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Rothenberger A, Heinrich H. Co-Occurrence of Tic Disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-Does It Reflect a Common Neurobiological Background? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112950. [PMID: 36428518 PMCID: PMC9687745 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-existence of tic disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (TD + ADHD) has proven to be highly important in daily clinical practice. The factor ADHD is not only associated with further comorbidities, but also has a long-term negative psychosocial effect, while the factor TD is usually less disturbing for the major part of the patients. It remains unclear how far this is related to a different neurobiological background of the associated disorders or whether TD + ADHD reflects a common one. OBJECTIVE This review provides an update on the neurobiological background of TD + ADHD in order to better understand and treat this clinical problem, while clarifying whether an additive model of TD + ADHD holds true and should be used as a basis for further clinical recommendations. METHOD A comprehensive research of the literature was conducted and analyzed, including existing clinical guidelines for both TD and ADHD. Besides genetical and environmental risk factors, brain structure and functions, neurophysiological processes and neurotransmitter systems were reviewed. RESULTS Only a limited number of empirical studies on the neurobiological background of TD and ADHD have taken the peculiarity of co-existing TD + ADHD into consideration, and even less studies have used a 2 × 2 factorial design in order to disentangle the impact/effects of the factors of TD versus those of ADHD. Nevertheless, the assumption that TD + ADHD can best be seen as an additive model at all levels of investigation was strengthened, although some overlap of more general, disorder non-specific aspects seem to exist. CONCLUSION Beyond stress-related transdiagnostic aspects, separate specific disturbances in certain neuronal circuits may lead to disorder-related symptoms inducing TD + ADHD in an additive way. Hence, within a classificatory categorical framework, the dimensional aspects of multilevel diagnostic-profiling seem to be a helpful precondition for personalized decisions on counselling and disorder-specific treatment in TD + ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aribert Rothenberger
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Hartmut Heinrich
- Neurocare Group, 80331 Munich, Germany
- Kbo-Heckscher-Klinikum, 81539 Munich, Germany
- Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, 6524 AD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Frontal EEG alpha-delta ratio and social anxiety across early adolescence. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 175:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Rothenberger A, Heinrich H. Electrophysiology Echoes Brain Dynamics in Children and Adolescents With Tourette Syndrome-A Developmental Perspective. Front Neurol 2021; 12:587097. [PMID: 33658971 PMCID: PMC7917116 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.587097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the complex clinical picture of motor and vocal tics in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome (TS) must be paralleled by changes in the underlying pathophysiology. Electrophysiological methods such as EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) are non-invasive, safe and easy to apply and thus seem to provide an adequate means to investigate brain dynamics during this brain maturational period. Also, electrophysiology is characterized by a high time resolution and can reflect motor, sensory and cognitive aspects as well as sleep behavior. Hence, this narrative review focuses on how electrophysiology echoes brain dynamics during development of youngsters with TS and might be useful for the treatment of tics. A comprehensive picture of developmental brain dynamics could be revealed showing that electrophysiological parameters evolve concurrently with clinical characteristics of TS. Specifically, evidence for a maturational delay of motor inhibition related to cortico-spinal hyper-excitability and brain mechanisms for its cognitive compensation could be shown. Moreover, deviant sleep parameters and probably a stronger perception-action binding were reported. For neuromodulatory treatments (e.g., neurofeedback; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, rTMS/transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS) targeting neuronal deficits and/or strengthening compensatory brain mechanisms, pilot studies support the possibility of positive effects regarding tic reduction. Finally, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as a highly frequent co-existing disorder with TS, has to be considered when using and interpreting electrophysiological measures in TS. In conclusion, application of electrophysiology seems to be promising regarding clinical and research aspects in youngsters with TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aribert Rothenberger
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Heinrich
- neuroCare Group, Munich, Germany.,kbo-Heckscher-Klinikum, Munich, Germany.,Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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4
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Rostami M, Khosrowabadi R, Albrecht B, Rothenberger A, Pouretemad H. Classifying ADHD subtypes/presentations considering the joint effect of three levels of investigation. Nord J Psychiatry 2021; 75:31-37. [PMID: 33393425 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2020.1787512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Discriminant validity of the Attention Deficits/Hyperactive Disorders (ADHD) subtypes/presentations is not yet clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate joint contribution of the strongest factors of the three dimensions, namely psychopathology, neuropsychology and electrophysiology for subtyping of presentations. METHOD A sample of 104 boys aged 7-12 years was subdivided into three groups with ADHD combined (n = 22), inattentive (n = 25) and hyperactive/impulsive subtype (n = 14), and 43 typically developing controls (TDC). Children were investigated regarding the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Integrated Visual and Auditory Test (IVA), and EEG spectral power during eyes closed resting state. Subsequently, statistical analysis included discriminant functional analysis and principle component analysis. RESULTS Neuropsychological parameters had the highest contribution in classifying of the groups. EEG parameters had no effect on differentiation of the groups, and among the psychopathological parameters, only the oppositional behavioral disorder score contributed to correctly classify 74.3% of the groups. Furthermore, we found four factors with eigenvalues higher than 1 in the ADHD and typical groups, with one factor characterized by four CBCL scales, another one by auditory and visual vigilance, speed and beta band power, the third by auditory and visual prudence, and forth by theta band power. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that ADHD subtypes/presentations can be differentiated from each other at different levels of investigation despite some clinical symptoms overlap. The results suggested that not only psychopathology but also the impairment of sensory processing should be assessed in children with ADHD in order to use this additional information for a jointly multilevel clinical intervention, which may improve treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rostami
