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Rahimzadeh G, Tay A, Travica N, Lacy K, Mohamed S, Nahavandi D, Pławiak P, Qazani MC, Asadi H. Nutritional and Behavioral Countermeasures as Medication Approaches to Relieve Motion Sickness: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061320. [PMID: 36986050 PMCID: PMC10052985 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The mismatch in signals perceived by the vestibular and visual systems to the brain, also referred to as motion sickness syndrome, has been diagnosed as a challenging condition with no clear mechanism. Motion sickness causes undesirable symptoms during travel and in virtual environments that affect people negatively. Treatments are directed toward reducing conflicting sensory inputs, accelerating the process of adaptation, and controlling nausea and vomiting. The long-term use of current medications is often hindered by their various side effects. Hence, this review aims to identify non-pharmacological strategies that can be employed to reduce or prevent motion sickness in both real and virtual environments. Research suggests that activation of the parasympathetic nervous system using pleasant music and diaphragmatic breathing can help alleviate symptoms of motion sickness. Certain micronutrients such as hesperidin, menthol, vitamin C, and gingerol were shown to have a positive impact on alleviating motion sickness. However, the effects of macronutrients are more complex and can be influenced by factors such as the food matrix and composition. Herbal dietary formulations such as Tianxian and Tamzin were shown to be as effective as medications. Therefore, nutritional interventions along with behavioral countermeasures could be considered as inexpensive and simple approaches to mitigate motion sickness. Finally, we discussed possible mechanisms underlying these interventions, the most significant limitations, research gaps, and future research directions for motion sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Rahimzadeh
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Abdullatif Tay
- PepsiCo Inc., Food Safety and Global Process Authority, 433 W Van Buren St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (S.M.); Tel.: +61-3-522-72599 (S.M.)
| | - Nikolaj Travica
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT—The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Kathleen Lacy
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Shady Mohamed
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (S.M.); Tel.: +61-3-522-72599 (S.M.)
| | - Darius Nahavandi
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Paweł Pławiak
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mohammadreza Chalak Qazani
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Houshyar Asadi
- Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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Harrison TM, Brown R, Bonny AE, Manos BE, Bravender T. Omega-3 fatty acids and autonomic function in adolescents with anorexia: A randomized trial. Pediatr Res 2022; 92:1042-1050. [PMID: 35902705 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) have autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction as measured by heart rate variability (HRV). Omega-3 fatty acids may improve heart rate regulation. Our aim was to describe ANS response to a mid-day meal in adolescent females with AN in a 12-week treatment program, randomized to receive either omega-3 supplements or placebo. METHODS This pilot study was a longitudinal, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Each group was subdivided into an acutely ill cohort and a chronically ill cohort. Linear and non-linear measures of slope, mean, and pre/post-meal changes in HRV were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. RESULTS Twenty-four women (n = 12 placebo; n = 12 omega-3) were enrolled. By program end, the acute omega-3 group alone showed no change in any pre-meal slope. Acute and chronic omega-3 groups, but not placebo groups, demonstrated physiologically expected post-meal heart rate increases at 12 weeks. For all measures at 6 and 12 weeks, the chronic placebo and omega-3 groups had smaller physiologic responses to the meal compared with the acute groups. CONCLUSIONS Participation in a 12-week partial hospitalization program may improve autonomic function in response to mealtime, with possible additional benefit from omega-3 PUFA, particularly in those with acute illness. IMPACT Autonomic function with meals improves with a 12-week partial hospitalization program in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may improve autonomic function, especially in adolescent females with acute forms of anorexia nervosa. Longer duration of illness in adolescent females with anorexia nervosa is associated with blunted autonomic response to meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tondi M Harrison
- The Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Roger Brown
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrea E Bonny
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brittny E Manos
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Terrill Bravender
- University of Michigan Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Yang J, Kershaw KN. Feasibility of using ecological momentary assessment and continuous heart rate monitoring to measure stress reactivity in natural settings. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264200. [PMID: 35263368 PMCID: PMC8906632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The way people respond to stressful situations (i.e., stress reactivity) varies widely. Researchers typically measure stress reactivity in controlled studies, but this is limited because laboratory stressors cannot capture the variety, severity, or duration of stressors that individuals face in their daily lives. The present study examined the feasibility of using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and a wireless electrocardiography (ECG) patch to develop an understanding of stress reactivity in natural settings. Thirty-five adult women completed EMA surveys about stressors they were exposed to while wearing a wireless ECG monitor for 7 consecutive days. Daily stressors were measured using seven questions adapted from the Daily Inventory of Stressful Events and a stressor interval was defined as the presence of at least one stressor during the EMA survey prompt. Participants wore the Cardea SOLO wireless ECG monitor (Cardiac Insight Inc., Bellevue, WA) to continuously track their heart rate. Participant-specific differences in 5-minute heart rate variability (HRV) between intervals when participants did and did not report stressors were calculated and displayed in a heat map. Survey response rate was satisfactory (72.0%, n = 588) and nearly all participants (33 out of 35) reported both stressor and non-stressor intervals. Each participant reported at least one stressor on approximately 35% of completed surveys while wearing the ECG patch. Mean wear time (6.6 days) and the duration of analyzable data with an ECG monitor were close to the 7-day study period. While many participants had lower HRV during stressor versus non-stressor intervals, the magnitude and direction of these differences varied widely. In summary, we found that a 7-day sampling scheme combining ecological momentary assessment (EMA) with HRV measured using continuous ECG monitoring was feasible and effective in capturing a variety of daily stressors and measuring autonomic stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kiarri N. Kershaw
