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Suljević D, Fočak M, Škrijelj R, Mitrašinović-Brulić M. Therapeutic benefit of oregano oil in the acute idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats: Adverse effects of high dose of oreganum. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4015. [PMID: 38613208 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Toxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) can lead to serious liver injury. The aim of the study is to investigate the protective effects of oregano oil (Origanum minutiflorum extract oil) against CCl4-induced liver injury. Two doses of oregano oil were used in the experiment: a low dose (LD; 20 mg/kg) and a high dose (HD; 60 mg/kg) during 2 weeks. CCl4 caused severe liver damage, nucleolus destruction in hepatocytes and cytogenetic changes in the nucleus. Indirectly, CCl4 causes decreased protein synthesis and significantly high creatinine and urea values. Hematological disorders have been recorded, such as decreased RBC and hemoglobin concentration, increased WBC and deformability of the erythrocyte membrane. Both doses of oregano oil had protective effects. Improved protein synthesis and high globulins level, creatinine and urea were found in both groups. Cytogenetic changes in the nucleus of hepatocytes were reduced. A high dose of oregano oil had maximal protective effects for RBC, but a very weak effect on hemoglobin synthesis. Also, WBC and lymphocyte values were low. Origanum stimulates protein synthesis and recovery of hepatocytes after liver injury, reduces the deformability of the erythrocyte membrane. High doses of oregano oil decreased WBC and lymphocytes which may lead to a weakening of the immune response. However, high doses are more effective against severe platelet aggregation than low doses, suggesting an effective treatment against thrombocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Suljević
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Muhamed Fočak
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Rifat Škrijelj
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maja Mitrašinović-Brulić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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2
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Keshav P, Goyal DK, Kaur S. In vitro and in vivo therapeutic antileishmanial potential of ellagic acid against Leishmania donovani in murine model. Med Microbiol Immunol 2023; 212:35-51. [PMID: 36399160 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-022-00754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Parasite of genus Leishmania viz. L. donovani and L. infantum cause visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala-azar, systemic disease with significant enlargement of the liver and spleen, weight loss, anemia, fever and immunosuppression. The silent expansion of vectors, reservoir hosts and resistant strains is also of great concern in VL control. Considering all these issues, the present study focused on in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial screening of ellagic acid (EA) against L. donovani. The in vitro study was performed against the protozoan parasite L. donovani and a 50% inhibitory concentration was calculated. The DNA arrest in the sub-G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle was studied. In vivo studies included the assessment of parasite burden and immunomodulation in response to treatment of ellagic acid in BALB/c mice. The levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and isotype antibodies were assessed in different groups of mice. EA showed in vitro parasiticidal activity with IC50 18.55 µg/mL and thwarted cell-cycle progression at the sub-G0/G1 phase. Administration of ellagic acid to the BALB/c mice reported diminution of splenic and hepatic parasite burden coupled with an expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. EA further potentiated a protective immune response with augmentation of Th1 type immune response evidenced by elevation of serum IgG2a levels and DTH response. EA was reported to be safe and non-toxic to the THP-1 cell line as well as to the liver and kidneys of mice. These findings endorse the therapeutic potential of EA with significant immunomodulation and can serve as a promising agent against this debilitating parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Keshav
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Goyal
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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Rizvi SAA, Einstein GP, Tulp OL, Sainvil F, Branly R. Introduction to Traditional Medicine and Their Role in Prevention and Treatment of Emerging and Re-Emerging Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1442. [PMID: 36291651 PMCID: PMC9599697 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases have been a threat to human health globally. The relentless efforts and research have enabled us to overcome most of the diseases through the use of antiviral and antibiotic agents discovered and employed. Unfortunately, the microorganisms have the capability to adapt and mutate over time and antibiotic and antiviral resistance ensues. There are many challenges in treating infections such as failure of the microorganisms to respond to the therapeutic agents, which has led to more chronic infections, complications, and preventable loss of life. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration is warranted to create more potent, effective, and versatile therapies to prevent and eradicate the old and newly emerging diseases. In the recent past, natural medicine has proven its effectiveness against various illnesses. Most of the pharmaceutical agents currently used can trace their origin to the natural products in one way, shape, or form. The full potential of natural products is yet to be realized, as numerous natural resources have not been explored and analyzed. This merits continuous support in research and analysis of ancient treatment systems to explore their full potential and employ them as an alternative or principal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A. A. Rizvi
