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Wass S, Greenwood E, Esposito G, Smith C, Necef I, Phillips E. Annual Research Review: 'There, the dance is - at the still point of the turning world' - dynamic systems perspectives on coregulation and dysregulation during early development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:481-507. [PMID: 38390803 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
During development we transition from coregulation (where regulatory processes are shared between child and caregiver) to self-regulation. Most early coregulatory interactions aim to manage fluctuations in the infant's arousal and alertness; but over time, coregulatory processes become progressively elaborated to encompass other functions such as sociocommunicative development, attention and executive control. The fundamental aim of coregulation is to help maintain an optimal 'critical state' between hypo- and hyperactivity. Here, we present a dynamic framework for understanding child-caregiver coregulatory interactions in the context of psychopathology. Early coregulatory processes involve both passive entrainment, through which a child's state entrains to the caregiver's, and active contingent responsiveness, through which the caregiver changes their behaviour in response to behaviours from the child. Similar principles, of interactive but asymmetric contingency, drive joint attention and the maintenance of epistemic states as well as arousal/alertness, emotion regulation and sociocommunicative development. We describe three ways in which active child-caregiver regulation can develop atypically, in conditions such as Autism, ADHD, anxiety and depression. The most well-known of these is insufficient contingent responsiveness, leading to reduced synchrony, which has been shown across a range of modalities in different disorders, and which is the target of most current interventions. We also present evidence that excessive contingent responsiveness and excessive synchrony can develop in some circumstances. And we show that positive feedback interactions can develop, which are contingent but mutually amplificatory child-caregiver interactions that drive the child further from their critical state. We discuss implications of these findings for future intervention research, and directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wass
- UEL BabyDevLab, Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Emily Greenwood
- UEL BabyDevLab, Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- UEL BabyDevLab, Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Celia Smith
- Institute of Psychology Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK
| | - Isil Necef
- UEL BabyDevLab, Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Emily Phillips
- UEL BabyDevLab, Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
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2
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Hadaya L, Vanes L, Karolis V, Kanel D, Leoni M, Happé F, Edwards AD, Counsell SJ, Batalle D, Nosarti C. Distinct Neurodevelopmental Trajectories in Groups of Very Preterm Children Screening Positively for Autism Spectrum Conditions. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:256-269. [PMID: 36273367 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Very preterm (VPT; < 33 weeks' gestation) toddlers screening positively for autism spectrum conditions (ASC) may display heterogenous neurodevelopmental trajectories. Here we studied neonatal brain volumes and childhood ASC traits evaluated with the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2) in VPT-born toddlers (N = 371; median age 20.17 months) sub-divided into three groups based on their Modified-Checklist for Autism in Toddlers scores. These were: those screening positively failing at least 2 critical items (critical-positive); failing any 3 items, but less than 2 critical items (non-critical-positive); and screening negatively. Critical-positive scorers had smaller neonatal cerebellar volumes compared to non-critical-positive and negative scorers. However, both positive screening groups exhibited higher childhood ASC traits compared to the negative screening group, suggesting distinct aetiological trajectories associated with ASC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Hadaya
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Lucy Vanes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Vyacheslav Karolis
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Dana Kanel
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Marguerite Leoni
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Francesca Happé
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Dafnis Batalle
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
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Rogers SC, Malik L, Fogel J, Hamilton B, Huisenga D, Lewis-Wolf C, Mieczkowski D, Peterson JK, Russell S, Schmelzer AC, Smith J, Butler SC. Optimising motor development in the hospitalised infant with CHD: factors contributing to early motor challenges and recommendations for assessment and intervention. Cardiol Young 2023; 33:1800-1812. [PMID: 37727892 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951123003165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental challenges are the most prevalent comorbidity associated with a diagnosis of critical CHD, and there is a high incidence of gross and fine motor delays noted in early infancy. The frequency of motor delays in hospitalised infants with critical CHD requires close monitoring from developmental therapies (physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech-language pathologists) to optimise motor development. Currently, minimal literature defines developmental therapists' role in caring for infants with critical CHD in intensive or acute care hospital units. PURPOSE This article describes typical infant motor skill development, how the hospital environment and events surrounding early cardiac surgical interventions impact those skills, and how developmental therapists support motor skill acquisition in infants with critical CHD. Recommendations for healthcare professionals and those who provide medical or developmental support in promotion of optimal motor skill development in hospitalised infants with critical CHD are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Infants with critical CHD requiring neonatal surgical intervention experience interrupted motor skill interactions and developmental trajectories. As part of the interdisciplinary team working in intensive and acute care settings, developmental therapists assess, guide motor intervention, promote optimal motor skill acquisition, and support the infant's overall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie C Rogers
- Children's Health Rehabilitation and Therapy Services, Children's Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Malik
- Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne C Schmelzer
- Duke University Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jodi Smith
- The Mended Hearts, Inc., Leesburg, GA, USA
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4
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Delgado CF, Simpson EA, Zeng G, Delgado RE, Miron O. Newborn Auditory Brainstem Responses in Children with Developmental Disabilities. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:776-788. [PMID: 34181140 PMCID: PMC9549590 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We integrated data from a newborn hearing screening database and a preschool disability database to examine the relationship between newborn click evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and developmental disabilities. This sample included children with developmental delay (n = 2992), speech impairment (SI, n = 905), language impairment (n = 566), autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 370), and comparison children (n = 128,181). We compared the phase of the ABR waveform, a measure of sound processing latency, across groups. Children with SI and children with ASD had greater newborn ABR phase values than both the comparison group and the developmental delay group. Newborns later diagnosed with SI or ASD have slower neurological responses to auditory stimuli, suggesting sensory differences at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine F Delgado
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0721, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Simpson
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0721, USA
| | - Guangyu Zeng
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0721, USA
| | - Rafael E Delgado
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
- Intelligent Hearing Systems Corp., Miami, FL, USA
| | - Oren Miron
- Department of Health Systems Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Biomedical-Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Wolke D, Baumann N, Jaekel J, Pyhälä R, Heinonen K, Räikkönen K, Sorg C, Bilgin A. The association of early regulatory problems with behavioral problems and cognitive functioning in adulthood: two cohorts in two countries. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:876-885. [PMID: 36601777 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory problems (RPs; excessive crying, sleeping, or feeding difficulties) that co-occur (i.e., multiple) or are persistent have been associated with cognitive and behavioral problems in childhood. However, it remains unknown if multiple or persistent RPs are associated with cognitive and behavioral problems in adulthood. METHODS This large prospective longitudinal study (N = 759) was conducted in two cohorts in Germany (N = 342) and Finland (N = 417). RPs were assessed at 5, 20, and 56 months via the same standardized parental interviews and neurological examinations. In young adulthood, questionnaires were used to assess behavioral problems. Cognitive functioning was assessed with IQ tests. We examined the effects of multiple or persistent RPs on the outcomes via analysis of covariance tests and logistic regression controlled for the influence of cohort. RESULTS Of 163 participants with RPs, 89 had multiple and 77 had persistent RPs. Adults who had early multiple or persistent RPs (N = 151) reported more internalizing (p = .001), externalizing (p = .020), and total behavioral problems (p = .001), and, specifically, more depressive (p = .012), somatic (p = .005), avoidant personality (p < .001), and antisocial personality problems (p = .006) than those who never had RPs (N = 596). Participants with multiple or persistent RPs were more likely to receive any ADHD diagnoses (p = .017), particularly of hyperactive/impulsive subtype (p = .032). In contrast, there were no associations between multiple or persistent RPs and IQ scores in young adulthood. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate long-lasting associations between multiple or persistent RPs and behavioral problems. Thus, screening for early RPs could help to identify children who are at risk for later behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Nicole Baumann
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychology Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia Jaekel
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riikka Pyhälä
- Maternity and Child Health Clinics, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Psychology/Welfare Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Neuroradiology and Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,TUM-NIC Neuroimaging Center Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ayten Bilgin
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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6
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Ferber SG, Geva R, Weller A. When the Mind Comes to Live Inside the Body: The Ontogeny of the Perceptual Control Clock. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:13-21. [PMID: 35410607 PMCID: PMC10193756 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220411095508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we discuss the neurobiological processes underlying the early emergence of awareness that we term the "when" and "how" the mind comes to live inside the body. We describe an accumulative developmental process starting during embryonic life and continuing to fetal and postnatal development, of coupling of heart rate, body movements, and sleep states on the behavioral level with underlying mechanisms on the structural, functional, cellular, and molecular levels. A developmental perspective is proposed based on Perceptual Control Theory (PCT). This includes a developing sequence of modules starting from early sensing of neural intensities to early manifestation of human mindful capacities. We also address pharmacological treatments administered to preterm infants, which may interfere with this development, and highlight the need to consider this potential "side effect" of current pharmaceuticals when developing novel pharmacogenomic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Goldstein Ferber
- Department of Psychology and the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ronny Geva
- Department of Psychology and the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Aron Weller
- Department of Psychology and the Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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7
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Shah S, Laplante D, Atkinson L, Wazana A. From temperament and parenting to attachment: a review of the interplay of gene and environment factors in the developmental pathway to attachment. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2022; 35:401-408. [PMID: 35959551 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Attachment represents an aspect of the parent-child relationship by encapsulating behaviours and stress management strategies. Although attachment is not considered a measure of psychopathology, some attachment styles place children at higher risk for psychopathologies. The origins of attachment have historically thought to be either parenting-related variables, or temperament. More recently, there has been accumulated evidence of gene × environment interactions in attachment, temperament, and parenting. This review aims to cover shared gene × environment pathways between these variables, introduce recent relevant insights from prenatal programming research, and offer a synthesized developmental cascade model of attachment. RECENT FINDINGS Carriers of gene polymorphisms related to stress neurobiology respond differently to environments than noncarriers according to two patterns: attachment research shows inconsistent diathesis-stress between gene polymorphisms and environment, and temperament, stress physiology, and prenatal programming research show clear patterns of differential susceptibility. SUMMARY By synthesizing prenatal and postnatal findings, a model of attachment emerges in which individuals more susceptible to environmental influences are carriers of specific genes, whose endophenotypic markers include stress biology and phenotypic markers include temperament. Intervention should, therefore, focus on parenting and stress regulation strategies for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka Shah
- Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, and McGill University
| | - David Laplante
- Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research
| | | | - Ashley Wazana
- Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, and McGill University
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8
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Gao MM, Saenz C, Neff D, Santana ML, Amici J, Butner J, Raby KL, Crowell SE, Conradt E. Bringing the laboratory into the home: A protocol for remote biobehavioral data collection in pregnant women with emotion dysregulation and their infants. J Health Psychol 2022; 27:2644-2667. [PMID: 34875931 PMCID: PMC10066794 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211064984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women struggling with emotion dysregulation may be more likely to engage in a wide range of health risk behaviors. This protocol describes a study on intergenerational transmission of emotion dysregulation from the third trimester of pregnancy to 18 months postpartum. Biobehavioral markers of emotion dysregulation are typically measured in laboratory settings which was prohibited by many universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe how markers of emotion dysregulation (e.g. maternal, fetal, and infant heart rate variability) are collected remotely. We detail how data collection can be augmented to reach diverse populations who may not otherwise participate in laboratory-based research.
