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González DA, de la Torre VSG, Fernández RR, Barreau L, Merlot S. Divergent roles of IREG/Ferroportin transporters from the nickel hyperaccumulator Leucocroton havanensis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14261. [PMID: 38527955 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In response to our ever-increasing demand for metals, phytotechnologies are being developed to limit the environmental impact of conventional metal mining. However, the development of these technologies, which rely on plant species able to tolerate and accumulate metals, is partly limited by our lack of knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this work, we aimed to better understand the role of metal transporters of the IRON REGULATED 1/FERROPORTIN (IREG/FPN) family from the nickel hyperaccumulator Leucocroton havanensis from the Euphorbiaceae family. Using transcriptomic data, we identified two homologous genes, LhavIREG1 and LhavIREG2, encoding divalent metal transporters of the IREG/FPN family. Both genes are expressed at similar levels in shoots, but LhavIREG1 shows higher expression in roots. The heterologous expression of these transporters in A. thaliana revealed that LhavIREG1 is localized to the plasma membrane, whereas LhavIREG2 is located on the vacuole. In addition, the expression of each gene induced a significant increase in nickel tolerance. Taken together, our data suggest that LhavIREG2 is involved in nickel sequestration in vacuoles of leaf cells, whereas LhavIREG1 is mainly involved in nickel translocation from roots to shoots, but could also be involved in metal sequestration in cell walls. Our results suggest that paralogous IREG/FPN transporters may play complementary roles in nickel hyperaccumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubiel Alfonso González
- Jardín Botánico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
- Universidad Agraria de La Habana, Facultad de Agronomía, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | | | - Rolando Reyes Fernández
- Universidad Agraria de La Habana, Facultad de Agronomía, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Louise Barreau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sylvain Merlot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/UPS/INPT, France
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2
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Nguyen NN, Lamotte O, Alsulaiman M, Ruffel S, Krouk G, Berger N, Demolombe V, Nespoulous C, Dang TMN, Aimé S, Berthomieu P, Dubos C, Wendehenne D, Vile D, Gosti F. Reduction in PLANT DEFENSIN 1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana results in increased resistance to pathogens and zinc toxicity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5374-5393. [PMID: 37326591 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of defensins in plants correlates with their increased capacity to withstand abiotic and biotic stresses. This applies to Arabidopsis thaliana, where some of the seven members of the PLANT DEFENSIN 1 family (AtPDF1) are recognised to improve plant responses to necrotrophic pathogens and increase seedling tolerance to excess zinc (Zn). However, few studies have explored the effects of decreased endogenous defensin expression on these stress responses. Here, we carried out an extensive physiological and biochemical comparative characterization of (i) novel artificial microRNA (amiRNA) lines silenced for the five most similar AtPDF1s, and (ii) a double null mutant for the two most distant AtPDF1s. Silencing of five AtPDF1 genes was specifically associated with increased aboveground dry mass production in mature plants under excess Zn conditions, and with increased plant tolerance to different pathogens - a fungus, an oomycete and a bacterium, while the double mutant behaved similarly to the wild type. These unexpected results challenge the current paradigm describing the role of PDFs in plant stress responses. Additional roles of endogenous plant defensins are discussed, opening new perspectives for their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Nga Nguyen
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Lamotte
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, F-21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Mohanad Alsulaiman
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Nathalie Berger
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Vincent Demolombe
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Claude Nespoulous
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Thi Minh Nguyet Dang
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Sébastien Aimé
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, F-21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Berthomieu
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Christian Dubos
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, F-21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2 Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Françoise Gosti
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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3
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Pinto Irish K, Harvey MA, Harris HH, Aarts MGM, Chan CX, Erskine PD, van der Ent A. Micro-analytical and molecular approaches for understanding the distribution, biochemistry, and molecular biology of selenium in (hyperaccumulator) plants. PLANTA 2022; 257:2. [PMID: 36416988 PMCID: PMC9684236 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Micro-analytical techniques to untangle Se distribution and chemical speciation in plants coupled with molecular biology analysis enable the deciphering of metabolic pathways responsible for Se tolerance and accumulation. Selenium (Se) is not essential for plants and is toxic at high concentrations. However, Se hyperaccumulator plants have evolved strategies to both tolerate and accumulate > 1000 µg Se g-1 DW in their living above-ground tissues. Given the complexity of the biochemistry of Se, various approaches have been adopted to study Se metabolism in plants. These include X-ray-based techniques for assessing distribution and chemical speciation of Se, and molecular biology techniques to identify genes implicated in Se uptake, transport, and assimilation. This review presents these techniques, synthesises the current state of knowledge on Se metabolism in plants, and highlights future directions for research into Se (hyper)accumulation and tolerance. We conclude that powerful insights may be gained from coupling information on the distribution and chemical speciation of Se to genome-scale studies to identify gene functions and molecular mechanisms that underpin Se tolerance and accumulation in these ecologically and biotechnologically important plants species. The study of Se metabolism is challenging and is a useful testbed for developing novel analytical approaches that are potentially more widely applicable to the study of the regulation of a wide range of metal(loid)s in hyperaccumulator plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Pinto Irish
- The University of Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Institute, Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Maggie-Anne Harvey
- The University of Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Institute, Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cheong Xin Chan
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peter D Erskine
- The University of Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Institute, Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Antony van der Ent
- The University of Queensland, Sustainable Minerals Institute, Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Li GZ, Wang YY, Liu J, Liu HT, Liu HP, Kang GZ. Exogenous melatonin mitigates cadmium toxicity through ascorbic acid and glutathione pathway in wheat. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113533. [PMID: 35453025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a dispensable element that can be absorbed by crops, posing a threat to human health through the food chains. Melatonin (MT), as a plant growth regulator, has been used to alleviate Cd toxicity in many plant species; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for Cd toxicity in wheat are still poorly understood. In this study, the suitable exogenous MT concentration (50 μM) was screened to mitigate Cd toxicity of wheat plants by increasing the plant height, root length, fresh or dry weight and chlorophyll content, or decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In addition, MT application significantly increased ascorbic acid (ASA) and glutathione (GSH) content by reducing ROS production, especially in roots, further decreasing Cd content in fraction of organelles. Moreover, the expression levels of ASA-GSH synthesis genes, APX, GR, and GST were significantly increased by 171.5%, 465.2%, and 256.8% in roots, respectively, whereas GSH, DHAR, or MDHAR were significantly decreased by 48.5%, 54.3%, or 60.0% in roots under MT + Cd stress. However, the expression levels of Cd-induced metal transporter genes TaNramp1, TaNramp5, TaHMA2, TaHMA3, and TaLCT1 were significantly decreased by 53.7%, 50.1%, 86.5%, 87.2%, and 94.5% in roots under MT + Cd stress compared with alone Cd treatment, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggesting that MT alleviate Cd toxicity in wheat by enhancing ASA-GSH metabolism, suppressing Cd transporter gene expression, and regulating Cd uptake and translocation in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Zi Li
- The National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Technological Innovation Centre of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jin Liu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hai-Tao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Huai-Pan Liu
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal College, Zhoukou 466001, China.
| | - Guo-Zhang Kang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Technological Innovation Centre of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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5
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Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. Low-molecular-weight ligands in plants: role in metal homeostasis and hyperaccumulation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:51-96. [PMID: 32653983 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrition is one of the key factors determining plant productivity. In plants, metal homeostasis is achieved through the functioning of a complex system governing metal uptake, translocation, distribution, and sequestration, leading to the maintenance of a regulated delivery of micronutrients to metal-requiring processes as well as detoxification of excess or non-essential metals. Low-molecular-weight ligands, such as nicotianamine, histidine, phytochelatins, phytosiderophores, and organic acids, play an important role in metal transport and detoxification in plants. Nicotianamine and histidine are also involved in metal hyperaccumulation, which determines the ability of some plant species to accumulate a large amount of metals in their shoots. In this review we extensively summarize and discuss the current knowledge of the main pathways for the biosynthesis of these ligands, their involvement in metal uptake, radial and long-distance transport, as well as metal influx, isolation and sequestration in plant tissues and cell compartments. It is analyzed how diverse endogenous ligand levels in plants can determine their different tolerance to metal toxic effects. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the physiological role of these compounds in metal homeostasis, which is an essential task of modern ionomics and plant physiology. It is of key importance in studying the influence of metal deficiency or excess on various physiological processes, which is a prerequisite to the improvement of micronutrient uptake efficiency and crop productivity and to the development of a variety of applications in phytoremediation, phytomining, biofortification, and nutritional crop safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPPRAS, Botanicheskaya st., 35, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127276.
| | - A D Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPPRAS, Botanicheskaya st., 35, Moscow, Russian Federation, 127276
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6
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Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: A Sustainable Green Solution for Clean Environment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112110348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by various sources has become a major worry all over the world. Pollutants can enter the human body through the food chain from aquatic and soil habitats. These pollutants can cause various chronic diseases in humans and mortality if they collect in the body over an extended period. Although the phytoremediation technique cannot completely remove harmful materials, it is an environmentally benign, cost-effective, and natural process that has no negative effects on the environment. The main types of phytoremediation, their mechanisms, and strategies to raise the remediation rate and the use of genetically altered plants, phytoremediation plant prospects, economics, and usable plants are reviewed in this review. Several factors influence the phytoremediation process, including types of contaminants, pollutant characteristics, and plant species selection, climate considerations, flooding and aging, the effect of salt, soil parameters, and redox potential. Phytoremediation’s environmental and economic efficiency, use, and relevance are depicted in our work. Multiple recent breakthroughs in phytoremediation technologies are also mentioned in this review.
