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Tork YJ, Naseri E, Basir HS, Komaki A. Protective effects of L-carnitine against beta-amyloid-induced memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 982:176879. [PMID: 39128806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. We investigated the therapeutic effects of L-carnitine on cognitive performance and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of AD induced by unilateral intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42). L-carnitine (100 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally for 28 consecutive days. Following this, the open-field test, novel object recognition test, elevated plus-maze test, Barnes maze test, and passive avoidance learning test were used to assess locomotor activity, recognition memory, anxiety-like behavior, spatial memory, and passive avoidance memory, respectively. Plasma and hippocampal oxidative stress markers, including total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were examined. In addition, histological investigations were performed in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus using Congo red staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The injection of Aβ1-42 resulted in cognitive deficits and increased anxiety-like behavior. These changes were associated with an imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants in plasma and the hippocampus. Also, neuronal death and Aβ plaque accumulation were increased in the hippocampal dentate gyrus region. However, injection of L-carnitine improved recognition memory, spatial memory, and passive avoidance memory in AD rats. These findings provide evidence that L-carnitine may alleviate anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits induced by Aβ1-42 through modulating oxidative-antioxidant status and preventing Aβ plaque accumulation and neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekta Jahedi Tork
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Erfan Naseri
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamid Shokati Basir
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Huang J, Huang N, Qiu Y, Shi J. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloid decreases Tau hyperphosphorylation via regulating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117592. [PMID: 38097026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANT Dendrobium is a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb. The Compendium of Materia Medica describes its effects as "benefiting intelligence and dispelling shock, lightning the body and extending life". Dendrobium nobile Lindl. is a precious variety of Dendrobium. Our previous data showed Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloid (DNLA) has significant neuroprotective effects and can improve cognitive dysfunction. However, the specific effects and mechanisms of action of its main active component, DNLA, on cognitive dysfunction caused by Tau hyperphosphorylation, are still unclear. AIM OF THE RESEARCH This study aimed to determine the effects of DNLA on phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) pathway, thus to explore the mechanisms of DNLA to inhibit Tau hyperphosphorylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used wortmannin (WM) and GF-109203X (GFX)-induced hyperphosphorylation of Tau in N2a cells and rats to detect the protective mechanism of DNLA in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, the effect of modeling method on Tau hyperphosphorylation was screened and verified by Western Blotting (WB), and the regulation of Tau hyperphosphorylation and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway by different concentrations of DNLA was detected by WB. In vivo, MWM was used to detect the effect of DNLA on model rats, and then Nissl staining was used to detect the loss of neurons. Finally, WB was used to detect the regulation of Tau hyperphosphorylation and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway by different concentrations of DNLA. RESULTS DNLA could rescue the abnormal PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and reverse the hyperphosphorylation of Tau induced by WM and GFX in N2a cells. Furthermore, DNLA improved the learning and memory of WM and GFX-induced model rats. Moreover, DNLA regulated PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway and reduced the p-Tau and neuronal damage in the hippocampus of model rats. CONCLUSION DNLA may be a promising candidate for reducing hyperphosphorylation of Tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China; School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China.
