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Zhou Y, Yu NX, Liang Z, Feng S, Zhang Q. Preadolescents' executive functions and resilience development: A cascade model of resilience resources and resilient functioning. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 39183384 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Executive functions (EF), encompassing inhibition, updating, and shifting, are widely acknowledged as cognitive factors that promote resilience. However, prior research examining the association between EF and resilience has been hampered by inconsistent conceptualizations of resilience and an overreliance on cross-sectional designs. We embraced a process-oriented conceptualization of resilience and employed a longitudinal approach to investigate how EF components interplay with the dynamic processes of resilience resources and resilient functioning. METHODS A total of 144 Chinese preadolescents (aged 10-12, 53.5% male) completed computer-based EF assessments at baseline and self-reported their resilience at three intervals during 2019-2020. The resilience evaluations encompassed resilience resources at individual, familial, and social levels, as measured by the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents, and resilient functioning, operationalized as the residuals of socioemotional difficulties after accounting for stressful life events. RESULTS The findings emphasized the dynamic nature of resilience, unveiling a developmental cascade from resilience resources to resilient functioning and back to resilience resources. Furthermore, distinct effects of EF components on resilience development were found. Specifically, inhibition was associated with both concurrent and long-term resilience resources and functioning, while updating predicted long-term resilience resources, and shifting predicted long-term resilient functioning. CONCLUSION These results underscored the pivotal role of EF as a cognitive foundation in comprehending the dynamic resilience processes during preadolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nancy Xiaonan Yu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhanhong Liang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Atzl VM, Russotti J, Cerulli C, Cicchetti D, Handley ED. Profiles of socioemotional functioning in children with and without CPS-subtantiated maltreatment: Associations with child maltreatment and dating violence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 154:106953. [PMID: 39053219 PMCID: PMC11325266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Person-centered approaches are essential for characterizing heterogeneity in child development as it relates to child maltreatment (CM) and dating violence. The present study had two aims: 1) identify person-centered patterns of childhood socioemotional functioning, 2) examine whether patterns of child socioemotional functioning mediate the association between CM and dating violence. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Wave 1 comprised N = 680 children ages 10-12 years with and without experiences of CPS-substantiated CM facing socio-economic challenge. Wave 2 included N = 407 emerging adults ages 18-24 years old. METHODS Children participated in a summer camp research program at Wave 1 and a follow up interview at Wave 2. Participant CM history and socioemotional functioning was assessed at Wave 1. Exposure to dating violence was assessed at Wave 2. A latent profile analysis identified patterns of socioemotional functioning. Then regression analyses examined associations of socioemotional functioning with CM and dating violence. RESULTS Three profiles of child socioemotional functioning were identified (well-regulated/low distress, high externalizing/high aggression, high internalizing). CM was significantly associated with membership in the high externalizing/high aggression class. Patterns of child socioemotional functioning did not mediate the association between CM and dating violence, although number of subtypes of CM had a significant positive direct effect on dating violence. CONCLUSIONS Results underscore the multidimensional nature of socioemotional functioning and the predictive power of number of subtypes of CM on dating violence. Results can be harnessed by clinicians and policy makers to identify those at risk and interrupt cycles of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Atzl
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, United States of America.
| | - Justin Russotti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, United States of America
| | - Catherine Cerulli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States of America
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, United States of America; Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, United States of America
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O'Gorman ET, Meyer GJ. Developmental cascades from early childhood attachment security to adolescent level of personality functioning among high-risk youth. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38934483 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This study examines associations between early childhood attachment security and adolescent personality functioning in a high-risk sample within a developmental psychopathology framework. Data from 2,268 children (1165 male; 1103 female) and caregivers participating in Future of Families and Child Well-Being Study (FFCWS) were used to examine (1) effects of genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) genes and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on attachment security and emotional and behavioral dysregulation in early childhood and (2) longitudinal associations and transactional relationships among attachment security, dysregulation, negative parenting attitudes and behaviors, social competence, and adolescent personality functioning. Results revealed that ACEs predicted attachment security over and above sex or the genetic risk, and gene × environment interactions did not increment prediction. Results of cascade models showed that greater early childhood attachment security predicted higher adolescent level of personality functioning via pathways through intermediary variables. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily T O'Gorman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory J Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Nivison MD, Filetti CR, Carlson EA, Jacobvitz DB, Roisman GI. Agreement between retrospective and prospective assessments of childhood abuse revisited. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38832550 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
A recent meta-analytic review demonstrated that retrospective assessments of childhood abuse acquired during adulthood - typically via self-report - demonstrate weak agreement with assessments of maltreatment gathered prospectively. The current report builds on prior findings by investigating the agreement of prospectively documented abuse from birth to age 17.5 years in the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation with retrospective, Adult Attachment Interview-based assessments of childhood abuse administered at ages 19 and 26 years. In this sample, an agreement between prospective and retrospective assessments of childhood abuse was considerably stronger (κ = .56) than was observed meta-analytically. Retrospective assessments identified prospectively documented sexual abuse somewhat better than physical abuse, and the retrospective approach taken here was more sensitive to identifying abuse perpetrated by primary caregivers compared to non-caregivers based on prospective records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Nivison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clarissa R Filetti
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Carlson
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Deborah B Jacobvitz
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Glenn I Roisman
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Morency MM, Donzella B, Reid BM, Lee RM, Dengel DR, Gunnar MR. Post-adoption experiences of discrimination moderated by sleep quality are associated with depressive symptoms in previously institutionalized youth over and above deprivation-induced depression risk. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38832546 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The association of post-adoption experiences of discrimination with depressive symptoms was examined in 93 previously institutionalized (PI) youth (84% transracially adopted). Additionally, we explored whether sleep quality statistically moderated this association. Notably, we examined these associations after covarying a measure of autonomic balance (high/low frequency ratio in heart rate variability) affected by early institutional deprivation and a known risk factor for depression. PI youth exhibited more depressive symptoms and experiences of discrimination than 95 comparison youth (non-adopted, NA) raised in their biological families in the United States. In the final regression model, there was a significant interaction between sleep quality and discrimination, such that at higher levels of sleep quality, the association between discrimination and depression symptoms was non-significant. Despite being cross-sectional, the results suggest that the risk of depression in PI youth involves post-adoption experiences that appear unrelated to the impacts of early deprivation on neurobiological processes associated with depression risk. It may be crucial to examine methods of improving sleep quality and socializing PI youth to cope with discrimination as protection against discrimination and microaggressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirinda M Morency
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bonny Donzella
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brie M Reid
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Richard M Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Donald R Dengel
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megan R Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Smith JA, Durham D, Price-Cameron M, Sloss I, Browne DT. The longitudinal interplay between insecure attachment behaviors and psychosocial strengths among children in child welfare services. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:578-588. [PMID: 36744532 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Children who have experienced maltreatment are more likely to have disrupted attachments, fewer psychosocial strengths, and poorer long-term psychosocial outcomes. However, few studies have examined the interplay between attachment security and psychosocial strengths among children involved in therapeutic services in the context of the child welfare system. The present longitudinal study examines the insecure attachment behaviors and psychosocial strengths of 555 children referred to the Therapeutic Family Care program (TFCP) in Cobourg, Ontario between 2000 and 2019. The children were assessed by their caregivers on a regular basis using the Assessment Checklist for Children (ACC) and the complementary strengths-focused ACC+ measure. Average age of children at baseline was 9.57 years (SD = 3.51) and 229 (41.26%) were female. We conducted growth curve and random intercepts cross-lagged panel models to test the longitudinal interplay between insecure attachment behaviors and strengths. Results suggest that females' attachment security improved, males' attachment security worsened, and both males and females developed strengths over time. Further, analyses revealed a directional effect, whereby fewer insecure attachment behaviors predicted more psychosocial strengths approximately 6 months later. Implications for attachment-oriented and strengths-based services in the context of child welfare are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson A Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Mental Health Research and Treatment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Duane Durham
- Therapeutic Family Care Program, Cobourg, ON, Canada
| | | | - Imogen Sloss
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Dillon T Browne
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Mental Health Research and Treatment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Wang SS, Walsh K, Li JJ. A prospective longitudinal study of multidomain resilience among youths with and without maltreatment histories. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:750-764. [PMID: 36794372 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The majority of children with maltreatment histories do not go on to develop depression in their adolescent and adult years. These individuals are often identified as being "resilient", but this characterization may conceal difficulties that individuals with maltreatment histories might face in their interpersonal relationships, substance use, physical health, and/or socioeconomic outcomes in their later lives. This study examined how adolescents with maltreatment histories who exhibit low levels of depression function in other domains during their adult years. Longitudinal trajectories of depression (across ages 13-32) in individuals with (n = 3,809) and without (n = 8,249) maltreatment histories were modeled in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. The same "Low," "increasing," and "declining" depression trajectories in both individuals with and without maltreatment histories were identified. Youths with maltreatment histories in the "low" depression trajectory reported lower romantic relationship satisfaction, more exposure to intimate partner and sexual violence, more alcohol abuse/dependency, and poorer general physical health compared to individuals without maltreatment histories in the same "low" depression trajectory in adulthood. Findings add further caution against labeling individuals as "resilient" based on a just single domain of functioning (low depression), as childhood maltreatment has harmful effects on a broad spectrum of functional domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon S Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kate Walsh