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Eckstein ML, Brockfeld A, Haupt S, Schierbauer JR, Zimmer RT, Wachsmuth NB, Zunner BEM, Zimmermann P, Erlmann M, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Aberer F, Moser O. Acute Changes in Heart Rate Variability to Glucose and Fructose Supplementation in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Placebo-Controlled Trial. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020338. [PMID: 35205205 PMCID: PMC8869760 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study, we investigated the cardio-autonomic stress responses to the ingestion of liquid glucose, fructose, a combination thereof and a placebo in healthy individuals at rest. The cardio-autonomic response was more pronounced in all groups with carbohydrates compared to placebo indicating an increased cardio-autonomic stress response resulting in a reduced heart-rate variability. When investigating different levels of blood glucose, the findings showed a significant decline in heart-rate variability with increasing blood glucose levels. This was also seen with severely low levels of blood glucose. The speed of how quick blood glucose increased and decreased also impacted the cardio-autonomic response which further deteriorated heart-rate variability. These findings indicate that healthy human’s autonomic system responds quickly to changes in their blood glucose. Abstract Background: It is unknown how different types of carbohydrates alter the cardio-autonomic system in healthy individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how heart-rate variability changes to single dose ingestion of glucose, fructose, glucose and fructose, and an artificial sweetener (sucralose). Methods: In a double-blind randomized crossover placebo-controlled setting, 15 participants received all study-specific substances in liquid form. During each 2-h visit, venous blood glucose was measured in a 5-min interval while heart-rate variability was measured continuously via Holter-electrocardiograph. Results: Ingestion of different types of carbohydrates and sucralose showed significant differences for heart rate (p < 0.001), SDNN (p < 0.008), RMSSD (p < 0.001), pNN50 (p < 0.001) and blood pressure (p < 0.001). Different glucose levels significantly altered parameters of heart-rate variability and blood pressure (all p < 0.001), while the rate of change in blood glucose led to changes in heart rate variability, but not in heart rate (p = 0.25) or blood pressure (p = 0.99). Conclusions: Ingestion of different types of carbohydrates lead to reductions in heart-rate variability compared to a placebo. Blood glucose values above or below 70–90 mg/dL decreased heart rate variability while this was also seen for rapid glucose changes, yet not as pronounced. Healthy individuals should be conscious about carbohydrate intake while maintaining blood glucose levels between 70–90 mg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Lennart Eckstein
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (B.E.M.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.E.); (F.A.)
| | - Antonia Brockfeld
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (B.E.M.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.E.); (F.A.)
| | - Sandra Haupt
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (B.E.M.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.E.); (F.A.)
| | - Janis Ramon Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (B.E.M.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.E.); (F.A.)
| | - Rebecca Tanja Zimmer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (B.E.M.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.E.); (F.A.)
| | - Nadine Bianca Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (B.E.M.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.E.); (F.A.)
| | - Beate Elisabeth Maria Zunner
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (B.E.M.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.E.); (F.A.)
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (B.E.M.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.E.); (F.A.)
| | - Maximilian Erlmann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (B.E.M.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.E.); (F.A.)
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Endocrinology Lab Platform, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Felix Aberer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (B.E.M.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.E.); (F.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, Department of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (M.L.E.); (A.B.); (S.H.); (J.R.S.); (R.T.Z.); (N.B.W.); (B.E.M.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.E.); (F.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)921-55-3465
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Bowman C, Huang Y, Walch OJ, Fang Y, Frank E, Tyler J, Mayer C, Stockbridge C, Goldstein C, Sen S, Forger DB. A method for characterizing daily physiology from widely used wearables. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2021; 1:100058. [PMID: 34568865 PMCID: PMC8462795 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Millions of wearable-device users record their heart rate (HR) and activity. We introduce a statistical method to extract and track six key physiological parameters from these data, including an underlying circadian rhythm in HR (CRHR), the direct effects of activity, and the effects of meals, posture, and stress through hormones like cortisol. We test our method on over 130,000 days of real-world data from medical interns on rotating shifts, showing that CRHR dynamics are distinct from those of sleep-wake or physical activity patterns and vary greatly among individuals. Our method also estimates a personalized phase-response curve of CRHR to activity for each individual, representing a passive and personalized determination of how human circadian timekeeping continually changes due to real-world stimuli. We implement our method in the "Social Rhythms" iPhone and Android app, which anonymously collects data from wearable-device users and provides analysis based on our method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark Bowman
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY, USA
| | - Yitong Huang
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Olivia J. Walch
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu Fang
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elena Frank
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan Tyler
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Caleb Mayer
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Cathy Goldstein