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3
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Sun Z, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhou S, Cheng W, Xue L, Zhou P, Li X, Zhang Z, Zuo L. Integrated brain and plasma dual-channel metabolomics to explore the treatment effects of Alpinia oxyphyllaFructus on Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285401. [PMID: 37552694 PMCID: PMC10409282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpinia oxyphylla Fructus, called Yizhi in Chinese, is the dried fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel. It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat dementia and memory defects of Alzheimer's disease for many years. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we used a rat Alzheimer's disease model on intrahippocampal injection of aggregated Aβ1-42 to study the effects of Alpinia oxyphylla Fructus. A brain and plasma dual-channel metabolomics approach combined with multivariate statistical analysis was further performed to determine the effects of Alpinia oxyphylla Fructus on Alzheimer's disease animals. As a result, in the Morris water maze test, Alpinia oxyphylla Fructus had a clear ability to ameliorate the impaired learning and memory of Alzheimer's disease rats. 11 differential biomarkers were detected in AD rats' brains. The compounds mainly included amino acids and phospholipids; after Alpinia oxyphylla Fructus administration, 9 regulated biomarkers were detected compared with the AD model group. In the plasma of AD rats, 29 differential biomarkers, primarily amino acids, phospholipids and fatty acids, were identified; After administration, 23 regulated biomarkers were detected. The metabolic pathways of regulated metabolites suggest that Alpinia oxyphylla Fructus ameliorates memory and learning deficits in AD rats principally by regulating amino acid metabolism, lipids metabolism, and energy metabolism. In conclusion, our results confirm and enhance our current understanding of the therapeutic effects of Alpinia oxyphylla Fructus on Alzheimer's disease. Meanwhile, our work provides new insight into the potential intervention mechanism of Alpinia oxyphylla Fructus for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengya Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shengnan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenbo Cheng
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianping Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Peipei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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4
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Ebrahimi M, Ahangar N, Zamani E, Shaki F. L-Carnitine Prevents Behavioural Alterations in Ketamine-Induced Schizophrenia in Mice: Possible Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Pathways. J Toxicol 2023; 2023:9093231. [PMID: 37363159 PMCID: PMC10289879 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9093231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental complaint known as cognitive impairment. There has been evidence that inflammation and oxidative stress play a main role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. This study aimed to investigate the effects of l-carnitine, as a potent antioxidant, on the treatment of behavioural and biochemical disturbances in mice with ketamine-induced schizophrenia. In this study, schizophrenia was induced in mice by ketamine (25 mg/kg/day, i.p). Before induction of schizophrenia, mice were treated with l-carnitine (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day, i.p). Then, behavioural impairments were evaluated by open field (OF) assessment and social interaction test (SIT). After brain tissue isolation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione concentration (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl oxidation, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx) were assessed as oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, inflammatory biomarkers such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated in brain tissue. Our results showed ketamine increased inflammation and oxidative damage in brain tissue that was similar to behaviour disorders in mice. Interestingly, l-carnitine significantly decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory markers compared with ketamine-treated mice. In addition, l-carnitine prevented and reversed ketamine-induced alterations in the activities of SOD and GPx enzymes in mice's brains. Also, improved performance in OFT (locomotor activity test) and SIT was observed in l-carnitine-treated mice. These data provided evidence that, due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of l-carnitine, it has a neuroprotective effect on mice model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrasa Ebrahimi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nematollah Ahangar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zamani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Protective effects of L-carnitine against valproic acid-induced memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in adult rat. Physiol Behav 2022; 253:113853. [PMID: 35609723 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the effects of valproic acid (VPA) on spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory as well as to assess the protective effects of L-Carnitine (LC) against VPA-induced memory deficit in the rat. Male Wistar rats received VPA (300 mg/kg/daily by i.p. injection), or LC (50 mg/kg/ daily by i.p. injection), or co-treatment with VPA and LC for 28 days. Following 28 days, Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM), Morris Water Maze (MWM), and Passive Avoidance Learning (PAL) tasks were used to evaluate the anxiety-like behavior and spatial and passive learning and memory, respectively. Our results showed that VPA has no effect on memory acquisition (in both MWM and PAL) but induced reference memory impairment. We demonstrated that treatment with LC partially ameliorated the impairment in the retrieval of reference memory and passive avoidance learning. Moreover, VPA increased anxiety-like behavior, which was partially reversed by the administration of LC. In conclusion, these results show that LC is effective in counteracting the anxiety-like behavior and reference memory impairment caused by VPA. Therefore, LC may serve as a possible therapeutic agent for VPA-induced memory change.