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9
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Ludwig RJ, Welch MG. Wired to Connect: The Autonomic Socioemotional Reflex Arc. Front Psychol 2022; 13:841207. [PMID: 35814106 PMCID: PMC9268160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.841207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously proposed that mothers and infants co-regulate one another’s autonomic state through an autonomic conditioning mechanism, which starts during gestation and results in the formation of autonomic socioemotional reflexes (ASRs) following birth. Theoretically, autonomic physiology associated with the ASR should correlate concomitantly with behaviors of mother and infant, although the neuronal pathway by which this phenomenon occurs has not been elucidated. In this paper, we consider the neuronal pathway by which sensory stimuli between a mother and her baby/child affect the physiology and emotional behavior of each. We divide our paper into two parts. In the first part, to gain perspective on current theories on the subject, we conduct a 500-year narrative history of scientific investigations into the human nervous system and theories that describe the neuronal pathway between sensory stimulus and emotional behavior. We then review inconsistencies between several currently accepted theories and recent data. In the second part, we lay out a new theory of emotions that describes how sensory stimuli between mother and baby unconsciously control the behavior and physiology of both. We present a theory of mother/infant emotion based on a set of assumptions fundamentally different from current theories. Briefly, we propose that mother/infant sensory stimuli trigger conditional autonomic socioemotional reflexes (ASRs), which drive cardiac function and behavior without the benefit of the thalamus, amygdala or cortex. We hold that the ASR is shaped by an evolutionarily conserved autonomic learning mechanism (i.e., functional Pavlovian conditioning) that forms between mother and fetus during gestation and continues following birth. We highlight our own and others research findings over the past 15 years that support our contention that mother/infant socioemotional behavior is driven by mutual autonomic state plasticity, as opposed to cortical trait plasticity. We review a novel assessment tool designed to measure the behaviors associated with the ASR phenomenon. Finally, we discuss the significance of our theory for the treatment of mothers and infants with socioemotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Ludwig
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert J. Ludwig,
| | - Martha G. Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Ribaudo J, Lawler JM, Jester JM, Riggs J, Erickson NL, Stacks AM, Brophy-Herb H, Muzik M, Rosenblum KL. Maternal History of Adverse Experiences and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Impact Toddlers’ Early Socioemotional Wellbeing: The Benefits of Infant Mental Health-Home Visiting. Front Psychol 2022; 12:792989. [PMID: 35111107 PMCID: PMC8802330 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.792989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe present study examined the efficacy of the Michigan Model of Infant Mental Health-Home Visiting (IMH-HV) infant mental health treatment to promote the socioemotional wellbeing of infants and young children. Science illuminates the role of parental “co-regulation” of infant emotion as a pathway to young children’s capacity for self-regulation. The synchrony of parent–infant interaction begins to shape the infant’s own nascent regulatory capacities. Parents with a history of childhood adversity, such as maltreatment or witnessing family violence, and who struggle with symptoms of post-traumatic stress may have greater challenges in co-regulating their infant, thus increasing the risk of their children exhibiting social and emotional problems such as anxiety, aggression, and depression. Early intervention that targets the infant–parent relationship may help buffer the effect of parental risk on child outcomes.MethodsParticipants were 58 mother–infant/toddler dyads enrolled in a longitudinal randomized control trial testing the efficacy of the relationship-based IMH-HV treatment model. Families were eligible based on child age (<24 months at enrollment) and endorsement of at least two of four socio-demographic factors commonly endorsed in community mental health settings: elevated depression symptoms, three or more Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) parenting stress, and/or child behavior or development concerns. This study included dyads whose children were born at the time of study enrollment and completed 12-month post-baseline follow-up visits. Parents reported on their own history of ACEs and current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, as well as their toddler’s socioemotional development (e.g., empathy, prosocial skills, aggression, anxiety, prolonged tantrums).ResultsMaternal ACEs predicted more toddler emotional problems through their effect on maternal PTSD symptoms. Parents who received IMH-HV treatment reported more positive toddler socioemotional wellbeing at follow-up relative to the control condition. The most positive socioemotional outcomes were for toddlers of mothers with low to moderate PTSD symptoms who received IMH-HV treatment.ConclusionResults indicate the efficacy of IMH-HV services in promoting more optimal child socioemotional wellbeing even when mothers reported mild to moderate PTSD symptoms. Results also highlight the need to assess parental trauma when infants and young children present with socioemotional difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ribaudo
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- School of Social Work, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Julie Ribaudo,
| | - Jamie M. Lawler
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Jester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jessica Riggs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nora L. Erickson
- Mother Baby Program, Department of Psychiatry, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ann M. Stacks
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Holly Brophy-Herb
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Maria Muzik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katherine L. Rosenblum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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11
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Cruz S, Crego A, Moreira C, Ribeiro E, Gonçalves Ó, Ramos R, Sampaio A. Cortical auditory evoked potentials in 1-month-old infants predict language outcomes at 12 months. INFANCY 2022; 27:324-340. [PMID: 35037391 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neurophysiological assessment of infants in their first developmental year can provide important information about the functional changes of the brain and supports the study of behavioral and developmental characteristics. Infants' cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) reflect cortical maturation and appear to predict subsequent language abilities. This study aimed to identify CAEP components to two auditory stimulus intensities in 1-month-old infants and to understand how these are associated with social interactive and self-regulatory behaviors. In addition, it examined whether CAEPs predicted developmental outcomes when infants were assessed at 12 months of age. At 1 month, P2 and N2 components were present for both auditory stimulus intensities, with an increased P2 amplitude being observed for the higher-intensity stimuli. We also observed that an increased P2 amplitude in the lower intensity predicted receptive and expressive language competencies at 12 months. These results are consistent with previous findings indicating an association between auditory processing and developmental outcomes in infants. This study suggests that specific auditory neurophysiological markers are associated with developmental outcomes in the first developmental year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cruz
- The Psychology for Positive Development Research Center (CIPD), Lusíada University North, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Crego
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla Moreira
- Centre of Mathematics, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Ribeiro
- Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Óscar Gonçalves
- Proaction Lab, CINEICC, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Ramos
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, Research Center in Psychology (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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12
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Shinya Y, Kawai M, Niwa F, Kanakogi Y, Imafuku M, Myowa M. Cognitive flexibility in 12-month-old preterm and term infants is associated with neurobehavioural development in 18-month-olds. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3. [PMID: 35013426 PMCID: PMC8748813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that preterm children are at an increased risk of poor executive functioning, which underlies behavioural and attention problems. Previous studies have suggested that early cognitive flexibility is a possible predictor of later executive function; however, how it develops in infancy and relates to the later neurobehavioural outcomes is still unclear in the preterm population. Here, we conducted a longitudinal study to investigate oculomotor response shifting in 27 preterm and 25 term infants at 12 months and its relationship with general cognitive development and effortful control, which is a temperamental aspect closely associated with executive function, at 18 months. We found that moderate to late preterm and term infants significantly inhibited previously rewarded look responses, while very preterm infants did not show significant inhibition of perseverative looking at 12 months. Moreover, lower inhibition of perseverative looking was significantly associated with lower general cognitive development and attentional shifting at 18 months. These findings suggest that the early atypical patterns of oculomotor response shifting may be a behavioural marker for predicting a higher risk of negative neurobehavioural outcomes, including attention-related problems in preterm children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Shinya
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Kawai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fusako Niwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Masako Myowa
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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13
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Burstein O, Geva R. The Brainstem-Informed Autism Framework: Early Life Neurobehavioral Markers. Front Integr Neurosci 2021; 15:759614. [PMID: 34858145 PMCID: PMC8631363 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.759614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have long-term implications on functioning at multiple levels. In this perspective, we offer a brainstem-informed autism framework (BIAF) that traces the protracted neurobehavioral manifestations of ASD to early life brainstem dysfunctions. Early life brainstem-mediated markers involving functions of autonomic/arousal regulation, sleep-wake homeostasis, and sensorimotor integration are delineated. Their possible contributions to the early identification of susceptible infants are discussed. We suggest that the BIAF expands our multidimensional understanding of ASD by focusing on the early involvement of brainstem systems. Importantly, we propose an integrated BIAF screener that brings about the prospect of a sensitive and reliable early life diagnostic scheme for weighing the risk for ASD. The BIAF screener could provide clinicians substantial gains in the future and may carve customized interventions long before the current DSM ASD phenotype is manifested using dyadic co-regulation of brainstem-informed autism markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Burstein