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7
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van der Ent A, Nkrumah PN, Aarts MGM, Baker AJM, Degryse F, Wawryk C, Kirby JK. Isotopic signatures reveal zinc cycling in the natural habitat of hyperaccumulator Dichapetalum gelonioides subspecies from Malaysian Borneo. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:437. [PMID: 34579652 PMCID: PMC8474765 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some subspecies of Dichapetalum gelonioides are the only tropical woody zinc (Zn)-hyperaccumulator plants described so far and the first Zn hyperaccumulators identified to occur exclusively on non-Zn enriched 'normal' soils. The aim of this study was to investigate Zn cycling in the parent rock-soil-plant interface in the native habitats of hyperaccumulating Dichapetalum gelonioides subspecies (subsp. pilosum and subsp. sumatranum). We measured the Zn isotope ratios (δ66Zn) of Dichapetalum plant material, and associated soil and parent rock materials collected from Sabah (Malaysian Borneo). RESULTS We found enrichment in heavy Zn isotopes in the topsoil (δ66Zn 0.13 ‰) relative to deep soil (δ66Zn -0.15 ‰) and bedrock (δ66Zn -0.90 ‰). This finding suggests that both weathering and organic matter influenced the Zn isotope pattern in the soil-plant system, with leaf litter cycling contributing significantly to enriched heavier Zn in topsoil. Within the plant, the roots were enriched in heavy Zn isotopes (δ66Zn ~ 0.60 ‰) compared to mature leaves (δ66Zn ~ 0.30 ‰), which suggests highly expressed membrane transporters in these Dichapetalum subspecies preferentially transporting lighter Zn isotopes during root-to-shoot translocation. The shoots, mature leaves and phloem tissues were enriched in heavy Zn isotopes (δ66Zn 0.34-0.70 ‰) relative to young leaves (δ66Zn 0.25 ‰). Thisindicates that phloem sources are enriched in heavy Zn isotopes relative to phloem sinks, likely because of apoplastic retention and compartmentalization in the Dichapetalum subspecies. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study reveal Zn cycling in the rock-soil-plant continuum within the natural habitat of Zn hyperaccumulating subspecies of Dichapetalum gelonioides from Malaysian Borneo. This study broadens our understanding of the role of a tropical woody Zn hyperaccumulator plant in local Zn cycling, and highlights the important role of leaf litter recycling in the topsoil Zn budget. Within the plant, phloem plays key role in Zn accumulation and redistribution during growth and development. This study provides an improved understanding of the fate and behaviour of Zn in hyperaccumulator soil-plant systems, and these insights may be applied in the biofortification of crops with Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, Australia
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, UMR 1120, Nancy, France
| | - Philip Nti Nkrumah
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, Australia.
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan J M Baker
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072, St Lucia, Australia
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, UMR 1120, Nancy, France
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fien Degryse
- Soil Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Chris Wawryk
- Industry Environments Program, CSIRO Land and Water, Environmental Assessment and Technologies, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jason K Kirby
- Industry Environments Program, CSIRO Land and Water, Environmental Assessment and Technologies, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Sytar O, Ghosh S, Malinska H, Zivcak M, Brestic M. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of metal accumulation in hyperaccumulator plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:148-166. [PMID: 33219524 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Most of the heavy metals (HMs), and metals/metalloids are released into the nature either by natural phenomenon or anthropogenic activities. Being sessile organisms, plants are constantly exposed to HMs in the environment. The metal non-hyperaccumulating plants are susceptible to excess metal concentrations. They tend to sequester metals in their root vacuoles by forming complexes with metal ligands, as a detoxification strategy. In contrast, the metal-hyperaccumulating plants have adaptive intrinsic regulatory mechanisms to hyperaccumulate or sequester excess amounts of HMs into their above-ground tissues rather than accumulating them in roots. They have unique abilities to successfully carry out normal physiological functions without showing any visible stress symptoms unlike metal non-hyperaccumulators. The unique abilities of accumulating excess metals in hyperaccumulators partly owes to constitutive overexpression of metal transporters and ability to quickly translocate HMs from root to shoot. Various metal ligands also play key roles in metal hyperaccumulating plants. These metal hyperaccumulating plants can be used in metal contaminated sites to clean-up soils. Exploiting the knowledge of natural populations of metal hyperaccumulators complemented with cutting-edge biotechnological tools can be useful in the future. The present review highlights the recent developments in physiological and molecular mechanisms of metal accumulation of hyperaccumulator plants in the lights of metal ligands and transporters. The contrasting mechanisms of metal accumulation between hyperaccumulators and non-hyperaccumulators are thoroughly compared. Moreover, uses of different metal hyperaccumulators for phytoremediation purposes are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Supriya Ghosh
- Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia-741235, India
| | - Hana Malinska
- Department of Biology, Jan Evangelista Purkyne University, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Peng JS, Guan YH, Lin XJ, Xu XJ, Xiao L, Wang HH, Meng S. Comparative understanding of metal hyperaccumulation in plants: a mini-review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1599-1607. [PMID: 32060864 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulator plants are ideal models for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of plant metal homeostasis and environmental adaptation due to their notable traits of metal accumulation and tolerance. These traits may benefit either the biofortification of essential mineral nutrients or the phytoremediation of nonessential toxic metals. A common mechanism by which elevated expression of key genes involved in metal transport or chelation contributes to hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance was proposed mainly from studies examining two Brassicaceae hyperaccumulators, namely Arabidopsis halleri and Noccaea caerulescens (formerly Thlaspi caerulescens). Meanwhile, recent findings regarding systems outside the Brassicaceae hyperaccumulators indicated that functional enhancement of key genes might represent a strategy evolved by hyperaccumulator plants. This review provides a brief outline of metal hyperaccumulation in plants and highlights commonalities and differences among various hyperaccumulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shi Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.
| | - Yu-Hao Guan
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Xian-Jing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Safe Utilization of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils, College of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | - Shuan Meng
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
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10
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Yu Q, Zhang ZC, Wang MY, Scavo A, Schroeder JI, Qiu BS. Identification and characterization of SaeIF1 from the eukaryotic translation factor SUI1 family in cadmium hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. PLANTA 2021; 253:12. [PMID: 33389204 PMCID: PMC7847809 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03539-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Cadmium-sensitive yeast screening resulted in the isolation of protein translation factor SaeIF1 from the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii which has both general and special regulatory roles in controlling cadmium accumulation. The hyperaccumulator of Sedum alfredii has the extraordinary ability to hyperaccumulate cadmium (Cd) in shoots. To investigate its underlying molecular mechanisms of Cd hyperaccumulation, a cDNA library was generated from leaf tissues of S. alfredii. SaeIF1, belonging to the eukaryotic protein translation factor SUI1 family, was identified by screening Cd-sensitive yeast transformants with this library. The full-length cDNA of SaeIF1 has 582 bp and encodes a predicted protein with 120 amino acids. Transient expression assays showed subcellular localization of SaeIF1 in the cytoplasm. SaeIF1 was constitutively and highly expressed in roots and shoots of the hyperaccumulator of S. alfredii, while its transcript levels showed over 100-fold higher expression in the hyperaccumulator of S. alfredii relative to the tissues of a nonhyperaccumulating ecotype of S. alfredii. However, the overexpression of SaeIF1 in yeast cells increased Cd accumulation, but conferred more Cd sensitivity. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing SaeIF1 accumulated more Cd in roots and shoots without changes in the ratio of Cd content in shoots and roots, but were more sensitive to Cd stress than wild type. Both special and general roles of SaeIF1 in Cd uptake, transportation, and detoxification are discussed, and might be responsible for the hyperaccumulation characteristics of S. alfredii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Zhong-Chun Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao-Yu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexander Scavo
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0116, USA
| | - Bao-Sheng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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11
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García de la Torre VS, Majorel-Loulergue C, Rigaill GJ, Alfonso-González D, Soubigou-Taconnat L, Pillon Y, Barreau L, Thomine S, Fogliani B, Burtet-Sarramegna V, Merlot S. Wide cross-species RNA-Seq comparison reveals convergent molecular mechanisms involved in nickel hyperaccumulation across dicotyledons. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:994-1006. [PMID: 32583438 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Anthropocene epoch is associated with the spreading of metals in the environment increasing oxidative and genotoxic stress on organisms. Interestingly, c. 520 plant species growing on metalliferous soils acquired the capacity to accumulate and tolerate a tremendous amount of nickel in their shoots. The wide phylogenetic distribution of these species suggests that nickel hyperaccumulation evolved multiple times independently. However, the exact nature of these mechanisms and whether they have been recruited convergently in distant species is not known. To address these questions, we have developed a cross-species RNA-Seq approach combining differential gene expression analysis and cluster of orthologous group annotation to identify genes linked to nickel hyperaccumulation in distant plant families. Our analysis reveals candidate orthologous genes encoding convergent function involved in nickel hyperaccumulation, including the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites and cell wall organization. Our data also point out that the high expression of IREG/Ferroportin transporters recurrently emerged as a mechanism involved in nickel hyperaccumulation in plants. We further provide genetic evidence in the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens for the role of the NcIREG2 transporter in nickel sequestration in vacuoles. Our results provide molecular tools to better understand the mechanisms of nickel hyperaccumulation and study their evolution in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa S García de la Torre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Clarisse Majorel-Loulergue
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, Nouméa Cedex, 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Guillem J Rigaill
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d'Evry (LaMME), Université d'Evry, CNRS, ENSIIE, USC INRAE, 23 bvd de France, Evry Cedex, 91037, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
| | | | - Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
- Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Yohan Pillon
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier Cedex, 34398, France
| | - Louise Barreau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Sébastien Thomine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Bruno Fogliani
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, Nouméa Cedex, 98851, New Caledonia
- Equipe ARBOREAL, Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), BP 73, Païta, 98890, New Caledonia
| | - Valérie Burtet-Sarramegna
- Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, Nouméa Cedex, 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Sylvain Merlot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