- College of Biomedical Sciences, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| | - George P. Einstein
- College of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston P.O. Box 506, UK
| | - Orien L. Tulp
- College of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston P.O. Box 506, UK
| | - Frantz Sainvil
- College of Medicine, University of Science, Arts and Technology, Olveston P.O. Box 506, UK
| | - Rolando Branly
- Physical Sciences Department, Broward College, Davie, FL 33332, USA
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Castillo CMS, Caroca R, Lazo-Vélez MA, Antonyak H, Polishchuk A, Lysiuk R, Oliinyk P, De Masi L, Bontempo P, Martorell M, Daştan SD, Rigano D, Wink M, Cho WC. Ellagic Acid: A Review on Its Natural Sources, Chemical Stability, and Therapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3848084. [PMID: 35237379 PMCID: PMC8885183 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3848084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a bioactive polyphenolic compound naturally occurring as secondary metabolite in many plant taxa. EA content is considerable in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and in wood and bark of some tree species. Structurally, EA is a dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid (HHDP), a dimeric gallic acid derivative, produced mainly by hydrolysis of ellagitannins, a widely distributed group of secondary metabolites. EA is attracting attention due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative properties. EA displayed pharmacological effects in various in vitro and in vivo model systems. Furthermore, EA has also been well documented for its antiallergic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective properties. This review reports on the health-promoting effects of EA, along with possible mechanisms of its action in maintaining the health status, by summarizing the literature related to the therapeutic potential of this polyphenolic in the treatment of several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Caroca
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Group, Science and Technology Faculty, Universidad del Azuay, Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77, Cuenca, Ecuador
- Universidad del Azuay, Grupos Estratégicos de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición Industrial (GEICA-UDA), Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77, Apartado 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Marco A. Lazo-Vélez
- Universidad del Azuay, Grupos Estratégicos de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición Industrial (GEICA-UDA), Av. 24 de Mayo 7-77, Apartado 01.01.981, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Roman Lysiuk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Petro Oliinyk
- Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Luigi De Masi
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Bontempo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michael Wink
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, INF 329, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Potential Roles and Key Mechanisms of Hawthorn Extract against Various Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040867. [PMID: 35215517 PMCID: PMC8879000 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Crataegus (hawthorn), a flowering shrub or tree, is a member of the Rosaceae family and consists of approximately 280 species that have been primarily cultivated in East Asia, North America, and Europe. Consumption of hawthorn preparations has been chiefly associated with pharmacological benefits for cardiovascular diseases, including congestive heart failure and angina pectoris. Treatment with hawthorn extracts can be related to improvements in the complex pathogenesis of various hepatic and cardiovascular disorders. In this regard, the present review described that the presence of hawthorn extracts ameliorated hepatic injury, lipid accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer in an abundance of experimental models. Hawthorn extracts might have these promising activities, largely by enhancing the hepatic antioxidant system. In addition, several mechanisms, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and apoptosis, are responsible for the role of hawthorn extracts in repairing the dysfunction of injured hepatocytes. Specifically, hawthorn possesses a wide range of biological actions relevant to the treatment of toxic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Accordingly, hawthorn extracts can be developed as a major source of therapeutic agents for liver diseases.