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ronny Geva
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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14
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Wass SV. The origins of effortful control: How early development within arousal/regulatory systems influences attentional and affective control. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2021.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Wong RS, Tung KTS, Cheng AWF, Shiu YK, Wong WHS, Tso WWY, Ho MSP, Chan KL, Ho FKW, Lo CKM, Chow CB, Ip P. Disentangling the Effects of Exposure to Maternal Substance Misuse and Physical Abuse and Neglect on Child Behavioral Problems. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:8435-8455. [PMID: 31130045 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519849661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is inconsistent evidence on the association between prenatal substance exposure and child behavioral problems. Children affected by maternal substance misuse are vulnerable to physical abuse and neglect. Few studies have examined factors contributing to internalizing and externalizing problems in these children. This study, with a focus on children with prenatal substance exposure, investigated whether family characteristics (the duration of maternal substance misuse postpartum or the existence of a sibling) moderated the association between adverse exposure (physical abuse or neglect) and behavior (internalizing or externalizing problems). We recruited 54 Hong Kong Chinese mothers with registered records of substance misuse during pregnancy and their children (2-9 years). Mothers completed questionnaires on drug use patterns during pregnancy and postpartum, abusive and neglectful parenting behaviors in the preceding year, and children's current behavioral problems. Moderated regression analyses tested whether abusive and neglectful parenting behavior interacted with family characteristics to affect child behavioral problems. The existence of a sibling moderated the relationship between neglect experience and internalizing problems, with a positive relationship observed only among single children (adjusted B [95% confidence interval] = 3.70 [0.98, 6.41], p = .012). The duration of maternal substance misuse postpartum moderated the relationship between physical abuse experience and externalizing problems, with a positive relationship observed only among children of mothers abusing substances beyond the child's infancy period (adjusted B [95% confidence interval] = 6.86 [2.34, 11.38], p = .008). The results show that the impact of physical abuse and neglect experiences depend on the type of behavior assessed and family and child characteristics. Positive sibling relationship and early detoxification in the mother can foster healthy behavioral development for children exposed prenatally to maternal substance misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa S Wong
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ko Ling Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | | | - Camilla K M Lo
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | | | - Patrick Ip
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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16
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Ráčková L, Kuruczová D, Jarkovský J, Bienertová-Vašků J. Birth weight rather than birth length is associated with childhood behavioural problems in a Czech ELSPAC cohort. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253607. [PMID: 34324515 PMCID: PMC8321223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physical and psychological characteristics are influenced by prenatal development. Some studies have located links between low birth parameters and behavioural problems, with the latter in turn associated with educational progress, career success, overall health, and subsequent life events. However, few studies have investigated whether this association also applies to children in the normal birth growth range. This study thus investigates the relationship between normal-range birth length, weight, and behavioural problems at the age of seven. We use data from the Czech part of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) cohort, which provides comprehensive insight into a post-communist country undergoing a period of economic transition. Childhood behavioural problems were measured in 1,796 children using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Associations were modelled using weighted logistic regression. Birth weight was found to be linked to the total difficulties score, hyperactivity, and peer relationship problems subscales in a fully adjusted model while birth length was not significantly associated with any subscale in the fully adjusted model. We thus conclude that normal-range birth weight is associated with behavioural problems. It can therefore be assumed that the odds of behavioural problems and their consequences can be mitigated by preventive programs targeting pregnant women and children with lower but still normal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Ráčková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Kuruczová
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jarkovský
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Bienertová-Vašků
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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17
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Burstein O, Zevin Z, Geva R. Preterm Birth and the Development of Visual Attention During the First 2 Years of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e213687. [PMID: 33783515 PMCID: PMC8010593 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Preterm birth is associated with an increased risk for long-lasting attention deficits. Early-life markers of attention abnormalities have not been established to date but could provide insights into the pathogenesis of attention abnormalities and could help identify susceptible individuals. Objective To examine whether preterm birth is associated with visual attention impairments in early life, and if so, in which attention functions and at which developmental period during the first 2 years of life. Data Sources PubMed and PsycINFO were searched on November 17, 2019, to identify studies involving visual attention outcomes in infants born preterm vs full term. Study Selection Peer-reviewed studies from the past 50 years met the eligibility criteria if they directly assessed visual attention outcomes until the age of 2 years in generally healthy infants born preterm or full term. The selection process was conducted by 2 independent reviewers. Data Extraction and Synthesis The Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guideline was followed. Random-effects models were used to determine standardized mean differences. The risk of bias was assessed both within and between studies. Main Outcomes and Measures Five nascent indices of visual attention were analyzed, including very basic functions-namely, the abilities to follow and fixate on visual targets-and more complex functions, such as visual processing (ie, habituation), recognition memory (ie, novelty preference), and the ability to effortfully focus attention for learning. Results A total of 53 studies were included, with 69 effect sizes and assessing a total of 3998 infants (2047 born preterm and 1951 born full term; of the 3376 for whom sex was reported, 1693 [50.1%] were girls). Preterm birth was associated with impairments in various attention indices, including visual-following in infancy (Cohen d, -0.77; 95% CI, -1.23 to -0.31), latency to fixate (Cohen d, -0.18; 95% CI, -0.33 to -0.02), novelty preference (Cohen d, -0.20; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.08), and focused attention (Cohen d, -0.28; 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.11). In the neonatal period, preterm birth was associated with superior visual-following (Cohen d, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.40), possibly owing to the additional extrauterine exposure to sensory stimulation. However, this early association waned rapidly in infancy (Cohen d, -0.77; 95% CI, -1.23 to -0.31). Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that preterm birth is associated with impingements to visual attention development in early life, as manifested in basic and then complex forms of attention. Advancements in neonatal care may underlie improvements found in the current era and accentuate several early protective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Burstein
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Zipi Zevin
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ronny Geva
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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18
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Madrid M, Brianza-Padilla M, Echeverría JC, Rivera-González R, Bojalil R. The Severity of Neurological Dysfunction in Preschool Children, Secondary to Damage Generated During the Perinatal Period, is Associated With a Pro-Inflammatory Pattern of Serum Molecules. Front Immunol 2021; 11:595309. [PMID: 33584663 PMCID: PMC7876313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders in the child’s neurological development caused by perinatal risks can lead to long-term altered neurological signs that begin at an early age and involve persistent functional disorders. Recent data suggest that tissue dysfunction, not just acute damage, may initiate or perpetuate an inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to find out if any neurological dysfunction in preschool children secondary to damage generated during the perinatal period is associated with the magnitude of perinatal risks and long-term modifications in the serum concentrations of inflammatory molecules. The participants, aged 1–4 years, were on neurodevelopmental follow-up and rehabilitation therapy from the first three months of life and had no acute disease data. We classified the children into three groups according to the importance of their perinatal risks: low, medium, and high. The results show that 1) the magnitude of perinatal risks correlated with the severity of neurological dysfunction; 2) the greatest changes in the concentrations of the molecules of the inflammatory process were associated with the most altered neurological signs. This suggests that persistent nervous system dysfunction keeps inflammatory responses active even in the absence of an acute process of infection or damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Madrid
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juan C Echeverría
- Department of Electric Engineering, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando Rivera-González
- Neurodevelopment Monitoring Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Bojalil
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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19