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12
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Spielmann J, Ahmadi H, Scheepers M, Weber M, Nitsche S, Carnol M, Bosman B, Kroymann J, Motte P, Clemens S, Hanikenne M. The two copies of the zinc and cadmium ZIP6 transporter of Arabidopsis halleri have distinct effects on cadmium tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2143-2157. [PMID: 32445418 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants have the ability to colonize highly diverse environments. The zinc and cadmium hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri has adapted to establish populations on soils covering an extreme range of metal availabilities. The A. halleri ZIP6 gene presents several hallmarks of hyperaccumulation candidate genes: it is constitutively highly expressed in roots and shoots and is associated with a zinc accumulation quantitative trait locus. Here, we show that AhZIP6 is duplicated in the A. halleri genome. The two copies are expressed mainly in the vasculature in both A. halleri and Arabidopsis thaliana, indicative of conserved cis regulation, and acquired partial organ specialization. Yeast complementation assays determined that AhZIP6 is a zinc and cadmium transporter. AhZIP6 silencing in A. halleri or expression in A. thaliana alters cadmium tolerance, but has no impact on zinc and cadmium accumulation. AhZIP6-silenced plants display reduced cadmium uptake upon short-term exposure, adding AhZIP6 to the limited number of Cd transporters supported by in planta evidence. Altogether, our data suggest that AhZIP6 is key to fine-tune metal homeostasis in specific cell types. This study additionally highlights the distinct fates of duplicated genes in A. halleri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Spielmann
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hassan Ahmadi
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Maxime Scheepers
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michael Weber
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sarah Nitsche
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Monique Carnol
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Bosman
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Juergen Kroymann
- CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Patrick Motte
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marc Hanikenne
- InBioS-PhytoSystems, Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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13
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van der Ent A, Spiers KM, Brueckner D, Echevarria G, Aarts MGM, Montargès-Pelletier E. Spatially-resolved localization and chemical speciation of nickel and zinc in Noccaea tymphaea and Bornmuellera emarginata. Metallomics 2020; 11:2052-2065. [PMID: 31651002 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperaccumulator plants present the ideal model system for studying the physiological regulation of the essential (and potentially toxic) transition elements nickel and zinc. This study used synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy (XFM) elemental imaging and spatially resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) to elucidate elemental localization and chemical speciation of nickel and zinc in the hyperaccumulators Noccaea tymphaea and Bornmuellera emarginata (synonym Leptoplax emarginata). The results show that in the leaves of N. tymphaea nickel and zinc have contrasting localization, and whereas nickel is present in vacuoles of epidermal cells, zinc occurs mainly in the mesophyll cells. In the seeds Ni and Zn are similarly localized and strongly enriched in the cotyledons in N. tymphaea. Nickel is strongly enriched in the tip of the radicle of B. emarginata. Noccaea tymphaea has an Fe-rich provascular strand network in the cotyledons of the seed. The chemical speciation of Ni in the seeds of N. tymphaea is unequivocally associated with carboxylic acids, whereas Zn is present as the phytate complex. The spatially resolved spectroscopy did not reveal any spatial variation in chemical speciation of Ni and Zn within the N. tymphaea seed. The dissimilar ecophysiological behaviour of Ni and Zn in N. tymphaea and B. emarginata raises questions about the evolution of hyperaccumulation in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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14
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Balafrej H, Bogusz D, Triqui ZEA, Guedira A, Bendaou N, Smouni A, Fahr M. Zinc Hyperaccumulation in Plants: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E562. [PMID: 32365483 PMCID: PMC7284839 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential microelement involved in many aspects of plant growth and development. Abnormal zinc amounts, mostly due to human activities, can be toxic to flora, fauna, and humans. In plants, excess zinc causes morphological, biochemical, and physiological disorders. Some plants have the ability to resist and even accumulate zinc in their tissues. To date, 28 plant species have been described as zinc hyperaccumulators. These plants display several morphological, physiological, and biochemical adaptations resulting from the activation of molecular Zn hyperaccumulation mechanisms. These adaptations can be varied between species and within populations. In this review, we describe the physiological and biochemical as well as molecular mechanisms involved in zinc hyperaccumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Balafrej
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Didier Bogusz
- Equipe Rhizogenèse, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité Adaptation et développement des Plantes, Université Montpellier 2, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Zine-El Abidine Triqui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abdelkarim Guedira
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Najib Bendaou
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
| | - Mouna Fahr
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de biotechnologie végétale et microbienne biodiversité et environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Maroc
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15
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Corso M, García de la Torre VS. Biomolecular approaches to understanding metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation in plants. Metallomics 2020; 12:840-859. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00043d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trace metal elements are essential for plant growth but become toxic at high concentrations, while some non-essential elements, such as Cd and As, show toxicity even in traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Corso
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin
- Université Paris-Saclay
- INRAE
- AgroParisTech
- 78000 Versailles
| | - Vanesa S. García de la Torre
- Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology
- Ruhr University Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
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16
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Nishida S, Tanikawa R, Ishida S, Yoshida J, Mizuno T, Nakanishi H, Furuta N. Elevated Expression of Vacuolar Nickel Transporter Gene IREG2 Is Associated With Reduced Root-to-Shoot Nickel Translocation in Noccaea japonica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:610. [PMID: 32582232 PMCID: PMC7283525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A number of metal hyperaccumulator plants, including nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulators, have been identified in the genus Noccaea. The ability to accumulate Ni in shoots varies widely among species and ecotypes in this genus; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this intra- and inter-specific variation. Here, in hydroponic culture, we compared Ni accumulation patterns between Noccaea japonica, which originated in Ni-enriched serpentine soils in Mt. Yubari (Hokkaido, Japan), and Noccaea caerulescens ecotype Ganges, which originated in zinc/lead-mine soils in Southern France. Both Noccaea species showed extremely high Ni tolerance compared with that of the non-accumulator Arabidopsis thaliana. But, following treatment with 200 μM Ni, N. caerulescens showed leaf chlorosis, whereas N. japonica did not show any stress symptoms. Shoot Ni concentration was higher in N. caerulescens than in N. japonica; this difference was due to higher efficiency of root-to-shoot Ni translocation in N. caerulescens than N. japonica. It is known that the vacuole Ni transporter IREG2 suppresses Ni translocation from roots to shoots by sequestering Ni in the root vacuoles. The expression level of the IREG2 gene in the roots of N. japonica was 10-fold that in the roots of N. caerulescens. Moreover, the copy number of IREG2 per genome was higher in N. japonica than in N. caerulescens, suggesting that IREG2 expression is elevated by gene multiplication in N. japonica. The heterologous expression of IREG2 of N. japonica and N. caerulescens in yeast and A. thaliana confirmed that both IREG2 genes encode functional vacuole Ni transporters. Taking these results together, we hypothesize that the elevation of IREG2 expression by gene multiplication causes the lower root-to-shoot Ni translocation in N. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Nishida
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- *Correspondence: Sho Nishida,
| | - Ryoji Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Ishida
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshida
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Mizuno
- Laboratory of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Furuta
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Naoki Furuta,
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17
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Borovička J, Konvalinková T, Žigová A, Ďurišová J, Gryndler M, Hršelová H, Kameník J, Leonhardt T, Sácký J. Disentangling the factors of contrasting silver and copper accumulation in sporocarps of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita strobiliformis from two sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133679. [PMID: 31400682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amanita strobiliformis (European Pine Cone Lepidella) is an ectomycorrhizal fungus of the Amanitaceae family known to hyperaccumulate Ag in the sporocarps. Two populations (ecotypes) of A. strobiliformis collected from two urban forest plantations in Prague, Czech Republic, were investigated. The concentrations of Ag, Cu, Cd, and Zn were determined in the mushrooms. The metal mobility and fractionation in the soils was investigated by single extractions and sequential extraction. The soil distribution of A. strobiliformis mycelium was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The metal uptake from the soil into the mushroom sporocarps was traced by Pb isotopic fingerprinting. The findings suggested that A. strobiliformis (i) accumulates primarily Ag from the topsoil layer (circa 12cm deep) and (ii) accumulates Ag associated with the "reducible soil fraction". The concentrations of all metals, particularly Ag and Cu, were significantly higher in the A. strobiliformis sporocarps from one of the investigated sites (Klíčov). The elevated concentrations of Ag in the sporocarps from Klíčov can possibly be attributed to the higher Ag content in the topsoil layer found at this site. However, the simultaneously elevated concentrations of Cu in A. strobiliformis from Klíčov cannot be explained by the differences in the geochemical background and should be attributed to biological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borovička
- Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Konvalinková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Žigová
- Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Ďurišová
- Institute of Geology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gryndler
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, České mládeže 8, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hršelová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kameník
- Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Leonhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sácký