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Srijan Sen
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel B. Forger
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Michigan Institute for Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Khalid A, Romutis S, Ibinson J, Thomas C, Myint A, Dueker J, Johnston E, Kreiss C, Kingsley M, Skef W, Vipperla K, McGrath K, Phillips AE, Das R, Fasanella K, Ibinson J. Acute physiologic effects of N95 respirator use on gastroenterologists performing simulated colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 94:160-168.e3. [PMID: 33497642 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) use was required while performing aerosol-generating procedures. We studied the physiologic effects of N95 FFR use in a cohort of gastroenterologists performing simulated colonoscopies. METHODS Data collection and comparisons included (1) symptoms and change in vital signs in 12 gastroenterologists performing simulated colonoscopy for 60 minutes while wearing a surgical mask (SM) and faceshield (FS); N95 FFR, SM, and FS; and powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) and (2) respiratory belt plethysmography and continuous electrocardiographic frequency-based heart rate (HR) variability indices including very low frequency power (measures intracardiac sympathetic tone) and low frequency to high frequency ratios (intracardiac sympathetic to vagal ratio) in 11 gastroenterologists performing simulated colonoscopy while wearing an SM (15 minutes), N95 FFR and SM (60 minutes), and SM (15 minutes) in rapid sequence. RESULTS Ten of 12 gastroenterologists (83%) reported symptoms with N95 FFR use, most commonly breathing difficulty, frustration, fatigue, and headache. Nine of these gastroenterologists (75%) had associated significant HR elevation. Respiratory peak to trough measurement showed a significant increase (F(2) = 7.543, P = .004) during the N95 FFR stage, which resolved after removal of the N95 FFR. Although not statistically different, all gastroenterologists showed a decrease in sympathetic to vagal ratios and an increase in intracardiac sympathetic effects in the N95 FFR stage. PAPR use was better tolerated but was associated with headache and elevated HR in 4 gastroenterologists (33%). CONCLUSIONS N95 FFR use by gastroenterologists is associated with development of acute physiologic changes and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Khalid
- VA Pittsburgh HealthCare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Romutis
- University of Pittsburgh Medical System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Alex Myint
- VA Pittsburgh HealthCare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Dueker
- VA Pittsburgh HealthCare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elyse Johnston
- VA Pittsburgh HealthCare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Michael Kingsley
- VA Pittsburgh HealthCare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wasseem Skef
- University of Pittsburgh Medical System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kishore Vipperla
- University of Pittsburgh Medical System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin McGrath
- University of Pittsburgh Medical System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Rohit Das
- University of Pittsburgh Medical System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth Fasanella
- University of Pittsburgh Medical System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Ibinson
- VA Pittsburgh HealthCare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Horton WB, Jahn LA, Hartline LM, Aylor KW, Patrie JT, Barrett EJ. Acute hyperglycaemia enhances both vascular endothelial function and cardiac and skeletal muscle microvascular function in healthy humans. J Physiol 2021; 600:949-962. [PMID: 33481251 DOI: 10.1113/jp281286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Multiple clinical studies report that acute hyperglycaemia (induced by mixed meal or oral glucose) decreases arterial vascular function in healthy humans. Feeding, however, impacts autonomic output, blood pressure, and insulin and incretin secretion, which may themselves alter vascular function. No prior studies have examined the effect of acute hyperglycaemia on both macro- and microvascular function while controlling plasma insulin concentrations. Macrovascular and microvascular functional responses to euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia were compared. Octreotide was infused throughout both protocols to prevent endogenous insulin release. Acute hyperglycaemia (induced by intravenous glucose) enhanced brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation, increased skeletal muscle microvascular blood volume and flow, and expanded cardiac muscle microvascular blood volume. Compared to other published findings, the results suggest that vascular responses to acute hyperglycaemia differ based on the study population (i.e. normal weight vs. overweight/obese) and/or glucose delivery method (i.e. intravenous vs. oral glucose). ABSTRACT High glucose concentrations acutely provoke endothelial cell oxidative stress and are suggested to trigger diabetes-related macro- and microvascular injury in humans. Multiple clinical studies report that acute hyperglycaemia (induced by mixed meal or oral glucose) decreases arterial vascular function in healthy humans. Feeding, however, impacts autonomic output, blood pressure, and insulin and incretin secretion, which may each independently alter vascular function and obscure the effect of acute hyperglycaemia per se. Surprisingly, no studies have examined the acute effects of intravenous glucose-induced hyperglycaemia on both macro- and microvascular function while controlling plasma insulin concentrations. In this randomized study of healthy young adults, we compared macrovascular (i.e. brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and post-ischaemic brachial artery flow velocity) and microvascular (heart and skeletal muscle perfusion by contrast-enhanced ultrasound) functional responses to euglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. Octreotide was infused throughout both protocols to prevent endogenous insulin release. Acute intravenous glucose-induced hyperglycaemia enhanced brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (P = 0.004), increased skeletal muscle microvascular blood volume and flow (P = 0.001), and expanded cardiac muscle microvascular blood volume (P = 0.014). No measure of vascular function changed during octreotide-maintained euglycaemia. Our findings suggest that unlike meal-provoked acute hyperglycaemia, 4 h of intravenous glucose-induced hyperglycaemia enhances brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation, provokes cardiac and skeletal muscle microvascular function, and does not impair aortic stiffness. Previous findings of acute large artery vascular dysfunction during oral glucose or mixed meal ingestion may be due to differences in study populations and meal-induced humoral or neural factors beyond hyperglycaemia per se. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03520569.).