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Zivan M, Morag I, Yarmolovsky J, Geva R. Hyper-Reactivity to Salience Limits Social Interaction Among Infants Born Pre-term and Infant Siblings of Children With ASD. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:646838. [PMID: 34054606 PMCID: PMC8160104 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.646838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to engage attention with selected stimuli is essential for infants to explore the world and process information relating to their surroundings. There are two main populations with a higher risk to develop attentional and social deficits whose deficits may arise from difficulties in regulating attention to salient cues: (1) siblings of children diagnosed with Autism; and (2) infants who were born pre-term. This study investigated infants' (N = 97) attention-engagement and pupil-dilation (PD) at 9 months of age, using a gaze-contingent paradigm and a structured social interaction. Specifically, we explored attention to stimuli with simple salient features (e.g., clear defined shapes, colors, and motions) vs. more complex non-social cues (amorphous shapes, colors, and motions) and social interaction in typically developing infants (TD, N = 25) and among two groups of infants at-risk to develop social difficulties (pre-terms, N = 56; siblings of children with Autism, N = 16). Findings show that the two risk groups preferred stimuli with simple features (F = 11.306, p < 0.001), accompanied by increased PD (F = 6.6, p < 0.001). Specifically, pre-term infants showed increased PD toward simple vs. complex stimuli (p < 0.001), while siblings showed a pervasive hyper-arousal to both simple and complex stimuli. Infants in the TD group preferred complex stimuli with no change in PD. Finally, the preference for the simple stimulus mediated the relationship between increased risk for social difficulties and decreased engagement duration in face-to-face interaction with the experimenter. Results suggest that activation of the attention-salience network shapes social abilities at infancy. Further, hyper-reactivity to salient stimuli limits social interaction among infants born pre-term and siblings of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zivan
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Iris Morag
- Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jessica Yarmolovsky
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ronny Geva
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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20
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Kivinummi A, Naithani G, Tammela O, Virtanen T, Kurkela E, Alhainen M, Niehaus DJH, Lachman A, Leppänen JM, Peltola MJ. Associations Between Neonatal Cry Acoustics and Visual Attention During the First Year. Front Psychol 2020; 11:577510. [PMID: 33117244 PMCID: PMC7561366 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that early cry parameters are connected to later cognitive abilities. The present study is the first to investigate whether the acoustic features of infant cry are associated with cognitive development already during the first year, as measured by oculomotor orienting and attention disengagement. Cry sounds for acoustic analyses (fundamental frequency; F0) were recorded in two neonatal cohorts at the age of 0–8 days (Tampere, Finland) or at 6 weeks (Cape Town, South Africa). Eye tracking was used to measure oculomotor orienting to peripheral visual stimuli and attention disengagement from central stimuli at 8 months (Tampere) or at 6 months (Cape Town) of age. Only a marginal positive correlation between fundamental frequency of cry (F0) and visual attention disengagement was observed in the Tampere cohort, but not in the Cape Town cohort. This correlation indicated that infants from the Tampere cohort with a higher neonatal F0 were marginally slower to shift their gaze away from the central stimulus to the peripheral stimulus. No associations between F0 and oculomotor orienting were observed in either cohort. We discuss possible factors influencing the current pattern of results suggesting a lack of replicable associations between neonatal cry and visual attention and suggest directions for future research investigating the potential of early cry analysis in predicting later cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Kivinummi
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gaurav Naithani
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Outi Tammela
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuomas Virtanen
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Enni Kurkela
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Miia Alhainen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dana J H Niehaus
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anusha Lachman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jukka M Leppänen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mikko J Peltola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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21
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Observed Progression of Parents' Understanding of Preterm Infants' Behavioral Signs at 33 to 35 Weeks Corrected Age. Adv Neonatal Care 2020; 20:333-345. [PMID: 32735413 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions aimed at improving parental understanding of preterm infants' behavioral signs have drawn increased attention in recent years. However, there are limited data regarding parents' actual perceptions of infants' behavior during parent-infant interactions while infants are in a light-sleep state. PURPOSES (1) To describe parental perceptions of infants' behavior at 33 to 35 weeks' corrected age during light-sleep and (2) to identify changes in parental perceptions of preterm infants' behavior over time. METHODS This study used a qualitative, longitudinal design based on observations and interviews. Three sets of parents and their infants born between 29 and 30 weeks' gestational age were observed up to 3 times during light sleep states when the infants were 33 to 35 weeks' corrected age. Parents were interviewed regarding their perceptions of infant behavior/growth once at the time of observation and once more within 2 weeks of the final observation. The findings are based on the observation of parents' perception-driven interactions with infants. RESULTS Four themes emerged describing the transition of parental perception that progresses to gain a better understanding of their infant's behavior through repeated interaction. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings of this study inform caregivers in neonatal intensive care units regarding the unique experience of parent-infant dyads. This knowledge can help promote family-centered developmental care efforts in neonatal intensive care units. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Further research should focus on studying a larger sample group to confirm the findings and refining strategies to incorporate the findings to enhance neonatal intensive care unit care.
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22
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Miller JG, Engelbrecht J, Wang Z, Tsudaka G. Toward greater cultural sensitivity in developmental psychology. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2020.1789348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Doyle FL, Mendoza Diaz A, Eapen V, Frick PJ, Kimonis ER, Hawes DJ, Moul C, Richmond JL, Mehta D, Sareen S, Morgan BG, Dadds MR. Mapping the Specific Pathways to Early-Onset Mental Health Disorders: The "Watch Me Grow for REAL" Study Protocol. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:553. [PMID: 32636770 PMCID: PMC7319093 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From birth, the human propensity to selectively attend and respond to critical super-stimuli forms the basis of future socio-emotional development and health. In particular, the first super-stimuli to preferentially engage and elicit responses in the healthy newborn are the physical touch, voice and face/eyes of caregivers. From this grows selective attention and responsiveness to emotional expression, scaffolding the development of empathy, social cognition, and other higher human capacities. In this paper, the protocol for a longitudinal, prospective birth-cohort study is presented. The major aim of this study is to map the emergence of individual differences and disturbances in the system of social-Responsiveness, Emotional Attention, and Learning (REAL) through the first 3 years of life to predict the specific emergence of the major childhood mental health problems, as well as social adjustment and impairment more generally. A further aim of this study is to examine how the REAL variables interact with the quality of environment/caregiver interactions. METHODS/DESIGN A prospective, longitudinal birth-cohort study will be conducted. Data will be collected from four assessments and mothers' electronic medical records. DISCUSSION This study will be the first to test a clear developmental map of both the unique and specific causes of childhood psychopathology and will identify more precise early intervention targets for children with complex comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances L. Doyle
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antonio Mendoza Diaz
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul J. Frick
- Institute for Learning Sciences & Teacher Education, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Eva R. Kimonis
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David J. Hawes
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Caroline Moul
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jenny L. Richmond
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Divya Mehta
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sinia Sareen
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bronte G. Morgan
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark R. Dadds
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Bellato A, Arora I, Kochhar P, Hollis C, Groom MJ. Atypical Electrophysiological Indices of Eyes-Open and Eyes-Closed Resting-State in Children and Adolescents with ADHD and Autism. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E272. [PMID: 32370023 PMCID: PMC7288160 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating electrophysiological measures during resting-state might be useful to investigate brain functioning and responsivity in individuals under diagnostic assessment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism. EEG was recorded in 43 children with or without ADHD and autism, during a 4-min-long resting-state session which included an eyes-closed and an eyes-open condition. We calculated and analyzed occipital absolute and relative spectral power in the alpha frequency band (8-12 Hz), and alpha reactivity, conceptualized as the difference in alpha power between eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions. Alpha power was increased during eyes-closed compared to eyes-open resting-state. While absolute alpha power was reduced in children with autism, relative alpha power was reduced in children with ADHD, especially during the eyes-closed condition. Reduced relative alpha reactivity was mainly associated with lower IQ and not with ADHD or autism. Atypical brain functioning during resting-state seems differently associated with ADHD and autism, however further studies replicating these results are needed; we therefore suggest involving research groups worldwide by creating a shared and publicly available repository of resting-state EEG data collected in people with different psychological, psychiatric, or neurodevelopmental conditions, including ADHD and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bellato
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Institute of Mental Health, Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK; (I.A.); (P.K.); (C.H.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Iti Arora
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Institute of Mental Health, Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK; (I.A.); (P.K.); (C.H.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Puja Kochhar
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Institute of Mental Health, Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK; (I.A.); (P.K.); (C.H.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Chris Hollis
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Institute of Mental Health, Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK; (I.A.); (P.K.); (C.H.); (M.J.G.)
- NIHR MindTech Healthcare Technology Co-Operative, Institute of Mental Health, Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Madeleine J. Groom
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Institute of Mental Health, Innovation Park, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK; (I.A.); (P.K.); (C.H.); (M.J.G.)