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Liu X, Song W, Yu Y, Su J, Shi X, Yang X, Wang H, Liu P, Zou L. Inhibition of NLRP1-Dependent Pyroptosis Prevents Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Overactivation-Induced Hyperphosphorylated Tau in Rats. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1163-1173. [PMID: 35951283 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that inhibition of NLRP1-dependent pyroptosis could decrease intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of a protein kinase A (PKA) agonist- or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperphosphorylated tau. In this study, we used a glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) overactivation rat model to reconfirm our previous results. ICV injection of wortmannin (WT, a PI3K inhibitor) and GF-109203X (GFX, a PKC inhibitor) was used to induce overactivation of GSK-3β in rats. We injected NLRP1 siRNA together with WT/GFX to evaluate the effect of the inhibition of NLRP1-dependent neuronal pyroptosis on hyperphosphorylated tau. Our results indicated that ICV injection of NLRP1 siRNA prevented ICV-WT/GFX-induced neuronal death, further improving the spatial memory of the rats in the Morris water maze test. ICV injection of NLRP1 siRNA downregulated the expression of ASC, caspase-1, and GSDMD and the contents of IL-1β and IL-18 in rat brains. ICV injection of NLRP1 siRNA also decreased hyperphosphorylated tau and the activity of GSK-3β. Thus, these results support our previous study that NLRP1-dependent pyroptosis could enhance hyperphosphorylation of tau protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangying Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Liaoning Medical Device Test Institute, 600-1 Maizitun, Hunnan District, Shenyang, 110171, China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Honghui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Libo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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7
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Abdel-Emam RA, Ali MF. Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on lead acetate-induced liver cell apoptosis and inflammation: role of caspase-3 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β enzymes. Life Sci 2021; 291:120277. [PMID: 34979196 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The study aimed at studying the hepatoprotective effect of l-carnitine against lead (Pb) acetate-induced hepatocellular injury, emphasizing the role of caspase-3 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β in hepatocellular apoptosis and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were used. The experimental approach involved estimation of the liver enzymes' serum levels. Oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in hepatic tissue homogenates. Paraffin-embedded hepatic sections were prepared for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Quantitative determination of the phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta was performed. KEY FINDINGS The serum showed a significant elevation in ALT, AST, and LDH; tissue homogenates showed significant elevation in lipid peroxide and inflammatory biomarkers with significant reduction in reduced glutathione in the Pb acetate-treated group. Co-administration of l-carnitine with Pb acetate produced significant reduction in liver enzymes with significant improvement in oxidant, antioxidant and inflammatory markers. Lead acetate treatment significantly reduced the phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, while l-carnitine enhanced its phosphorylation. Histopathological examination showed inflammatory reaction around blood vessels with fatty degeneration in hepatocytes of the Pb acetate intoxicated group. l-Carnitine caused a decrease in hepatic damage with minimal vascular alterations in central vein. Caspase-3 expression in hepatocytes was decreased in Pb-treated group supplemented with l-carnitine. SIGNIFICANCE Our study reveals that oxidative stress and inflammation participate in Pb acetate-induced hepatocellular injury. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β and caspase-3 play role in Pb acetate-induced hepatic damage. l-Carnitine shows significant protective effects against hepatocellular apoptosis and inflammation induced by Pb acetate through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways in part mediated by GSK-3β inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A Abdel-Emam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Marwa F Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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8
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Zhang H, Wang X, Xu P, Ji X, Chi T, Liu P, Zou L. Tolfenamic acid inhibits GSK-3β and PP2A mediated tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease models. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:29. [PMID: 32517647 PMCID: PMC10717460 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tolfenamic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, alleviated learning and memory deficits and decreased the expression of specificity protein 1 (SP1)-mediated cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5), a major protein kinase that regulates hyperphosphorylated tau, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice. However, whether tolfenamic acid can regulate the major tau protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), or tau protein phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), further inhibiting hyperphosphorylation of tau, remains unknown. To this end, tolfenamic acid was administered i.p. in a GSK-3β overactivation postnatal rat model and orally in mice after intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of okadaic acid (OA) to develop a PP2A inhibition model. We used four behavioural experiments to evaluate memory function in ICV-OA mice. In this study, tolfenamic acid attenuated memory dysfunction. Tolfenamic acid decreased the expression of hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain by inhibiting GSK-3β activity, decreasing phosphorylated PP2A (Tyr307), and enhancing PP2A activity. Tolfenamic acid also increased wortmannin (WT) and GF-109203X (GFX) induced phosphorylation of GSK-3β (Ser9) and prevented OA-induced downregulation of PP2A activity in PC12 cells. Altogether, these results show that tolfenamic acid not only decreased SP1/CDK5-mediated tau phosphorylation, but also inhibited GSK-3β and PP2A-mediated tau hyperphosphorylation in AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyan Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Libo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Hou TY, Zhou Y, Zhu LS, Wang X, Pang P, Wang DQ, Liuyang ZY, Man H, Lu Y, Zhu LQ, Liu D. Correcting abnormalities in miR-124/PTPN1 signaling rescues tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 154:441-457. [PMID: 31951013 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. We