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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Naila A, Meerdink G, Jayasena V, Sulaiman AZ, Ajit AB, Berta G. A review on global metal accumulators-mechanism, enhancement, commercial application, and research trend. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26449-26471. [PMID: 31363977 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The biosphere is polluted with metals due to burning of fossil fuels, pesticides, fertilizers, and mining. The metals interfere with soil conservations such as contaminating aqueous waste streams and groundwater, and the evidence of this has been recorded since 1900. Heavy metals also impact human health; therefore, the emancipation of the environment from these environmental pollutants is critical. Traditionally, techniques to remove these metals include soil washing, removal, and excavation. Metal-accumulating plants could be utilized to remove these metal pollutants which would be an alternative option that would simultaneously benefit commercially and at the same time clean the environment from these pollutants. Commercial application of pollutant metals includes biofortification, phytomining, phytoremediation, and intercropping. This review discusses about the metal-accumulating plants, mechanism of metal accumulation, enhancement of metal accumulation, potential commercial applications, research trends, and research progress to enhance the metal accumulation, benefits, and limitations of metal accumulators. The review identified that the metal accumulator plants only survive in low or medium polluted environments with heavy metals. Also, more research is required about metal accumulators in terms of genetics, breeding potential, agronomics, and the disease spectrum. Moreover, metal accumulators' ability to uptake metals need to be optimized by enhancing metal transportation, transformation, tolerance to toxicity, and volatilization in the plant. This review would benefit the industries and environment management authorities as it provides up-to-date research information about the metal accumulators, limitation of the technology, and what could be done to improve the metal enhancement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishath Naila
- Research Centre, Central Administration, The Maldives National University (MNU), Rahdhebai Hingun, Machangoalhi, 20371, Male, Maldives
| | - Gerrit Meerdink
- Food Science and Technology Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, - St. Augustine Campus, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
| | - Vijay Jayasena
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ahmad Z Sulaiman
- Faculty of Bio-Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Campus Jeli, Beg Berkunci No. 100, 17600, Kelantan Darul Naim, Jeli, Malaysia
| | - Azilah B Ajit
- Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
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19
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Vishwakarma K, Mishra M, Patil G, Mulkey S, Ramawat N, Pratap Singh V, Deshmukh R, Kumar Tripathi D, Nguyen HT, Sharma S. Avenues of the membrane transport system in adaptation of plants to abiotic stresses. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:861-883. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1616669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishwakarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Mitali Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Gunvant Patil
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Steven Mulkey
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Naleeni Ramawat
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | | | - Henry T. Nguyen
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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20
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Wang M, Duan S, Zhou Z, Chen S, Wang D. Foliar spraying of melatonin confers cadmium tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:68-76. [PMID: 30529622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional signaling molecule that regulates broad aspects of responses to environmental stresses in plants. Cadmium (Cd) is a persistent soil contaminant that is toxic to all living organisms. Recent reports have uncovered the protective role of melatonin in alleviating Cd phytotoxicity, but little is known about its regulatory mechanisms in plants. In this study, we found that foliar application of melatonin (in particular 100 μmol L-1) remarkably enhanced Cd tolerance of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) leaves, as evidenced by less Cd accumulation and alleviation of growth inhibition and photoinhibition, compared with nontreated Cd-stressed plants. The addition of melatonin also controlled oxidative damage of Cd on tobacco through direct scavenging and by enhancing the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Melatonin application promoted Cd sequestration in the cell wall and vacuoles based on the analysis of subcellular distribution of Cd in tobacco cells. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that melatonin-induced Cd tolerance in tobacco leaves was modulated by the expression of Cd-transport genes. Molecular evidence illustrated that modulation of IRT1, Nramp1, HMA2, HMA4, and HMA3 genes caused by melatonin could be responsible for weakening Cd uptake, Cd transportation to xylem, and intensifying Cd sequestration into the root vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Shuhui Duan
- Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha 410010, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Hunan Tobacco Science Institute, Changsha 410010, PR China
| | - Shibao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Duo Wang
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
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21
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Hu Y, Xu L, Tian S, Lu L, Lin X. Site-specific regulation of transcriptional responses to cadmium stress in the hyperaccumulator, Sedum alfredii: based on stem parenchymal and vascular cells. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:347-362. [PMID: 30644059 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We compared the transcriptomes of parenchymal and vascular cells of Sedum alfredii stem under Cd stress to reveal gene regulatory networks underlying Cd hyperaccumulation. Cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulation in plants is a complex biological process controlled by gene regulatory networks. Efficient transport through vascular systems and storage by parenchymal cells are vital for Cd hyperaccumulation in the Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii, but the genes involved are poorly understood. We investigated the spatial gene expression profiles of transport and storage sites in S. alfredii stem using laser-capture microdissection coupled with RNA sequencing. Gene expression patterns in response to Cd were distinct in vascular and parenchymal cells, indicating functional divisions that corresponded to Cd transportation and storage, respectively. In vascular cells, plasma membrane-related terms enriched a large number of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) for foundational roles in Cd transportation. Parenchymal cells contained considerable DEGs specifically concentrated on vacuole-related terms associated with Cd sequestration and detoxification. In both cell types, DEGs were classified into different metabolic pathways in a similar way, indicating the role of Cd in activating a systemic stress signalling network where ATP-binding cassette transporters and Ca2+ signal pathways were probably involved. This study identified site-specific regulation of transcriptional responses to Cd stress in S. alfredii and analysed a collection of genes that possibly function in Cd transportation and detoxification, thus providing systemic information and direction for further investigation of Cd hyperaccumulation molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shengke Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xianyong Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals and Pesticides Present in Water Using Aquatic Macrophytes. MICROORGANISMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9664-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Halimaa P, Blande D, Baltzi E, Aarts MGM, Granlund L, Keinänen M, Kärenlampi SO, Kozhevnikova AD, Peräniemi S, Schat H, Seregin IV, Tuomainen M, Tervahauta AI. Transcriptional effects of cadmium on iron homeostasis differ in calamine accessions of Noccaea caerulescens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:306-320. [PMID: 30288820 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Calamine accessions of the zinc/cadmium/nickel hyperaccumulator, Noccaea caerulescens, exhibit striking variation in foliar cadmium accumulation in nature. The Ganges accession (GA) from Southern France displays foliar cadmium hyperaccumulation (>1000 μg g-1 DW), whereas the accession La Calamine (LC) from Belgium, with similar local soil metal composition, does not (<100 μg g-1 DW). All calamine accessions are cadmium hypertolerant. To find out the differences between LC and GA in their basic adaptation mechanisms, we bypassed the cadmium excluding phenotype of LC by exposing the plants to 50 μm cadmium in hydroponics, achieving equal cadmium accumulation in the shoots. The iron content increased in the roots of both accessions. GA exhibited significant decreases in manganese and zinc contents in the roots and shoots, approaching those in LC. Altogether 702 genes responded differently to cadmium exposure between the accessions, 157 and 545 in the roots and shoots, respectively. Cadmium-exposed LC showed a stress response and had decreased levels of a wide range of photosynthesis-related transcripts. GA showed less changes, mainly exhibiting an iron deficiency-like response. This included increased expression of genes encoding five iron deficiency-regulated bHLH transcription factors, ferric reduction oxidase FRO2, iron transporters IRT1 and OPT3, and nicotianamine synthase NAS1, and decreased expression of genes encoding ferritins and NEET (a NEET family iron-sulfur protein), which is possibly involved in iron transfer, distribution and/or management. The function of the IRT1 gene in the accessions was compared. We conclude that the major difference between the two accessions is in the way they cope with iron under cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Halimaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Daniel Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erol Baltzi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mark G M Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Granlund
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa O Kärenlampi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna D Kozhevnikova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Sirpa Peräniemi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henk Schat
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilya V Seregin
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Botanicheskaya 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Marjo Tuomainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arja I Tervahauta
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
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24
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Xue J, Shi Y, Li C, Song H. Network pharmacology-based prediction of the active ingredients, potential targets, and signaling pathways in compound Lian-Ge granules for treatment of diabetes. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:6431-6440. [PMID: 30362298 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Compound Lian-Ge granules (CLGGs) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation with good hypoglycemic effect and health function. This study was to predict its active ingredients, potential targets, signaling pathways, and investigate its mechanism of "ingredient-targets-pathways." METHODS Pharmacodynamics studies on diabetic rats showed that CLGGs had an obvious hypoglycemic effect. On this basis, 27 hypoglycemic active ingredients were screened out. Their targets were confirmed by comparing with these hypoglycemic targets in PharmMapper and DrugBank databases via reversed pharmacophore matching approach. The relationships between ingredients and targets were revealed by comparing data in the String database. A network of "ingredient-target-passageway" was constructed. RESULTS Studies showed that CLGGs had 24 active ingredients, ie, berberine, puerarin, danshinolic acid A, and sinigrin, etc. These ingredients involved nine targets, ie, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, insulin-degrading enzyme, ɑ-amylase, and so on, and 111 metabolic pathways, eg, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, and FoxO signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Using network pharmacology methods, this study predicted the hypoglycemic active ingredients in CLGGs and revealed their targets, and provided a clue for further exploration of the hypoglycemic mechanism of CLGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Xue
- Department of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongli Shi
- Department of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Experimental Education Center of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huijie Song
