to have positive associations with testosterone levels. A previous study suggested that social withdrawal has a negative relationship with sexual maturity among adolescent boys. However, the relationship between social withdrawal and testosterone in adolescence is unknown. This study aimed to examine whether social withdrawal was negatively associated with testosterone levels in early adolescent boys. Salivary samples were collected from 159 healthy early adolescent boys (mean age [standard deviation]: 11.5 [0.73]) selected from participants of the "population-neuroscience study of the Tokyo Teen Cohort" (pn-TTC). Social withdrawal and confounding factors, such as the secondary sexual characteristics and their age in months, were evaluated by self-administered questionnaires completed by the primary parents. The degree of social withdrawal was assessed with the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Levels of salivary testosterone, and cortisol as a control, were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between social withdrawal and testosterone levels. A higher risk of social withdrawal was associated with a lower salivary testosterone level after adjustment for age in months (odds ratio 0.55, 95 % confidence interval 0.33-0.94), and the association remained significant after adjusting for body mass index, the degree of anxiety/depression and pubertal stage. Thus, we found a negative relationship between social withdrawal and testosterone levels in early adolescent boys. These findings may help to clarify the biological foundations of and to develop support for social withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Hayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Seiichiro Jinde
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Shinya Fujikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Rie Toriyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Mio Masaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Integrated Educational Sciences, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Toru Shirakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Yagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Masaya Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Ryo Morishima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Kiyono
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Urbanus E, Swaab H, Tartaglia N, Cordeiro L, van Rijn S. The behavioral profile of children aged 1-5 years with sex chromosome trisomy (47,XXX, 47,XXY, 47,XYY). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 184:444-455. [PMID: 32432413 PMCID: PMC7384033 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Children with SCT have an increased risk of suboptimal neurodevelopment. Previous studies have shown an elevated risk for neurobehavioral problems in individuals with SCT. However, not much is known about neurobehavioral problems in very young children; knowledge that could help with early identification of children at risk for suboptimal development, and that could help establish targets for early intervention. This study addressed the question of what the behavioral profile of children with SCT aged 1–5 years looks like. In total, 182 children aged 1–5 years participated in this study (NSCT=87, Nnonclinical controls = 95). Recruitment and assessment took place in the Netherlands and the United States. The SCT group was recruited through prospective follow‐up (50%), information seeking parents (31%), and clinical referral (18%). Behavioral profiles were assessed with the child behavior checklist and the ages‐and‐stages social–emotional questionnaire. Levels of parent‐rated problem behavior were higher in children with SCT. Difficulties with overall social–emotional functioning were already present in 1‐year‐olds, and elevated scores were persistent across the full age range. Affective and pervasive developmental behaviors were seen in late toddlerhood and prominent at preschool age. Anxiety, attention deficit, and oppositional defiant behaviors were seen in preschool‐aged children. Within this cross‐sectional study, the developmental trajectory of affective, pervasive developmental, and oppositional defiant behaviors seemed to be different for SCT children than nonclinical controls. Collectively, these results demonstrate the importance of behavioral screening for behavioral problems in routine clinical care for children with SCT from a young age. Social–emotional problems may require special attention, as these problems seem most prominent, showing increased risk across the full age range, and with these problems occurring regardless of the timing of diagnosis, and across all three SCT karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Urbanus
- Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Swaab
- Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Tartaglia
- eXtraordinarY Kids Clinic, Developmental Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa Cordeiro
- eXtraordinarY Kids Clinic, Developmental Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sophie van Rijn
- Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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32
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Pinto R, Belsky J, Baptista J, Carvalho A, Cunha C, Soares I, Mesquita AR. Mothers' distress exposure and children's withdrawn behavior - A moderating role for the Interferon Gamma gene (IFNG). Dev Psychobiol 2020; 62:783-791. [PMID: 32072627 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The dysregulation of the inflammatory response, including pro-inflammatory molecules, produces neuropsychiatric symptoms and depression-like behavior, including withdrawal from the physical and social environment. Genetic variants that enhance immune reactivity may thus increase inflammatory and withdrawn reactions to stress. Here we investigated a functional polymorphism of Interferon Gamma gene (IFNG +874 T > A, rs2430561) as moderator of the relationship between mothers' distress exposure and children's withdrawn behavior at preschool age. Participants were 198 Portuguese preschool children (mean age = 57.98 months). Exposure to mother's distress was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory, and withdrawn behavior with the Caregiver Teacher Report Form. All children provided saliva samples for genotyping. Contrary to expecations based on prior work, the rs2430561 AA genotype-not the T variant-interacted with (high levels of) mothers' distress exposure, to increase children's withdrawn behavior. No significant main effects were detected. The polymorphism in Interferon Gamma gene showed specific environmental stressor-dependent effects on withdrawn behavior during childhood, ones which are interpreted in light of the "behavioral immune system" hypothesis, and which proved inconsistent with diathesis-stress thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pinto