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khosrowabadi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Björn Albrecht
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hamidreza Pouretemad
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Rostami M, Khosrowabadi R, Albrecht B, Pouretemad H, Rothenberger A. ADHD subtypes: Do they hold beyond core symptoms? A multilevel testing of an additive model. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2020; 11:280-290. [DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1806067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rostami
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khosrowabadi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Björn Albrecht
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centers of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hamidreza Pouretemad
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centers of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Panda EJ, Emami Z, Valiante TA, Pang EW. EEG phase synchronization during semantic unification relates to individual differences in children's vocabulary skill. Dev Sci 2020; 24:e12984. [PMID: 32384181 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As we listen to speech, our ability to understand what was said requires us to retrieve and bind together individual word meanings into a coherent discourse representation. This so-called semantic unification is a fundamental cognitive skill, and its development relies on the integration of neural activity throughout widely distributed functional brain networks. In this proof-of-concept study, we examine, for the first time, how these functional brain networks develop in children. Twenty-six children (ages 4-17) listened to well-formed sentences and sentences containing a semantic violation, while EEG was recorded. Children with stronger vocabulary showed N400 effects that were more concentrated to centroparietal electrodes and greater EEG phase synchrony (phase lag index; PLI) between right centroparietal and bilateral frontocentral electrodes in the delta frequency band (1-3 Hz) 1.27-1.53 s after listening to well-formed sentences compared to sentences containing a semantic violation. These effects related specifically to individual differences in receptive vocabulary, perhaps pointing to greater recruitment of functional brain networks important for top-down semantic unification with development. Less skilled children showed greater delta phase synchrony for violation sentences 3.41-3.64 s after critical word onset. This later effect was partly driven by individual differences in nonverbal reasoning, perhaps pointing to non-verbal compensatory processing to extract meaning from speech in children with less developed vocabulary. We suggest that functional brain network communication, as measured by momentary changes in the phase synchrony of EEG oscillations, develops throughout the school years to support language comprehension in different ways depending on children's verbal and nonverbal skill levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J Panda
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Epilespy Research Program of the Ontario Brain Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zahra Emami
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taufik A Valiante
- Epilespy Research Program of the Ontario Brain Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Epilespy Research Program of the Ontario Brain Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Sari Gokten E, Tulay EE, Beser B, Elagoz Yuksel M, Arikan K, Tarhan N, Metin B. Predictive Value of Slow and Fast EEG Oscillations for Methylphenidate Response in ADHD. Clin EEG Neurosci 2019; 50:332-338. [PMID: 31304784 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419863206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder and is characterized by symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. In the current study, we obtained quantitative EEG (QEEG) recordings of 51 children aged between 6 and 12 years before the initiation of methylphenidate treatment. The relationship between changes in the scores of ADHD symptoms and initial QEEG features (power/power ratios values) were assessed. In addition, the children were classified as responder and nonresponder according to the ratio of their response to the medication (>25% improvement after medication). Logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the accuracy of QEEG features for predicting responders. The findings indicate that patients with increased delta power at F8, theta power at Fz, F4, C3, Cz, T5, and gamma power at T6 and decreased beta powers at F8 and P3 showed more improvement in ADHD hyperactivity symptoms. In addition, increased delta/beta power ratio at F8 and theta/beta power ratio at F8, F3, Fz, F4, C3, Cz, P3, and T5 showed negative correlations with Conners' score difference of hyperactivity as well. This means, those with greater theta/beta and delta/beta powers showed more improvement in hyperactivity following medication. Theta power at Cz and T5 and theta/beta power ratios at C3, Cz, and T5 have significantly classified responders and nonresponders according to the logistic binary regression analysis. The results show that slow and fast oscillations may have predictive value for treatment response in ADHD. Future studies should seek for more sensitive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Sari Gokten
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NPIstanbul Brain Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Elif Tulay
- 2 Technology Transfer Office, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birsu Beser
- 3 Neuroscience Department, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Elagoz Yuksel