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Horton
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Linda A Jahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lee M Hartline
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kevin W Aylor
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James T Patrie
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Effect of oral or intragastric delivery of the bitter tastant quinine on food intake and appetite sensations: a randomised crossover trial. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:92-100. [PMID: 32660667 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of gastrointestinal taste receptors affects eating behaviour. Intraduodenal infusion of tastants leads to increased satiation and reduced food intake, whereas intraileal infusion of tastants does not affect eating behaviour. Currently, it is unknown whether oral- or intragastric administration of tastants induces a larger effect on eating behaviour. This study investigated the effects of oral- and/or intragastric administration of quinine on food intake, appetite sensations and heart rate variability (HRV). In a blinded randomised crossover trial, thirty-two healthy volunteers participated in four interventions with a 1-week washout: oral placebo and intragastric placebo (OPGP), oral quinine and intragastric placebo (OQGP), oral placebo and intragastric quinine (OPGQ) and oral quinine and intragastric quinine (OQGQ). On test days, 150 min after a standardised breakfast, subjects ingested a capsule containing quinine or placebo and were sham-fed a mixture of quinine or placebo orally. At 50 min after intervention, subjects received an ad libitum meal to measure food intake. Visual analogue scales for appetite sensations were collected, and HRV measurements were performed at regular intervals. Oral and/or intragastric delivery of the bitter tastant quinine did not affect food intake (OPGP: 3273·6 (sem 131·8) kJ, OQGP: 3072·7 (sem 132·2) kJ, OPGQ: 3289·0 (sem 132·6) kJ and OQGQ: 3204·1 (sem 133·1) kJ, P = 0·069). Desire to eat and hunger decreased after OQGP and OPGQ compared with OPGP (P < 0·001 and P < 0·05, respectively), whereas satiation, fullness and HRV did not differ between interventions. In conclusion, sole oral sham feeding with and sole intragastric delivery of quinine decreased desire to eat and hunger, without affecting food intake, satiation, fullness or HRV.
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Andersen TG, Fiskum C, Aslaksen PM, Flaten MA, Jacobsen KH. Internalizing Problems and Attentional Control. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Individuals with internalizing problems differ in levels of attentional control (AC), and this heterogeneity could be associated with differences in autonomic arousal. The present study investigated whether AC moderated the effect of internalizing problems on self-reported experience and autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses after the induction of negative affect. Children aged 9–13 years were recruited into a patient group (29) and a healthy control group (25). AC was measured by the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire. Heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) and pre-ejection period (PEP) were recorded during baseline, a sad film clip and recovery, and analyzed using a marginal linear model. Children reported their experienced emotion, valence, and arousal in response to the film. A significant interaction effect showed increased HRV and longer PEP from baseline to recovery for patients with higher AC. Patients with lower AC showed increased HRV followed by a return to baseline values after the film clip and no significant changes in PEP. Healthy controls showed no significant changes in HRV or PEP independent of level of AC. There were no differences between groups in self-reported experience. The results indicate that AC moderated the effect of internalizing problems on ANS regulation. Increased HRV and longer PEP from baseline to recovery were uniquely associated with higher AC and internalizing problems. This physiological response might indicate a cognitive avoidance strategy. AC could be an important factor explaining heterogeneity in ANS activity among individuals with internalizing problems. Clinical implications of the present findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Grønning Andersen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Charlotte Fiskum
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per Matti Aslaksen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magne Arve Flaten
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karl Henry Jacobsen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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10
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SKORNYAKOV E, GADDAMEEDHI S, PAECH GM, SPARROW AR, SATTERFIELD BC, SHATTUCK NL, LAYTON ME, KARATSOREOS I, VAN DONGEN HPA. Cardiac autonomic activity during simulated shift work. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2019; 57:118-132. [PMID: 30089765 PMCID: PMC6363578 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Shift work leads to adverse health outcomes including increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are measures of cardiac autonomic activity and markers of cardiovascular disease and mortality. To investigate the effects of shift work on cardiac autonomic activity, we assessed the influence of simulated night work on HR and HRV, and dissociated the direct effects of circadian misalignment from those of sleep displacement and altered physical activity patterns. A total of 29 subjects each participated in one of two in-laboratory, simulated shift work studies. In both studies, EKG was continuously monitored via Holter monitors to measure HR and the high frequency (HF) component of HRV (HF-HRV). We found endogenous circadian rhythmicity in HR and HF-HRV. Sleep and waking physical activity, both displaced during simulated night work, had more substantial, and opposite, effects on HR and HF-HRV. Our findings show systematic but complex, interacting effects of time of day, sleep/wake state, and physical activity on cardiac autonomic activity. These effects need to be taken into account when evaluating HR and HRV in shift work settings and when interpreting these measures of cardiac autonomic activity as markers of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena SKORNYAKOV
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State
University, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Eastern Washington
University, USA
| | - Shobhan GADDAMEEDHI
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State
University, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, USA
| | - Gemma M. PAECH
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State
University, USA
| | - Amy R. SPARROW
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State
University, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State
University, USA
| | - Brieann C. SATTERFIELD
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State
University, USA
- Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory,
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, USA
| | | | - Matthew E. LAYTON
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State
University, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State
University, USA
| | - Ilia KARATSOREOS
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State
University, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience,
Washington State University, USA
| | - Hans P. A. VAN DONGEN
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State
University, USA
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State
University, USA
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11
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Herbell K. Identifying psychophysiological stress targets for the promotion of mental health in pregnant women. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2019; 33:46-50. [PMID: 30663624 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Herbell
- Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Missouri Sinclair School of Nursing S235 School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States of America.