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joana Baptista
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Isabel Soares
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana R Mesquita
- CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Nikolić M. Social emotions and social cognition in the development of social anxiety disorder. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2020.1722633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Nikolić
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Andre QR, Geeraert BL, Lebel C. Brain structure and internalizing and externalizing behavior in typically developing children and adolescents. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 225:1369-1378. [PMID: 31701264 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mental health problems often emerge in adolescence and are associated with reduced gray matter thickness or volume in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and limbic system and reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased mean diffusivity (MD) of white matter linking these regions. However, few studies have investigated whether internalizing and externalizing behavior are associated with brain structure in children and adolescents without mental health disorders, which is important for understanding the progression of symptoms. 67 T1-weighted and diffusion tensor imaging datasets were obtained from 48 typically developing participants aged 6-16 years (37M/30F; 19 participants had two visits). Volume was calculated in the prefrontal and limbic structures, and diffusion parameters were assessed in limbic white matter. Linear mixed effects models were used to compute associations between brain structure and internalizing and externalizing behavior, assessed using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC-2) Parent Rating Scale. Internalizing behavior was positively associated with MD of the bilateral cingulum. Gender interactions were found in the cingulum, with stronger positive relationships between MD and internalizing behavior in females. Externalizing behavior was negatively associated with FA of the left cingulum, and the left uncinate fasciculus showed an age-behavior interaction. No relationships between behavior and brain volumes survived multiple comparison correction. These results show altered limbic white matter FA and MD related to sub-clinical internalizing and externalizing behavior and further our understanding of neurological markers that may underlie risk for future mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn R Andre
- Medical Science Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bryce L Geeraert
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine Lebel
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Alberta Children's Hospital, 28 Oki Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.
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35
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de Lijster JM, van den Dries MA, van der Ende J, Utens EMWJ, Jaddoe VW, Dieleman GC, Hillegers MHJ, Tiemeier H, Legerstee JS. Developmental Trajectories of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms from Early to Middle Childhood: a Population-Based Cohort Study in the Netherlands. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:1785-1798. [PMID: 31069583 PMCID: PMC6805800 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-019-00550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developmental patterns of anxiety and depression symptoms in early childhood have previously been related to anxiety and mood disorders in middle childhood. In the current study, trajectories of anxiety and depression symptoms (1.5-10 years) were related to children's broader psychosocial and school-related functioning at 10 years. We included a population-based sample of 7499 children, for whom primary caregivers reported anxiety and depression symptoms on the Child Behavior Checklist, at children's ages of 1.5, 3, 6, and 10. Growth Mixture Modeling identified four distinct, gender-invariant, trajectories of anxiety and depression symptoms: low (82.4%), increasing (7.4%), decreasing (6.0%), and increasing symptoms up to age 6 followed by a decrease to age 10 (preschool-limited, 4.2%). Children with a non-Dutch ethnicity had lower odds to be in the increasing trajectory and higher odds to be in the decreasing and pre-school limited trajectory. Also, low maternal education predicted the decreasing and pre-school limited trajectory. Higher levels of psychopathology during pregnancy for both mothers and fathers predicted the increasing, decreasing, and preschool-limited trajectory, compared to the low trajectory. At age 10, children in the increasing and preschool-limited trajectory had diminished psychosocial outcomes (friendship-quality and self-esteem) and worse school-related outcomes (school performance and school problems). This study adds to current knowledge by demonstrating that developmental patterns of anxiety and depression symptoms in early childhood are related to broader negative outcomes in middle childhood. Child and family factors could guide monitoring of anxiety and depression symptoms in the general population and provide targets for prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn M de Lijster