previously reported that aberrant microRNA-124 (miR-124)/non-receptor-type protein phosphatase 1 (PTPN1) signaling plays an important role in the synaptic disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we further investigated the potential role of miR-124/PTPN1 in the tau pathology of AD. We first treated the mice with intra-hippocampal stereotactic injections. Then, we used quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of microRNAs. Western blotting was used to measure the level of PTPN1, the level of tau protein, the phosphorylation of tau at AD-related sites, and alterations in the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A). Immunohistochemistry was also used to detect changes in tau phosphorylation levels at AD-related sites and somadendritic aggregation. Soluble and insoluble tau protein was separated by 70% formic acid (FA) extraction to examine tau solubility. Finally, behavioral experiments (including the Morris water maze, fear conditioning, and elevated plus maze) were performed to examine learning and memory ability and emotion-related behavior. We found that artificially replicating the abnormalities in miR-124/PTPN1 signaling induced AD-like tau pathology in the hippocampus of wild-type mice, including hyperphosphorylation at multiple sites, insolubility and somadendritic aggregation, as well as learning/memory deficits. We also found that disruption of miR-124/PTPN1 signaling was caused by the loss of RE1-silencing transcription factor protein, which can be initiated by Aβ insults or oxidative stress, as observed in the brains of P301S mice. Correcting the deregulation of miR-124/PTPN1 signaling rescued the tau pathology and learning/memory impairments in the P301S mice. We also found that miR-124/PTPN1 abnormalities induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and inactivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by promoting tyrosine phosphorylation, implicating an imbalance in tau kinase/phosphatase. Thus, targeting the miR-124/PTPN1 signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yao Hou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Shuang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Pei Pang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Qi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liuyang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hengye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Icariin Ameliorates Amyloid Pathologies by Maintaining Homeostasis of Autophagic Systems in Aβ1–42-Injected Rats. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2708-2722. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Lu L, Jia H, Gao G, Duan C, Ren J, Li Y, Yang H. Pink1 Regulates Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression and Dopamine Synthesis. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:1361-1371. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Huanzhen Jia
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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12
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Lu F, Li X, Li W, Wei K, Yao Y, Zhang Q, Liang X, Zhang J. Tetramethylpyrazine reverses intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced memory deficits by inhibiting GSK-3β. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017. [PMID: 28633346 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain dysfunction, especially cognitive impairment, is one of the main complications in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which threatens the health of 46.8 million people worldwide. At present, the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction is only partially understood, and effective therapies for memory loss in AD remain elusive. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is one of the major bioactive compounds purified from Chuanxiong, a Chinese herb used for the treatment of neurovascular and cardiovascular diseases. The neuroprotective properties of TMP are evident in some neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. However, whether TMP plays a neuroprotective role in AD is still unknown. Here, we report that 2-week treatment with TMP rescued both short-term and long-term fear memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin in a well-known AD rat model. Administration of TMP also restored spatial learning and memory retention abilities in streptozotocin-injected rats. Furthermore, TMP inhibited the activity of GSK-3β, an important kinase that mediates hippocampal synaptic and memory disorders in diabetes mellitus. Finally, we found that TMP treatment restored the function of cholinergic neurons. Our data suggest that dietary uptake of TMP can provide protection against memory loss in AD, and the inhibition of GSK-3β may play an important role in this protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ke Wei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Qianlin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xinliang Liang
- Department of Medical Development, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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ALCAR promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis by regulating cell-survival and cell death-related signals in rat model of Parkinson's disease like-phenotypes. Neurochem Int 2017; 108:388-396. [PMID: 28577987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway that leading to progressive motor and nonmotor symptoms. The formation of newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus is affected by many factors such as anxiety, depression and impairment in learning and memory that are commonly observed nonmotor symptoms in PD, indicating the role of adult neurogenesis in PD pathophysiology. Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR), regulate mitochondrial metabolism and has been reported to improve cognitive functions in different neurodegenerative disorders through an unknown mechanism. For the first time, we investigated the effect of ALCAR on adult neurogenesis in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced rat model of PD-like phenotypes and also explored the possible underlying mechanism of action. A single unilateral administration of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle reduced neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation, long-term survival and neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus. Interestingly, chronic treatment with ALCAR (100 mg/kg/day, i.p) potentially enhanced proliferation, long term survival and neuronal differentiation of NPCs in rat model of PD-like phenotypes. ALCAR treatment stimulates cell survival related signals (AKT and BCL-2) by inhibiting cell death related cues (GSK-3β and BAX) which might be responsible for a neuroprotective effect of ALCAR in rat model of PD-like phenotypes. We conclude that ALCAR exerts neuroprotective effects against 6-OHDA-induced impairment in hippocampal neurogenesis by regulating cell survival and cell death-related signals.