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25
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Kostyrka-Allchorne K, Wass SV, Sonuga-Barke EJS. Research Review: Do parent ratings of infant negative emotionality and self-regulation predict psychopathology in childhood and adolescence? A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective longitudinal studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:401-416. [PMID: 31696514 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying low-cost and easy to implement measures of infant markers of later psychopathology may improve targeting of early intervention for prevention. Because of their early manifestation, relative stability and overlap with constructs central to affect-based dimensions of child and adolescent psychopathology, negative emotionality and self-regulation have been the focus of this research. We conducted a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies examining the prospective association between infant temperament measured with parent ratings and child/adolescent psychopathology. METHODS A systematic literature search for prospective longitudinal studies, which included measures of questionnaire-assessed infant temperament (negative emotionality, self-regulation, behavioural inhibition, surgency/extraversion, activity level) and symptoms of child or adolescent mental health (externalising, internalising) and neurodevelopmental problems (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder [ASD]), was conducted. Standardised estimates of association were calculated and pooled in meta-analyses. RESULTS Twenty-five studies (n = 28,425) met inclusion criteria. Small associations were seen between psychopathology aggregated across all domains and infant negative emotionality (r = .15; p < .001) and self-regulation (r = -.19; p = .007). Effects were also significant but weaker for behavioural inhibition (r = .10; p = .027) and activity level (r = .08; p = .016). Surgency/extraversion was not significantly associated with psychopathology in general (r = -.04; p = .094); however, it was negatively associated with ASD (r = -.10, p = .015). Significant correlations were observed with some outcomes isomorphic with predictors, internalising problems and behavioural inhibition (r = .10; p = .013), ADHD symptoms and activity level (r = .19; p = .009). CONCLUSION Questionnaire-based assessments of infant negative emotionality may have transdiagnostic potential to contribute to a risk index of later childhood psychopathology. Behavioural inhibition, surgency/extraversion and activity ratings may provide more specific predictive power. More data from prospective studies are required before the potential of self-regulation and surgency/extraversion can be properly gauged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kostyrka-Allchorne
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sam V Wass
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Wass SV, Smith CG, Daubney KR, Suata ZM, Clackson K, Begum A, Mirza FU. Influences of environmental stressors on autonomic function in 12-month-old infants: understanding early common pathways to atypical emotion regulation and cognitive performance. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:1323-1333. [PMID: 31259425 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested that children exposed to more early-life stress show worse mental health outcomes and impaired cognitive performance in later life, but the mechanisms subserving these relationships remain poorly understood. METHOD Using miniaturised microphones and physiological arousal monitors (electrocardiography, heart rate variability and actigraphy), we examined for the first time infants' autonomic reactions to environmental stressors (noise) in the home environment, in a sample of 82 12-month-old infants from mixed demographic backgrounds. The same infants also attended a laboratory testing battery where attention- and emotion-eliciting stimuli were presented. We examined how children's environmental noise exposure levels at home related to their autonomic reactivity and to their behavioural performance in the laboratory. RESULTS Individual differences in total noise exposure were independent of other socioeconomic and parenting variables. Children exposed to higher and more rapidly fluctuating environmental noise showed more unstable autonomic arousal patterns overall in home settings. In the laboratory testing battery, this group showed more labile and short-lived autonomic changes in response to novel attention-eliciting stimuli, along with reduced visual sustained attention. They also showed increased arousal lability in response to an emotional stressor. CONCLUSIONS Our results offer new insights into the mechanisms by which environmental noise exposure may confer increased risk of adverse mental health and impaired cognitive performance during later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam V Wass
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Celia G Smith
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Zeynep M Suata
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kaili Clackson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Abdul Begum
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Farhan U Mirza
- School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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M Reyes L, Jaekel J, Wolke D. Effects of Gestational Age and Early Parenting on Children's Social Inhibition at 6 Years. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E81. [PMID: 31261690 PMCID: PMC6678926 DOI: 10.3390/children6070081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestation) has been associated with problems in social functioning. Whether social inhibition is specifically related to preterm birth and whether early parenting may protect against social inhibition difficulties is unknown. To explore effects of gestational age and early parent-infant relationships on social inhibition, 1314 children born at 26-41 weeks gestational age were studied as part of the prospective Bavarian Longitudinal Study. Early parent-infant relationship quality was assessed postnatally with the parent-infant relationship index. Social inhibition was assessed at age 6 years using an experimental procedure, in which nonverbal and verbal responses were coded into social inhibition categories (disinhibited, normally responsive, inhibited). Multinomial logistic regressions indicated that children with lower gestational age showed more socially disinhibited (nonverbal: OR = 1.27 [95% CI = 1.17-1.40], verbal: OR = 1.23 [95% CI 1.13-1.35]) and inhibited (nonverbal: OR = 1.21 [95% CI = 1.11-1.32], verbal: OR = 1.11 [95% CI = 1.01-1.21]) responses. Good early parent-infant relationships were associated with less verbal disinhibition (OR = 0.70 [95% CI = 0.52-0.93]). Findings suggest that children with lower gestational age are at greater risk to be both socially inhibited and disinhibited. Early parenting affected risk of abnormal social responses. Supporting early parent-infant relationships may reduce preterm children's risk for social difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Reyes
- Department of Child and Family Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Julia Jaekel
- Department of Child and Family Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, UK
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV47AL, UK.
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Hane AA, LaCoursiere JN, Mitsuyama M, Wieman S, Ludwig RJ, Kwon KY, V. Browne J, Austin J, M. Myers M, Welch MG. The Welch Emotional Connection Screen: validation of a brief mother-infant relational health screen. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:615-625. [PMID: 29959878 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The Welch Emotional Connection Screen (WECS), assesses mother-infant Emotional Connection in clinical settings. It includes: Attraction, Vocal Communication, Facial Communication, Sensitivity/Reciprocity and clinical decision of Emotional Connection (yes/no). We tested concurrent and construct validity of the WECS and associations with behavioural and physiological measures in preterm infants. METHODS Videos from 76 mothers-infants (gestational age 36 weeks) during an in-NICU caregiving paradigm were coded for maternal caregiving behaviour. Videos of mothers-infants were also obtained at 4 months during 10 minutes of face-to-face play (coded with WECS and for maternal positivity and infant social engagement) and the still-face paradigm (coded for infant behavioural approach towards mother; infant electrocardiogram acquired in vivo). RESULTS WECS maternal scores were positively associated with maternal sensitivity and quality of vocal contact at 36 weeks (caregiving) and maternal positivity at 4 months (face-to-face). WECS infant scores positively correlated with infant social engagement and maternal positivity during face-to-face interactions at 4 months. Infants from emotionally not connected dyads (vs. emotionally connected dyads) displayed autonomic dysregulation and less approach-seeking behaviour towards mother during interactive/play sessions of the still-face paradigm. CONCLUSION This preliminary evidence supports the WECS as a valid screen for rating mother-preterm infant emotional connection associated with healthier infant biobehavioural stress responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amie A. Hane
- Department of Psychology; Williams College; Williamstown MA USA
- Nurture Science Program; Department of Pediatrics; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | - Jasmine N. LaCoursiere
- Nurture Science Program; Department of Pediatrics; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | - Mai Mitsuyama
- Nurture Science Program; Department of Pediatrics; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | - Sarah Wieman
- Department of Psychology; Williams College; Williamstown MA USA
| | - Robert J. Ludwig
- Nurture Science Program; Department of Pediatrics; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | - Katie Y. Kwon
- Nurture Science Program; Department of Pediatrics; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | - Joy V. Browne
- Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora CO USA
- Fielding Graduate University; Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Judy Austin
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health; Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | - Michael M. Myers
- Nurture Science Program; Department of Pediatrics; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
- Developmental Neuroscience; Department of Psychiatry; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
| | - Martha G. Welch
- Nurture Science Program; Department of Pediatrics; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
- Developmental Neuroscience; Department of Psychiatry; Columbia University Medical Center; New York NY USA
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Schuetze P, Zhao J, Eiden RD, Shisler S, Huestis MA. Prenatal exposure to tobacco and marijuana and child autonomic regulation and reactivity: An analysis of indirect pathways via maternal psychopathology and parenting. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:1022-1034. [PMID: 30868568 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We examined a conceptual model for the associations of prenatal exposure to tobacco (PTE) and marijuana with child reactivity/regulation at 16 months of age. We hypothesized that PTE would be associated with autonomic reactivity and regulation that these associations would be indirect via maternal anger/hostility, depression/stress, or harsh parenting assessed at 2 months and that these effects would be most pronounced among children exposed to both tobacco and marijuana (PTME). Participants were 247 dyads (81 PTE, 97 PTME, and 69 nonexposed) who were followed up at 2 (N = 247) and 16 months (N = 238) of child age. Results from model testing indicated an indirect association between PTME and autonomic functioning during the second year of life, which was mediated by harsh parenting during caregiver-infant interactions. This study fills an important gap in the literature on PTE, PTME, and autonomic regulation during the toddler years, highlighting the role of maternal parenting as important intervening variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Schuetze
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York Buffalo State, Buffalo, New York.,Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Junru Zhao
- Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Rina D Eiden
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Shannon Shisler
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Marilyn A Huestis
- The Lambert Center for the Study of Medicinal Cannabis and Hemp, Thomas Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA
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30
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Luo L, Wu K, Lu Y, Gao S, Kong X, Lu F, Wu F, Wu H, Wang J. Increased Functional Connectivity Between Medulla and Inferior Parietal Cortex in Medication-Free Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:926. [PMID: 30618555 PMCID: PMC6295569 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has documented the abnormalities of primary brain functions in major depressive disorder (MDD). The brainstem has shown to play an important role in regulating basic functions of the human brain, but little is known about its role in MDD, especially the roles of its subregions. To uncover this, the present study adopted resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging with fine-grained brainstem atlas in 23 medication-free MDD patients and 34 matched healthy controls (HC). The analysis revealed significantly increased functional connectivity of the medulla, one of the brainstem subregions, with the inferior parietal cortex (IPC) in MDD patients. A positive correlation was further identified between the increased medulla-IPC functional connectivity and Hamilton anxiety scores. Functional characterization of the medulla and IPC using a meta-analysis revealed that both regions primarily participated in action execution and inhibition. Our findings suggest that increased medulla-IPC functional connectivity may be related to over-activity or abnormal control of negative emotions in MDD, which provides a new insight for the neurobiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Luo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunhua Wu
- Department of MRI, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Lu
- The Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shan Gao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,School of Foreign Languages, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangchao Kong
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengmei Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawang Wu
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojian Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Early experiences play a crucial role in programming brain function, affecting selective attention, learning, and memory. Infancy literature suggests an extension of the GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model to conditions with minimal priority-map inputs, yet suggests qualifications by noting that its efficacy is increased when tonic levels of arousal are maintained in an optimal range, in manners that are age and exposure dependent.