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Gender and Women's Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - James J Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Carriedo N, Rodríguez-Villagra OA, Moguilner S, Morales-Sepulveda JP, Huepe-Artigas D, Soto V, Franco-O’Byrne D, Ibáñez A, Bekinschtein TA, Huepe D. Cognitive, emotional, and social factors promoting psychosocial adaptation: a study of latent profiles in people living in socially vulnerable contexts. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1321242. [PMID: 38680276 PMCID: PMC11050042 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1321242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Social adaptation is a multifaceted process that encompasses cognitive, social, and affective factors. Previous research often focused on isolated variables, overlooking their interactions, especially in challenging environments. Our study addresses this by investigating how cognitive (working memory, verbal intelligence, self-regulation), social (affective empathy, family networks, loneliness), and psychological (locus of control, self-esteem, perceived stress) factors interact to influence social adaptation. Methods We analyzed data from 254 adults (55% female) aged 18 to 46 in economically vulnerable households in Santiago, Chile. We used Latent profile analysis (LPA) and machine learning to uncover distinct patters of socioadaptive features and identify the most discriminating features. Results LPA showed two distinct psychosocial adaptation profiles: one characterized by effective psychosocial adaptation and another by poor psychosocial adaptation. The adaptive profile featured individuals with strong emotional, cognitive, and behavioral self-regulation, an internal locus of control, high self-esteem, lower stress levels, reduced affective empathy, robust family support, and decreased loneliness. Conversely, the poorly adapted profile exhibited the opposite traits. Machine learning pinpointed six key differentiating factors in various adaptation pathways within the same vulnerable context: high self-esteem, cognitive and behavioral self-regulation, low stress levels, higher education, and increased social support. Discussion This research carries significant policy implications, highlighting the need to reinforce protective factors and psychological resources, such as self-esteem, self-regulation, and education, to foster effective adaptation in adversity. Additionally, we identified critical risk factors impacting social adaptation in vulnerable populations, advancing our understanding of this intricate phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Carriedo
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Odir A. Rodríguez-Villagra
- Institute for Psychological Research, University of Costa Rica, Sabanilla, San José, Costa Rica
- Neuroscience Research Center, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Sebastián Moguilner
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Latin American Brain Health, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Morales-Sepulveda
- University of Sydney Business School, Darlington, NSW, Australia
- Facultad de Educación Psicología y Familia, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Huepe-Artigas
- Facultad de Educación Psicología y Familia, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Soto
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Franco-O’Byrne
- Latin American Brain Health, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Latin American Brain Health, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tristan A. Bekinschtein
- Cambridge Consciousness and Cognition Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Huepe
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
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Giordano F, Salimbeni CT, Jefferies P. The Tutor of Resilience Program with Children Who Have Experienced Maltreatment: Mothers' Involvement Matters. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:295-307. [PMID: 35916984 PMCID: PMC10891266 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is a dynamic process involving the presence and interaction of personal and environmental factors that modify the impact of adversity. Resilience-building interventions are therefore important for improving trauma-related outcomes in children and caregivers exposed to adversity. This study examines the impact of the Tutor of Resilience (TOR) program on beneficiaries' trauma-related symptoms and on mother-child interactions in a group of children exposed to maltreatment (N = 186; mean age = 11.95; SD = 2.50). Assessments were completed at baseline and post-intervention. RM-ANOVAs indicated significant improvements for most trauma symptoms (anxiety, anger, post-traumatic stress, and disassociation, but not depression) in the intervention group relative to a control group (N = 88; mean age = 10.76; SD = 2.57), and indicated further improvements to anxiety and dissociation for the intervention group when mothers were involved. Mother-child interactions also improved over time, as did their overall trauma symptoms and distress. Findings support the effectiveness of the ToR, especially when involving mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Giordano
- Department of Psychology - Resilience Research Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Largo Gemelli 1, Milan, MI, 20121, Italy.
| | - C Taurelli Salimbeni
- Department of Psychology - Resilience Research Unit, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Largo Gemelli 1, Milan, MI, 20121, Italy
| | - P Jefferies
- Family and Community Resilience, Canada Research Chair in Child, Resilience Research Centre Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H4R2, Canada
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Brown MP, Witmer R, Johnson A. The influence of friendships on the mental health of maltreated youth: A pre-registered systematic review using a developmental psychopathology perspective. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38532717 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Friendships are a potential factor that influence maltreated children's risk for psychopathology. This systematic review examined (1) how friendships influence the association between child maltreatment and psychopathology and (2) developmental differences in how friendships influence this association. Four databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were primary study, quantitative, measures of maltreatment and friendship up to the age of 18 years, measures of psychopathology up to the age of 24 years, and a non-maltreated sample. Exclusion criteria were qualitative, reviews or meta-analyses, no distinction between maltreatment and other trauma, and no differentiation between friendships and other support. Risk of bias was assessed. Data were narratively synthesized. Two hundred thirty-five articles were retrieved for full review. Fourteen met inclusion criteria (N = 98,676 participants). Eleven of the fourteen studies found that some aspect of friendships influenced the association between maltreatment and psychopathology, with positive qualities generally decreasing risk and negative qualities increasing risk for psychopathology. However, peer support exacerbated maltreated children's risk for psychopathology in two studies. Only three studies assessed friendship prior to adolescence, which precluded conclusions regarding developmental differences. Future research should consider developmental differences and use findings and validated measures from the peer relations literature to better understand how friendships influence maltreated youth's vulnerability to psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Rhoda Witmer
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Alexsia Johnson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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Fernandes ADC, Supriyanto S, Wahyuni CU, Notobroto HB, Gregory A, Wild K. Adoption of policies to improve respectful maternity care in Timor-Leste. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0289394. [PMID: 38527016 PMCID: PMC10962841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are now well-established global standards for supporting improvement in women's experience of maternity services, including frameworks for the prevention of mistreatment during childbirth. To support initiatives to improve the quality of care in maternal health services in Timor-Leste, we examine the adoption of global respectful maternity care standards in the national intrapartum care policy and in three urban birth facilities in Dili. METHODS From May to July 2022, we conducted a desk review of the Timor-Leste National Intrapartum Care Standards and Clinical Protocols for Referral Facilities and Community Health Centres. This was followed by a health-facility audit of policies, guidelines and procedures in three main maternity facilities in the capital, Dili to examine the extent to which the WHO (2016) standards for women's experiences of care have been adopted. RESULTS Despite the availability of global guidelines, key standards to improve women's experience of care have not been included in the National Intrapartum Care guidelines in Timor-Leste. There was no mention of avoiding mistreatment of women, needing informed consent for procedures, or strengthening women's own capability and confidence. In the policy wording, women tended to be distanced from the care 'procedures' and the protocols could be improved by taking a more woman-centred approach. The results of the health facility assessment showed extremely low use of standards that improve women's experiences of care. Health Facility 1 and 2 met two of the 21 quality measures, while Health Facility 3 met none of them. CONCLUSION The discourse communicated through policy fundamentally affects how health care issues are framed and how policies are enacted. Given the findings of this study, combined with previously documented issues around quality of care and low satisfaction with maternal health services, there is a need for a fundamental shift in the culture of care for women. This will require an immediate focus on leadership, training and policy-frameworks to increase respectful care for women in health facilities. It will also require longer-term effort to address the power imbalances that drive mistreatment of women within and across social systems, and to support models of care that inherently foster understanding and compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra Gregory
- Centre for Child Development and Education, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Kayli Wild
- Centre for Child Development and Education, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia
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Beeghly M. Toward a multi-level approach to the study of the intergenerational transmission of trauma: Current findings and future directions. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38516836 PMCID: PMC11416564 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A central goal in the field of developmental psychopathology is to evaluate the complex, dynamic transactions occurring among biological, psychological, and broader social-cultural contexts that predict adaptive and maladaptive outcomes across ontogeny. Here, I briefly review research on the effects of a history of childhood maltreatment on parental, child, and dyadic functioning, along with more recent studies on the intergenerational transmission of trauma. Because the experience and sequelae of child maltreatment and the intergenerational transmission of trauma are embedded in complex biopsychosocial contexts, this research is best conceptualized in a developmental psychopathology framework. Moreover, there is a pressing need for investigators in this area of study to adopt dynamic, multi-level perspectives as well as using developmentally guided, sophisticated research methods. Other directions for research in this field are suggested, including the implementation of collaborative interdisciplinary team science approaches, as well as community-based participatory research, to increase representation, inclusion, and equity of community stakeholders. A greater focus on cultural and global perspectives is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Beeghly
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Masten AS. Emergence and evolution of developmental resilience science over half a century. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38456302 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This reflection on the history and future of developmental resilience science (DRS) highlights its co-emergence with developmental psychopathology (DP), as well as the roles of this journal and its founding editor, Dante Cicchetti, in the evolution of these intertwined domains of scholarship. A remarkable constellation of scholars at the University of Minnesota shaped the course of both conceptual frameworks and their dissemination. I describe fundamental assumptions common to DP and DRS frameworks that reflect their common roots and the pervasive influence of systems theory on developmental science. I describe four waves of DRS and key principles of DRS at the present time. In conclusion, I consider the possibility that a fifth wave of DRS is emerging with a focus on understanding patterns of multisystem, multilevel processes of resilience and their implications for interventions in the context of interacting, interdependent, and complex adaptive systems. I close this commentary with questions for future research and a hopeful outlook on the future of human resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann S Masten
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Ungar M. A commentary on Ehrlich et al. (2023): a resilience paradox for child development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:365-368. [PMID: 37984973 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Paradoxically, resilience carries with it the risk of disorder. When understood systemically, this should come as no surprise. All complex systems demonstrate this same propensity for both positive and negative feedback loops. A thriving ecosystem eventually succumbs to its own dominance over its environment, using up available resources until its survival is threatened and its population declines (e.g. predators like coyotes in a national park where hunting is prohibited) (Ward et al., 2018). For this reason, systems that demonstrate powerful resistance to threat are, paradoxically, often made vulnerable by their success.