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14
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Liu D, Tang H, Li XY, Deng MF, Wei N, Wang X, Zhou YF, Wang DQ, Fu P, Wang JZ, Hébert SS, Chen JG, Lu Y, Zhu LQ. Targeting the HDAC2/HNF-4A/miR-101b/AMPK Pathway Rescues Tauopathy and Dendritic Abnormalities in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Ther 2017; 25:752-764. [PMID: 28202389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) plays a major role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Previous studies have shown that HDAC2 expression is strongly increased in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a major neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. Moreover, previous studies have linked HDAC2 to Aβ overproduction in AD; however, its involvement in tau pathology and other memory-related functions remains unclear. Here, we show that increased HDAC2 levels strongly correlate with phosphorylated tau in a mouse model of AD. HDAC2 overexpression induced AD-like tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation, which were accompanied by a loss of dendritic complexity and spine density. The ectopic expression of HDAC2 resulted in the deacetylation of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF-4A) transcription factor, which disrupted its binding to the miR-101b promoter. The suppression of miR-101b caused an upregulation of its target, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The introduction of miR-101b mimics or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against AMPK blocked HDAC2-induced tauopathy and dendritic impairments in vitro. Correspondingly, miR-101b mimics or AMPK siRNAs rescued tau pathology, dendritic abnormalities, and memory deficits in AD mice. Taken together, the current findings implicate the HDAC2/miR-101/AMPK pathway as a critical mediator of AD pathogenesis. These studies also highlight the importance of epigenetics in AD and provide novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hui Tang
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin-Yan Li
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Man-Fei Deng
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Na Wei
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ya-Fan Zhou
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ding-Qi Wang
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jian-Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Département de psychiatrie et neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Youming Lu
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Li X, Lu F, Li W, Qin L, Yao Y, Ge X, Yu Q, Liang X, Zhao D, Li X, Zhang J. Edaravone injection reverses learning and memory deficits in a rat model of vascular dementia. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:83-89. [PMID: 27864280 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Edaravone is a novel free radical scavenger that exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting endothelial injury and by ameliorating neuronal damage in brain ischemia. Recently, it was reported that edaravone could alleviate the pathology and cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease patients. However, its relevance to vascular dementia (VaD) is not clear. In this study, we partially occluded the bilateral carotid arteries of rats surgically to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a well-known rat model of VaD. Water maze and step-down inhibitory test were used to evaluate the memory deficit. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total reactive oxygen species were measured to evaluate the oxidative stress level. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the synaptic protein expression. It was found that treatment with edaravone for a 5-week period was able to reverse both spatial and fear-memory deficits in rats with CCH. Edaravone significantly reduced the level of oxidative stress in the brains of rats with CCH by increasing SOD activity and decreasing the content of MDA, LDH, and total reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, edaravone treatment also restored the levels of multiple synaptic proteins in the hippocampi of rats with CCH. Our data provide direct evidence supporting the neuroprotective effects of edaravone in VaD. We propose that the alleviation of oxidative stress and restoration of synaptic proteins play important roles in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Fen Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Lingzhi Qin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xuerong Ge
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Qingkai Yu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xinliang Liang
- Department of Medical Development, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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16