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel A van den Dries
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Ende
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M W J Utens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Child Psychiatry the Bascule /Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwendolyn C Dieleman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeroen S Legerstee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC - Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2060, Wytemaweg 80, 3000, CB, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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36
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Huang T, Yue Y, Wang H, Zheng J, Chen Z, Chen T, Zhang M, Wang S. Infant Breastfeeding and Behavioral Disorders in School-Age Children. Breastfeed Med 2019; 14:115-120. [PMID: 30570349 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2018.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of breastfeeding on behavioral disorders of school-age children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Totally 1,979 children of 6-11 years old from three primary schools in Xiamen, China, were assessed and included for further analysis. The Pearson chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression model were used to analyze the effects of breastfeeding on internalizing behaviors such as depression, withdrawn, and somatic complaints, and externalizing behaviors such as aggression and rule-breaking behavior. RESULTS The Pearson chi-square test revealed that the percentages in internalizing behavioral problems (χ2 = 21.693, p < 0.001), depression (χ2 = 12.713, p = 0.002), and somatic complains (χ2 = 12.850, p = 0.002) were significantly lower with the decrease of the duration of breastfeeding. However, there were no statistically significant differences in externalizing behavioral problems. After adjusting the potential covariates, children who were breastfed for >6 months were significantly associated with the reduced risk of internalizing behavioral problems (Odds ratio = 0.446, 95%CI: 0.228-0.873) and depression (Odds ratio = 0.452, 95% CI: 0.225-0.906) compared with those who were never breastfed, whereas differences were not found in externalizing behavioral problems. CONCLUSION Increased duration of breastfeeding (≥6 months) could help lower internalizing behavioral problems, particularly depression, in school-age children. Breastfeeding with longer duration will play an important role to prevent and reduce children's internalizing behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Huang
- 1 Xiamen Mental Health Center (Xiamen Xianyue Hospital) , Xiamen, China
| | - Yihuan Yue
- 2 Children's Hospital of Fudan University Xiamen Branch (Xiamen Children's Hospital) , Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Wang
- 2 Children's Hospital of Fudan University Xiamen Branch (Xiamen Children's Hospital) , Xiamen, China
| | - Jianshan Zheng
- 2 Children's Hospital of Fudan University Xiamen Branch (Xiamen Children's Hospital) , Xiamen, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- 2 Children's Hospital of Fudan University Xiamen Branch (Xiamen Children's Hospital) , Xiamen, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- 2 Children's Hospital of Fudan University Xiamen Branch (Xiamen Children's Hospital) , Xiamen, China
| | - Min Zhang
- 2 Children's Hospital of Fudan University Xiamen Branch (Xiamen Children's Hospital) , Xiamen, China
| | - Shunqin Wang
- 2 Children's Hospital of Fudan University Xiamen Branch (Xiamen Children's Hospital) , Xiamen, China
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37
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D'Souza S, Waldie KE, Peterson ER, Underwood L, Morton SMB. Antenatal and Postnatal Determinants of Behavioural Difficulties in Early Childhood: Evidence from Growing Up in New Zealand. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2019; 50:45-60. [PMID: 29860616 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-018-0816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural difficulties during early childhood have significant implications for multiple outcomes later in life. Child behavioural difficulties at 2 years of age (N = 6246) were assessed by mothers enrolled in a longitudinal, population-based New Zealand cohort study. 10.1% of children had total difficulties scores in the abnormal range on the preschool version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. After controlling for maternal education, poverty, and child's birth age/weight, several antenatal and postnatal maternal health and family risk factors were significant for: (i) emotional problems (antenatal maternal perceived stress, lack of periconceptional folate, and moderate to severe maternal postnatal anxiety); (ii) hyperactivity-inattention (antenatal maternal perceived stress, mothers' antenatal exposure to secondhand smoke, moderate to severe maternal postnatal anxiety, and low maternal self-evaluation); (iii) conduct problems and total difficulties (antenatal maternal perceived stress, verbal inter-parental conflict and low maternal self-evaluation). The identification of risk and protective factors associated with early childhood difficulties are vital for guiding intervention and prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D'Souza
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Waldie
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. .,Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Elizabeth R Peterson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Underwood
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan M B Morton
- Centre for Longitudinal Research - He Ara ki Mua, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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38