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Handley ED, Duprey EB, Russotti J, Levin RY, Warmingham JM. Person-centered methods to advance developmental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38415403 PMCID: PMC11349932 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Dante Cicchetti's remarkable contributions to the field of developmental psychopathology include the advancement of key principles such as the interplay of typical and atypical development, multifinality and equifinality, the dynamic processes of resilience, and the integration of multiple levels of analysis into developmental theories. In this paper we assert that person-centered data analytic methods are particularly well-suited to advancing these tenets of developmental psychopathology. We illustrate their utility with a brief novel empirical study focused on underlying patterns of childhood neuroendocrine regulation and prospective links with emerging adult functioning. Results indicate that a childhood neuroendocrine profile marked by high diurnal cortisol paired with low diurnal DHEA was uniquely associated with more adaptive functioning in emerging adulthood. We discuss these findings, and person-centered methods more broadly, within the future of developmental psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erinn B. Duprey
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester
- Children’s Institute
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16
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Davies PT, Sturge-Apple ML. Beyond form: The value of systems conceptualizations of function in increasing precision and novelty in the study of developmental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38389499 PMCID: PMC11341777 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Developmental psychopathology has successfully advanced an understanding of risk and protective factors in multivariate models. However, many areas have relied on top-down approaches that define psychological constructs based largely or solely on their physical form. In this paper, we first describe how top-down approaches have significantly hindered progress by generating generic risk and protective models that yield little more than the conclusion that axiomatically positive and negative factors respectively beget an interchangeable array of positive and negative child sequelae. To advance precision and novelty as central priorities, we describe behavioral systems frameworks rooted in evolutionary theory that infuse both form (i.e., what it looks like) and function (what it is designed to do) into psychological constructs. We further address how this paradigm has generated new growing points for developmental models of interparental relationships and parenting. In the final section, we provide recommendations for expanding this approach to other areas of developmental psychopathology. Throughout the paper, we document how the focus on functional patterns of behavior in well-defined developmental contexts advance precision and novelty in understanding children's response processes to threats, opportunities, and challenges in associations between their developmental histories and their psychological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Melissa L Sturge-Apple
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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17
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Myroniuk S, Reitsema AM, de Jonge P, Jeronimus BF. Childhood abuse and neglect and profiles of adult emotion dynamics. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38196323 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) is experienced by ∼40% of all children at major personal and societal costs. The divergent associations between emotional, physical, and sexual abuse or neglect in childhood and differences in adult emotional functioning and regulation were examined in terms of daily emotion intensity, variability, instability, inertia, and diversity, reported over 30 days by 290 Dutch aged 19-73. Participants described their abuse/neglect experiences retrospectively using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Dissecting CM effects on adult emotion dynamics may inform theories on the ontogenesis and functioning of emotions, on effects of abuse and neglect, to better understand (dys)functional emotional development, and to prevent their adverse sequelae. Structural equation models (SEM) showed that most types of CM were associated with specific patterns of emotion dynamics, and only emotional abuse had no unique effects on the emotional dynamic indices. Emotional neglect was associated with most measures of emotion dynamics (i.e., less intense, variable, unstable, and diverse emotions). Sexual abuse associated with increases and physical neglect decreases in negative affect variability and instability. Physical abuse was associated with inertia but with a small effect size. Social contact frequency did not mediate much of the relationship between CM types and emotion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Myroniuk
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A M Reitsema
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P de Jonge
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B F Jeronimus
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Fava NM, Coxe SJ, Fortenberry JD, Bay-Cheng LY. Sexual Self-Concept After Child Maltreatment: The Role of Resilient Coping and Sexual Experience Among U.S. Young Adults. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2024; 53:359-373. [PMID: 37847345 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supports sexual experience as normative and health-promoting for many, but this picture is less clear for people with histories of adversity. Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) was used to garner data from a sample of 362 young adults (aged 18-25) wherein 44.5% (n = 161) identified as women. We assessed longitudinal associations between child maltreatment and sexual self-concept, as mediated by sexual behaviors and sexual partners, and whether resilient coping moderated these associations using structural equation modeling. Although both child maltreatment and resilient coping were directly associated with aspects of sexual experience, only resilient coping was directly associated with sexual self-concept. In addition, we found support for sexual experience as a mediator between child maltreatment/resilient coping and sexual self-concept. Specifically, cumulative maltreatment was associated with more sexual partners, which was associated with higher sexual self-monitoring. Resilient coping was associated with more sexual partners and more sexual behaviors, which was associated with higher sexual self-monitoring and higher sexual self-consciousness, sexual assertiveness, sexual self-esteem, and sexual motivation, respectively. Thus, sexual behaviors and sexual partners operated independently. Findings contrast messaging that sexual experience is universally risky regardless of maltreatment history. Rather, sexual experience may foster positive sexual self-concept for some. Sexual health advocates must attend to differences between sexual behaviors and sexual partners in relation to sexual well-being, and support resilience in the sexual domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Fava
- School of Social Work, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, AHC-5, Room 587, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Stefany J Coxe
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Laina Y Bay-Cheng
- Psychology Department, LaMarsh Centre for Child & Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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19
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Rosa DP, Dubé MO, Roy JS. Psychometric Properties of Patient-reported Outcome Measures to Assess Resilience in Individuals with Musculoskeletal Pain or Rheumatic Conditions: A COSMIN-based Systematic Review. Clin J Pain 2023; 39:695-706. [PMID: 37768873 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to assess resilience in individuals with musculoskeletal and rheumatic conditions. METHODS Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) were searched. Studies assessing any measurement property in the target populations were included. Two reviewers independently screened all studies and assessed the risk of bias using the COSMIN checklist. Thereafter, each measurement property of each PROM was classified as sufficient, insufficient, or inconsistent based on the COSMIN criteria for good measurement properties. RESULTS Four families of PROMs [Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS); Resilience Scale (RS-18); Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10 and CD-RISC-2); and Pain Resilience Scale (PRS-14 and PRS-12)] were identified from the 9 included studies. Even if no PROM showed sufficient evidence for all measurement properties, the PRS and CD-RISC had the most properties evaluated and showed the best measurement properties, although responsiveness still needs to be assessed for both PROMs. Both PROMs showed good levels of reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation 0.61 to 0.8) and good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ≥0.70). Minimal detectable change values were 24.5% for PRS and between 4.7% and 29.8% for CD-RISC. DISCUSSION Although BRCS, RS-18, CD-RISC, and PRS have been used to evaluate resilience in individuals with musculoskeletal and rheumatic conditions, the current evidence only supports the use of PRS and CD-RISC in this population. Further methodological studies are therefore needed and should prioritize the assessment of reliability and responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Patricia Rosa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval & Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris)
| | - Marc-Olivier Dubé
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval & Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Roy
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval & Researcher, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Quebec City, QC, Canada
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20
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Brown MP, Rogosch F, Shacklewood C, Cicchetti D. The role of child maltreatment and adolescent victimization in predicting adolescent psychopathology and problematic substance use. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 146:106454. [PMID: 37741073 PMCID: PMC10872623 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maltreated children are more likely to experience adolescent victimization, which may underlie the association between maltreatment and adolescent psychopathology and substance use. OBJECTIVE To determine whether number of adolescent victimization types predicts adolescent psychopathology and problematic substance use over and above number of child maltreatment subtypes; whether adolescent victimization mediates the relations between maltreatment and change in adolescent psychopathology and problematic substance use; and whether maltreatment moderates the relation between adolescent victimization and changes in these outcomes. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were 545 (295 maltreated, 250 non-maltreated; 328 males, 217 females) racially and ethnically diverse (52.8 % Black, 27.5 % White, 12.8 % Bi-racial; 13.4 % Latino/a) children and families from the Rochester, New York, USA area assessed across three waves of data (Wave 1, Mage = 7.6 years; Wave 2, Mage = 13.8 years; Wave 3, Mage = 16.2 years). METHODS Maltreatment was coded at Wave 1 using Department of Human Services records. Adolescents self-reported psychopathology, problematic substance use, and victimization at Waves 2 and 3. RESULTS Structural equation modeling revealed that adolescent victimization predicted adolescent psychopathology (β = 0.24, p < .001) and problematic substance use (β = 0.27, p < .001) over and above child maltreatment. Adolescent victimization did not mediate the association between child maltreatment change in psychopathology and problematic substance use and child maltreatment did not moderate the association between adolescent victimization and these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the importance of future research utilizing multi-wave designs to examine relations between these constructs and of assessing for more proximal victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle P Brown
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Fred Rogosch
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh Street, Rochester, NY 14608, USA
| | - Curtisha Shacklewood
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC 29169, USA.