- Department of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Pan Y, Zhu M, Wang S, Ma G, Huang X, Qiao C, Wang R, Xu X, Liang Y, Lu K, Li J, Qu C. Genome-Wide Characterization and Analysis of Metallothionein Family Genes That Function in Metal Stress Tolerance in Brassica napus L. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2181. [PMID: 30049941 PMCID: PMC6121329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica plants exhibit both high biomass productivity and high rates of heavy metal absorption. Metallothionein (MT) proteins are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins that play crucial roles in protecting plants from heavy metal toxicity. However, to date, MT proteins have not been systematically characterized in Brassica. In this study, we identified 60 MTs from Arabidopsis thaliana and five Brassica species. All the MT family genes from Brassica are closely related to Arabidopsis MTs, encoding putative proteins that share similar functions within the same clades. Genome mapping analysis revealed high levels of synteny throughout the genome due to whole genome duplication and segmental duplication events. We analyzed the expression levels of 16 Brassica napus MTs (BnaMTs) by RNA-sequencing and real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis in plants under As3+ stress. These genes exhibited different expression patterns in various tissues. Our results suggest that BnaMT3C plays a key role in the response to As3+ stress in B. napus. This study provides insight into the phylogeny, origin, and evolution of MT family members in Brassica, laying the foundation for further studies of the roles of MT proteins in these important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Meichen Zhu
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Guoqiang Ma
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiaohu Huang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Cailin Qiao
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xinfu Xu
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Ying Liang
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Kun Lu
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jiana Li
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Cunmin Qu
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Hoffman AM, Avolio ML, Knapp AK, Smith MD. Codominant grasses differ in gene expression under experimental climate extremes in native tallgrass prairie. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4394. [PMID: 29473008 PMCID: PMC5816582 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extremes in climate, such as heat waves and drought, are expected to become more frequent and intense with forecasted climate change. Plant species will almost certainly differ in their responses to these stressors. We experimentally imposed a heat wave and drought in the tallgrass prairie ecosystem near Manhattan, Kansas, USA to assess transcriptional responses of two ecologically important C4 grass species, Andropogon gerardii and Sorghastrum nutans. Based on previous research, we expected that S. nutans would regulate more genes, particularly those related to stress response, under high heat and drought. Across all treatments, S. nutans showed greater expression of negative regulatory and catabolism genes while A. gerardii upregulated cellular and protein metabolism. As predicted, S. nutans showed greater sensitivity to water stress, particularly with downregulation of non-coding RNAs and upregulation of water stress and catabolism genes. A. gerardii was less sensitive to drought, although A. gerardii tended to respond with upregulation in response to drought versus S. nutans which downregulated more genes under drier conditions. Surprisingly, A. gerardii only showed minimal gene expression response to increased temperature, while S. nutans showed no response. Gene functional annotation suggested that these two species may respond to stress via different mechanisms. Specifically, A. gerardii tends to maintain molecular function while S. nutans prioritizes avoidance. Sorghastrum nutans may strategize abscisic acid response and catabolism to respond rapidly to stress. These results have important implications for success of these two important grass species under a more variable and extreme climate forecast for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava M. Hoffman
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Meghan L. Avolio
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Alan K. Knapp
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Melinda D. Smith
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
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Merlot S, Sanchez Garcia de la Torre V, Hanikenne M. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Trace Element Hyperaccumulation. AGROMINING: FARMING FOR METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61899-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Peng JS, Ding G, Meng S, Yi HY, Gong JM. Enhanced metal tolerance correlates with heterotypic variation in SpMTL, a metallothionein-like protein from the hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1368-1378. [PMID: 28152585 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic insight into metal hyperaccumulation is largely restricted to Brassicaceae plants; therefore, it is of great importance to obtain corresponding knowledge from system outside the Brassicaceae. Here, we constructed and screened a cDNA library of the Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola and identified a novel metallothionein-like protein encoding gene SpMTL. SpMTL showed functional similarity to other known MT proteins and also to its orthologues from non-hyperaccumulators. However, three additional cysteine residues were observed in SpMTL and appeared to be hyperaccumulator specific. Removal of these three residues significantly decreased its ability to tolerate Cd and the stoichiometry of Cd against SpMTL (molar ratio of Cd/SpMTL) to a level comparable to those of Cd/SaMTL and Cd/SeMTL in the corresponding non-hyperaccumulating relatives. SpMTL expressed in S. plumbizincicola roots at a much higher level than those of its orthologues in the non-hyperaccumulator roots. Interestingly, a positive correlation was observed between transcript levels of SpMTL in roots and Cd accumulation in leaves. Taking these results together, we propose that elevated transcript levels and heterotypic variation in protein sequences of SpMTL might contribute to the trait of Cd hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance in S. plumbizincicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shi Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ge Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Crops Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Shuan Meng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Ying Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ji-Ming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research (Shanghai), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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29
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Fasani E, DalCorso G, Varotto C, Li M, Visioli G, Mattarozzi M, Furini A. The MTP1 promoters from Arabidopsis halleri reveal cis-regulating elements for the evolution of metal tolerance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1614-1630. [PMID: 28332702 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri, the zinc (Zn) vacuolar transporter MTP1 is a key component of hypertolerance. Because protein sequences and functions are highly conserved between A. halleri and Arabidopsis thaliana, Zn tolerance in A. halleri may reflect the constitutively higher MTP1 expression compared with A. thaliana, based on copy number expansion and different cis regulation. Three MTP1 promoters were characterized in A. halleri ecotype I16. The comparison with the A. thaliana MTP1 promoter revealed different expression profiles correlated with specific cis-acting regulatory elements. The MTP1 5' untranslated region, highly conserved among A. thaliana, Arabidopsis lyrata and A. halleri, contains a dimer of MYB-binding motifs in the A. halleri promoters absent in the A. thaliana and A. lyrata sequences. Site-directed mutagenesis of these motifs revealed their role for expression in trichomes. A. thaliana mtp1 transgenic lines expressing AtMTP1 controlled by the native A. halleri promoter were more Zn-tolerant than lines carrying mutations on MYB-binding motifs. Differences in Zn tolerance were associated with different distribution of Zn among plant organs and in trichomes. The different cis-acting elements in the MTP1 promoters of A. halleri, particularly the MYB-binding sites, are probably involved in the evolution of Zn tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fasani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Giovanni DalCorso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Claudio Varotto
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige (TN), 38010, Italy
| | - Mingai Li
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele all'Adige (TN), 38010, Italy
| | - Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/A, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Monica Mattarozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area delle Scienze, 11/A, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Antonella Furini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
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30
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Sarwar N, Imran M, Shaheen MR, Ishaque W, Kamran MA, Matloob A, Rehim A, Hussain S. Phytoremediation strategies for soils contaminated with heavy metals: Modifications and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:710-721. [PMID: 28061428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Presence of heavy metals in agricultural soils is of major environmental concern and a great threat to life on the earth. A number of human health risks are associated with heavy metals regarding their entry into food chain. Various physical, chemical and biological techniques are being used to remove heavy metals and metalloids from soils. Among them, phytoremediation is a good strategy to harvest heavy metals from soils and have been proven as an effective and economical technique. In present review, we discussed various sources and harmful effects of some important heavy metals and metalloids, traditional phytoremediation strategies, mechanisms involved in phytoremediation of these metals, limitations and some recent advances in phytoremediation approaches. Since traditional phytoremediation approach poses some limitations regarding their applications at large scale, so there is a dire need to modify this strategy using modern chemical, biological and genetic engineering tools. In view of above, the present manuscript brings both traditional and advanced phytoremediation techniques together in order to compare, understand and apply these strategies effectively to exclude heavy metals from soil keeping in view the economics and effectiveness of phytoremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Sarwar
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rashid Shaheen
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Ishaque
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Amar Matloob
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rehim
- Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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31
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Suryawanshi V, Talke IN, Weber M, Eils R, Brors B, Clemens S, Krämer U. Between-species differences in gene copy number are enriched among functions critical for adaptive evolution in Arabidopsis halleri. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:1034. [PMID: 28155655 PMCID: PMC5259951 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene copy number divergence between species is a form of genetic polymorphism that contributes significantly to both genome size and phenotypic variation. In plants, copy number expansions of single genes were implicated in cultivar- or species-specific tolerance of high levels of soil boron, aluminium or calamine-type heavy metals, respectively. Arabidopsis halleri is a zinc- and cadmium-hyperaccumulating extremophile species capable of growing on heavy-metal contaminated, toxic soils. In contrast, its non-accumulating sister species A. lyrata and the closely related reference model species A. thaliana exhibit merely basal metal tolerance. Results For a genome-wide assessment of the role of copy number divergence (CND) in lineage-specific environmental adaptation, we conducted cross-species array comparative genome hybridizations of three plant species and developed a global signal scaling procedure to adjust for sequence divergence. In A. halleri, transition metal homeostasis functions are enriched twofold among the genes detected as copy number expanded. Moreover, biotic stress functions including mostly disease Resistance (R) gene-related genes are enriched twofold among genes detected as copy number reduced, when compared to the abundance of these functions among all genes. Conclusions Our results provide genome-wide support for a link between evolutionary adaptation and CND in A. halleri as shown previously for Heavy metal ATPase4. Moreover our results support the hypothesis that elemental defences, which result from the hyperaccumulation of toxic metals, allow the reduction of classical defences against biotic stress as a trade-off. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3319-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasantika Suryawanshi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany.,BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ina N Talke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69121, Germany.,BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69121, Germany
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany. .,BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany.