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Manti F, Giovannone F, Sogos C. Parental Stress of Preschool Children With Generalized Anxiety or Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:415. [PMID: 31681713 PMCID: PMC6811652 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Generalized anxiety and oppositional defiant disorders are among the most common psychopathological disorders in pre-school children. We investigated the symptom rate and perception of the child's disorders in parents of preschool children with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Methods: The parents of preschool children (mean age 54.35 months, SD ± 11.60) with ODD, GAD, or typical development (TD) filled the Symptom Check List-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and the Child Behavior Checklist- 1½-5 (CBCL 1½ 5). Parents and children's diagnoses were determined by clinical assessment. Results: The parents of children with ODD reported a symptoms rate higher than parents of children with GAD or TD on most of the SCL-90-R (Global Severity Index of mental distress, p = 0.010; Somatization, p = 0.002; Paranoid Ideation, p < 0.000; and Phobic Anxiety scales, p = 0.030). Conclusions: On the CBCL scales, the parents of the ODD group overestimated the children's problems, while parents of children with GAD reported mainly children's emotional difficulties. Parents of children with ODD seem to be psychologically more vulnerable than parents of children with GAD. Parenting programs might be tailored considering the child's diagnosis and family functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Manti
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Giovannone
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Sogos
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Developmental Trajectories of Social Withdrawal in the Transition from Childhood to Early Adolescence: The Effects of Intrusive Parenting and Peer Competence. ADONGHAKOEJI 2018. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.4.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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40
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Farber MJ, Romer AL, Kim MJ, Knodt AR, Elsayed NM, Williamson DE, Hariri AR. Paradoxical associations between familial affective responsiveness, stress, and amygdala reactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 19:645-654. [PMID: 29999382 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies of early life extremes such as trauma, abuse, and neglect highlight the critical importance of quality caregiving in the development of brain circuits supporting emotional behavior and mental health. The impact of normative variability in caregiving on such biobehavioral processes, however, is poorly understood. Here, we provide initial evidence that even subtle variability in normative caregiving maps onto individual differences in threat-related brain function and, potentially, associated psychopathology in adolescence. Specifically, we report that greater familial affective responsiveness is associated with heightened amygdala reactivity to interpersonal threat, particularly in adolescents having experienced relatively low recent stress. These findings extend the literature on the effects of caregiving extremes on brain function to subtle, normative variability but suggest that presumably protective factors may be associated with increased risk-related amygdala reactivity. We consider these paradoxical associations with regard to studies of basic associative threat learning and further consider their relevance for understanding potential effects of caregiving on psychological development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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41
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Shakoor S, McGuire P, Cardno AG, Freeman D, Ronald A. A twin study exploring the association between childhood emotional and behaviour problems and specific psychotic experiences in a community sample of adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:565-573. [PMID: 29105062 PMCID: PMC5947637 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood emotional and behaviour problems are antecedents for later psychopathology. This study investigated genetic and environmental influences shaping the longitudinal association between childhood emotional and behaviour problems and specific PEs. METHOD In a community-based twin sample, parents reported on emotional and behaviour problems when twins were ages 7 and 12 years. At age 16 years, specific PEs were measured using self-reports and parent reports. Structural equation model-fitting was conducted. RESULTS Childhood emotional and behaviour problems were significantly associated with paranoia, cognitive disorganisation and parent-rated negative symptoms in adolescence (mean r = .15-.38), and to a lesser extent with hallucinations, grandiosity and anhedonia (mean r = .04-.12). Genetic influences on childhood emotional and behaviour problems explained significant proportions of variance in adolescent paranoia (4%), cognitive disorganisation (8%) and parent-rated negative symptoms (3%). Unique environmental influences on childhood emotional and behaviour problems explained ≤1% of variance in PEs. Common environmental influences were only relevant for the relationship between childhood emotional and behaviour problems and parent-rated negative symptoms (explaining 28% of variance) and are partly due to correlated rater effects. CONCLUSIONS Childhood emotional and behaviour problems are significantly, if weakly, associated with adolescent PEs. These associations are driven in part by common genetic influences underlying both emotional and behaviour problems and PEs. However, psychotic experiences in adolescence are largely influenced by genetic and environmental factors that are independent of general childhood emotional and behaviour problems, suggesting they are not merely an extension of childhood emotional and behaviour problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sania Shakoor
- School of Law, Social and Behavioural SciencesUniversity of KingstonKingston upon ThamesUK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alastair G. Cardno