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NPIstanbul Brain Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kemal Arikan
- 4 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Tarhan
- 4 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,5 Department of Psychiatry, NPIstanbul Brain Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Metin
- 4 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Missonnier P, Curtis L, Ventura J, Herrmann FR, Merlo MCG. Differences of temporal dynamics and signal complexity of gamma band oscillations in first-episode psychosis during a working memory task. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:853-862. [PMID: 28466380 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gamma band oscillations participate in the temporal binding needed to synchronize cortical networks, involved in early sensory and short term memory processes. In earlier studies, alterations of these neurophysiological parameters have been found in psychotic disorders. To date no study has explored the temporal dynamics and signal complexity of gamma band oscillations in first episode psychosis (FEP). To address this issue, gamma band analysis was performed in 15 FEP patients and 18 healthy controls who successfully performed an adapted 2-back working memory task. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were computed to explore the relationship between the cognitive status and gamma oscillation changes over time. Based on regression model results, phase diagrams were constructed and their complexity was estimated using fractal dimension, a mathematical tool that describes shapes as numeric values. When adjusted for gamma values at time lags -3 to -4 ms and -15 to -16 ms, FEP patients displayed significantly higher time-dependent changes than controls, independently of the nature of the task. The present results are consistent with a discoordination of the activity of cortical generators engaged by the stimulus apparition in FEP patients, leading to a global binding deficit. In addition, fractal analysis showing higher complexity of gamma signal, confirmed this deficit. Our results provide evidence for recruitment of supplementary cortical generators as compensating mechanisms and yield further understanding for the pathophysiology cognitive impairments in FEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Missonnier
- Unit of Psychiatric Neuroscience and Psychotherapy, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland. .,Mental Health Network Fribourg (RFSM), Sector of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy for Adults, L'Hôpital 140, Case postale 90, 1633, Marsens, Switzerland.
| | - Logos Curtis
- Young Adult Psychiatry Unit, Division of Specialized Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue de Lausanne 67, Genève, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Ventura
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Department of Psychiatry, 300 Medical Plaza, Room 2243, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-6968, USA
| | - François R Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, 3 chemin Pont-Bochet, Thônex, 1226, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marco C G Merlo
- Unit of Psychiatric Neuroscience and Psychotherapy, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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9
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Albrecht B, Uebel-von Sandersleben H, Gevensleben H, Rothenberger A. Pathophysiology of ADHD and associated problems-starting points for NF interventions? Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:359. [PMID: 26157377 PMCID: PMC4478393 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by severe and age-inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. ADHD is a heterogeneous disorder, and the majority of patients show comorbid or associated problems from other psychiatric disorders. Also, ADHD is associated with cognitive and motivational problems as well as resting-state abnormalities, associated with impaired brain activity in distinct neuronal networks. This needs to be considered in a multimodal treatment, of which neurofeedback (NF) may be a promising component. During NF, specific brain activity is fed-back using visual or auditory signals, allowing the participants to gain control over these otherwise unaware neuronal processes. NF may be used to directly improve underlying neuronal deficits, and/or to establish more general self-regulatory skills that may be used to compensate behavioral difficulties. The current manuscript describes pathophysiological characteristics of ADHD, heterogeneity of ADHD subtypes and gender differences, as well as frequently associated behavioral problems such as oppositional defiant/conduct or tic disorder. It is discussed how NF may be helpful as a treatment approach within these contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Albrecht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Holger Gevensleben
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Farkas A, Bluschke A, Roessner V, Beste C. Neurofeedback and its possible relevance for the treatment of Tourette syndrome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 51:87-99. [PMID: 25616186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurofeedback is an increasingly recognized therapeutic option in various neuropsychiatric disorders to treat dysfunctions in cognitive control as well as disorder-specific symptoms. In this review we propose that neurofeedback may also reflect a valuable therapeutic option to treat executive control functions in Gilles-de-la-Tourette syndrome (GTS). Deficits in executive control functions when ADHD symptoms appear in GTS likely reflect pathophysiological processes in cortico-thalamic-striatal circuits and may also underlie the motor symptoms in GTS. Such executive control deficits evident in comorbid GTS/ADHD depend on neurophysiological processes well-known to be modifiable by neurofeedback. However, so far efforts to use neurofeedback to treat cognitive dysfunctions are scarce. We outline why neurofeedback should be considered a promising treatment option, what forms of neurofeedback may prove to be most effective and how neurofeedback may be implemented in existing intervention strategies to treat comorbid GTS/ADHD and associated dysfunctions in cognitive control. As cognitive control deficits in GTS mostly appear in comorbid GTS/ADHD, neurofeedback may be most useful in this frequent combination of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniko Farkas
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Annet Bluschke
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany.