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12
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Rahman S, Habel M, Contrada RJ. Poincaré plot indices as measures of sympathetic cardiac regulation: Responses to psychological stress and associations with pre-ejection period. Int J Psychophysiol 2018; 133:79-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Borges C, Mathewson KJ, Schmidt LA. Short-Term Test-Retest Reliability of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) in Young Adults. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Despite the burgeoning use of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), heart period (HP), and blood pressure (BP) to study individual differences in autonomic regulatory processes in young adults, few studies have examined the short-term reliability of such autonomic measures in emerging adulthood. If resting autonomic measures indeed reflect “trait-like” individual differences, they should have acceptable levels of test-retest reliability. We examined the 1-month test-retest reliability of resting measures of RSA as well as HP, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in a sample of 41 healthy young adults. Test-retest reliability of all four measures was good-to-excellent across the 1-month period. However, uncontrolled mean RSA declined from Time 1 to Time 2, suggesting that while individual differences in RSA were stable, mean RSA appeared to be sensitive to condition effects. Even with random variation, all of these measures were stable across one month, demonstrating acceptable short-term test-retest reliability in emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Borges
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Karen J. Mathewson
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Louis A. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, & Behavior, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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14
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Herbell K, Zauszniewski JA. Reducing Psychological Stress in Peripartum Women With Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: A Systematic Review. J Holist Nurs 2018; 37:273-285. [PMID: 29944076 DOI: 10.1177/0898010118783030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peripartum women are exposed to a variety of stressors that have adverse health consequences for the maternal-child dyad (e.g., impaired bonding). To combat these adverse health consequences, heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVBF) may be implemented by holistic nurses to aid peripartum women experiencing a high level of stress. A systematic review was completed using the guidelines established in the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. To be included in the review, studies had to meet the following criteria: (a) published scientific articles, (b) studies published in English, (c) experimental, quasi-experimental, or case reports, (d) use of HRVBF as the main treatment, (e) use of psychological stress as a dependent variable, and (f) studies published until December 2017. The major findings of this review can be described as follows: (a) HRVBF and psychological stress in peripartum women are related concepts, (b) peripartum women who completed HRVBF report a reduction in stress compared with participants who did not receive HRVBF, and (c) there is currently no information on the effectiveness of HRVBF on psychological stress in the first and early second trimester of pregnancy. Overall, this systematic review of the literature provides objective evidence that HRVBF may be a potential beneficial adjuvant treatment for stress management in peripartum women.
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15
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La Monica MB, Fukuda DH, Wang R, Gonzalez AM, Wells AJ, Hoffman JR, Stout JR. Maintenance of Vagal Tone with Time-Release Caffeine, But Vagal Withdrawal During Placebo in Caffeine-Habituated Men. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2017.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. La Monica
- Department of Educational and Human Sciences, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - David H. Fukuda
- Department of Educational and Human Sciences, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Educational and Human Sciences, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Adam M. Gonzalez
- Department of Health Professions, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
| | - Adam J. Wells
- Department of Educational and Human Sciences, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Jay R. Hoffman
- Department of Educational and Human Sciences, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Department of Educational and Human Sciences, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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16
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Chen JH, Zhang Q, Liu X, Li Z, Zhang C, Li K, Paul J, Ouyang J, Yu Y, Yu B, Huizinga JD, Chen JD, Luo H. Noninvasive measurements to evaluate the effects of military training on the human autonomic nervous system. ASIAN BIOMED 2017. [DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0804.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Chinese university freshmen receive 4-weeks military training that involved moderate to intense physical exercise. Studies have demonstrated heterogeneous effects of exercise on the autonomic nervous system.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of training on the autonomic nervous system noninvasively using electrogastrograms, heart rate variability (HRV), pulse rate, and the sympathetic skin response (SSR).
Methods: Twenty freshmen received all assessments in the fasting state and after a standard meal: (1) one week before the training, (2) at the end of the second week of the training, and (3) one week after the training.
Results: (1) The training had a significant effect on meal-induced gastric pacemaker activity. Before the training, a standard meal did not increase the dominant frequency of gastric slow waves, but the frequency increased during and after the training; (2) The preprandial high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), and very low frequency (VLF) components of heart rate variability decreased significantly after the training. The ratio of the LF and HF (LF/HF) of the heart rate variability (HRV) did not significantly change after a meal or training condition. The basal pulse rate did not change. The latencies of the sympathetic skin response (SSR), as measured in the arm muscle, increased in response to the training.