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, 187 Edinburgh Street, Rochester, NY 14608, USA.
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21
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Wiglesworth A, Butts J, Carosella KA, Mirza S, Papke V, Bendezú JJ, Klimes-Dougan B, Cullen KR. Stress system concordance as a predictor of longitudinal patterns of resilience in adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2384-2401. [PMID: 37434505 PMCID: PMC10784418 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Resilience promotes positive adaptation to challenges and may facilitate recovery for adolescents experiencing psychopathology. This work examined concordance across the experience, expression, and physiological response to stress as a protective factor that may predict longitudinal patterns of psychopathology and well-being that mark resilience. Adolescents aged 14-17 at recruitment (oversampled for histories of non-suicidal self-injury; NSSI) were part of a three-wave (T1, T2, T3) longitudinal study. Multi-trajectory modeling produced four distinct profiles of stress experience, expression, and physiology at T1 (High-High-High, Low-Low-Low, High-Low-Moderate, and High-High-Low, respectively). Linear mixed-effect regressions modeled whether the profiles predicted depressive symptoms, suicide ideation, NSSI engagement, positive affect, satisfaction with life, and self-worth over time. Broadly, concordant stress response profiles (Low-Low-Low, High-High-High) were associated with resilient-like patterns of psychopathology and well-being over time. Adolescents with a concordant High-High-High stress response profile showed a trend of greater reduction in depressive symptoms (B = 0.71, p = 0.052), as well as increased global self-worth (B = -0.88, p = 0.055), from T2 to T3 compared to the discordant High-High-Low profile. Concordance across multi-level stress responses may be protective and promote future resilience, whereas blunted physiological responses in the presence of high perceived and expressed stress may indicate poorer outcomes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Butts
- Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Salahudeen Mirza
- Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Victoria Papke
- Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Kathryn R Cullen
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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22
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Sisitsky M, Hare M, DiMarzio K, Gallat A, Magariño L, Parent J. Associations Between Early Life Adversity and Youth Psychobiological Outcomes: Dimensional and Person-Centered Approaches. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1789-1800. [PMID: 37195493 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased externalizing symptoms (e.g., aggression and oppositionality), internalizing symptoms (e.g., withdrawal and anxiety), and biological indicators of accelerated aging (e.g., telomere length) in childhood. However, little is known about how distinct dimensions of ELA, such as threat and deprivation, impact youth psychobiological outcomes. The present study includes data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), a large population-based, birth cohort study of majority (approximately 75%) racial and ethnic minority youth born between 1998 and 2000 across 20 large cities in the United States. The present study includes a subset of the original sample (N = 2,483, 51.6% male) who provided genetic data at age 9. First, confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, which revealed four distinct dimensions of ELA (home threat, community threat, neglect, and lack of stimulation) when children were age 3. Second, latent profile analyses identified an eight-profile solution based on unique patterns of the four ELA dimensions. Lastly, latent profiles were used to predict associations with child psychological and biological outcomes at age 9. Results suggest that exposure to specific combinations of ELA is differentially associated with internalizing and externalizing behaviors in childhood, but not with telomere length. Findings have implications for personalized early intervention and prevention efforts aimed at reducing ELA exposure to protect against downstream negative mental health outcomes for diverse youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Sisitsky
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Megan Hare
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Karissa DiMarzio
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Adriana Gallat
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Loreen Magariño
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Justin Parent
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley/Hasbro Children's Research Center, E. P. Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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23
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Gerin MI, Viding E, Herringa RJ, Russell JD, McCrory EJ. A systematic review of childhood maltreatment and resting state functional connectivity. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 64:101322. [PMID: 37952287 PMCID: PMC10665826 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) has the potential to shed light on how childhood abuse and neglect relates to negative psychiatric outcomes. However, a comprehensive review of the impact of childhood maltreatment on the brain's resting state functional organization has not yet been undertaken. We systematically searched rsFC studies in children and youth exposed to maltreatment. Nineteen studies (total n = 3079) met our inclusion criteria. Two consistent findings were observed. Childhood maltreatment was linked to reduced connectivity between the anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and with widespread heightened amygdala connectivity with key structures in the salience, default mode, and prefrontal regulatory networks. Other brain regions showing altered connectivity included the ventral anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. These patterns of altered functional connectivity associated with maltreatment exposure were independent of symptoms, yet comparable to those seen in individuals with overt clinical disorder. Summative findings indicate that rsFC alterations associated with maltreatment experience are related to poor cognitive and social functioning and are prognostic of future symptoms. In conclusion, maltreatment is associated with altered rsFC in emotional reactivity, regulation, learning, and salience detection brain circuits. This indicates patterns of recalibration of putative mechanisms implicated in maladaptive developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia I Gerin
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK.
| | - Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ryan J Herringa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, UK
| | - Justin D Russell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, WI, UK
| | - Eamon J McCrory
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK; Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
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Abstract
Fathers have been an important source of child endurance and prosperity since the dawn of civilization, promoting adaptation to social rules, defining cultural meaning systems, teaching daily living skills, and providing the material background against which children developed; still, the recent reformulation in the role of the father requires theory-building. Paternal caregiving is rare in mammals, occurring in 3-5% of species, expresses in multiple formats, and involves flexible neurobiological accommodations to ecological conditions and active caregiving. Here, we discuss father contribution to resilience across development. Our model proposes three tenets of resilience - plasticity, sociality, and meaning - and discussion focuses on father-specific contributions to each tenet at different developmental stages; newborn, infant, preschooler, child, and adolescent. Father's style of high arousal, energetic physicality, guided participation in daily skills, joint adventure, and conflict resolution promotes children's flexible approach and social competence within intimate bonds and social groups. By expanding children's interests, sharpening cognitions, tuning affect regulation, encouraging exploration, and accompanying the search for identity, fathers support the sense of meaning, enhancing the human-specific dimension of resilience. We end by highlighting pitfalls to paternal contribution, including absence, abuse, rigidity, expectations, and gender typing, and the need to formulate novel theories to accommodate the "involved dad."