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Jones E, Pillay TD, Liu F, Luo L, Bazo-Alvarez JC, Yuan C, Zhao S, Chen Q, Li Y, Liao Q, Yu H, Rogier van Doorn H, Sabanathan S. Outcomes following severe hand foot and mouth disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:763-773. [PMID: 29778429 PMCID: PMC6148319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is associated with acute neurological disease in children. This study aimed to estimate the burden of long-term sequelae and death following severe HFMD. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis pooled all reports from English and Chinese databases including MEDLINE and Wangfang on outbreaks of clinically diagnosed HFMD and/or laboratory-confirmed EV-A71 with at least 7 days' follow-up published between 1st January 1966 and 19th October 2015. Two independent reviewers assessed the literature. We used a random effects meta-analysis to estimate cumulative incidence of neurological sequelae or death. Studies were assessed for methodological and reporting quality. PROSPERO registration number: 10.15124/CRD42015021981. FINDINGS 43 studies were included in the review, and 599 children from 9 studies were included in the primary analysis. Estimated cumulative incidence of death or neurological sequelae at maximum follow up was 19.8% (95% CI:10.2%, 31.3%). Heterogeneity (Iˆ2) was 88.57%, partly accounted for by year of data collection and reporting quality of studies. Incidence by acute disease severity was 0.00% (0.00, 0.00) for grade IIa; 17.0% (7.9, 28.2) for grade IIb/III; 81.6% (65.1, 94.5) for grade IV (p = 0.00) disease. CONCLUSIONS HFMD with neurological involvement is associated with a substantial burden of long-term neurological sequelae. Grade of acute disease severity was a strong predictor of outcome. Strengths of this study include its bilingual approach and clinical applicability. Future prospective and interventional studies must use rigorous methodology to assess long-term outcomes in survivors. FUNDING There was no specific funding for this study. See below for researcher funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eben Jones
- University Hospital Lewisham, National Health Service, London, UK
| | - Timesh D Pillay
- University Hospital Lewisham, National Health Service, London, UK.
| | - Fengfeng Liu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li Luo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Carlos Bazo-Alvarez
- Methodology Research Group, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Chen Yuan
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanlu Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaohong Liao
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - H Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ha Noi, Viet Nam; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Saraswathy Sabanathan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ha Noi, Viet Nam; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Weber A, Harrison TM, Steward D, Ludington-Hoe S. Paid Family Leave to Enhance the Health Outcomes of Preterm Infants. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2018; 19:11-28. [PMID: 30134774 DOI: 10.1177/1527154418791821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prematurity is the largest contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Preterm infants and their families are a significant vulnerable population burdened with limited resources, numerous health risks, and poor health outcomes. The social determinants of health greatly shape the economic and psychosocial resources that families possess to promote optimal outcomes for their preterm infants. The purposes of this article are to analyze the resource availability, relative risks, and health outcomes of preterm infants and their families and to discuss why universal paid family leave could be one potential public policy that would promote optimal outcomes for this infant population. First, we discuss the history of family leave in the United States and draw comparisons with other countries around the world. We use the vulnerable populations conceptual model as a framework to discuss why universal paid family leave is needed and to review how disparities in resource availability are driving the health status of preterm infants. We conclude with implications for research, nursing practice, and public policy. Although health care providers, policy makers, and other key stakeholders have paid considerable attention to and allocated resources for preventing and treating prematurity, this attention is geared toward individual-based health strategies for promoting preconception health, preventing a preterm birth, and improving individual infant outcomes. Our view is that public policies addressing the social determinants of health (e.g., universal paid family leave) would have a much greater impact on the health outcomes of preterm infants and their families than current strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Weber
- 1 University of Cincinnati College of Nursing, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tondi M Harrison
- 2 The Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Deborah Steward
- 2 The Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Susan Ludington-Hoe
- 3 Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Wass SV. How orchids concentrate? The relationship between physiological stress reactivity and cognitive performance during infancy and early childhood. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:34-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Geva R, Dital A, Ramon D, Yarmolovsky J, Gidron M, Kuint J. Brainstem as a developmental gateway to social attention. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:1351-1359. [PMID: 28504308 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolution preserves social attention due to its key role in supporting survival. Humans are attracted to social cues from infancy, but the neurobiological mechanisms for the development of social attention are unknown. An evolutionary-based, vertical-hierarchical theoretical model of self-regulation suggests that neonatal brainstem inputs are key for the development of well-regulated social attention. METHODS Neonates born preterm (N = 44, GA 34 w.) were recruited and diagnosed at birth as a function of their auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABR). Participants enrolled in a prospective 8-year-long, double-blind, follow-up study comparing participants with brainstem dysfunctions and well-matched controls. Groups had comparable fetal, neonatal, and familial characteristics. Methods incorporated EEG power analysis and gaze tracking during the Attention Network Test (ANT, four cue types, and two targets) and a Triadic Gaze Engagement task (TGE, three social cue levels). RESULTS Results showed that neonatal brainstem compromise is related to long-term changes in Alpha- and Theta-band power asymmetries (p < .034, p < .016, respectively), suggesting suppressed bottom-up input needed to alert social attention. Gaze tracking indicated dysregulated arousal-modulated attention (p < .004) and difficulty in gaze engagement to socially neutral compared to nonsocial cues (p < .012). CONCLUSIONS Integrating models of Autism and cross-species data with current long-term follow-up of infants with discrete neonatal brainstem dysfunction suggests neonatal brainstem input as a gateway for bottom-up regulation of social attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Geva
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ayelet Dital
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dan Ramon
- Psychology Department, Ashkelon College, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Jessica Yarmolovsky
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Maor Gidron
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jacob Kuint
- Neonatology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Zhang W, Finik J, Dana K, Glover V, Ham J, Nomura Y. Prenatal Depression and Infant Temperament: The Moderating Role of Placental Gene Expression. INFANCY 2017; 23:211-231. [PMID: 30393466 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated the link between maternal depression during pregnancy (i.e., prenatal depression) and increased neurodevelopmental dysregulation in offspring. However, little is known about the roles of key hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulatory genes in the placenta modulating this association. This study will examine whether placental gene expression levels of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD11B2), glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1), and mineralocorticoid receptor (NR3C2) can help elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking prenatal depression to infant temperament, particularly in infants with high negativity and low emotion regulation. Stored placenta tissues (N = 153) were used to quantify messenger ribonucleic acid levels of HSD11B2, NR3C1, and NR3C2. Assessments of prenatal depression and infant temperament at 6 months of age were ascertained via maternal report. Results found that prenatal depression was associated with increased Negative Affectivity (p < .05) after controlling for postnatal depression and psychosocial characteristics. Furthermore, the association between prenatal depression and Negative Affectivity was moderated by gene expression levels of HSD11B2, NR3C1, and NR3C2 such that greater gene expression significantly lessened the association between prenatal depression and Negative Affectivity. Our findings suggest that individual differences in placental gene expression may be used as an early marker of susceptibility or resilience to prenatal adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackie Finik
- Queens College, CUNY and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, CUNY
| | - Kathryn Dana
- Queens College, CUNY and The Graduate Center, CUNY
| | | | - Jacob Ham
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Queens College, CUNY and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and The Graduate Center, CUNY
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Nagy E, Pilling K, Watt R, Pal A, Orvos H. Neonates' responses to repeated exposure to a still face. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181688. [PMID: 28771555 PMCID: PMC5542453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The main aims of the study were to examine whether human neonates' responses to communication disturbance modelled by the still-face paradigm were stable and whether their responses were affected by their previous experience with the still-face paradigm. METHODS The still face procedure, as a laboratory model of interpersonal stress, was administered repeatedly, twice, to 84 neonates (0 to 4 day olds), with a delay of an average of 1.25 day. RESULTS Frame-by-frame analysis of the frequency and duration of gaze, distressed face, crying, sleeping and sucking behaviours showed that the procedure was stressful to them both times, that is, the still face effect was stable after repeated administration and newborns consistently responded to such nonverbal violation of communication. They averted their gaze, showed distress and cried more during the still-face phase in both the first and the second administration. They also showed a carry-over effect in that they continued to avert their gaze and displayed increased distress and crying in the first reunion period, but their gaze behaviour changed with experience, in the second administration. While in the first administration the babies continued averting their gaze even after the stressful still-face phase was over, this carry-over effect disappeared in the second administration, and the babies significantly increased their gaze following the still-face phase. CONCLUSION After excluding explanations of fatigue, habituation and random effects, a self-other regulatory model is discussed as a possible explanation for this pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Nagy