Conclusion: Military training affects meal-induced changes in gastric pacemaker activity, causes a marked reduction of the vagal tone to the heart with maintenance of the vagal-sympathetic balance, and its effects on SSR may reflect a reduction in sympathetic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Cuizhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Kongling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jonathan Paul
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jingming Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuanjie Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Baoping Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jan D. Huizinga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China, Canada
- Wuhan University from McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - Jiande D.Z. Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, TX, 77550, United States of America
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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17
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Árbol JR, Perakakis P, Garrido A, Mata JL, Fernández-Santaella MC, Vila J. Mathematical detection of aortic valve opening (B point) in impedance cardiography: A comparison of three popular algorithms. Psychophysiology 2016; 54:350-357. [PMID: 27914174 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The preejection period (PEP) is an index of left ventricle contractility widely used in psychophysiological research. Its computation requires detecting the moment when the aortic valve opens, which coincides with the B point in the first derivative of impedance cardiogram (ICG). Although this operation has been traditionally made via visual inspection, several algorithms based on derivative calculations have been developed to enable an automatic performance of the task. However, despite their popularity, data about their empirical validation are not always available. The present study analyzes the performance in the estimation of the aortic valve opening of three popular algorithms, by comparing their performance with the visual detection of the B point made by two independent scorers. Algorithm 1 is based on the first derivative of the ICG, Algorithm 2 on the second derivative, and Algorithm 3 on the third derivative. Algorithm 3 showed the highest accuracy rate (78.77%), followed by Algorithm 1 (24.57%) and Algorithm 2 (13.82%). In the automatic computation of PEP, Algorithm 2 resulted in significantly more missed cycles (48.57%) than Algorithm 1 (6.3%) and Algorithm 3 (3.5%). Algorithm 2 also estimated a significantly lower average PEP (70 ms), compared with the values obtained by Algorithm 1 (119 ms) and Algorithm 3 (113 ms). Our findings indicate that the algorithm based on the third derivative of the ICG performs significantly better. Nevertheless, a visual inspection of the signal proves indispensable, and this article provides a novel visual guide to facilitate the manual detection of the B point.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pandelis Perakakis
- Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Garrido
- Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Luis Mata
- Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Vila
- Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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18
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Rothberg LJ, Lees T, Clifton-Bligh R, Lal S. Association Between Heart Rate Variability Measures and Blood Glucose Levels: Implications for Noninvasive Glucose Monitoring for Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2016; 18:366-76. [PMID: 27258123 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2016.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global metabolic epidemic associated with numerous adverse complications. Invasive finger prick tests or invasive monitors are currently the most common means of monitoring and controlling blood glucose levels (BGLs). Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive measure of the autonomic nervous system, and its dynamic physiological nature may provide an alternative means of blood glucose monitoring. However, the relationship between BGL and HRV parameters remains relatively unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two participants with diabetes (39.97 ± 17.21 years of age) and 31 without diabetes (27.87 ± 10.55 years of age) participated in the current study. Fasting preceded a 10-min three-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), which was followed by a finger prick blood glucose assessment. Following this, a regular meal was consumed, and 30 min after ingestion, a second postprandial 10-min ECG was obtained, and blood glucose assessment was conducted. RESULTS Low-frequency (LF) power, high-frequency (HF) power, and total power (TP) of HRV were negatively associated with BGL in participants with DM. Additionally, the ratio of LF to HF was positively correlated with BGL. Duration of DM was also associated with multiple HRV parameters, with negative associations to both LF and HF parameters as well as TP. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates links between specific HRV variables and BGL. In the future the dynamic nature of HRV could provide a unique and real-time method for monitoring BGL, for continuous noninvasive prediction and/or management of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J Rothberg
- 1 Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ty Lees
- 1 Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- 2 Medicine, Northern Clinical School, Kolling Institute of Medical Research , Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sara Lal
- 1 Neuroscience Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney , Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Niizeki K, Saitoh T. Analysis of cardiorespiratory phase coupling and cardiovascular autonomic responses during food ingestion. Physiol Behav 2016; 159:1-13. [PMID: 26969519 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study analyzed whether the phase coherency (λ) of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is altered by food ingestion in healthy young subjects. After 5min of resting control, 13 healthy volunteers were asked to eat a solid meal with access to water at their own pace, followed by 5min of the postprandial state. The R-R interval (RRI), beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP), and respiratory activity were recorded using electrocardiography, a Finapres device, and inductance plethysmography, respectively. The stroke volume was calculated by the pulse-contour method from continuous BP measurement, and the cardiac output (CO) was obtained by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate. From the oscillatory signals of RSA and respiration, λ was computed; additionally, frequency domain indexes of the heart rate variability (HRV) were calculated using a short-time Fourier transform. A steady-state 3-min resting period (R), food ingestion period (FOOD), and the first 2-min and the last 3-min of the post prandial period were analyzed separately. We also compared the responses to gum chewing (GUM) and water intake (WATER) using the same protocol on separate days. A shortening of RRI and increases in BP and CO were observed in FOOD compared to R, suggesting a shift of sympathovagal balance toward sympathetic activation. Similar responses but smaller magnitudes were observed in the GUM condition, whereas only transient shortening of RRI was observed in the WATER condition. The HRV indexes did not show any significant changes in response to GUM and WATER but sympathovagal balance was shifted in favor of sympathetic dominance in FOOD. λ decreased during all of the conditions. There was a significant negative correlation between λ and the indirect measure of sympathovagal balance. These results suggest that ingestion of food induces enhanced cardiac sympathetic activity and that a phase coherence of RSA could provide a sensitive measure for evaluating the cardiac autonomic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuichi Niizeki