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Behavioural SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Angelica Ronald
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentDepartment of Psychological SciencesBirkbeck, University of LondonLondonUK
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42
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A Longitudinal Study of Inhibited Temperament, Effortful Control, Gender, and Anxiety in Early Childhood. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-018-9447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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43
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Lu Q, Pan F, Ren L, Xiao J, Tao F. Sex differences in the association between internalizing symptoms and hair cortisol level among 10-12 year-old adolescents in China. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29522544 PMCID: PMC5844552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies have described the relationship between HPA axis dysregulation and internalizing symptoms among adolescents, research using hair cortisol concentrations in pre- and young adolescent samples has not been reported. We investigated the association of self-reported internalizing symptoms with cortisol concertration in hair among pre- and young adolescents aged 10–12 years. Forty-six boys and 39 girls supplied a hair sample of at least 3 cm in length for an analysis of this period (3 months) cortisol excretion. Saliva cortisol reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) also was assessed. The study found a positive association between ratings of depressive symptoms and cumulative levels of hair cortisol only in boys. Furthermore, higher ratings of anxiety symptoms were associated with lower hair cortisol concertration and lower saliva cortisol reactivity among girls. This study provides the first evidence for the notion that depressive symptoms in boys are associated with long-term cortisol concertration in hair, whereas anxiety symptoms in girls are associated with HPA-axis hypoactivity, when hair cortisol concentrations and saliva cortisol reactivity to acute stress are assessed concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Lu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fada Pan
- Colleage of education science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Ren
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail:
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44
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Zuckerbrot RA, Cheung A, Jensen PS, Stein RE, Laraque D, Levitt A, Birmaher B, Campo J, Clarke G, Emslie G, Kaufman M, Kelleher KJ, Kutcher S, Malus M, Sacks D, Waslick B, Sarvet B. Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (GLAD-PC): Part I. Practice Preparation, Identification, Assessment, and Initial Management. Pediatrics 2018; 141:peds.2017-4081. [PMID: 29483200 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To update clinical practice guidelines to assist primary care (PC) clinicians in the management of adolescent depression. This part of the updated guidelines is used to address practice preparation, identification, assessment, and initial management of adolescent depression in PC settings. METHODS By using a combination of evidence- and consensus-based methodologies, guidelines were developed by an expert steering committee in 2 phases as informed by (1) current scientific evidence (published and unpublished) and (2) draft revision and iteration among the steering committee, which included experts, clinicians, and youth and families with lived experience. RESULTS Guidelines were updated for youth aged 10 to 21 years and correspond to initial phases of adolescent depression management in PC, including the identification of at-risk youth, assessment and diagnosis, and initial management. The strength of each recommendation and its evidence base are summarized. The practice preparation, identification, assessment, and initial management section of the guidelines include recommendations for (1) the preparation of the PC practice for improved care of adolescents with depression; (2) annual universal screening of youth 12 and over at health maintenance visits; (3) the identification of depression in youth who are at high risk; (4) systematic assessment procedures by using reliable depression scales, patient and caregiver interviews, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria; (5) patient and family psychoeducation; (6) the establishment of relevant links in the community, and (7) the establishment of a safety plan. CONCLUSIONS This part of the guidelines is intended to assist PC clinicians in the identification and initial management of adolescents with depression in an era of great clinical need and shortage of mental health specialists, but they cannot replace clinical judgment; these guidelines are not meant to be the sole source of guidance for depression management in adolescents. Additional research that addresses the identification and initial management of youth with depression in PC is needed, including empirical testing of these guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Zuckerbrot
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Peter S. Jensen
- University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Ruth E.K. Stein
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York; and
| | - Danielle Laraque
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York
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45