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11
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Gevensleben H, Albrecht B, Lütcke H, Auer T, Dewiputri WI, Schweizer R, Moll G, Heinrich H, Rothenberger A. Neurofeedback of slow cortical potentials: neural mechanisms and feasibility of a placebo-controlled design in healthy adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:990. [PMID: 25566020 PMCID: PMC4263073 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate basic mechanisms underlying neurofeedback we investigated neural mechanisms of training of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) by considering EEG- and fMRI. Additionally, we analyzed the feasibility of a double-blind, placebo-controlled design in NF research based on regulation performance during treatment sessions and self-assessment of the participants. Twenty healthy adults participated in 16 sessions of SCPs training: 9 participants received regular SCP training, 11 participants received sham feedback. At three time points (pre, intermediate, post) fMRI and EEG/ERP-measurements were conducted during a continuous performance test (CPT). Performance-data during the sessions (regulation performance) in the treatment group and the placebo group were analyzed. Analysis of EEG-activity revealed in the SCP group a strong enhancement of the CNV (electrode Cz) at the intermediate assessment, followed by a decrease back to baseline at the post-treatment assessment. In contrast, in the placebo group a continuous but smaller increase of the CNV could be obtained from pre to post assessment. The increase of the CNV in the SCP group at intermediate testing was superior to the enhancement in the placebo group. The changes of the CNV were accompanied by a continuous improvement in the test performance of the CPT from pre to intermediate to post assessment comparable in both groups. The change of the CNV in the SCP group is interpreted as an indicator of neural plasticity and efficiency while an increase of the CNV in the placebo group might reflect learning and improved timing due to the frequent task repetition. In the fMRI analysis evidence was obtained for neuronal plasticity. After regular SCP neurofeedback activation in the posterior parietal cortex decreased from the pre- to the intermediate measurement and increased again in the post measurement, inversely following the U-shaped increase and decrease of the tCNV EEG amplitude in the SCP-trained group. Furthermore, we found a localized increase of activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Analyses of the estimation of treatment assignment by the participants indicate feasibility of blinding. Participants could not assess treatment assignment confidently. Participants of the SCP-group improved regulation capability during treatment sessions (in contrast to the participants of the placebo-group), although regulation capability appeared to be instable, presumably due to diminished confidence in the training (SCP- or sham-training). Our results indicate that SCP training in healthy adults might lead to functional changes in neuronal circuits serving cognitive preparation even after a limited number of sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Gevensleben
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG) Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Albrecht
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG) Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henry Lütcke
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen, Germany ; Scientific IT Services, ETH Zürich Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tibor Auer
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen, Germany ; 3MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Wan Ilma Dewiputri
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen, Germany ; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Renate Schweizer
- Biomedizinische NMR Forschungs GmbH, MPI for Biophysical Chemistry Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gunther Moll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Heinrich
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, University Hospital of Erlangen Erlangen, Germany ; kbo-Heckscher-Klinikum Munich, Germany
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center (UMG) Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Leuchter AF, McGough JJ, Korb AS, Hunter AM, Glaser PEA, Deldar A, Durell TM, Cook IA. Neurophysiologic predictors of response to atomoxetine in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot project. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 54:11-8. [PMID: 24726639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant medication with sustained benefit throughout the day, and is a useful pharmacologic treatment option for young adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It is difficult to determine, however, those patients for whom atomoxetine will be both effective and advantageous. Patients may need to take the medication for several weeks before therapeutic benefit is apparent, so a biomarker that could predict atomoxetine effectiveness early in the course of treatment could be clinically useful. There has been increased interest in the study of thalamocortical oscillatory activity using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) as a biomarker in ADHD. In this study, we investigated qEEG absolute power, relative power, and cordance, which have been shown to predict response to reuptake inhibitor antidepressants in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), as potential predictors of response to atomoxetine. Forty-four young adults with ADHD (ages 18-30) enrolled in a multi-site, double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness of atomoxetine and underwent serial qEEG recordings at pretreatment baseline and one week after the start of medication. qEEG measures were calculated from a subset of the sample (N = 29) that provided useable qEEG recordings. Left temporoparietal cordance in the theta frequency band after one week of treatment was associated with ADHD symptom improvement and quality of life measured at 12 weeks in atomoxetine-treated subjects, but not in those treated with placebo. Neither absolute nor relative power measures selectively predicted improvement in medication-treated subjects. Measuring theta cordance after one week of treatment could be useful in predicting atomoxetine treatment response in adult ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Leuchter