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Feldman
- Center for Developmental Social Neuroscience, Reichman University,Israel
- Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, USA
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Shoychet G, Kimber M, Weiss J, Honest O, Prime H. Empirical support for a model of risk and resilience in children and families during COVID-19: A systematic review & narrative synthesis. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2464-2481. [PMID: 37563877 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. The COVID-19 Family Disruption Model (FDM) describes the cascading effects of pandemic-related social disruptions on child and family psychosocial functioning. The current systematic review assesses the empirical support for the model. METHODS. Study eligibility: 1) children between 2-18 years (and/or their caregivers); 2) a quantitative longitudinal design; 3) published findings during the first 2.5 years of COVID-19; 4) an assessment of caregiver and/or family functioning; 5) an assessment of child internalizing, externalizing, or positive adjustment; and 6) an examination of a COVID-19 FDM pathway. Following a search of PsycINFO and MEDLINE in August 2022, screening, full-text assessments, and data extraction were completed by two reviewers. Study quality was examined using an adapted NIH risk-of- bias tool. RESULTS. Findings from 47 studies were summarized using descriptive statistics, tables, and a narrative synthesis. There is emerging support for bidirectional pathways linking caregiver-child functioning and family-child functioning, particularly for child internalizing problems. Quality assessments indicated issues with attrition and power justification. DISCUSSION. We provide a critical summary of the empirical support for the model, highlighting themes related to family systems theory and risk/resilience. We outline future directions for research on child and family well-being during COVID-19. Systematic review registration. PROSPERO [CRD42022327191].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Shoychet
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Kimber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Weiss
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Olivia Honest
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Prime
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The LaMarsh Centre for Child and Youth Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Cao L, Wang S, Li Y, Li Y, Yuan M, Chang J, Wang G, Su P. Longitudinal trajectories of sleep quality in correlation with maltreatment in early childhood: A cohort of Chinese early adolescents. J Affect Disord 2023; 340:462-470. [PMID: 37573894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child maltreatment may lead to sleep disturbance during the critical period of child development. Our study examined the effect of maltreatment in early childhood on trajectories of sleep quality among early adolescents. METHODS The study included 1611 participants (mean ± standard deviation age at baseline: 12.5 ± 0.5 years) from a middle school in southeastern China. Of these participants, 60.5 % were males. Information on early childhood maltreatment during pre-seventh grade was obtained through a self-report questionnaire at baseline, and sleep quality was collected at baseline and during follow-up. We used a group-based trajectory model to characterize trajectories of sleep quality. RESULTS The study identified four trajectories of sleep quality, namely the low sleep score group (25.0 %), the moderate-low sleep score group (51.0 %), the moderate-increasing sleep score (17.0 %), and the high-decreasing sleep score (7.0 %) group. After adjusting for covariates, the findings revealed that emotional abuse and physical abuse were associated with an increased risk of developing new-onset sleep disturbances in early adolescents. Particularly, emotional abuse (incidence rate ratio = 1.71, 95 % confidence interval: 1.08-2.71) significantly increased the risk of belonging to the high-decreasing sleep score group. Moreover, there existed a dose-response relationship between early childhood maltreatment and sleep quality trajectories, with a higher number of maltreatment types in early childhood correlating with a greater risk of belonging to the high-decreasing sleep score group. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study provide compelling evidence indicating that specific types and cumulative maltreatment during early childhood contribute to sleep disturbances among early adolescents. The study findings highlight the significance of preventing and reducing early childhood maltreatment to enhance sleep quality during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Cao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yonghan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyuan Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Junjie Chang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Gengfu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Puyu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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27
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Swerbenski HG, Sturge-Apple ML, Messina G, Toth SL, Rogosch F, Cicchetti D. Maternal childhood maltreatment trauma resolution: Development of a novel narrative coding measure and implications for intergenerational parenting processes. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37791540 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment constitutes a significant environmental risk for children, with carryover effects into future generations. There is a need to characterize protective factors that may buffer against the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment. The current study addresses this gap through two primary aims: 1) the development and validation of a novel measure assessing resolution of maternal childhood maltreatment trauma using narrative coding methods and 2) the evaluation of maternal maltreatment trauma resolution as a buffering factor that may moderate associations between maternal neglect histories and sensitive parenting of offspring. Results of reliability analyses from this sample of 210 diverse, low-income mothers suggest the novel childhood maltreatment trauma resolution measure is highly reliable. Furthermore, results highlight the generalizability, criterion validity, and concurrent and predictive validity of the measure. Results from cross-sectional analyses show that trauma resolution moderates associations between maternal physical neglect histories and sensitive parenting, such that under high maternal trauma resolution, there is no longer a negative association between neglect histories and sensitive parenting. Results from longitudinal analyses also show a protective effect of maternal trauma resolution, such that trauma resolution has a protective-enhancing effect on maternal sensitivity. Implications for research and clinical practice with families are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Swerbenski
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Melissa L Sturge-Apple
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Sheree L Toth
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Fred Rogosch
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Haag AC, Bonanno GA, Chen S, Herd T, Strong-Jones S, Spiva S, Noll JG. Understanding posttraumatic stress trajectories in adolescent females: A strength-based machine learning approach examining risk and protective factors including online behaviors. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1794-1807. [PMID: 35635211 PMCID: PMC9708933 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneity in the course of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following a major life trauma such as childhood sexual abuse (CSA) can be attributed to numerous contextual factors, psychosocial risk, and family/peer support. The present study investigates a comprehensive set of baseline psychosocial risk and protective factors including online behaviors predicting empirically derived PTSS trajectories over time. Females aged 12-16 years (N = 440); 156 with substantiated CSA; 284 matched comparisons with various self-reported potentially traumatic events (PTEs) were assessed at baseline and then annually for 2 subsequent years. Latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM) was used to derive PTSS trajectories, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was used to investigate psychosocial predictors including online behaviors of trajectories. LGMM revealed four PTSS trajectories: resilient (52.1%), emerging (9.3%), recovering (19.3%), and chronic (19.4%). Of the 23 predictors considered, nine were retained in the LASSO model discriminating resilient versus chronic trajectories including the absence of CSA and other PTEs, low incidences of exposure to sexual content online, minority ethnicity status, and the presence of additional psychosocial protective factors. Results provide insights into possible intervention targets to promote resilience in adolescence following PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Haag
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Columbia University Teachers College, New York, NY, USA
| | - George A. Bonanno
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Columbia University Teachers College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuquan Chen
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Columbia University Teachers College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Toria Herd
- College of Health and Human Development, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sienna Strong-Jones
- College of Health and Human Development, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sunshine Spiva
- College of Health and Human Development, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jennie G. Noll
- College of Health and Human Development, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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29
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Fava NM, Meldrum RC, Villar MG, Zucker RA, Trucco EM. Adverse childhood experiences, sleep problems, low self-control, and adolescent delinquency: A longitudinal serial mediation analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1868-1877. [PMID: 35678388 PMCID: PMC9732146 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies link adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to delinquency. Yet, developmental sequalae accounting for this association remain unclear, with previous research limited by cross-sectional research designs and investigations of singular mediating processes. To redress these shortcomings, this study examines the longitudinal association between ACEs and delinquency as mediated by both sleep problems and low self-control, two factors which past research implicates as potentially important for understanding how ACEs contribute to antisocial behavior. Data collected from 480 adolescents (71.3% boys; 86.3% White) and their parents participating in the Michigan Longitudinal Study was used to conduct a serial mediation analysis. The association between ACEs (prior to age 11) and delinquency in late adolescence was found to operate indirectly via sleep problems in early adolescence and low self-control in middle adolescence. Nonetheless, a direct association between ACEs and later delinquency remained. Pathways through which ACEs contribute to later delinquency are complex and multiply determined. Findings indicate that early behavioral interventions, including improving sleep and self-control, could reduce later delinquency. Still, more research is needed to identify additional avenues through which the ACEs-delinquency association unfolds across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Fava
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ryan C Meldrum
- Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle G Villar
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert A Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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30
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Matte-Landry A, Grisé Bolduc MÈ, Tanguay-Garneau L, Collin-Vézina D, Ouellet-Morin I. Cognitive Outcomes of Children With Complex Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Longitudinal Studies. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2743-2757. [PMID: 35786061 PMCID: PMC10486170 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221111484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal studies have shown that children with complex trauma (i.e., exposure to multiple or repeated traumatic events of an interpersonal nature) have poorer cognitive outcomes later in life than children without complex trauma. This association may be moderated by the timing of the trauma, which may explain, in part, some heterogeneity in the findings reported across previous investigations. The objective of the systematic review and meta-analyses was to compare the cognitive outcomes of children with complex trauma and controls and to explore whether the timing of trauma (i.e., its onset and recency) moderated this association. Electronic databases (APA PsycNET, Pubmed Central, ERIC, CINAHL, Embase) and gray literature were systematically searched. To be included, studies had to (1) have a longitudinal design, (2) comprise children with complex trauma and controls, and (3) include a cognitive assessment. Thirteen studies were identified. Meta-analyses were conducted to compare children with complex trauma and controls, while subgroup analyses and meta-regressions explored the impact of potential moderators. Children with complex trauma had poorer overall cognitive functioning than controls, and the timing of trauma (early onset and, to a greater extent, recency of trauma) moderated this association. Thus, findings suggest that children with complex trauma are at risk of cognitive difficulties quickly after trauma exposure. As such, systematic neuropsychological assessment and interventions supporting the optimal development of cognitive functioning among children with complex trauma should be investigated to determine whether prompt interventions lead to better cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Matte-Landry