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Al-Harbi SA, Abdulrahman AO, Zamzami MA, Khan MI. Urolithins: The Gut Based Polyphenol Metabolites of Ellagitannins in Cancer Prevention, a Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:647582. [PMID: 34164422 PMCID: PMC8215145 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.647582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer as a disease continues to ravage the world population without regard to sex, age, and race. Due to the growing number of cases worldwide, cancer exerts a significant negative impact on global health and the economy. Interestingly, chemotherapy has been used over the years as a therapeutic intervention against cancer. However, high cost, resistance, and toxic by-effects to treatment have overshadowed some of its benefits. In recent times, efforts have been ongoing in searching for anticancer therapeutics of plant origin, focusing on polyphenols. Urolithins are secondary polyphenol metabolites derived from the gut microbial action on ellagitannins and ellagic acid-rich foods such as pomegranate, berries, and nuts. Urolithins are emerging as a new class of anticancer compounds that can mediate their cancer-preventive activities through cell cycle arrest, aromatase inhibition, induction of apoptosis, tumor suppression, promotion of autophagy, and senescence, transcriptional regulation of oncogenes, and growth factor receptors. In this review, we discussed the growing shreds of evidence supporting these secondary phenolic metabolites' anticancer properties. Furthermore, we have pointed out some of the future directions needed to establish urolithins as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami A Al-Harbi
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Jamoum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Arraché Gonçalves G, Eifler-Lima VL, von Poser GL. Revisiting nature: a review of iridoids as a potential antileishmanial class. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2021; 21:101-126. [PMID: 33746658 PMCID: PMC7960493 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-021-09750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis still stands as one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases in the least developed and emerging countries. The recommended therapeutic arsenal to treat leishmaniasis is characterized by several shortcomings, and resistance has already been reported. Hence, this dramatic background highlights the pressing need to develop novel, affordable, and safe antileishmanial drugs. Multiple classes of natural compounds have been reported to possess antileishmanial activity. Among these classes, iridoids stand out as a special type of monoterpenoids with diverse biological properties-including their antileishmanial potential. This review aims to discuss the available literature between 1991 and 2020 related to the antileishmanial activity of the iridoid class. Throughout the past decades, various investigations attributed antileishmanial action to assorted iridoid types, including inhibitory potential towards validated drug targets and immunomodulatory activity. The latter deserves special attention due to the ability of some iridoids to improve the host's immune response against parasites. It opens the possibility of iridoids become adjuncts in leishmaniasis treatments by improving the efficacy of currently employed drugs. Furthermore, the present study intends to provide a convenient visual representation of which iridoids and Leishmania spp. species have been most investigated as a guide for further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Arraché Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000 Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Eifler-Lima
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000 Brazil
| | - Gilsane Lino von Poser
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000 Brazil
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8
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Aishwarya V, Solaipriya S, Sivaramakrishnan V. Role of ellagic acid for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2925-2944. [PMID: 33368795 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Globally, one of the alarming problems is the prevalence and burden of liver diseases, which accounts for 2 million cases per year. Chronic liver aetiologies such as hepatitis infections, alcoholic or non-alcoholic liver disease, environmental agents, and drug-induced toxicity are invariably responsible for liver fibrosis progression to finally hepatocellular carcinoma. Current treatment options are unable to overwhelm and cure liver diseases. Emerging findings suggest researchers' interest in using evidence-based complementary medicine such as ellagic acid with extensive pharmacological properties. They include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidaemic, anti-viral, anti-angiogenic, and anticancer activity. The molecular functions elicited by ellagic acid include scavenging of free radicals, regulation of lipid metabolism, the prohibition of fibrogenesis response-mediating proteins, inhibits hepatic stellate cells and myofibroblasts, restrains hepatic viral replication, facilitates suppression of growth factors, regulates transcription factors, proinflammatory cytokines, augments the liver immune response, fosters apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation in tumorigenic cells. This review will most notably focus on preclinical and clinical information based on currently available evidence to warrant ellagic acid's prospective role in preventing liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatasubramanian Aishwarya