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and the Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Depression Research and Clinic Program, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - James J McGough
- Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Programs, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander S Korb
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and the Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Depression Research and Clinic Program, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aimee M Hunter
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and the Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Depression Research and Clinic Program, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul E A Glaser
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ahmed Deldar
- Eli Lilly and Company and/or one of its subsidiaries, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Todd M Durell
- Eli Lilly and Company and/or one of its subsidiaries, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ian A Cook
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, and the Laboratory of Brain, Behavior, and Pharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Depression Research and Clinic Program, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yordanova J, Kolev V, Rothenberger A. Event-related oscillations reflect functional asymmetry in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. SUPPLEMENTS TO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2013; 62:289-301. [PMID: 24053046 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-5307-8.00018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that event-related theta and gamma oscillations elicited in an auditory selective attention task are deviant in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It has been suggested that these deviations are associated with deficient motor inhibition in ADHD, which may lead to increased excitability of not only the motor generation networks but also the networks involved in sensory and cognitive processing of the stimulus requiring motor response. Within this suggestion, the present study used the same experimental database to compare the motor cortical activation of healthy controls and children with ADHD during the performance of the auditory selective attention task. Electroencephalography mu (8-12 Hz) activity at C3 and C4 electrodes was used as a measure of motor cortical activation. Mu power was analyzed for four stimulus conditions of the task (attended target, unattended target, attended nontarget, and unattended nontarget). It was found that motor cortical activation as reflected by mu power suppression was not overall greater in ADHD than healthy children. However, stimuli that possessed only partial target features and did not require motor responding (unattended target and attended nontarget) produced a significant reduction of mu activity in ADHD patients. These results suggest that motor cortical excitability is not generally increased in ADHD children. Rather, the co-existence of conflict features in complex stimuli induces task-irrelevant motor activation in these children. The deficient inhibition of motor cortical networks contralateral to the response may therefore be responsible for the functional asymmetry in stimulus processing in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yordanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., B1. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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14
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Demanuele C, Broyd SJ, Sonuga-Barke EJS, James C. Neuronal oscillations in the EEG under varying cognitive load: a comparative study between slow waves and faster oscillations. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 124:247-62. [PMID: 22986283 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study has been specifically designed to investigate very low frequency neuronal oscillations (VLFO, <0.5 Hz) during resting states and during goal-directed tasks of graded difficulty levels, quantify the changes that the slow waves undergo in these conditions and compare them with those for higher frequency bands (namely delta, theta and alpha). METHODS To this end we developed a multistage signal processing methodology comprising blind source separation coupled with a neural network based feature extraction and classification method. RESULTS Changes in the amplitude and phase of brain sources estimates in the VLF band between rest and task were enhanced with increased task difficulty, but remained lower than those experienced in higher frequency bands. The slow wave variations were also significantly correlated with task performance measures, and hence with the level of task-directed attention. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that besides their prominent sensitivity to external stimulation, VLFOs also contribute to the cortical ongoing background activity which may not be specifically related to task-specific attention and performance. SIGNIFICANCE Our work provides important insight into the association between VLF brain activity and conventional EEG frequency bands, and presents a novel framework for assessing neural activity during various mental conditions and psychiatric states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Demanuele
- Signal Processing and Control Group, Institute of Sound & Vibration Research, University of Southampton, UK.