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Luo ZB, He J, Polle A, Rennenberg H. Heavy metal accumulation and signal transduction in herbaceous and woody plants: Paving the way for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1131-1148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Silva-Guzman M, Addo-Quaye C, Dilkes BP. Re-Evaluation of Reportedly Metal Tolerant Arabidopsis thaliana Accessions. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0130679. [PMID: 27467746 PMCID: PMC4965157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Santa Clara, Limeport, and Berkeley are Arabidopsis thaliana accessions previously identified as diversely metal resistant. Yet these same accessions were determined to be genetically indistinguishable from the metal sensitive Col-0. We robustly tested tolerance for Zn, Ni and Cu, and genetic relatedness by growing these accessions under a range of Ni, Zn and Cu concentrations for three durations in multiple replicates. Neither metal resistance nor variance in growth were detected between them and Col-0. We re-sequenced the genomes of these accessions and all stocks available for each accession. In all cases they were nearly indistinguishable from the standard laboratory accession Col-0. As Santa Clara was allegedly collected from the Jasper Ridge serpentine outcrop in California, USA we investigated the possibility of extant A. thaliana populations adapted to serpentine soils. Botanically vouchered Arabidopsis accessions in the Jepson database were overlaid with soil maps of California. This provided no evidence of A. thaliana collections from serpentine sites in California. Thus, our work demonstrates that the Santa Clara, Berkeley and Limeport accessions are not metal tolerant, not genetically distinct from Col-0, and that there are no known serpentine adapted populations or accessions of A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Silva-Guzman
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Charles Addo-Quaye
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Dilkes
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li LS, Meng YP, Cao QF, Yang YZ, Wang F, Jia HS, Wu SB, Liu XG. Type 1 Metallothionein (ZjMT) Is Responsible for Heavy Metal Tolerance in Ziziphus jujuba. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 81:565-73. [PMID: 27301284 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791606002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins that are able to make cells to uptake heavy metals from the environment. Molecular and functional characterization of this gene family improves understanding of the mechanisms underlying heavy metal tolerance in higher organisms. In this study, a cDNA clone, encoding 74-a.a. metallothionein type 1 protein (ZjMT), was isolated from the cDNA library of Ziziphus jujuba. At the N- and C-terminals of the deduced amino acid sequence of ZjMT, six cysteine residues were arranged in a CXCXXXCXCXXXCXC and CXCXXXCXCXXCXC structure, respectively, indicating that ZjMT is a type 1 MT. Quantitative PCR analysis of plants subjected to cadmium stress showed enhanced expression of ZjMT gene in Z. jujuba within 24 h upon Cd exposure. Escherichia coli cells expressing ZjMT exhibited enhanced metal tolerance and higher accumulation of metal ions compared with control cells. The results indicate that ZjMT contributes to the detoxification of metal ions and provides marked tolerance against metal stresses. Therefore, ZjMT may be a potential candidate for tolerance enhancement in vulnerable plants to heavy metal stress and E. coli cells containing the ZjMT gene may be applied to adsorb heavy metals in polluted wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Song Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 030024 Taiyuan, China.
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Smith MD, Hoffman AM, Avolio ML. Gene expression patterns of two dominant tallgrass prairie species differ in response to warming and altered precipitation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25522. [PMID: 27174156 PMCID: PMC4865957 DOI: 10.1038/srep25522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the mechanisms underlying plant species responses to climate change, we compared transcriptional profiles of the co-dominant C4 grasses, Andropogon gerardii Vitman and Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash, in response to increased temperatures and more variable precipitation regimes in a long-term field experiment in native tallgrass prairie. We used microarray probing of a closely related model species (Zea mays) to assess correlations in leaf temperature (Tleaf) and leaf water potential (LWP) and abundance changes of ~10,000 transcripts in leaf tissue collected from individuals of both species. A greater number of transcripts were found to significantly change in abundance levels with Tleaf and LWP in S. nutans than in A. gerardii. S. nutans also was more responsive to short-term drought recovery than A. gerardii. Water flow regulating transcripts associated with stress avoidance (e.g., aquaporins), as well as those involved in the prevention and repair of damage (e.g., antioxidant enzymes, HSPs), were uniquely more abundant in response to increasing Tleaf in S. nutans. The differential transcriptomic responses of the co-dominant C4 grasses suggest that these species may cope with and respond to temperature and water stress at the molecular level in distinct ways, with implications for tallgrass prairie ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda D. Smith
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ava M. Hoffman
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Meghan L. Avolio
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, Annapolis, MD, 21401, USA
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Lin YF, Hassan Z, Talukdar S, Schat H, Aarts MGM. Expression of the ZNT1 Zinc Transporter from the Metal Hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens Confers Enhanced Zinc and Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation to Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149750. [PMID: 26930473 PMCID: PMC4773103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prompt regulation of transition metal transporters is crucial for plant zinc homeostasis. NcZNT1 is one of such transporters, found in the metal hyperaccumulator Brassicaceae species Noccaea caerulescens. It is orthologous to AtZIP4 from Arabidopsis thaliana, an important actor in Zn homeostasis. We examined if the NcZNT1 function contributes to the metal hyperaccumulation of N. caerulescens. NcZNT1 was found to be a plasma-membrane located metal transporter. Constitutive overexpression of NcZNT1 in A. thaliana conferred enhanced tolerance to exposure to excess Zn and Cd supply, as well as increased accumulation of Zn and Cd and induction of the Fe deficiency response, when compared to non-transformed wild-type plants. Promoters of both genes were induced by Zn deficiency in roots and shoots of A. thaliana. In A. thaliana, the AtZIP4 and NcZNT1 promoters were mainly active in cortex, endodermis and pericycle cells under Zn deficient conditions. In N. caerulescens, the promoters were active in the same tissues, though the activity of the NcZNT1 promoter was higher and not limited to Zn deficient conditions. Common cis elements were identified in both promoters by 5' deletion analysis. These correspond to the previously determined Zinc Deficiency Responsive Elements found in A. thaliana to interact with two redundantly acting transcription factors, bZIP19 and bZIP23, controlling the Zn deficiency response. In conclusion, these results suggest that NcZNT1 is an important factor in contributing to Zn and Cd hyperaccumulation in N. caerulescens. Differences in cis- and trans-regulators are likely to account for the differences in expression between A. thaliana and N. caerulescens. The high, constitutive NcZNT1 expression in the stele of N. caerulescens roots implicates its involvement in long distance root-to-shoot metal transport by maintaining a Zn/Cd influx into cells responsible for xylem loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fen Lin
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zeshan Hassan
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sangita Talukdar
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Schat
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Free University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark G. M. Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Gupta N, Ram H, Kumar B. Mechanism of Zinc absorption in plants: uptake, transport, translocation and accumulation. REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO/TECHNOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11157-016-9390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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Auguy F, Fahr M, Moulin P, El Mzibri M, Smouni A, Filali-Maltouf A, Béna G, Doumas P. Transcriptome Changes in Hirschfeldia incana in Response to Lead Exposure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1231. [PMID: 26793211 PMCID: PMC4710698 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hirschfeldia incana, a pseudometallophyte belonging to the Brassicaceae family and widespread in the Mediterranean region, was selected for its ability to grow on soils contaminated by lead (Pb). The global comparison of gene expression using microarrays between a plant susceptible to Pb (Arabidopsis thaliana) and a Pb tolerant plant (H. incana) enabled the identification of a set of specific genes expressed in response to lead exposure. Three groups of genes were particularly over-represented by the Pb exposure in the biological processes categorized as photosynthesis, cell wall, and metal handling. Each of these gene groups was shown to be directly involved in tolerance or in protection mechanisms to the phytotoxicity associated with Pb. Among these genes, we demonstrated that MT2b, a metallothionein gene, was involved in lead accumulation, confirming the important role of metallothioneins in the accumulation and the distribution of Pb in leaves. On the other hand, several genes involved in biosynthesis of ABA were shown to be up-regulated in the roots and shoots of H. incana treated with Pb, suggesting that ABA-mediated signaling is a possible mechanism in response to Pb treatment in H. incana. This latest finding is an important research direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Auguy
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR DIADE, Equipe RhizogenèseMontpellier, France
| | - Mouna Fahr
- Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UBRM-DSVRabat, Morocco
| | - Patricia Moulin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-RabatRabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Mzibri
- Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UBRM-DSVRabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-RabatRabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-RabatRabat, Morocco
| | - Gilles Béna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR IPME, Equipe ABIPMontpellier, France
| | - Patrick Doumas
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des PlantesMontpellier, France
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Payne AC, Clarkson GJ, Rothwell S, Taylor G. Diversity in global gene expression and morphology across a watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) germplasm collection: first steps to breeding. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2015; 2:15029. [PMID: 26504575 PMCID: PMC4591680 DOI: 10.1038/hortres.2015.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is a nutrient intense, leafy crop that is consumed raw or in soups across the globe, but for which, currently no genomic resources or breeding programme exists. Promising morphological, biochemical and functional genomic variation was identified for the first time in a newly established watercress germplasm collection, consisting of 48 watercress accessions sourced from contrasting global locations. Stem length, stem diameter and anti-oxidant (AO) potential varied across the accessions. This variation was used to identify three extreme contrasting accessions for further analysis. Variation in global gene expression was investigated using an Affymetrix Arabidopsis ATH1 microarray gene chip, using the commercial control (C), an accession selected for dwarf phenotype with a high AO potential (dwarfAO, called 'Boldrewood') and one with high AO potential alone. A set of transcripts significantly differentially expressed between these three accessions, were identified, including transcripts involved in the regulation of growth and development and those involved in secondary metabolism. In particular, when differential gene expression was compared between C and dwarfAO, the dwarfAO was characterised by increased expression of genes encoding glucosinolates, which are known precursors of phenethyl isothiocyanate, linked to the anti-carcinogenic effects well-documented in watercress. This study provides the first analysis of natural variation across the watercress genome and has identified important underpinning information for future breeding for enhanced anti-carcinogenic properties and morphology traits in this nutrient-intense crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne C. Payne
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Graham J.J. Clarkson
- Vitacress Salads Ltd, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 6DB, UK
| | - Steve Rothwell
- Vitacress Salads Ltd, Lower Link Farm, St Mary Bourne, Andover, Hampshire, SP11 6DB, UK
| | - Gail Taylor
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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40