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Acetyl-L-Carnitine via Upegulating Dopamine D1 Receptor and Attenuating Microglial Activation Prevents Neuronal Loss and Improves Memory Functions in Parkinsonian Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 55:583-602. [PMID: 27975173 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is accompanied by nonmotor symptoms including cognitive impairment, which precede the onset of motor symptoms in patients and are regulated by dopamine (DA) receptors and the mesocorticolimbic pathway. The relative contribution of DA receptors and astrocytic glutamate transporter (GLT-1) in cognitive functions is largely unexplored. Similarly, whether microglia-derived increased immune response affects cognitive functions and neuronal survival is not yet understood. We have investigated the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) on cognitive functions and its possible underlying mechanism of action in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced hemiparkinsonian rats. ALCAR treatment in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats improved memory functions as confirmed by decreased latency time and path length in the Morris water maze test. ALCAR further enhanced D1 receptor levels without altering D2 receptor levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions, suggesting that the D1 receptor is preferentially involved in the regulation of cognitive functions. ALCAR attenuated microglial activation and release of inflammatory mediators through balancing proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which subsequently enhanced the survival of mature neurons in the CA1, CA3, and PFC regions and improved cognitive functions in hemiparkinsonian rats. ALCAR treatment also improved glutathione (GSH) content, while decreasing oxidative stress indices, inducible nitrogen oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, and astrogliosis resulting in the upregulation of GLT-1 levels. Additionally, ALCAR prevented the loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in ventral tagmental area (VTA)/substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) regions of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, thus maintaining the integrity of the nigrostriatal pathway. Together, these results demonstrate that ALCAR treatment in hemiparkinsonian rats ameliorates neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits, hence suggesting its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Li H, Wang J, Wang P, Rao Y, Chen L. Resveratrol Reverses the Synaptic Plasticity Deficits in a Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Rat Model. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2015; 25:122-8. [PMID: 26456198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is the most prevalent neurological disease in aged people. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is one of the causes of vascular dementia (VaD) and is also an etiological factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, effective therapy for those two diseases is still missing. Resveratrol is a polyphenol produced by plants that have multiple biological functions, such as increased life span and delay in the onset of diseases associated with aging. It is known supplement with resveratrol could exert neuroprotection against multiple injury factors induced neuronal death and degeneration, as well as the cognitive decline of CCH rat model. METHODS The morris water maze was used to evaluate the learning and memory, electrophysiological recording was used to detect the synaptic plasticity, the Golgi staining was used to examine the change of dendritic spines, the western blot was used to detect the proteins levels. RESULTS We reported that resveratrol pretreatment effectively restore the synaptic plasticity in CCH rats both functional and structural. We also found that the PKA-CREB activation may be a major player in resveratrol-mediated neuroprotection in CCH model. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide the mechanistic evidence for the neuroprotective effects of resveratrol in vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, West China Hospital, Sichuang University, China
| | - Yan Rao
- Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China
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18
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Xiong Y, Liu F, Liu D, Huang H, Wei N, Tan L, Chen J, Man H, Gong C, Lu Y, Wang J, Zhu L. Opposite effects of two estrogen receptors on tau phosphorylation through disparate effects on the miR-218/PTPA pathway. Aging Cell 2015; 14:867-77. [PMID: 26111662 PMCID: PMC4568974 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The two estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ, mediate the diverse biological functions of estradiol. Opposite effects of ERα and ERβ have been found in estrogen-induced cancer cell proliferation and differentiation as well as in memory-related tasks. However, whether these opposite effects are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unclear. Here, we find that ERα and ERβ play contrasting roles in regulating tau phosphorylation, which is a pathological hallmark of AD. ERα increases the expression of miR-218 to suppress the protein levels of its specific target, protein tyrosine phosphatase α (PTPα). The downregulation of PTPα results in the abnormal tyrosine hyperphosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (resulting in activation) and protein phosphatase 2A (resulting in inactivation), the major tau kinase and phosphatase. Suppressing the increased expression of miR-218 inhibits the ERα-induced tau hyperphosphorylation as well as the PTPα decline. In contrast, ERβ inhibits tau phosphorylation by limiting miR-218 levels and restoring the miR-218 levels antagonized the attenuation of tau phosphorylation by ERβ. These data reveal for the first time opposing roles for ERα and ERβ in AD pathogenesis and suggest potential therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Si Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Fang‐Fang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Dan Liu
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
- Department of Genetics School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- Sino‐Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