- Centre for Research on Children and Families, School of Social Work, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de recherche universitaire sur les jeunes et les familles, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Grisé Bolduc
- Departement of psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Laurence Tanguay-Garneau
- Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Delphine Collin-Vézina
- Centre for Research on Children and Families, School of Social Work, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de recherche universitaire sur les jeunes et les familles, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City, Canada
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31
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Wertli MM, Aegler B, McCabe CS, Grieve S, Llewellyn A, Schneider S, Bachmann LM, Brunner F. Resilience in patients with complex regional pain syndrome 1-a cross-sectional analysis of patients participating in a cross-sectional cohort study. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2023; 24:1066-1072. [PMID: 37154698 PMCID: PMC10472489 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the degree of resilience in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) 1, to explore the relationship between resilience and patient-related outcome measurements and to describe a pattern of clinical manifestations associated with low resilience. METHODS This study presents a cross-sectional analysis of baseline information collected from patients enrolled in a single center study between February 2019 and June 2021. Participants were recruited from the outpatient clinic of the Department of Physical Medicine & Rheumatology of the Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. We used linear regression analysis to explore association of resilience with patient reported outcomes at baseline. Furthermore, we explored the impact of significant variables on the low degree resilience using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Seventy-one patients (females 90.1%, mean age 51.2 ± 12.9 years) were enrolled. There was no association between CRPS severity and the level of resilience. Quality of Life was positively correlated with resilience, as was pain self-efficacy. Pain catastrophizing was inversely correlated with the level of resilience. We observed a significant inverse association between anxiety, depression and fatigue and the level of resilience. The proportion of patients with a low resilience increased with higher level of anxiety, depression and fatigue on the PROMIS-29, without reaching statistical significance. CONCLUSION Resilience seems to be an independent factor in CRPS 1 and is associated with relevant parameters of the condition. Therefore, caretakers may screen the current resilience status of CRPS 1 patients to offer a supplementary treatment approach. Whether specific resilience training modifies CRPS 1 course, requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monika Wertli
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Baden 5404, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern University, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Aegler
- Praxis für Handrehabilitation und Ergotherapie GmbH, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Candida S McCabe
- Dorothy House Hospice, Winsley and University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Sharon Grieve
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath BA1 3NG, UK
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Alison Llewellyn
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich 8004, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Brunner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich 8004, Switzerland
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32
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Yoon S, Sattler K, Knox J, Xin Y. Longitudinal examination of resilience among child welfare-involved adolescents: The roles of caregiver-child relationships and deviant peer affiliation. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1069-1078. [PMID: 34766899 PMCID: PMC9345746 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite growing attention to resilience following childhood maltreatment, it remains unclear how the development of resilience unfolds over time among child welfare-involved adolescents. Further, little is known about the immediate and enduring effects of two important attachments in children's lives, namely caregiver-child relationship and deviant peer affiliation, on resilience development over time. This study sought to examine the ways in which caregiver-child relationships and deviant peer affiliation shape developmental trajectories of resilience among child welfare-involved youth. Data were drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being. Latent growth curve modeling was conducted on a sample of 711 adolescents. The results revealed that adolescents' resilience increased across a 36-month period since initial contact with Child Protective Services. Better caregiver-child relationships were associated with a higher initial level of resilience among adolescents, whereas higher deviant peer affiliation was associated with a lower initial level of resilience. Significant lagged effects were also found; caregiver-child relationship quality and deviant peer affiliation at baseline were associated with resilience at 18 months after. The findings suggest that interventions that aim to promote positive caregiver-child relationships and prevent deviant peer relationships may help foster resilience among adolescents who have experienced child maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kierra Sattler
- School of Health and Human Sciences, The University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC
| | - Jerica Knox
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yitong Xin
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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33
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Zambrano V, Fernández-Pacheco G, Salazar-Muñoz M. The transition of Chilean adolescents from the child welfare system to the adolescent justice system: a continuation or an accumulation of adverse factors? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1194294. [PMID: 37519390 PMCID: PMC10374313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1194294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on juvenile delinquency and adolescent maladjustment indicates that the beginning of these processes is found in the relationship between multiple risk factors at the individual, family and community levels in this population. The objective of this research was to analyze the risk factors related to the transition from the child welfare system to the adolescent justice system in a group of Chilean male adolescents (n = 108), aged 14-18 years, grouped according to their membership in the child welfare system, the adolescent justice system or both systems. Through a quantitative methodology, variables associated with risk factors were examined by means of the Risk and Resource Evaluation Form FER-R and the Risk and Criminogenic Needs Inventory IRNC instruments. Logistic regression analysis found that the adolescent population within the child welfare system was more likely to enter the adolescent justice system if the following risk factors were present: weak family supervision, consumption of drugs, socially maladaptive peer relationships, and risky free time. These results emphasize that child welfare system interventions should focus on parental support and the management of socio-community networks to prevent re-entry of the adolescent population into the justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Zambrano
- Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Miguel Salazar-Muñoz
- Facultad de Psicología y Humanidades, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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34
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Howard AH, Dadirai Gwenzi G, Newsom L, Gebru BT, Gilbertson Wilke N. The Relationship between Sense of Belonging and Well-Being Outcomes in Emerging Adults with Care Experience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6311. [PMID: 37444158 PMCID: PMC10341974 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Robust social resources that lead to a healthy sense of belonging are imperative during emerging adulthood. However, young adults with alternative care experience, such as residential or foster care, often lack the social resources necessary to transition to adulthood successfully. Though some research has examined the importance of social resources in this population, less is known about a sense of belonging, which is associated with these social resources. The current study examined the association between care experience, belonging, and well-being outcomes among emerging adults (n = 703) who were separated from their biological parents during care and received alternative care in 16 nations. The presence of belonging was associated with type of alternative care, age at separation, and reason for separation. There was also an association between belonging and well-being outcomes, including homelessness and suicidal ideation. Adults lacking a sense of belonging reported higher rates of homelessness and suicidal ideation, lower life satisfaction, and lower resilience. The study has global implications for enhancing social support for emerging adults with care experience in order to facilitate a sense of belonging as a social resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Hiles Howard
- Department of Psychology, Samford University, 800 Lakeshore Dr., Homewood, AL 35229, USA
| | - Getrude Dadirai Gwenzi
- Department of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe, 630 Churchill Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Lindsey Newsom
- Department of Psychology, Samford University, 800 Lakeshore Dr., Homewood, AL 35229, USA
| | - Belay T. Gebru
- Hope for the Fatherless, 558 Castle Pines Parkway, Castle Pines, CO 80108, USA
| | - Nicole Gilbertson Wilke
- CAFO Center on Applied Research for Vulnerable Children and Families, 505 Los Arces Monteflor II Cayma, Arequipa, Peru
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35
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Gervinskaitė-Paulaitienė L, Byrne G, Barkauskienė R. Mentalization-Based Parenting Program for Child Maltreatment Prevention: A Pre-Post Study of 12-Week Lighthouse Group Program. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1047. [PMID: 37371278 PMCID: PMC10297588 DOI: 10.3390/children10061047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the 12-week group version of the mentalization-based Lighthouse Parenting Program for child maltreatment prevention. Parents who might be facing mentalizing difficulties due to challenges in the parent-child relationship were invited to participate in the program. The aim of the program was to promote mentalizing-to encourage parents' curiosity about their children's minds and their willingness to reflect on their own feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. Study participants were 101 parents (82 mothers, 19 fathers). Parenting practices and parental and family adjustment were assessed using the Parent and Family Adjustment Scale and mentalization was measured using Mentalization Scale at pre- and post-intervention assessments. Parents' feedback on the program was gathered after the program. Results revealed that mentalization, parental adjustment, and family functioning improved while coercive parenting practices decreased after the intervention. Study results provide preliminary indications of the benefits of the 12-week Lighthouse Parenting Program for parents referred or self-referred for mental health services due to their own or their child's difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerry Byrne
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2ER, UK;
| | - Rasa Barkauskienė
- Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, LT-01513 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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36
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Cooper DK, Felt JM, Riobueno-Naylor A, Lai BS, Bámaca MY, Fishbein D. The mediating role of self-regulation on the link between child maltreatment and later substance use among Latinx youth. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106151. [PMID: 36965435 PMCID: PMC10164059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who experience maltreatment are at heightened risk for substance use initiation and mental health disorders later in life. Few studies have assessed the relationship between child maltreatment and substance use among Latinx youth. OBJECTIVE The current study assessed the potential mediating effect of three aspects of self-regulation (emotional, behavioral, and cognitive) on the association between child maltreatment and substance use and examined whether effects varied depending on maltreatment type and severity. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study involved a random sample of 504 Latinx youth (52 % girls, 48 % boys) between the ages of 10-12 at the start of the study. METHODS Study hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling and bootstrapped random errors using the R programming language. RESULTS Our results indicated that higher levels of child maltreatment predicted higher levels of later substance use, as mediated by emotional and behavioral dysregulation (β = 0.09, p < 0.01), but not cognitive regulation. When separating maltreatment by subtype, we found the mediating effect was present for abuse (β = 0.09, p < 0.01), but not neglect. CONCLUSIONS Findings contribute to our understanding of potential causal mechanisms for the association between child maltreatment and substance use for Latinx youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Cooper
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, United States of America.