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O'Connor C, Reulbach U, Gavin B, McNicholas F. A prospective longitudinal investigation of the (dis)continuity of mental health difficulties between mid- to late-childhood and the predictive role of familial factors. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:289-300. [PMID: 28884353 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-017-1044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding individual variation in the continuity of youth mental health difficulties is critical for identifying the factors that promote recovery or chronicity. This study establishes the proportion of children showing psychopathology at 9 years, whose pathology had either remitted or persisted at 13. It describes the socio-demographic and clinical profiles of these groups, and examines the factors in 9-year-olds' familial environments that predict longitudinal remission vs. persistence of psychopathology. The study utilised data from a prospective longitudinal study of 8568 Irish children. Child psychopathology was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Analysis established the rates of continuity of SDQ classifications between 9 and 13 years. Analysis also investigated the familial factors that predicted the remission vs. persistence of psychopathological symptoms, controlling for socio-demographic and child factors. Average SDQ scores improved between the ages of 9 and 13, F(1, 7292) = 276.52, p < 0.001, [Formula: see text] = 0.04. Of children classified Abnormal aged 9, 41.1% remained so classified at 13, 21.4% were reclassified Borderline, and 37.6% Normal. Demographic and child risk factors for persistence of pathology were maleness (β = -1.00, p = 0.001, CI = 0.20-0.67), one-carer households (β = -0.71, p = 0.04, CI = 0.25-0.97), poor physical health (β = -0.64, p = 0.03, CI = 0.30-0.92), and low cognitive ability (β = 0.61, p = 0.002, CI = 1.26-2.70). Controlling for these factors, the only familial variable at 9 years that predicted subsequent pathological persistence was caregiver depression (β = -0.07, p = 0.03, CI = 0.87-0.99). The analysis highlights substantial rates of psychopathological discontinuity in a community sample and identifies the children most at risk of chronic mental health problems. These results will inform the targeting of early interventions and distribution of clinical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliodhna O'Connor
- School of Medicine & Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Udo Reulbach
- School of Medicine & Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Child & Family Centre, Drogheda, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Blanaid Gavin
- School of Medicine & Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Children's Mental Health Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona McNicholas
- School of Medicine & Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Lucena Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
- Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
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46
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Nikolić M, Aktar E, Bögels S, Colonnesi C, de Vente W. Bumping heart and sweaty palms: physiological hyperarousal as a risk factor for child social anxiety. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:119-128. [PMID: 28921527 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological hyperarousal in social situations is a characteristic of individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD), but so far it has been rarely studied as a biological risk for SAD. Here, we investigate whether children at high risk for SAD (because of their parents' SAD) display physiological hyperarousal while interacting with a stranger. Also, we examine whether early physiological hyperarousal is related to later child social anxiety. METHOD One hundred and seventeen children took part in the stranger-approach task when they were 2.5 and 4.5 years old. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and electrodermal activity (EDA) were measured before, during, and after the conversation with a stranger. Both parents' lifetime SAD status and SAD severity were assessed before the birth of the child. Both parents and children reported on children's social anxiety symptoms when children were 7.5. RESULTS Children of parents with the lifetime SAD diagnosis did not differ in their physiological activity from children of parents without lifetime SAD. However, children of parents with more severe SAD displayed heightened EDA throughout the task procedure. Increased HR and reduced HRV during the stranger-approach and elevated EDA throughout the task phases were linked to later child social anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Parents' severity of SAD is related to child physiological hyperarousal early in their childhood. In addition, physiological hyperarousal in early childhood predicts later child social anxiety. Together, these findings suggest that early physiological hyperarousal in social situations may pose a risk for later child social anxiety and that physiological hyperarousal, and EDA in particular, may be a biological mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Nikolić
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evin Aktar
- Clinical Psychology Department, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Bögels
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cristina Colonnesi
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wieke de Vente
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Vallance AK, Fernandez V. Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. BJPSYCH ADVANCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/apt.bp.114.014183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThe presentation of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents shares similarities and differences with that in adults, and may vary significantly, depending on the age of the individual. Assessment must differentiate anxiety disorders from developmentally appropriate fears as well as medical conditions and drugs that can mimic anxiety states. Aetiology of anxiety disorders in this group encompasses complex genetic and environmental influences. Additional insight into causation is provided by neuroimaging and research into temperament. Recommended interventions include both cognitive-behavioural therapy and pharmacology. Although childhood anxiety disorders generally remit, there remains an increased risk for anxiety and depressive disorders to emerge in adulthood, most likely through heterotypical continuity.