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Saitoh
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Japan
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20
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Jayasinghe SU, Torres SJ, Fraser SF, Turner AI. Cortisol, blood pressure, and heart rate responses to food intake were independent of physical fitness levels in women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:1186-92. [PMID: 26499850 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This research tested the hypothesis that women who had higher levels of physical fitness will have lower hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (cortisol) and sympatho-adrenal medullary system (blood pressure and heart rate) responses to food intake compared with women who had low levels of physical fitness. Lower fitness (n = 22; maximal oxygen consumption = 27.4 ± 1.0 mL∙kg(-1)·min(-1)) and higher fitness (n = 22; maximal oxygen consumption = 41.9 ± 1.6 mL∙kg(-1)·min(-1)) women (aged 30-50 years; in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle) who participated in levels of physical activity that met (lower fitness = 2.7 ± 0.5 h/week) or considerably exceeded (higher fitness = 7.1 ± 1.4 h/week) physical activity guidelines made their own lunch using standardised ingredients at 1200 h. Concentrations of cortisol were measured in blood samples collected every 15 min from 1145-1400 h. Blood pressures and heart rate were also measured every 15 min between 1145 h and 1400 h. The meal consumed by the participants consisted of 20% protein, 61% carbohydrates, and 19% fat. There was a significant overall response to lunch in all of the parameters measured (time effect for all, p < 0.01). The cortisol response to lunch was not significantly different between the groups (time × treatment, p = 0.882). Overall, both groups showed the same pattern of cortisol secretion (treatment p = 0.839). Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, or heart rate responses (time × treatment, p = 0.726, 0.898, 0.713, and 0.620, respectively) were also similar between higher and lower fitness women. Results suggest that the physiological response to food intake in women is quite resistant to modification by elevated physical fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisitha U Jayasinghe
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.,Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Susan J Torres
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.,Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Steve F Fraser
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.,Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Anne I Turner
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.,Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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21
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Rontoyanni VG, Werner K, Sanders TAB, Hall WL. Differential acute effects of carbohydrate- and protein-rich drinks compared with water on cardiac output during rest and exercise in healthy young men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:803-10. [PMID: 26244599 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The acute effects of drinks rich in protein (PRO) versus carbohydrate (CHO) on cardiovascular hemodynamics and reactivity are uncertain. A randomized crossover design was used to compare 400-mL isoenergetic (1.1 MJ) drinks containing whey protein (PRO; 44 g) or carbohydrate (CHO; 57 g) versus 400 mL of water in 14 healthy men. The primary and secondary outcomes were changes in cardiac output, blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and digital volume pulse measured prior to and 30 min following consumption at rest, during 12 min of multi-stage bicycle ergometry, and 15 min postexercise. The mean change (95% confidence interval (CI)) in resting cardiac output at 30 min was greater for CHO than for PRO or water: 0.7 (0.4 to 1.0), 0.1 (-0.2 to 0.40), and 0.0 (-0.3 to 0.3) L/min (P < 0.001), respectively; the higher cardiac output following CHO was accompanied by an increase in stroke volume and a lower SVR. The mean increments (95% CI) in cardiac output during exercise were CHO 4.7 (4.4 to 5.0), PRO 4.9 (4.6 to 5.2), and water 4.6 (4.3 to 4.9) L/min with the difference between PRO versus water being significant (P < 0.025). There were no other statistically significant differences. In summary, a CHO-rich drink increased cardiac output and lowered SVR in the resting state compared with a PRO-rich drink or water but the effect size of changes in these variables did not differ during or after exercise between CHO and PRO. Neither protein nor carbohydrate affected blood pressure reactivity to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Rontoyanni
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Kristin Werner
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Thomas A B Sanders
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Wendy L Hall
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.,Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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22
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Bitters: Time for a New Paradigm. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:670504. [PMID: 26074998 PMCID: PMC4446506 DOI: 10.1155/2015/670504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In plant-based medical systems, bitter tasting plants play a key role in managing dyspepsia. Yet when it comes to defining their mechanism of activity, herbalists and pharmacologists are split between two theories: one involves cephalic elicited vagal responses while the other comprises purely local responses. Recent studies indicate that bitters elicit a range of cephalic responses which alter postprandial gastric phase haemodynamics. Caffeine and regular coffee (Coffea arabica semen, L.) increase heart rate whereas gentian (Gentiana lutea radix, L.) and wormwood (Artemisia absinthium herba L.) increase tonus in the vascular resistance vessels. Following meals increased cardiac activity acts to support postprandial hyperaemia and maintain systemic blood pressure. The increased vascular tonus acts in parallel with the increased cardiac activity and in normal adults this additional pressor effect results in a reduced cardiac workload. The vascular response is a sympathetic reflex, evident after 5 minutes and dose dependent. Thus gentian and wormwood elicit cephalic responses which facilitate rather than stimulate digestive activity when postprandial hyperaemia is inadequate. Encapsulated caffeine elicits cardiovascular responses indicating that gastrointestinal bitter receptors are functionally active in humans. However, neither encapsulated gentian nor wormwood elicited cardiovascular responses during the gastric phase. These findings provide the platform for a new evidence-based paradigm.