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Scheler C, Weitbrecht K, Pearce SP, Hampstead A, Büttner-Mainik A, Lee KJD, Voegele A, Oracz K, Dekkers BJW, Wang X, Wood ATA, Bentsink L, King JR, Knox JP, Holdsworth MJ, Müller K, Leubner-Metzger G. Promotion of testa rupture during garden cress germination involves seed compartment-specific expression and activity of pectin methylesterases. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:200-15. [PMID: 25429110 PMCID: PMC4280999 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.247429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pectin methylesterase (PME) controls the methylesterification status of pectins and thereby determines the biophysical properties of plant cell walls, which are important for tissue growth and weakening processes. We demonstrate here that tissue-specific and spatiotemporal alterations in cell wall pectin methylesterification occur during the germination of garden cress (Lepidium sativum). These cell wall changes are associated with characteristic expression patterns of PME genes and resultant enzyme activities in the key seed compartments CAP (micropylar endosperm) and RAD (radicle plus lower hypocotyl). Transcriptome and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis as well as PME enzyme activity measurements of separated seed compartments, including CAP and RAD, revealed distinct phases during germination. These were associated with hormonal and compartment-specific regulation of PME group 1, PME group 2, and PME inhibitor transcript expression and total PME activity. The regulatory patterns indicated a role for PME activity in testa rupture (TR). Consistent with a role for cell wall pectin methylesterification in TR, treatment of seeds with PME resulted in enhanced testa permeability and promoted TR. Mathematical modeling of transcript expression changes in germinating garden cress and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds suggested that group 2 PMEs make a major contribution to the overall PME activity rather than acting as PME inhibitors. It is concluded that regulated changes in the degree of pectin methylesterification through CAP- and RAD-specific PME and PME inhibitor expression play a crucial role during Brassicaceae seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scheler
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Karin Weitbrecht
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Simon P Pearce
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Anthony Hampstead
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Annette Büttner-Mainik
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Kieran J D Lee
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Antje Voegele
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Krystyna Oracz
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Bas J W Dekkers
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Andrew T A Wood
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Leónie Bentsink
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - John R King
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - J Paul Knox
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Michael J Holdsworth
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Kerstin Müller
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute for Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (C.S., K.W., A.B.-M., K.O., G.L.-M.);Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany (C.S.);Staatliches Weinbauinstitut Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany (K.W.);Centre for Plant Integrative Biology (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K., M.J.H.) and Division of Plant and Crop Science (S.P.P., M.J.H., K.M.), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom (S.P.P., A.H., A.T.A.W., J.R.K.)Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Sciences, Seed Quality, CH-8046 Zurich, Switzerland (A.B.-M.);Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L., J.P.K.);National Institute for Health Research Trainees Coordinating Centre, Leeds Innovation Centre, Leeds LS2 9DF, United Kingdom (K.J.D.L.);School of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre for Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom (A.V., G.L.-M.);Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland (K.O.);Wageningen Seed Laboratory, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands (B.J.W.D., L.B.);College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China (X.W.); andLaboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic (G.L.-M.)
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Graham NS, Hammond JP, Lysenko A, Mayes S, O Lochlainn S, Blasco B, Bowen HC, Rawlings CJ, Rios JJ, Welham S, Carion PWC, Dupuy LX, King GJ, White PJ, Broadley MR. Genetical and comparative genomics of Brassica under altered Ca supply identifies Arabidopsis Ca-transporter orthologs. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2818-30. [PMID: 25082855 PMCID: PMC4145116 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.128603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although Ca transport in plants is highly complex, the overexpression of vacuolar Ca(2+) transporters in crops is a promising new technology to improve dietary Ca supplies through biofortification. Here, we sought to identify novel targets for increasing plant Ca accumulation using genetical and comparative genomics. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping to 1895 cis- and 8015 trans-loci were identified in shoots of an inbred mapping population of Brassica rapa (IMB211 × R500); 23 cis- and 948 trans-eQTLs responded specifically to altered Ca supply. eQTLs were screened for functional significance using a large database of shoot Ca concentration phenotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. From 31 Arabidopsis gene identifiers tagged to robust shoot Ca concentration phenotypes, 21 mapped to 27 B. rapa eQTLs, including orthologs of the Ca(2+) transporters At-CAX1 and At-ACA8. Two of three independent missense mutants of BraA.cax1a, isolated previously by targeting induced local lesions in genomes, have allele-specific shoot Ca concentration phenotypes compared with their segregating wild types. BraA.CAX1a is a promising target for altering the Ca composition of Brassica, consistent with prior knowledge from Arabidopsis. We conclude that multiple-environment eQTL analysis of complex crop genomes combined with comparative genomics is a powerful technique for novel gene identification/prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil S Graham
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - John P Hammond
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AR, United Kingdom
| | - Artem Lysenko
- Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Mayes
- Crops for the Future Research Centre, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Seosamh O Lochlainn
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Bego Blasco
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Helen C Bowen
- Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Rawlings
- Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Juan J Rios
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Welham
- Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre W C Carion
- Computational and Systems Biology Department, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lionel X Dupuy
- James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
| | - Graham J King
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - Philip J White
- James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Lin YF, Severing EI, te Lintel Hekkert B, Schijlen E, Aarts MGM. A comprehensive set of transcript sequences of the heavy metal hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:261. [PMID: 24999345 PMCID: PMC4064536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Noccaea caerulescens is an extremophile plant species belonging to the Brassicaceae family. It has adapted to grow on soils containing high, normally toxic, concentrations of metals such as nickel, zinc, and cadmium. Next to being extremely tolerant to these metals, it is one of the few species known to hyperaccumulate these metals to extremely high concentrations in their aboveground biomass. In order to provide additional molecular resources for this model metal hyperaccumulator species to study and understand the mechanism of adaptation to heavy metal exposure, we aimed to provide a comprehensive database of transcript sequences for N. caerulescens. In this study, 23,830 transcript sequences (isotigs) with an average length of 1025 bp were determined for roots, shoots and inflorescences of N. caerulescens accession "Ganges" by Roche GS-FLEX 454 pyrosequencing. These isotigs were grouped into 20,378 isogroups, representing potential genes. This is a large expansion of the existing N. caerulescens transcriptome set consisting of 3705 unigenes. When translated and compared to a Brassicaceae proteome set, 22,232 (93.2%) of the N. caerulescens isotigs (corresponding to 19,191 isogroups) had a significant match and could be annotated accordingly. Of the remaining sequences, 98 isotigs resembled non-plant sequences and 1386 had no significant similarity to any sequence in the GenBank database. Among the annotated set there were many isotigs with similarity to metal homeostasis genes or genes for glucosinolate biosynthesis. Only for transcripts similar to Metallothionein3 (MT3), clear evidence for an additional copy was found. This comprehensive set of transcripts is expected to further contribute to the discovery of mechanisms used by N. caerulescens to adapt to heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fen Lin
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Edouard I. Severing
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bas te Lintel Hekkert
- Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research CentresWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elio Schijlen
- Business Unit Bioscience, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research CentresWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Mark G. M. Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
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43
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Halimaa P, Blande D, Aarts MGM, Tuomainen M, Tervahauta A, Kärenlampi S. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the metal hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:213. [PMID: 24904610 PMCID: PMC4033236 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The metal hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens is an established model to study the adaptation of plants to metalliferous soils. Various comparators have been used in these studies. The choice of suitable comparators is important and depends on the hypothesis to be tested and methods to be used. In high-throughput analyses such as microarray, N. caerulescens has been compared to non-tolerant, non-accumulator plants like Arabidopsis thaliana or Thlaspi arvense rather than to the related hypertolerant or hyperaccumulator plants. An underutilized source is N. caerulescens populations with considerable variation in their capacity to accumulate and tolerate metals. Whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) is revealing interesting variation in their gene expression profiles. Combining physiological characteristics of N. caerulescens accessions with their RNA-Seq has a great potential to provide detailed insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms, including entirely new gene products. In this review we will critically consider comparative transcriptome analyses carried out to explore metal hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance of N. caerulescens, and demonstrate the potential of RNA-Seq analysis as a tool in evolutionary genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Halimaa
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Daniel Blande
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Mark G. M. Aarts
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen UniversityWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marjo Tuomainen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Arja Tervahauta
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Kärenlampi
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
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44
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Milner MJ, Mitani-Ueno N, Yamaji N, Yokosho K, Craft E, Fei Z, Ebbs S, Clemencia Zambrano M, Ma JF, Kochian LV. Root and shoot transcriptome analysis of two ecotypes of Noccaea caerulescens uncovers the role of NcNramp1 in Cd hyperaccumulation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:398-410. [PMID: 24547775 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator, Noccaea caerulescens, has been studied extensively for its ability to accumulate high levels of Zn and Cd in its leaves. Previous studies have indicated that the Zn and Cd hyperaccumulation trait exhibited by this species involves different transport and tolerance mechanisms. It has also been well documented that certain ecotypes of N. caerulescens are much better Cd hyperaccumulators than others. However, there does not seem to be much ecotypic variation for Zn hyperaccumulation in N. caerulescens. In this study we employed a comparative transcriptomics approach to look at root and shoot gene expression in Ganges and Prayon plants in response to Cd stress to identify transporter genes that were more highly expressed in either the roots or shoots of the superior Cd accumulator, Ganges. Comparison of the transcriptomes from the two ecotypes of Noccaea caerulescens identified a number of genes that encoded metal transporters that were more highly expressed in the Ganges ecotype in response to Cd stress. Characterization of one of these transporters, NcNramp1, showed that it is involved in the influx of Cd across the endodermal plasma membrane and thus may play a key role in Cd flux into the stele and root-to-shoot Cd transport. NcNramp1 may be one of the main transporters involved in Cd hyperaccumulation in N. caerulescens and copy number variation appears to be the main reason for high NcNramp1 gene expression underlying the increased Cd accumulation in the Ganges ecotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Milner