| | - John M Felt
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, United States of America
| | - Alexa Riobueno-Naylor
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, United States of America
| | - Betty S Lai
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Boston College, United States of America
| | - Mayra Y Bámaca
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, United States of America
| | - Diana Fishbein
- College of Health and Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, United States of America; Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina, United States of America
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37
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Brown MP, Ng R, Lisle J, Koenig M, Sannes D, Rogosch F, Cicchetti D. Mind-mindedness in a high-risk sample: Differential benefits for developmental outcomes based on child maltreatment. Dev Psychol 2023; 59:1126-1135. [PMID: 36603122 PMCID: PMC10198804 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mind-mindedness is associated with positive developmental outcomes. However, much of the literature uses mostly White, middle to high socioeconomic status (SES) samples despite evidence that the benefits of mind-mindedness may vary based on degree of social risk. Additionally, few studies have examined relations between mind-mindedness and language development. The current study investigates whether mind-mindedness predicts children's language development and behavioral functioning and if family history of childhood maltreatment moderates the relation of mind-mindedness to these outcomes. Participants were 98 mothers (49.0% Black, 24.5% White, 13.3% Latina, 7.2% multiracial; 81.6% low SES per Hollingshead classifications) and their children (49 boys, 49 girls) from the Rochester, New York area recruited at Time 1 (Mage = 13.34 months) and followed up twice (Mages = 27.51 [Time 2] and 39.31 months [Time 3]). Mother-child dyads participated in videotaped free play interactions at Times 1 and 2. Using transcripts of these interactions, we coded mind-mindedness at Times 1 and 2 and children's internal state language at Time 2. Mothers reported on children's behavioral functioning at Time 3. Findings revealed that Time 2 mind-mindedness predicted fewer Time 3 behavioral difficulties in children from maltreating families but did not predict behavioral difficulties in children from nonmaltreating families. Additionally, Time 1 mind-mindedness predicted children's Time 2 use of decontextualized internal state language. Findings highlight the importance of examining mind-mindedness in higher risk populations and how mind-mindedness can be leveraged as a protective factor to prevent future maladjustment in children at risk for adverse outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rowena Ng
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota
| | - Joe Lisle
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Dane Sannes
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota
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38
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Jaffee SR, Widom CS. Resilience to Maltreatment in Early Adulthood Does Not Predict Low Allostatic Load at Midlife. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:489-498. [PMID: 37040622 PMCID: PMC10413319 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although childhood maltreatment is associated with a host of poor health and social outcomes in adulthood, many individuals manifest resilience. PURPOSE We tested competing predictions about whether achieving positive psychosocial outcomes in young adulthood would be differentially predictive of allostatic load at midlife for those with and without a childhood history of maltreatment. METHODS The sample included 808 individuals, 57% of whom had court-documented records of childhood abuse or neglect between 1967 and 1971, and demographically matched controls without those histories. Participants provided information on socioeconomic, mental health, and behavioral outcomes in interviews conducted between 1989 and 1995 (mean age = 29.2 years). Indicators of allostatic load were measured between 2003 and 2005 (mean age = 41.2 years). RESULTS The relationship between positive life outcomes in young adulthood and allostatic load in middle adulthood varied depending on childhood maltreatment status (b = .16, 95% CI: .03; .28); for adults who did not experience childhood maltreatment, more positive life outcomes predicted lower allostatic load (b = -.12, 95% CI: -.23; -.01), whereas the relationship was not significant for adults with a childhood history of maltreatment (b = .04, 95% CI: -.06; .13). There were no differences in the results predicting allostatic load for African-American and White respondents. CONCLUSIONS Childhood maltreatment may have enduring effects on physiological functioning that are manifest in elevated allostatic load scores in middle age. Alternatively, resilience to maltreatment-as manifest in positive functioning in socioeconomic and behavioral domains-may not be sufficiently stable over adulthood to buffer individuals from the physiological consequences of stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Jaffee
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 425 South University Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cathy Spatz Widom
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, New York, USA
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39
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Juster RP, Misiak B. Advancing the allostatic load model: From theory to therapy. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023:106289. [PMID: 37202225 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Paul Juster
- Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Canada.
| | - Blazej Misiak
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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40
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Yoon S, Pei F, Logan J, Helsabeck N, Hamby S, Slesnick N. Early childhood maltreatment and profiles of resilience among child welfare-involved children. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:711-723. [PMID: 35129106 PMCID: PMC9357229 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Given the high burden of child maltreatment, there is an urgent need to know more about resilient functioning among those who have experienced maltreatment. The aims of the study were to: 1) identify distinct profiles of resilience across cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social domains in young children involved in the child welfare system; and 2) examine maltreatment characteristics and family protective factors in relation to the identified resilience profiles. A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-II). Latent profile analysis was performed on a sample of 827 children aged 3-5 years (46% girls, Mean age = 3.96). Three distinct resilience profiles were identified: 1) low cognitive resilience (24%); 2) low emotional and behavioral resilience (20%); and 3) multidomain resilience (56%). Caregiver cognitive stimulation, no out-of-home placement, higher caregiver education level, older child age, and being a girl were associated with the multidomain resilience profile. The findings provide empirical support for the multifaceted nature of resilience and suggest that practitioners need to help children achieve optimal and balanced development by assessing, identifying, and targeting those domains in which children struggle to obtain competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yoon
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- School of Social Work, Falk College, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Logan
- Quantitative Research, Evaluation and Measurement, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Helsabeck
- Quantitative Research, Evaluation and Measurement, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sherry Hamby
- Department of Psychology, The University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA
- Life Paths Research Center, Sewanee, TN, USA
| | - Natasha Slesnick
- Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Reis DL, Ribeiro MG, Couto I, Maia N, Bonavides D, Botelho AC, Sena CL, Hemanny C, de Oliveira IR. Correlations between childhood maltreatment, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and risk behaviors in adolescent schoolchildren. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2023; 46:e20210456. [PMID: 36645004 PMCID: PMC11140768 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment is extremely harmful to health, especially in relation to development of the psychiatric disorders throughout life. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and types of maltreatment in a sample of adolescent schoolchildren and to investigate associations between maltreatment types and anxiety and depressive symptoms, sociodemographic variables, and risk behaviors. The study also identified which variables were the greatest predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 654 school students aged 11 to 17 years. We collected sociodemographic data and administered the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-47) to measure anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to evaluate maltreatment and adverse experiences such as abuse and negligence during childhood and adolescence. Statistical analyses were conducted to estimate correlations between sociodemographic data, anxiety, depression, and types of maltreatment. A regression analysis was also conducted to identify maltreatment types that predict psychological symptoms. RESULTS Emotional abuse and emotional neglect were the most prevalent types of maltreatment. Statistically, emotional abuse was the maltreatment type most strongly correlated with depression and anxiety and tended to co-occur with other types of maltreatment. Additionally, emotional and sexual abuse were the greatest predictors of anxiety and depression in adolescents. CONCLUSION The above results reinforce the findings of previous studies in terms of understanding the effects of maltreatment. They identify emotional abuse as the main predictor of depressive and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ladeira Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Instituto Psicoeducar Terapias CognitivasSalvadorBABrazil Instituto Psicoeducar Terapias Cognitivas, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Mônica Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Isabela Couto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Nina Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Dagoberto Bonavides
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cristina Botelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Luisa Sena
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Curt Hemanny
- Faculdades Integradas Padrão GuanambiGuanambiBABrazil Faculdades Integradas Padrão Guanambi (FIPGuanambi), Guanambi, BA, Brazil.
| | - Irismar Reis de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e SistemasInstituto de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal da BahiaSalvadorBABrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde MentalFaculdade de MedicinaUFBASalvadorBABrazil Departamento de Neurociências e Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Liu C, Xiao X, Pi Q, Tan Q, Zhan Y. Are you more risk-seeking when helping others? Effects of situational urgency and peer presence on prosocial risky behavior. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1036624. [PMID: 36935944 PMCID: PMC10020997 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1036624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prosocial risky behavior (PRB) proposes that individuals take risks for others' benefits or social welfare, and that this may involve trade-offs between risk and social preferences. However, little is known about the underlying cognitive mechanisms of risk-seeking or aversion during PRB. Methods This study adopted the dilemma-priming paradigm to examine the interaction between the risk levels of personal cost and situational urgency on PRB (Experiment 1, N = 88), and it further uncovered the modulation of the risk levels of failure (Experiment 2, N = 65) and peer presence (Experiment 3, N = 80) when helping others. Results In Experiment 1, the participants involved in risky dilemmas made more altruistic choices for strangers in urgent situations compared to those for strangers in non-urgent situations. However, increasing the risk levels of personal cost decreased the frequencies of help offered to strangers in urgent situations. Experiment 2 further established that, similar to the risk of personal cost, increasing the risk levels of failure when helping others also decreased the frequencies of help offered to strangers in urgent situations. Furthermore, in dilemmas involving a low-risk personal cost, Experiment 3 showed that peer presence encouraged the participants to make more altruistic choices when providing help to strangers in non-urgent situations. Discussion Individuals demonstrate obvious risk-seeking behavior when helping others and that both non-urgent situations and peer presence weaken the effect of increased risk aversion on PRB in a limited manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Liu
- Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Mental Health Education Center, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiao Pi
- Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Qianbao Tan
- Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
| | - Youlong Zhan
- Department of Psychology, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China
- *Correspondence: Youlong Zhan, ✉
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43
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Watters ER, Aloe AM, Wojciak AS. Examining the Associations Between Childhood Trauma, Resilience, and Depression: A Multivariate Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:231-244. [PMID: 34313169 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211029397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
TOPIC OF REVIEW Childhood trauma has been associated with increased depression; however, resilience has been found to reduce this association. METHOD OF REVIEW Present analyses were based on multivariate meta-analytical techniques, an extension of univariate meta-analysis. All computations were performed using the metafor package and the metaRmat package from R. Bivariate associations (r) between trauma, resilience, and depression were utilized as the pooled effect sizes. CRITERIA FOR INCLUSION Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, articles were coded based on the following inclusion criteria: (a) sample participants had a history of childhood trauma; (b) studies included one of the four instruments of trait resilience; (c) studies included measures of individual outcomes of depression; (d) studies were published in peer-reviewed journals, dissertations, book chapters since 2009, or provided by leading scholars who had yet to publish their data; (e) all manuscripts were written in English; and (f) studies included the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) for the effect size. CRITERIA FOR REVIEW We systematically coded for the following items for each study: year of publication, type of report, peer-reviewed, funding, sampling strategy, sample size, gender, mean age, country of study, measure of resilience, measure depression, and measure of childhood trauma. MAJOR FINDINGS The pooled correlations indicate that trauma, resilience, and depression are significantly associated. There were no significant differences in symptoms of depression for high versus low reports of resilience for individuals with a history of trauma. Year of publication was a significant moderator for the associations between trauma, resilience, and depression. Resilience significantly mediated the association between trauma and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Watters
- Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Ariel M Aloe
- Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Armeda S Wojciak
- Department of Family Social Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
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DOĞRUER N, GÖKKAYA F, VOLKAN E, GÜLEÇ M. Predictors of Psychological Resilience: Childhood Trauma Experiences and Forgiveness. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1160408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Psychological resilience enables the person to come out of this situation in a strong way without being harmed after traumatic events. In our study, the relationship between experiencing childhood traumas, types of forgiveness and psychological resilience was examined. In addition, it was also investigated how childhood traumatic experiences and types of forgiveness (forgiving oneself, forgiving the situation, forgiving others) predict psychological resilience. In this study, which was conducted with the relational screening model, the relationships between the dependent variable “Psychological Resilience” and the independent variables “Childhood Traumas” and “Forgiveness” were examined by multiple linear regression analysis Enter method. Data were collected from a total of 366 participants, 236 of whom were women (64.5%) and 130 (35.5%) were men, living in the province of Istanbul. The Personal Information Form, Childhood Trauma Scale [CTS], Adult Resilience Scale [PDS] and Heartland Forgiveness Scale [HAS] were applied to the individuals in the sample. In the study, the relationships between the variables mentioned first were examined, the relationship was determined, and according to the results of the multiple linear regression analysis, it was determined that childhood traumas, self-forgiveness and forgiveness of the situation predicted psychological resilience, while forgiveness of others had no predictive effect. In the study, it was concluded that childhood trauma experiences negatively predicted psychological resilience, while self-forgiveness and forgiving the situation variables predicted it positively. It is thought that it is very important to study self-forgiveness, especially when working with childhood traumas in psychological trauma-based interventions and psychotherapy processes.