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Poitras VJ, Slattery DJ, Gurd BJ, Pyke KE. Evidence that meal fat content does not impact hemodynamic reactivity to or recovery from repeated mental stress tasks. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39:1314-21. [PMID: 25238201 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude (reactivity) and duration (recovery) of hemodynamic stress responses are predictive of cardiovascular risk, and fat intake has been shown to enhance hemodynamic reactivity to psychological stress tasks. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a high-fat meal (HFM) on the magnitude and stability of hemodynamic stress reactivity and recovery. This was assessed by: (i) the peak changes from baseline to during stress for heart rate (HR); mean, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure; cardiac output; and total peripheral resistance; and (ii) the residual arousal in hemodynamic parameters at 2 points post-stress ("early" and "late" recovery). On different days, 10 healthy males (aged 23.2 ± 3.3 years) consumed either a HFM (54 g fat) or low-fat meal (LFM; 0 g fat) (∼1000 calories each), followed by 4 hourly 10-min stress tasks (mental arithmetic and speech tasks). Pre-stress (baseline) parameters did not differ between HFM and LFM conditions (all P > 0.05). Plasma triglycerides were greater following the HFM versus the LFM (P = 0.023). No reactivity or recovery parameters differed between meals (all P > 0.05). Stress reactivity and recovery parameters were stable over the 4 stress tasks (main effects of time, all P > 0.05), with the exception of HR (P < 0.05). Contrary to previous reports, meal fat content did not impact hemodynamic reactivity to laboratory stressors. These data also provide the first evidence that meal fat content does not impact hemodynamic recovery from repeated mental stress tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica J Poitras
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Sauder KA, McCrea CE, Ulbrecht JS, Kris-Etherton PM, West SG. Pistachio nut consumption modifies systemic hemodynamics, increases heart rate variability, and reduces ambulatory blood pressure in well-controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:jah3571. [PMID: 24980134 PMCID: PMC4310367 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Managing cardiovascular risk factors is important for reducing vascular complications in type 2 diabetes, even in individuals who have achieved glycemic control. Nut consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk; however, there is mixed evidence about the effect of nuts on blood pressure (BP), and limited research on the underlying hemodynamics. This study assessed the effect of pistachio consumption on BP, systemic hemodynamics, and heart rate variability in adults with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes. Methods and Results We enrolled 30 adults (40 to 74 years) with type 2 diabetes in a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study. After a 2‐week run‐in period, participants consumed a low‐fat control diet (27% fat) containing low‐fat/high‐carbohydrate snacks and a moderate‐fat diet (33% fat) containing pistachios (20% of total energy) for 4 weeks each, separated by a 2‐week washout. Following each diet period, we assessed BP, systemic hemodynamics, and heart rate variability at rest and during acute mental stress, and, in a subset of participants (n=21), 24‐hour ambulatory BP. BP at rest and during stress did not differ between treatments. The pistachio diet significantly reduced total peripheral resistance (−3.7±2.9%, P=0.004), increased cardiac output (3.1±2.3%, P=0.002), and improved some measures of heart rate variability (all P<0.05). Systolic ambulatory BP was significantly reduced by 3.5±2.2 mm Hg (P=0.046) following the pistachio diet, with the greatest reduction observed during sleep (−5.7±2.6 mm Hg, P=0.052). Conclusions A moderate‐fat diet containing pistachios modestly improves some cardiovascular risk factors in adults with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes. Clinical Trial Registration URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00956735.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Sauder
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (K.A.S., C.E.M.C., J.S.U., S.G.W.)
| | - Cindy E McCrea
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (K.A.S., C.E.M.C., J.S.U., S.G.W.)
| | - Jan S Ulbrecht
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (K.A.S., C.E.M.C., J.S.U., S.G.W.)
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (P.M.K.E., S.G.W.)
| | - Sheila G West
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (K.A.S., C.E.M.C., J.S.U., S.G.W.) Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA (P.M.K.E., S.G.W.)
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Evaluating the role of Mediterranean diet and eating behaviors on the likelihood of having a non-fatal acute coronary syndrome, under the context of stress perception: a case–control study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:1016-21. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on heart rate variability at rest and during acute stress in adults with moderate hypertriglyceridemia. Psychosom Med 2013; 75:382-9. [PMID: 23592752 PMCID: PMC3681100 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e318290a107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the dose-dependent effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during standard laboratory stress tasks. We also investigated whether EPA + DHA supplementation was associated with changes in mood state. METHODS This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, three-period crossover trial (8-week treatment, 6-week washout) compared two doses of EPA + DHA supplementation (0.85 and 3.4 g/d) in 26 adults with elevated triglycerides. After each treatment period, HRV was assessed during an acute stress protocol that included a resting baseline, standard laboratory stress tasks (speech task and cold pressor), and recovery periods. In addition, mood state was assessed. RESULTS Root mean square of successive differences in interbeat interval and total power increased 9.9% and 20.6%, respectively, after the high dose relative to placebo (Tukey p = .016 and .012, respectively). The low dose was not significantly different from the high dose or placebo dose. There was a trend for a treatment effect on high-frequency HRV (p = .058), with 21.0% greater power observed after the high dose compared with placebo (Tukey p = .052). Mood did not differ between treatments, and there was no association between mood state and HRV. CONCLUSIONS In healthy adults with elevated triglycerides, supplementation of 3.4 g/d EPA + DHA resulted in greater HRV, whereas 0.85 g/d EPA + DHA had no effect. These results indicate that EPA + DHA supplementation may improve autonomic tone in adults at increased risk for cardiovascular disease within 8 weeks. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT00504309 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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