- Psychology, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD14HN, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Karen Pilling
- Psychology, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD14HN, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Watt
- Psychology, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, DD14HN, United Kingdom
| | - Attila Pal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Orvos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Inui T, Kumagaya S, Myowa-Yamakoshi M. Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis about the Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:354. [PMID: 28744208 PMCID: PMC5504094 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous models or hypotheses of autism spectral disorder (ASD) failed to take into full consideration the chronological and causal developmental trajectory, leading to the emergence of diverse phenotypes through a complex interaction between individual etiologies and environmental factors. Those phenotypes include persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction (criteria A in DSM-5), and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (criteria B in DSM-5). In this article, we proposed a domain-general model that can explain criteria in DSM-5 based on the assumption that the same etiological mechanism would trigger the various phenotypes observed in different individuals with ASD. In the model, we assumed the following joint causes as the etiology of autism: (1) Hypoplasia of the pons in the brainstem, occurring immediately following neural tube closure; and (2) Deficiency in the GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) developmental switch during the perinatal period. Microstructural abnormalities of the pons directly affect both the structural and functional development of the brain areas strongly connected to it, especially amygdala. The impairment of GABA switch could not only lead to the deterioration of inhibitory processing in the neural network, but could also cause abnormal cytoarchitecture. We introduced a perspective that atypical development in both brain structure and function can give full explanation of diverse phenotypes and pathogenetic mechanism of ASD. Finally, we discussed about neural mechanisms underlying the phenotypic characteristics of ASD that are not described in DSM-5 but should be considered as important foundation: sleep, global precedence, categorical perception, intelligence, interoception and motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Inui
- Department of Psychology, Otemon Gakuin UniversityOsaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kumagaya
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
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Development of comorbid crying, sleeping, feeding problems across infancy: Neurodevelopmental vulnerability and parenting. Early Hum Dev 2017; 109:37-43. [PMID: 28433797 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory problems (excessive crying, feeding, and sleeping difficulties), specifically their comorbidity, are early warning signs of future problems. Insensitive parenting and neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities have been suggested as factors explaining development or maintenance of regulatory problems. Nevertheless, none of the previous studies investigated these factors within the same sample across infancy, taking into account the reciprocal influences between maternal sensitivity and regulatory problems. AIM To investigate the prospective association between very preterm birth, comorbid regulatory problems and maternal sensitivity. SUBJECTS 178 participants including 73 very preterm/very low birth weight and 105 full-term infants and their caretakers. STUDY DESIGN A prospective study from birth to 18months. MEASURES Regulatory problems were measured at term, 3months and 18months with a structured parental interview. Maternal sensitivity was measured with a nurse observation at term; and a researcher observation of play tasks at 3months and at 18months. RESULTS Very preterm birth was associated with regulatory problems at term (β=0.19, SE=0.10, p<0.05) and at 18months (β=0.21, SE=0.10, p<0.05), while it had no association to maternal sensitivity across infancy. There were no cross-lagged reciprocal effects between maternal sensitivity and regulatory problems across infancy. Maternal sensitivity at term had a negative association to regulatory problems at 3months (β=-0.26, SE=0.12, p<0.05), but not from 3 to 18months. CONCLUSIONS Neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities provided more consistent prediction of regulatory problems in comparison to sensitive parenting.
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Brainstem shape is affected by clinical course in the neonatal intensive care unit. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 15:62-70. [PMID: 28491493 PMCID: PMC5412108 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The brainstem, critical for motor function, autonomic regulation, and many neurocognitive functions, undergoes rapid development from the third trimester. Accordingly, we hypothesized it would be vulnerable to insult during this period, and that a difficult clinical course in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) would affect development, and be reflected through atypical shape. Our study population consisted of 66 neonates - all inpatients from the NICU at Victoria Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, ON, Canada, of which 45 entered the final analysis. The cohort varied in gestational age (GA) and ranged from neurologically healthy to severely brain-injured. Structural MRI was used to quantify brainstem shape at term-equivalent age. From these images, brainstems were semi-automatically segmented and co-registered across subjects. The anterior-posterior dimensions on a sagittal maximum intensity projection were used as the basis for shape comparison. Factor analysis was used to summarize variation in shape and in clinical course to determine three shape factors and three clinical factors, and their relationship assessed using correlation. A factor driven by low GA and associated complications correlated with alterations in the posterior medulla, while a factor driven by complications independent of GA correlated with alterations in the midbrain. Additionally, single clinical measures most representative of their respective clinical factor (days in NICU; days on ventilation) predicted the changes. Thus, different clinical courses in the NICU may have different effects on the shape of the brainstem, and may mediate some of the distinct neurodevelopmental profiles observed in premature and brain-injured neonates.
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Schuetze P, Eiden RD, Colder CR, Huestis MA, Leonard KE. Prenatal Risk and Infant Regulation: Indirect Pathways via Fetal Growth and Maternal Prenatal Stress and Anger. Child Dev 2017; 89:e123-e137. [PMID: 28383108 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pathways from maternal tobacco, marijuana, stress, and anger in pregnancy to infant reactivity and regulation (RR) at 9 months of infant age were examined in a low-income, diverse sample beginning in the first trimester of pregnancy, with fetal growth and postnatal stress/anger as potential mediators, and infant sex as a moderator. Participants were 247 dyads (173 substance-exposed infants). There were no direct effects of prenatal risk on RR and no moderation by sex. However, there were significant indirect effects on RR via poor fetal growth and higher postnatal anger. The study adds to the sparse literature on joint effects of tobacco and marijuana, and highlights the role of fetal growth and maternal anger as important pathways from prenatal risk to infant RR.
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Yarmolovsky J, Szwarc T, Schwartz M, Tirosh E, Geva R. Hot executive control and response to a stimulant in a double-blind randomized trial in children with ADHD. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:73-82. [PMID: 26966012 PMCID: PMC5253147 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to involve an executive inhibitory control (IC) deficit, yet it is not clear if this is a general deficit affecting both cold and hot EC, and if methylphenidate (MPH) affects both systems in treated children. We explored this by using a Stroop-like task in children with ADHD as compared to controls, containing different types of emotional stimuli (six levels), and we investigated the role of intervention with MPH on IC as compared to placebo. Children with ADHD and controls (N = 40; 7-13 years old) were tested with a hot and cold Stroop-like task. This was followed by a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial of the effect of MPH on these skills. Children with ADHD showed a specific difficulty inhibiting their responses, particularly to hot, angry and frustration-inducing stimuli. Further, treatment with MPH was effective in reducing errors toward frustration-inducing stimuli as compared to placebo (p < .05, η 2 = .347), particularly with repeated exposure to the stimuli. Results indicate that children with ADHD experience executive control difficulties, particularly in hot negative emotional contexts. These emotion regulation difficulties are amenable to stimulant intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Yarmolovsky
- 0000 0004 1937 0503grid.22098.31The Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0503grid.22098.31Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tamar Szwarc
- 0000 0004 1937 0503grid.22098.31Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Miguel Schwartz
- The Hannah Khoushy Child Development Center, TheBnei Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel ,0000000121102151grid.6451.6The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Emanuel Tirosh
- The Hannah Khoushy Child Development Center, TheBnei Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel ,0000000121102151grid.6451.6The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ronny Geva
- The Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Prenatal maternal depression and child serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genotype predict negative emotionality from 3 to 36 months. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 29:901-917. [PMID: 27427178 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal depression and a multilocus genetic profile of two susceptibility genes implicated in the stress response were examined in an interaction model predicting negative emotionality in the first 3 years. In 179 mother-infant dyads from the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability, and Neurodevelopment cohort, prenatal depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depressions Scale) was assessed at 24 to 36 weeks. The multilocus genetic profile score consisted of the number of susceptibility alleles from the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region gene (5-HTTLPR): no long-rs25531(A) (LA: short/short, short/long-rs25531(G) [LG], or LG/LG] vs. any LA) and the dopamine receptor D4 gene (six to eight repeats vs. two to five repeats). Negative emotionality was extracted from the Infant Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised at 3 and 6 months and the Early Child Behavior Questionnaire at 18 and 36 months. Mixed and confirmatory regression analyses indicated that prenatal depression and the multilocus genetic profile interacted to predict negative emotionality from 3 to 36 months. The results were characterized by a differential susceptibility model at 3 and 6 months and by a diathesis-stress model at 36 months.