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Allen B, Brown MP. Attachment security as an outcome and predictor of response to trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy among maltreated children with posttraumatic stress: A pilot study. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022:13591045221144588. [PMID: 36472223 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221144588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is a frontline intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among maltreated children. Research suggests that active caregiver participation predicts positive treatment outcomes, but these studies are often based on the perception of the caregiver. Youth perceptions of the caregiver as a source of support who might help confront distressing memories (i.e., attachment security) and how they relate to TF-CBT treatment are unexplored. This paper uses data from a small randomized controlled feasibility trial of TF-CBT to conduct a pilot examination of whether (a) attachment security may improve through the course of TF-CBT, and (b) pre-treatment attachment security predicts response to TF-CBT for the amelioration of posttraumatic stress. Results favored the conclusion that those beginning treatment with attachment insecurity may demonstrate improvement for this outcome by the end of treatment (n = 8; t = 3.3, p = .013, Cohen's d = 1.17). However, although significant improvements were found over the course of treatment for PTSD, there was no evidence that pre-treatment attachment security predicted PTSD outcome (n = 29; ∆R2 < .01, ∆F(1,26) = .001, p = .969). The limitations of the current pilot study are discussed, as well as directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, 12310Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 12310Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.,Center for the Protection of Children, 12310Penn State Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Michelle P Brown
- Department of Psychology, 2629University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Craig JM, Wolff KT, Baglivio MT. Clustering of adverse and positive childhood experiences: The nature and correlates of risk and protective factors. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 134:105878. [PMID: 36115326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increased attention paid to the separate effects of cumulative stress and protection on offending, the extent to which distinct clusters of risk and protective factors exist and have unique effects on justice-related outcomes is under-studied. OBJECTIVE The current study examines for unique clustering of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) and Positive Childhood Experiences (PCE) and the extent to which they predict juvenile recidivism. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample consists of a cohort of youth adjudicated delinquent in Florida who received a community-based sanction. METHODS The study first utilized latent-class analysis to identify distinct classes based upon the youths' ACE and PCE exposures. Next, two sets of regression models were estimated; the first investigated correlates of class membership and the second assessed whether class membership predicted recidivism. RESULTS Seven distinct classes of ACE/PCE clusters were found, composing 9.9 % to 20.5 % of the sample each. Relative to the class with low ACE and low PCE, those with low ACEs and high PCE evidenced 27.5 % lower rearrest rates, as did the Moderate Risk/Moderate Protection group. CONCLUSIONS Not only do distinct groupings of ACE and PCE exposures exist, but these groups have different likelihoods of future offending, where a youth's cumulative protection appears to be more important than their risk level. This has important policy implications as it offers further support for the use of strength-based treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Craig
- Criminal Justice, University of North Texas, United States of America.
| | - Kevin T Wolff
- Criminal Justice, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, United States of America.
| | - Michael T Baglivio
- Research & Development, Youth Opportunity Investments, United States of America.
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Roche AI, Adamowicz JL, Stegall MS, Toovey CR, Sirotiak Z, Thomas EBK. College Student Resilience During COVID-19: Examining the Roles of Mindfulness, Compassion, and Prosocial Behavior. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2022; 3:309-320. [PMID: 36415323 PMCID: PMC9669537 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-022-00083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined factors associated with resilience in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were undergraduates at a large Midwestern university in the USA (N = 848). Hierarchical linear regression analyses examined self-reported pandemic-related adversity, community COVID-19 case rates, mindfulness, compassion, and prosocialness to determine the strongest associates of resilience. Findings demonstrated that mindfulness was the only psychological process of interest significantly associated with resilience, so specific facets were further explored in a regression analysis. Specifically, higher levels of the following mindfulness skills were associated with greater resilience: ability to describe internal experiences, to remain aware while engaging in action, and to take a nonreactive stance toward internal experiences. Mindfulness-based interventions may be appropriate for promoting resilience in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne I. Roche
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Jenna L. Adamowicz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Manny S. Stegall
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Cole R. Toovey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Zoe Sirotiak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Emily B. K. Thomas
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, O. Omar ZT, Segun E, Evbayekha EO, Abolurin A, Egberuare EO, Ezegbe HC, Adegbosin A, Adedeji AG, Angaye EG, Izundu IC, Oyelade BO. Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Resilience and School Success in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Cureus 2022; 14:e31907. [PMID: 36579285 PMCID: PMC9792122 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders face known academic challenges and poor life outcomes. It was imperative to explore and find if the new diagnostic criterion for diagnosing autism profoundly affects educational outcomes and resilience in individuals diagnosed with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The literature is robust on the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on educational outcomes and resilience in adolescents with no history of disability. Still, there remains a dearth of literature explaining, with no ambiguity, the complex relationships between ACEs and resilience, school engagement, and success in individuals with co-occurring ASD and ADHD. This study reviews the existing scholarships on the topic. The significance of this review is that it informs healthcare providers, rehabilitation counselors, and educators about the need for early identification of individuals with ASD and ADHD with a background in ACEs. This will enable interventions early enough to ensure they are more resilient and can obtain improved success in school-related and outside-school activities and eventually improved quality of life.
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Garduno LS. How Influential are Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on Youths?: Analyzing the Immediate and Lagged Effect of ACEs on Deviant Behaviors. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:683-700. [PMID: 35958707 PMCID: PMC9360381 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on antisocial behaviors is well established in the literature, limited research, if any, has analyzed the effect that ACEs have on behaviors at two different times. Limited research also has analyzed the effect that specific ACEs have on deviant behaviors after statistically controlling for respondents' protective factors. This study expands the literature in this area by analyzing in a sample of 555 adolescents the immediate and lagged effect that individual ACEs, and exposure to a number of ACEs, have on three deviant behaviors after controlling for respondents' protective factors not previously examined in ACEs studies. Results obtained from multivariate logistic regression models revealed that stealing things was predicted by being hit hard, being sexually molested, and having lived with a depressed or suicidal individual; and receiving threats over the internet predicted physical fights. Only being hit hard and living with an alcoholic had a lagged effect on smoking marijuana. Results also showed that the protective factors of school connection, anger management skills, and parental supervision reduced the effect of ACEs on the behaviors analyzed. Research, theory, and policy implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Sergio Garduno
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and Criminology, Troy University, Troy, AL 36082 USA
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50
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Gómez G, Rivas M. Reading Achievement, Resilience, and Motivation in Contexts of Vulnerability: A Study of Perceived Self-Efficacy, Intrinsic Motivation, and Family Support in Chile. READING PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02702711.2022.2106333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gómez
- Institute of Education Sciences, University of O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Marlene Rivas
- Institute of Education Sciences, University of O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
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