| | - He‐Zhou Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Lu Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jian‐Guo Chen
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
- Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Heng‐Ye Man
- Department of Biology Boston University Boston MA 02215USA
| | - Cheng‐Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry Inge Grundke‐Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island NY 10314USA
| | - Youming Lu
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jian‐Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Ling‐Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
- Sino‐Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
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19
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ALCAR Exerts Neuroprotective and Pro-Neurogenic Effects by Inhibition of Glial Activation and Oxidative Stress via Activation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Parkinsonian Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Fernandes S, Salta S, Summavielle T. Methamphetamine promotes α-tubulin deacetylation in endothelial cells: the protective role of acetyl-l-carnitine. Toxicol Lett 2015; 234:131-8. [PMID: 25703822 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a powerful psychostimulant drug used worldwide for its reinforcing properties. In addition to the classic long-lasting monoaminergic-disrupting effects extensively described in the literature, METH has been consistently reported to increase blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, both in vivo and in vitro, as a result of tight junction and cytoskeleton disarrangement. Microtubules play a critical role in cell stability, which relies on post-translational modifications such as α-tubulin acetylation. As there is evidence that psychostimulants drugs modulate the expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs), we hypothesized that in endothelial cells METH-mediation of cytoplasmatic HDAC6 activity could affect tubulin acetylation and further contribute to BBB dysfunction. To validate our hypothesis, we exposed the bEnd.3 endothelial cells to increasing doses of METH and verified that it leads to an extensive α-tubulin deacetylation mediated by HDACs activation. Furthermore, since we recently reported that acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC), a natural occurring compound, prevents BBB structural loss in a context of METH exposure, we reasoned that ALC could also preserve the acetylation of microtubules under METH action. The present results confirm that ALC is able to prevent METH-induced deacetylation providing effective protection on microtubule acetylation. Although further investigation is still needed, HDACs regulation may become a new therapeutic target for ALC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fernandes
- Rua Alfredo Allen, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, Addiction Biology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Rua Valente Perfeito, 322, School of Allied Health Sciences - Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESTSP-IPP), 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - S Salta
- Rua Alfredo Allen, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, Addiction Biology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Rua Valente Perfeito, 322, School of Allied Health Sciences - Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESTSP-IPP), 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
| | - T Summavielle
- Rua Alfredo Allen, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, Addiction Biology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Rua Valente Perfeito, 322, School of Allied Health Sciences - Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESTSP-IPP), 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
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Onofrj M, Ciccocioppo F, Varanese S, di Muzio A, Calvani M, Chiechio S, Osio M, Thomas A. Acetyl-L-carnitine: from a biological curiosity to a drug for the peripheral nervous system and beyond. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 13:925-36. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2013.814930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Cacabelos R, Cacabelos P, Torrellas C, Tellado I, Carril JC. Pharmacogenomics of Alzheimer's disease: novel therapeutic strategies for drug development. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1175:323-556. [PMID: 25150875 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major problem of health and disability, with a relevant economic impact on our society. Despite important advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, its primary causes still remain elusive, accurate biomarkers are not well characterized, and the available pharmacological treatments are not cost-effective. As a complex disorder, AD is a polygenic and multifactorial clinical entity in which hundreds of defective genes distributed across the human genome may contribute to its pathogenesis. Diverse environmental factors, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and epigenetic phenomena, together with structural and functional genomic dysfunctions, lead to amyloid deposition, neurofibrillary tangle formation, and premature neuronal death, the major neuropathological hallmarks of AD. Future perspectives for the global management of AD predict that genomics and proteomics may help in the search for reliable biomarkers. In practical terms, the therapeutic response to conventional drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors, multifactorial strategies) is genotype-specific. Genomic factors potentially involved in AD pharmacogenomics include at least five categories of gene clusters: (1) genes associated with disease pathogenesis; (2) genes associated with the mechanism of action of drugs; (3) genes associated with drug metabolism (phase I and II reactions); (4) genes associated with drug transporters; and (5) pleiotropic genes involved in multifaceted cascades and metabolic reactions. The implementation of pharmacogenomic strategies will contribute to optimize drug development and therapeutics in AD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Chair of Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, 28692, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain,