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15
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Kang SJ, Rangaswamy M, Manz N, Wang JC, Wetherill L, Hinrichs T, Almasy L, Brooks A, Chorlian DB, Dick D, Hesselbrock V, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Nurnberger J, Rice J, Schuckit M, Tischfield J, Bierut LJ, Edenberg HJ, Goate A, Foroud T, Porjesz B. Family-based genome-wide association study of frontal θ oscillations identifies potassium channel gene KCNJ6. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2012; 11:712-9. [PMID: 22554406 PMCID: PMC3666338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Event-related oscillations (EROs) represent highly heritable neuroelectric correlates of cognitive processes that manifest deficits in alcoholics and in offspring at high risk to develop alcoholism. Theta ERO to targets in the visual oddball task has been shown to be an endophenotype for alcoholism. A family-based genome-wide association study was performed for the frontal theta ERO phenotype using 634 583 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped in 1560 family members from 117 families densely affected by alcohol use disorders, recruited in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Genome-wide significant association was found with several SNPs on chromosome 21 in KCNJ6 (a potassium inward rectifier channel; KIR3.2/GIRK2), with the most significant SNP at P = 4.7 × 10(-10)). The same SNPs were also associated with EROs from central and parietal electrodes, but with less significance, suggesting that the association is frontally focused. One imputed synonymous SNP in exon four, highly correlated with our top three SNPs, was significantly associated with the frontal theta ERO phenotype. These results suggest KCNJ6 or its product GIRK2 account for some of the variations in frontal theta band oscillations. GIRK2 receptor activation contributes to slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials that modulate neuronal excitability, and therefore influence neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun J. Kang
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Madhavi Rangaswamy
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Niklas Manz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Jen-Chyong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tony Hinrichs
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Andy Brooks
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - David B. Chorlian
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Danielle Dick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Sam Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - John Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Laura J. Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
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16
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A systems approach to the brain basis of emotion also needs developmental and locationist views - the case of Tourette's syndrome. Behav Brain Sci 2012; 35:160. [PMID: 22617668 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x11001580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The closeness of somatosensory phenomena and emotional states can be critically extended into a clinical perspective by referring to Tourette's Syndrome (TS). Two examples are discussed in this commentary: (1) the neurodevelopmental approach to the pre- and post-tic sensorimotor urges, and (2) the TS treatment with deep brain stimulation. It is shown that in TS, both views (locationist and constructionist) need to be combined along the lifespan in order to get a more realistic picture of the brain basis of emotion.
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17
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Yordanova J, Albrecht B, Uebel H, Kirov R, Banaschewski T, Rothenberger A, Kolev V. Independent oscillatory patterns determine performance fluctuations in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 134:1740-50. [PMID: 21616970 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of stable goal-directed behaviour is a hallmark of conscious executive control in humans. Notably, both correct and error human actions may have a subconscious activation-based determination. One possible source of subconscious interference may be the default mode network that, in contrast to attentional network, manifests intrinsic oscillations at very low (<0.1 Hz) frequencies. In the present study, we analyse the time dynamics of performance accuracy to search for multisecond periodic fluctuations of error occurrence. Attentional lapses in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are proposed to originate from interferences from intrinsically oscillating networks. Identifying periodic error fluctuations with a frequency<0.1 Hz in patients with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder would provide a behavioural evidence for such interferences. Performance was monitored during a visual flanker task in 92 children (7- to 16-year olds), 47 with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, combined type and 45 healthy controls. Using an original approach, the time distribution of error occurrence was analysed in the frequency and time-frequency domains in order to detect rhythmic periodicity. Major results demonstrate that in both patients and controls, error behaviour was characterized by multisecond rhythmic fluctuations with a period of ∼12 s, appearing with a delay after transition to task. Only in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, was there an additional 'pathological' oscillation of error generation, which determined periodic drops of performance accuracy each 20-30 s. Thus, in patients, periodic error fluctuations were modulated by two independent oscillatory patterns. The findings demonstrate that: (i) attentive behaviour of children is determined by multisecond regularities; and (ii) a unique additional periodicity guides performance fluctuations in patients. These observations may re-conceptualize the understanding of attentive behaviour beyond the executive top-down control and may reveal new origins of psychopathological behaviours in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yordanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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18