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Solairaja Solaipriya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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Ibrahim J, Kabiru AY, Abdulrasheed-Adeleke T, Lawal B, Adewuyi AH. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of curcuminoid isolates from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome on CCl4-induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1790928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ibrahim
- Gombe State College of Health Science and Technology, Kaltungo, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Yusuf Kabiru
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria
| | | | - Bashir Lawal
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Minna, Minna, Nigeria
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Synthesis of lactoferrin mesoporous silica nanoparticles for pemetrexed/ellagic acid synergistic breast cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 188:110824. [PMID: 32023511 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the clinical approval of few nanomedicines for cancer therapy, some drawbacks still impede their improved efficiency including low drug loading, off-target toxicity and development of multi-drug resistance. Herein, lactoferrin (Lf)-coupled mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) were developed for combined delivery of the cytotoxic drug pemetrexed (PMT) and the phytomedicine ellagic acid (EA) for synergistic breast cancer therapy. While the hydrophobic EA was physically encapsulated within the pores of MSNPs via the adsorptive properties of MSNPs and the electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged EA and positively charged amino modified MSNs, the highly water soluble PMT was chemically anchored to the Lf shell through chemical conjugation to the surface of lactoferrin coated MSNPs by carbodiimide reaction to avoid pre-mature drug release and systemic toxicity. The dual drug-loaded Lf-MSNPs (284 nm) demonstrated a sequential faster release of EA followed by a sustained release of PMT. The dual drug-loaded Lf-MSNPs exhibited highest cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) breast cancer cells as revealed by the lowest combination index (CI = 0.885) compared to free drugs. The combination index value (< 1) revealed synergy between both loaded drugs. Furthermore, high cellular uptake of the nanocarriers into MCF-7 breast cancer cells was observed via Lf-receptor mediated endocytosis. Altogether, the dual drug-loaded Lf-targeted MSNPs showed to be a promising carrier for breast cancer therapy through triggering different signaling pathways, and hence overcoming the multi-drug resistance and minimizing the systemic toxicity.
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Zhang C, Hu J, Sheng L, Yuan M, Wu Y, Chen L, Wang G, Qiu Z. Ellagic acid ameliorates AKT-driven hepatic steatosis in mice by suppressing de novo lipogenesis via the AKT/SREBP-1/FASN pathway. Food Funct 2019; 10:3410-3420. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00284g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation in mice by suppressing AKT-driven de novo lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Sheng
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guihong Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription
| | - Zhenpeng Qiu
- College of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan
- People's Republic of China
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12
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Metabolic profiles and pharmacokinetics of picroside I in rats by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1095:157-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Serairi Beji R, Ben Mansour R, Bettaieb Rebey I, Aidi Wannes W, Jameleddine S, Hammami M, Megdiche W, Ksouri R. Does Curcuma longa root powder have an effect against CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: a protective and curative approach. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 28:181-189. [PMID: 30815309 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate potentially protective and curative effects of Curcuma longa root (turmeric) powder on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Turmeric was administered before (preventive effect) or after (curative effect) treatment with CCl4. Total phenolic and flavonoid levels were 26.35 mg GAE/g and 12.35 mg CE/g, respectively. Using HPLC analysis, turmeric powder was rich in curcumin (62.97%), demethoxycurcumin (20.86%) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (16.17%). Curcuma longa powder showed important in vitro antioxidant activities. Results showed that the activities of aspartate aminotransaminase and alanine aminotransaminase, and the levels of bilirubin and serum lipids were increased in CCl4-treated animals. However, total protein and albumin levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were decreased. Turmeric administration, before or after CCl4 treatment, significantly decreased the activities of marker enzymes and lipid levels in serum. Moreover, total protein and albumin contents were restored to nearly normal levels after turmeric administration accompanied with increase of antioxidant enzymes activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Serairi Beji