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44
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Wass SV, Clackson K, de Barbaro K. Temporal dynamics of arousal and attention in 12-month-old infants. Dev Psychobiol 2016; 58:623-39. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. V. Wass
- University of East London; Water London London, E15 4LZ
- University of Cambridge, Free School Lane; Cambridge, CB2 3RQ United Kingdom
| | - K. Clackson
- University of Cambridge, Free School Lane; Cambridge, CB2 3RQ United Kingdom
| | - K. de Barbaro
- Georgia Institute of Technology; North Ave NW Atlanta GA 30332
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with sleep disorders tend to experience attention problems, yet little is known about the relationship between sleep and attention in early development. This prospective follow-up study investigated the longitudinal relationships between neonatal sleep, attention, and distraction in infants born preterm. METHOD We used actigraphy and sleep-wake diaries in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU, N = 65), attention orienting in a visual-recognition-memory task (VRM) at age 4 months, and structured observation of attention and distractibility at age 18 months. RESULTS Infants with poorer neonatal sleep (n = 31) exhibited longer first gaze durations in the VRM at 4 months and longer distraction episodes at 18 months relative to neonatal controls who slept well (p < .01). Hierarchical regression models support relations between neonatal sleep and gaze behavior at 4 months and distractibility at 18 months; moreover, alterations in orienting attention at 4 months predicted the likelihood of being distracted during the second year of life. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the importance of early sleep-wake and attention regulation in the development of distraction in infants born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Geva
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hagit Yaron
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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46
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Hanaie R, Mohri I, Kagitani-Shimono K, Tachibana M, Matsuzaki J, Hirata I, Nagatani F, Watanabe Y, Fujita N, Taniike M. White matter volume in the brainstem and inferior parietal lobule is related to motor performance in children with autism spectrum disorder: A voxel-based morphometry study. Autism Res 2016; 9:981-92. [PMID: 26808675 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported poor motor performance in autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, the underlying brain mechanisms remain unclear. Recent neuroimaging studies have suggested that abnormalities of the white matter (WM) are related to the features of ASD. In this study, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate which WM regions correlate with motor performance in children with ASD, and whether the WM volume in those brain regions differed between children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children. The subjects included 19 children with ASD and 20 TD controls. Motor performance was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2 (M-ABC 2). Children with ASD showed poorer motor performance than did the controls. There was a significant positive correlation between the total test score on the M-ABC 2 and the volume of WM in the brainstem and WM adjacent to the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG). In addition, compared with the TD controls, children with ASD had a decreased volume of WM in the brainstem and adjacent to the left intraparietal sulcus, which is close to the SMG. These findings suggest that structural changes in the WM in the brainstem and left inferior parietal lobule may contribute to poor motor performance in children with ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 981-992. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuzo Hanaie
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuko Mohri
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kuriko Kagitani-Shimono
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaya Tachibana
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hirata
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Nagatani
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norihiko Fujita
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masako Taniike
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Division of Developmental Neuroscience, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Wu YC, Hsieh WS, Hsu CH, Chang JH, Chou HC, Hsu HC, Chiu NC, Lee WT, Chen WJ, Ho YW, Jeng SF. Intervention effects on emotion regulation in preterm infants with very low birth weight: A randomize controlled trial. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 48:1-12. [PMID: 26524725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Preterm infants are at risk for emotional difficulties and behavioral problems. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of a clinic-based intervention program (CBIP) and a home-based intervention program (HBIP) compared with a usual care program (UCP) on emotion regulation to stress in preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight <1500 g). A total of 178 VLBW preterm infants had been previously randomly assigned to receive one of three interventions (57 in CBIP, 63 in HBIP and 58 in UCP). The CBIP and HBIP contained identical child-, parent- and dyad-focused interventions that were provided to infants during hospitalization and were respectively delivered at clinics and at home at PMA 36-38 and 40 weeks, and 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 months of corrected age. All infants were prospectively observed for behavioral reactivity and regulation in response to experimentally evoke stress evoked by a toy-behind-barrier procedure at 12, 18, and 24 months of corrected age. Their cognitive and language abilities, and mothers' responsiveness were also assessed at 12 months as potential covariates. Compared to the UCP-group infants, the HBIP-group infants exhibited shorter durations of visual orientation to a toy (adjusted difference [95% CI]=-1.60 [-3.07 to -0.13], p=0.03), and the CBIP-group infants exhibited shorter durations of avoidance (adjusted difference [95% CI]=-0.84 [-1.57 to -0.10], p=0.03) from 12 to 24 months of corrected age. The CBIP and HBIP showed no difference in the stress reactivity from the UCP, however. These results suggest that comprehensive interventions incorporating child-, parent- and dyad-focused services enhanced VLBW preterm infants' emotion regulation in response to stress at toddler age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chin Wu
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Shiun Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chyong-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsing Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chieh Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chin Hsu
- Department of Child and Family Development, University of Georgia, GA, USA
| | - Nan-Chang Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-J Chen
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Ho
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Fang Jeng
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Physical Therapy Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Mutual influences between child emotion regulation and parent–child reciprocity support development across the first 10 years of life: Implications for developmental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 27:1007-23. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractElucidating the mechanisms by which infant birth conditions shape development across lengthy periods is critical for understanding typical and pathological development and for targeted early interventions. This study examined how newborns' regulatory capacities impact 10-year outcomes via the bidirectional influences of child emotion regulation (ER) and reciprocal parenting across early development. Guided by dynamic systems theory, 125 infants were tested at seven time points: birth, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months and 5 and 10 years. Initial regulatory conditions were measured by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; vagal tone) and neurobehavioral regulation (Brazelton, 1973) at birth. At each assessment between 3 months and 5 years, infant ER was microcoded from age-appropriate paradigms and mother–child reciprocity observed during social interactions. Four regulation-related outcomes were measured at 10 years: child RSA, empathy measured by mother–child conflict discussion and a lab paradigm, accident proneness, and behavior problems. An autoregressive cross-lagged structural model indicated that infant birth conditions impacted 10-year outcomes via three mechanisms. First, child ER and reciprocal parenting were individually stable across development and were each predicted by regulatory birth conditions, describing gradual maturation of ER and reciprocity over time. Second, better ER skills at one time point were related to greater reciprocity at the next time point and vice versa, and these cross-time effects defined a field of individual-context mutual influences that mediated the links between neonatal RSA and 10-year outcomes. Third, direct associations emerged between neonatal regulation and outcome, suggesting that birth conditions may establish a neurobiological milieu that promotes a more mature and resilient system. These mechanisms describe distinct “attractor” states that constrain the system's future options, emphasize the importance of defining behavior-based phenotypes of heterotypic continuity, and suggest that infants may shape their development by initiating unique cascades of individual-context bidirectional effects.
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Infant negative reactivity defines the effects of parent–child synchrony on physiological and behavioral regulation of social stress. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 27:1191-204. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHow infants shape their own development has puzzled developmentalists for decades. Recent models suggest that infant dispositions, particularly negative reactivity and regulation, affect outcome by determining the extent of parental effects. Here, we used a microanalytic experimental approach and proposed that infants with varying levels of negative reactivity will be differentially impacted by parent–infant synchrony in predicting physiological and behavioral regulation of increasing social stress during an experimental paradigm. One hundred and twenty-two mother–infant dyads (4–6 months) were observed in the face-to-face still face (SF) paradigm and randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: SF with touch, standard SF, and SF with arms’ restraint. Mother–infant synchrony and infant negative reactivity were observed at baseline, and three mechanisms of behavior regulation were microcoded; distress, disengagement, and social regulation. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia baseline, reactivity, and recovery were quantified. Structural equation modeling provided support for our hypothesis. For physiological regulation, infants high in negative reactivity receiving high mother–infant synchrony showed greater vagal withdrawal, which in turn predicted comparable levels of vagal recovery to that of nonreactive infants. In behavioral regulation, only infants low in negative reactivity who received high synchrony were able to regulate stress by employing social engagement cues during the SF phase. Distress was reduced only among calm infants to highly synchronous mothers, and disengagement was lowest among highly reactive infants experiencing high mother–infant synchrony. Findings chart two pathways by which synchrony may bolster regulation in infants of high and low reactivity. Among low reactive infants, synchrony builds a social repertoire for handling interpersonal stress, whereas in highly reactive infants, it constructs a platform for repeated reparation of momentary interactive “failures” and reduces the natural tendency of stressed infants to disengage from source of distress. Implications for the construction of synchrony-focused interventions targeting infants of varying dispositions are discussed.
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Aldrete-Cortez V, Schnaas L, Poblano A, Carrillo-Mora P, Olivas-Peña E, Bello-Muñoz JC, Guzmán-Huerta M, Mansilla-Olivares A. Effect of late-onset fetal growth restriction on organization of behavioral state in infants. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:902-8. [PMID: 25807994 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze whether late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) alters regulatory capability in infants, and whether this can be detected using both the neonatal behavior assessment scale (NBAS) and brainstem auditory-evoked potentials (BAEP). METHODS The diagnosis of FGR was made on Doppler examination in the third trimester of pregnancy. NBAS and BAEP measurement were performed at 1 month of corrected postnatal age. RESULTS The group with late-onset FGR was integrated with 17 infants and the control group consisted of 14 subjects. The NBAS range of state score, which reflects organization of behavioral state, was low in infants with late-onset FGR. No differences were found in BAEP between groups. No association between NBAS and BAEP was detected. CONCLUSION Late-onset FGR has a deleterious effect on NBAS range of state, but possibly does not alter BAEP response. It is proposed that regulatory capabilities in the neonatal period play a primary role in subtle cognitive difficulties in infants with late-onset FGR in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Aldrete-Cortez
- Faculty of Psychology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology (INper).,School of Psychology of Panamericana University (UP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology (INper)
| | - Adrián Poblano
- Clinic of Sleep Disorders, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).,Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Subdivision of Neurobiology, National Institute of Rehabilitation
| | - Paul Carrillo-Mora
- Department of Neuroscience, Subdivision of Neurobiology, National Institute of Rehabilitation
| | - Efraín Olivas-Peña
- Department of Perinatal Neurology, National Institute of Perinatology (INper)
| | | | - Mario Guzmán-Huerta
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, National Institute of Perinatology (INper)
| | - Armando Mansilla-Olivares
- Ministry of Health (SSA), Coordination of National Institutes of Health and High-Specialization Hospitals, Mexico
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