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Zhao L, Chu CB, Li JF, Yang YT, Niu SQ, Qin W, Hao YG, Dong Q, Guan R, Hu WL, Wang Y. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 reduces acetylcholine level in striatum via disturbing cellular distribution of choline acetyltransferase in cholinergic interneurons in rats. Neuroscience 2013; 255:203-11. [PMID: 24121130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic interneurons, which provide the main source of acetylcholine (ACh) in the striatum, control the striatal local circuits and deeply involve in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a crucial kinase with diverse fundamental functions and accepted that deregulation of GSK-3 activity also plays important roles in diverse neurodegenerative diseases. However, up to now, there is no direct proof indicating whether GSK-3 activation is responsible for cholinergic dysfunction. In the present study, with combined intracerebroventricular injection of Wortmannin and GF-109203X, we activated GSK-3 and demonstrated the increased phosphorylation level of microtubule-associated protein tau and neurofilaments (NFs) in the rat striatum. The activated GSK-3 consequently decreased ACh level in the striatum as a result of the reduction of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. The alteration of ChAT activity was due to impaired ChAT distribution rather than its expression. Furthermore, we proved that cellular ChAT distribution was dependent on low phosphorylation level of NFs. Nevertheless, the cholinergic dysfunction in the striatum failed to induce significant neuronal number reduction. In summary, our data demonstrates the link between GSK-3 activation and cholinergic dysfunction in the striatum and provided beneficial evidence for the pathogenesis study of relevant neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Peng CX, Hu J, Liu D, Hong XP, Wu YY, Zhu LQ, Wang JZ. Disease-modified glycogen synthase kinase-3β intervention by melatonin arrests the pathology and memory deficits in an Alzheimer's animal model. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:1555-63. [PMID: 23402899 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The current therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are merely palliative that cannot arrest the pathologic progression of the disease. Therefore, it is critical to develop treatments that can target the disease-modifying molecule(s). In the present study, we found that treatment of tg2576 mice with melatonin from 4-8 months of age did not improve the pathology or behavioral performance of the mice. However, remarkable attenuation of tau and β-amyloid pathologies with memory improvement were observed when melatonin was supplied from the age of 8-12 months or 4-12 months of the mice; more importantly, the improvements were still significant when the mice survived to old age. We also found that the disease stage-specific alteration of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) but not protein phosphatase-2A, was correlated with the alterations of the pathology and behavior, and the timely targeting of GSK-3β was critical for the efficacy of melatonin. Our finding suggests that melatonin treatment only at proper timing could arrest AD by targeting the activated GSK-3β, which provides primary evidence for the importance and strategy in developing disease-modifying interventions of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia Peng
- Pathophysiology Department, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Neurological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Wang SH, Liao XM, Liu D, Hu J, Yin YY, Wang JZ, Zhu LQ. NGF promotes long-term memory formation by activating poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:1085-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Zeng L, Webster SV, Newton PM. The biology of protein kinase C. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 740:639-61. [PMID: 22453963 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review gives a basic introduction to the biology of protein kinase C, one of the first calcium-dependent kinases to be discovered. We review the structure and function of protein kinase C, along with some of the substrates of individual isoforms. We then review strategies for inhibiting PKC in experimental systems and finally discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PKC. Each aspect is covered in summary, with links to detailed resources where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Zeng
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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27
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlie Alzheimer-like Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Neurodegeneration*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2012.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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