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Neurofeedback in children with ADHD: Specific event-related potential findings of a randomized controlled trial. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:942-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2010.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Rommelse NN, Geurts HM, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Hartman CA. A review on cognitive and brain endophenotypes that may be common in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and facilitate the search for pleiotropic genes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:1363-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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20
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Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Bat-Pitault F, Cermolacce M, Vion-Dury J. Neurofeedback dans le trouble déficit de l’attention avec hyperactivité : de l’efficacité à la spécificité de l’effet neurophysiologique. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gevensleben H, Moll GH, Heinrich H. [Neurofeedback training in children with ADHD: behavioral and neurophysiological effects]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2011; 38:409-19; quiz 419-20. [PMID: 21128217 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a multicentre randomised controlled trial, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of neurofeedback (NF) training in children with ADHD and investigated the mechanisms underlying a successful training. We used an attention skills training, coupled with the training setting and demands made upon participants, as the control condition. At the behavioural level, NF was superior to the control group concerning core ADHD symptomatology as well as associated domains. For the primary outcome measure (improvement in the FBB-HKS total score), the effect size was .60. The same pattern of results was obtained at the 6-month follow-up. Thus, NF may be seen as a clinically effective module in the treatment of children with ADHD. At the neurophysiological level (EEG, ERPs), specific effects for the two NF protocols, theta/beta training, and training of slow cortical potentials were demonstrated. For example, for theta/beta training, a decrease of theta activity in the EEG was associated with a reduction of ADHD symptomatology. SCP training was accompanied inter alia by an increase in the contingent negative variation in the attention network test; thus, children were able to allocate more resources for preparation. EEG- and ERP-based predictors were also found. The present article reviewed the findings of the original papers related to the trial and outlines future research topics.
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22
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Albrecht B, Uebel H, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T. [The significance of functional psychophysiological methods in child and adolescent psychiatry]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KINDER-UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2011; 38:395-406; quiz 406-7. [PMID: 21128216 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Psychophysiological research focusing on child development and on child and adolescent psychiatric disorders has provided many important insights. The use of cognitive neuroscience methods along with the assessment of peripheral psychophysiological measures - particularly functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography reflecting brain activity - have advanced our understanding of the physiological basis of many cognitive processes such as attention, memory, learning, and language in the context of child development and psychiatric disorders. These insights are proving increasingly helpful when evaluating and advancing treatment. The following review introduces the reader to psychophysiological and particularly electrophysiological methods widely used in child and adolescent psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Albrecht
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim
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Abstract
Cramer et al.'s network approach reconceptualizes mental comorbidity on the basis of symptom space originating from psychometric signatures. We argue that the advantages of this approach need to be regarded in the context of the multi-level functional organization of the neural substrate, ranging from neurogenetic to psychometric. Neuroelectric oscillations are proposed as a level-integrating principle.
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24
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Valko L, Schneider G, Doehnert M, Müller U, Brandeis D, Steinhausen HC, Drechsler R. Time processing in children and adults with ADHD. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:1213-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Lenz D, Krauel K, Flechtner HH, Schadow J, Hinrichs H, Herrmann CS. Altered evoked gamma-band responses reveal impaired early visual processing in ADHD children. Neuropsychologia 2010; 48:1985-93. [PMID: 20350556 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neurophysiological studies yield contrary results whether attentional problems of patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are related to early visual processing deficits or not. Evoked gamma-band responses (GBRs), being among the first cortical responses occurring as early as 90ms after visual stimulation in human EEG, have been assigned a pivotal role in early visual processing. In particular, they are involved in memory matching processes and are enhanced when known stimuli are processed. The current study examined whether evoked GBR patterns during early memory matching processes could be indicative of an early visual processing deficit in ADHD patients. EEG was recorded from 13 young ADHD patients as well as 13 age-matched healthy participants. Both groups performed a simple forced choice reaction task employing line drawings of either known real-world items with representations in long-term memory or physically similar unknown items without such representations. Evoked GBRs of ADHD patients did not differentiate between known and unknown items. However, in healthy children, evoked GBRs were enhanced when stimuli matched a representation stored in memory. This finding indicates disadvantages at early visual processing stages in ADHD patients: In contrast to healthy participants, ADHD children lack an early memory based classification, possibly resulting in an impaired ability to rapidly reallocate attentional resources to relevant stimuli. These findings suggest that impaired early automatic stimulus classification in ADHD patients could be involved in deficits of selective and sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lenz
- Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Demanuele C, Sonuga-Barke EJS, James CJ. Slow neuronal oscillations in the resting brain vs task execution: A BSS investigation of EEG recordings. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2010; 2010:1638-1641. [PMID: 21096137 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5626645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous very low frequency oscillations (< 0.5 Hz) occurring within widely distributed neuroanatomical systems have been increasingly analyzed in brain imaging studies. Whilst being more prominent in the resting brain, these slow waves also persist into task sessions and may potentially interfere with active goal-directed attention, leading to periodic lapses in attention during task execution. This work presents a new experimental framework and a multistage signal processing methodology - comprising blind source separation (BSS) coupled with a neural network feature extraction and classification method - developed for assessing variations in the slow wave characteristics in EEG data recorded during periods of quiet wakefulness (termed as "rest"), and during visual tasks of various difficulty levels. Core results demonstrate that the amplitude and phase of the brain sources in the slow wave band share essential similarities during rest and task conditions, but are distinct enough to be classified separately. These slow wave variations are also significantly correlated with the level of cognitive attention assessed by task performance measures (such as reaction times and error rates). Moreover, the power of the brain sources in the slow wave band is attenuated during task, and the level of attenuation drops as the task difficulty level is increased, whilst the slow wave phase undergoes a change in structure (measured through entropy). The methodology and findings presented here provide a new basis for assessing neural activity during various mental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Demanuele
- Signal Processing and Control Group, ISVR, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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27
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Gevensleben H, Holl B, Albrecht B, Schlamp D, Kratz O, Studer P, Wangler S, Rothenberger A, Moll GH, Heinrich H. Distinct EEG effects related to neurofeedback training in children with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Psychophysiol 2009; 74:149-57. [PMID: 19712709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In a randomized controlled trial, neurofeedback (NF) training was found to be superior to a computerised attention skills training concerning the reduction of ADHD symptomatology (Gevensleben et al., 2009). The aims of this investigation were to assess the impact of different NF protocols (theta/beta training and training of slow cortical potentials, SCPs) on the resting EEG and the association between distinct EEG measures and behavioral improvements. In 72 (of initially 102) children with ADHD, aged 8-12, EEG changes after either a NF training (n=46) or the control training (n=26) could be studied. The combined NF training consisted of one block of theta/beta training and one block of SCP training, each block comprising 18 units of 50 minutes (balanced order). Spontaneous EEG was recorded in a two-minute resting condition before the start of the training, between the two training blocks and after the end of the training. Activity in the different EEG frequency bands was analyzed. In contrast to the control condition, the combined NF training was accompanied by a reduction of theta activity. Protocol-specific EEG changes (theta/beta training: decrease of posterior-midline theta activity; SCP training: increase of central-midline alpha activity) were associated with improvements in the German ADHD rating scale. Related EEG-based predictors were obtained. Thus, differential EEG patterns for theta/beta and SCP training provide further evidence that distinct neuronal mechanisms may contribute to similar behavioral improvements in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Gevensleben
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Göttingen, v.Siebold-Str. 5, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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28
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Yordanova J, Kolev V, Rothenberger A. Functional Neuroelectric Oscillations Along the Lifespan. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803.23.4.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Yordanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Vasil Kolev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Heinrich H, Kolev V, Rothenberger A, Yordanova J. Event-Related Oscillations and Cognitive Processes in Children. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803.23.4.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Event-related EEG modulations, which are phase-locked to perceptual, cognitive, and motor processes, are often studied by means of event-related potentials (ERPs), although event-related oscillatory responses in different EEG frequency bands allow a more refined analysis, closer to brain physiology. This article introduces the basics of time-frequency methods, which are typically applied for the analysis of event-related oscillations, focusing on adaptive procedures (e.g., wavelet networks). The potential of these methods is illustrated. Findings about event-related oscillations (gamma responses, theta responses) in children performing an auditory selective attention task are reviewed. Both the neuronal substrates of gamma (30–70 Hz) networks and the ability to synchronize these networks in relation to task-specific processes are available in children and adolescents from 9 to 16 years of age. Developmental changes in the task reactivity of synchronized gamma oscillations may provide evidence for a transition in cognitive processing strategies emerging at the age of 12–13 years. Event-related theta (3–7.5 Hz) activity is enhanced in two latency ranges. The early event-related theta response occurring 0–200 ms after a stimulus may be associated with representations of relevant target features in working memory. The late fronto-central theta response (200 – 450 ms) could be related to the processing of task-irrelevant information. In summary, event-related oscillations can be analyzed using time-frequency methods like wavelet networks. This approach should be used intensively to study neurocognitive development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Heinrich
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Erlangen, Germany
- Heckscher-Klinikum, München, Germany
| | - Vasil Kolev
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Juliana Yordanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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