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48
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Gilbertson TJ, Morgan AJ, Rapee RM, Lyneham HJ, Bayer JK. Psychometric properties of the Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale - Preschool Version. J Anxiety Disord 2017; 52:62-71. [PMID: 29053989 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite growing recognition of childhood anxiety as a common and often debilitating clinical concern, we have limited knowledge of the particular ways in which anxiety interferes with daily life for young children who have not yet entered formal schooling. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Child Anxiety Life Interference Scale - Preschool Version (CALIS-PV). The CALIS-PV is a brief (18 item) parent-report measure of the impacts of a young child's anxiety on their own life and that of her or his parent. Participants were 784 parents of a child aged 3-7 years, who completed the CALIS-PV as a part of the follow-up assessment battery for two anxiety prevention trials targeted at preschool children with temperamental inhibition. Confirmatory factor analysis supported three CALIS-PV factors reflecting anxiety-related life interference at home, outside home and on parent life. The three factors showed good internal consistency and good convergent and divergent validity, and successfully differentiated children with and without an anxiety diagnosis. Findings provide initial support for the CALIS-PV as a reliable and valid measure of the daily life impacts of childhood anxiety for preschool-aged children and their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsyn J Gilbertson
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Amy J Morgan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Ronald M Rapee
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Heidi J Lyneham
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jordana K Bayer
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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49
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Hanna GL, Liu Y, Isaacs YE, Ayoub AM, Torres JJ, O’Hara NB, Gehring WJ. Withdrawn/Depressed Behaviors and Error-Related Brain Activity in Youth With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2016; 55:906-913.e2. [PMID: 27663946 PMCID: PMC5577943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involves increased activity in corticostriatal circuits connecting the anterior cingulate cortex with other brain regions. The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential after an incorrect response that is believed to reflect anterior cingulate cortex activity. This study examined the relation of the ERN to OCD symptom dimensions and other childhood symptom dimensions. METHOD The ERN, correct response negativity, and accuracy were measured during a flanker task to assess performance monitoring in 80 youth with a lifetime diagnosis of OCD and 80 matched healthy comparison participants ranging from 8 to 18 years old. The relation of the ERN to OCD symptom dimension scores and Child Behavior Checklist Syndrome Scale scores was examined in multiple linear regression analyses. RESULTS Accuracy was significantly decreased and ERN amplitude was significantly increased in patients compared with controls. ERN amplitude in patients was significantly correlated with accuracy, but not with OCD symptom dimensions, severity, comorbidity, or treatment. In a multiple linear regression analysis using age, accuracy, OCD, and Child Behavior Checklist Syndrome Scale scores as predictors of ERN amplitude, the ERN had significant associations only with Withdrawn/Depressed Scale scores and accuracy. CONCLUSION An enlarged ERN is a neural correlate of pediatric OCD that is independent of OCD symptom expression and severity. The finding of lower accuracy in pediatric cases requires replication. The relation between an enhanced ERN and withdrawn/depressed behaviors warrants further research in youth with OCD and other internalizing disorders.
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Benas JS, McCarthy AE, Haimm CA, Huang M, Gallop R, Young JF. The Depression Prevention Initiative: Impact on Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in a Randomized Trial. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2016; 48:S57-S71. [PMID: 27646462 PMCID: PMC5493504 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1197839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial examined the longitudinal effects of two school-based indicated depression prevention programs on adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptoms, as measured by adolescents, their parents, and their teachers. One hundred eighty-six adolescents participated in this study. The average age was 14.01 (SD = 1.22) years, and the sample was 66.7% female. One third of the sample belonged to a racial minority. Youth received either Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training or group counseling. Symptoms were assessed using adolescent, parent, and teacher reports on the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment at baseline, postintervention, and 6-month follow-up. Adolescents reported the most robust effects in favor of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training. Adolescents in Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training reported significantly greater reductions in internalizing symptoms through the 6-month follow-up and significantly greater reductions in externalizing symptoms during the intervention as compared to group counseling. Less robust effects were found when examining parent and teacher reports, although there was evidence of significant within-group change in parent- and teacher-reported internalizing symptoms for both interventions and significant between-group differences in teacher-reported externalizing symptoms. This study provides additional evidence supporting the efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training as a depression prevention program for adolescents. Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training appears to have fast-acting effects on broadband internalizing and externalizing symptoms as reported by adolescents. This suggests that Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training may serve as a transdiagnostic preventive intervention. Moreover, given the disparate reports of adolescents, parents, and teachers, this study demonstrates the significance of collecting information from multiple sources when possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Benas
- a Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University
| | - Alyssa E McCarthy
- a Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University
| | - Caroline A Haimm
- a Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University
| | - Meghan Huang
- a Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University
| | - Robert Gallop
- b Department of Mathematics, West Chester University
| | - Jami F Young
- a Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University
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