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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45
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Merlot S, Hannibal L, Martins S, Martinelli L, Amir H, Lebrun M, Thomine S. The metal transporter PgIREG1 from the hyperaccumulator Psychotria gabriellae is a candidate gene for nickel tolerance and accumulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:1551-64. [PMID: 24510940 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nickel is an economically important metal and phytotechnologies are being developed to limit the impact of nickel mining on the environment. More than 300 plant species are known to hyperaccumulate nickel. However, our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in nickel accumulation in plants is very limited because it has not yet been possible to study these hyperaccumulators at the genomic level. Here, we used next-generation sequencing technologies to sequence the transcriptome of the nickel hyperaccumulator Psychotria gabriellae of the Rubiaceae family, and used yeast and Arabidopsis as heterologous systems to study the activity of identified metal transporters. We characterized the activity of three metal transporters from the NRAMP and IREG/FPN families. In particular, we showed that PgIREG1 is able to confer nickel tolerance when expressed in yeast and in transgenic plants, where it localizes in the tonoplast. In addition, PgIREG1 shows higher expression in P. gabriellae than in the related non-accumulator species Psychotria semperflorens. Our results designate PgIREG1 as a candidate gene for nickel tolerance and hyperaccumulation in P. gabriellae. These results also show how next-generation sequencing technologies can be used to access the transcriptome of non-model nickel hyperaccumulators to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Merlot
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Labex SPS, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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46
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Hermans C, Conn SJ, Chen J, Xiao Q, Verbruggen N. An update on magnesium homeostasis mechanisms in plants. Metallomics 2014; 5:1170-83. [PMID: 23420558 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt20223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, nearly two-thirds of the population do not consume the recommended amount of magnesium (Mg) in their diet. Furthermore, low Mg status (hypomagnesaemia) is known to contribute to a number of human chronic disease conditions. Because the principal dietary Mg source is of plant origin, agronomic and genetic biofortification strategies are aimed at improving nutritional Mg content in food crops to overcome this mineral deficiency in humans. This update incorporates the contributions of annotated permeases involved in Mg uptake, storage and recycling with a schematic model of Mg movement at the organ and cellular levels in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, approaches using mutagenesis or natural ionomic variation to identify loci involved in Mg homeostasis in roots, leaves and seeds will be summarised. A brief overview will be presented on how Arabidopsis research can help to develop strategies for biofortification of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hermans
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine CP 242, Bd du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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47
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Halimaa P, Lin YF, Ahonen VH, Blande D, Clemens S, Gyenesei A, Häikiö E, Kärenlampi SO, Laiho A, Aarts MGM, Pursiheimo JP, Schat H, Schmidt H, Tuomainen MH, Tervahauta AI. Gene expression differences between Noccaea caerulescens ecotypes help to identify candidate genes for metal phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:3344-53. [PMID: 24559272 DOI: 10.1021/es4042995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Populations of Noccaea caerulescens show tremendous differences in their capacity to hyperaccumulate and hypertolerate metals. To explore the differences that could contribute to these traits, we undertook SOLiD high-throughput sequencing of the root transcriptomes of three phenotypically well-characterized N. caerulescens accessions, i.e., Ganges, La Calamine, and Monte Prinzera. Genes with possible contribution to zinc, cadmium, and nickel hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance were predicted. The most significant differences between the accessions were related to metal ion (di-, trivalent inorganic cation) transmembrane transporter activity, iron and calcium ion binding, (inorganic) anion transmembrane transporter activity, and antioxidant activity. Analysis of correlation between the expression profile of each gene and the metal-related characteristics of the accessions disclosed both previously characterized (HMA4, HMA3) and new candidate genes (e.g., for nickel IRT1, ZIP10, and PDF2.3) as possible contributors to the hyperaccumulation/tolerance phenotype. A number of unknown Noccaea-specific transcripts also showed correlation with Zn(2+), Cd(2+), or Ni(2+) hyperaccumulation/tolerance. This study shows that N. caerulescens populations have evolved great diversity in the expression of metal-related genes, facilitating adaptation to various metalliferous soils. The information will be helpful in the development of improved plants for metal phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Halimaa
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland , P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
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48
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Nguyen NNT, Ranwez V, Vile D, Soulié MC, Dellagi A, Expert D, Gosti F. Evolutionary tinkering of the expression of PDF1s suggests their joint effect on zinc tolerance and the response to pathogen attack. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:70. [PMID: 24653728 PMCID: PMC3949115 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Multigenic families of Plant Defensin type 1 (PDF1) have been described in several species, including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana as well as zinc tolerant and hyperaccumulator A. halleri. In A. thaliana, PDF1 transcripts (AtPDF1) accumulate in response to pathogen attack following synergic activation of ethylene/jasmonate pathways. However, in A. halleri, PDF1 transcripts (AhPDF1) are constitutively highly accumulated. Through an evolutionary approach, we investigated the possibility of A. halleri or A. thaliana species specialization in different PDF1s in conveying zinc tolerance and/or the response to pathogen attack via activation of the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway. The accumulation of each PDF1 from both A. halleri and A. thaliana was thus compared in response to zinc excess and MeJA application. In both species, PDF1 paralogues were barely or not at all responsive to zinc. However, regarding the PDF1 response to JA signaling activation, A. thaliana had a higher number of PDF1s responding to JA signaling activation. Remarkably, in A. thaliana, a slight but significant increase in zinc tolerance was correlated with activation of the JA signaling pathway. In addition, A. halleri was found to be more tolerant to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea than A. thaliana. Since PDF1s are known to be promiscuous antifungal proteins able to convey zinc tolerance, we propose, on the basis of the findings of this study, that high constitutive PDF1 transcript accumulation in A. halleri is a potential way to skip the JA signaling activation step required to increase the PDF1 transcript level in the A. thaliana model species. This could ultimately represent an adaptive evolutionary process that would promote a PDF1 joint effect on both zinc tolerance and the response to pathogens in the A. halleri extremophile species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga N. T. Nguyen
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Montpellier SupAgro/CNRS/INRA/Université Montpellier IIMontpellier, France
| | - Vincent Ranwez
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et Tropicales, Montpellier SupAgro/CIRAD/INRAMontpellier, France
| | - Denis Vile
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), UMR759 INRA/SupAgroMontpellier, France
| | - Marie-Christine Soulié
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Pathogènes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 217, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ. Paris 06)Paris, France
| | - Alia Dellagi
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Pathogènes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 217 INRA/AgroParisTech/UPMCParis, France
| | - Dominique Expert
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Pathogènes, Unité Mixte de Recherche 217 INRA/AgroParisTech/UPMCParis, France
| | - Françoise Gosti
- Unité Mixte de Recherche, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Montpellier SupAgro/CNRS/INRA/Université Montpellier IIMontpellier, France
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49
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Lai HM, May ST, Mayes S. Pigeons: A Novel GUI Software for Analysing and Parsing High Density Heterologous Oligonucleotide Microarray Probe Level Data. MICROARRAYS 2014; 3:1-23. [PMID: 27605027 PMCID: PMC5003452 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays3010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomic DNA-based probe selection by using high density oligonucleotide arrays has recently been applied to heterologous species (Xspecies). With the advent of this new approach, researchers are able to study the genome and transcriptome of a non-model or an underutilised crop species through current state-of-the-art microarray platforms. However, a software package with a graphical user interface (GUI) to analyse and parse the oligonucleotide probe pair level data is still lacking when an experiment is designed on the basis of this cross species approach. A novel computer program called Pigeons has been developed for customised array data analysis to allow the user to import and analyse Affymetrix GeneChip® probe level data through XSpecies. One can determine empirical boundaries for removing poor probes based on genomic hybridisation of the test species to the Xspecies array, followed by making a species-specific Chip Description File (CDF) file for transcriptomics in the heterologous species, or Pigeons can be used to examine an experimental design to identify potential Single-Feature Polymorphisms (SFPs) at the DNA or RNA level. Pigeons is also focused around visualization and interactive analysis of the datasets. The software with its manual (the current release number version 1.2.1) is freely available at the website of the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ming Lai
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
- Department of Informatics, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Sean T May
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC), University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Sean Mayes
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
- Crops for the Future Research Centre, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus (UNMC), Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia.
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50
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Peng JS, Gong JM. Vacuolar sequestration capacity and long-distance metal transport in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:19. [PMID: 24550927 PMCID: PMC3912839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The vacuole is a pivotal organelle functioning in storage of metabolites, mineral nutrients, and toxicants in higher plants. Accumulating evidence indicates that in addition to its storage role, the vacuole contributes essentially to long-distance transport of metals, through the modulation of Vacuolar sequestration capacity (VSC) which is shown to be primarily controlled by cytosolic metal chelators and tonoplast-localized transporters, or the interaction between them. Plants adapt to their environments by dynamic regulation of VSC for specific metals and hence targeting metals to specific tissues. Study of VSC provides not only a new angle to understand the long-distance root-to-shoot transport of minerals in plants, but also an efficient way to biofortify essential mineral nutrients or to phytoremediate non-essential metal pollution. The current review will focus on the most recent proceedings on the interaction mechanisms between VSC regulation and long-distance metal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shi Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
- National Center for Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Ji-Ming Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
- National Center for Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ji-Ming Gong, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China e-mail:
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