- Ecole Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé de Tunis, B.P. 176, BabSouika, 1007 Tunis, Tunisia
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Rim Ben Mansour
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Iness Bettaieb Rebey
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Aidi Wannes
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Saloua Jameleddine
- 3Unité de recherche 03/UR/08-05, Fibrose pulmonaire: Prévention et traitement, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Majdi Hammami
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Wided Megdiche
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ksouri
- 2Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de BorjCédria (CBBC), BP 901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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14
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Liver and intestinal protective effects of Castanea sativa Mill. bark extract in high-fat diet rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201540. [PMID: 30080863 PMCID: PMC6078294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Castanea sativa Mill. have been studied in high fat diet (HFD) overweight rats. Natural Extract of Chestnut bark (Castanea sativa Mill.) (ENC®), rich in ellagitannins, has been studied in 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided in four groups. Two groups were controls: regular (RD) and HDF diet. Two groups received ENC® (20 mg/kg/day): RD + ENC® and HFD + ENC®. At baseline and at 7, 14 and 21 days, weight gain, serum lipids, plasma cytokines, liver histology, microsomial enzymes and oxidation, intestinal oxidative stress and contractility were studied. HFD increased body weight, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, induced hepatocytes microvescicular steatosis, altered microsomial, increased liver and intestinal oxidative stress, deranged intestinal contractility. In HFD-fed rats, ENC® exerted antiadipose and antioxidative activities and normalized intestinal contractility, suggesting a potential approach to overweight management associated diseases.
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Gozeneli O, Tatli F, Gunes AE, Guldur ME, Taskin A, Bardakci O, Yilmaz M. Effects of thymoquinone and curcumin on the regeneration of rat livers subject to 70% hepatectomy. Acta Cir Bras 2018. [PMID: 29513809 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020180020000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate thymoquinone, curcumin and a combination of these two drugs were effective or not at the growth of liver. METHODS Forty female Wistar-Albino rats distributed into five groups of eight rats each, control, thymoquinone, curcumin, and thymoquinone/curcumin groups. Pathological specimens were studied using the Ki-67 Proliferation Index(PI); and arginase(Arg), tissue plasminogen activator(tPA), ceruloplasmin(Cer) and nitric oxide(NO) were studied in biochemical analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that Ki-67 proliferation index was low in Groups 1. The proliferation coefficient was significantly higher in the Group 2 and Group 4 than in the Group 1 and Group 3.(P < 0.001 between Groups 1 and 2, 1 and 4, and 3 and 4). There was no difference between Groups 2 and 4 (P = 1). The results of the biochemical Arg, tPA and Cer test showed statistically between the Group 1 and Group 2. NO showed significant differences Group 1 and 3. CONCLUSIONS Thymoquinone and curcumin both have known positive effects on the organism. Histological and biochemical tests showed that thymoquinone is more effective than curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Gozeneli
- Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey. Conception, design, scientific and intellectual content of the study; acquisition of data; statistical analysis; manuscript writing; final approval
| | - Faik Tatli
- Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey. Analysis of data, technical procedures, manuscript writing
| | - Ali Erdal Gunes
- Assistant Professor, Department of Hyperbaric and Underwater Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey. Analysis of data, statistical analysis, technical procedures, critical revision
| | - Muhammed Emin Guldur
- Professor, Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey. Interpretation of data, pathological examinations
| | - Abdullah Taskin
- PhD, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey. Interpretation of data, biochemical parameters
| | - Osman Bardakci
- Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey. Analysis of data, manuscript writing
| | - Mehmet Yilmaz
- Professor, Department of Liver Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey. Manuscript writing, critical revision
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Wang YF, Tang ZH, Li T, Xu XH, Chen X, Wang Y, Wang YT, Lu JJ. Baicalein protects tert‑butyl hydroperoxide‑induced hepatotoxicity dependent of reactive oxygen species removal. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8392-8398. [PMID: 28944883 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein (BA), one of the major bioactive flavonoids isolated from Scutellariae Radix, possesses various pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of BA on tert‑butyl hydroperoxide (t‑BHP)‑induced hepatotoxicity, and to investigate the potential mechanisms in LO2 cells. BA was demonstrated to possess protective properties against t‑BHP injury in LO2 cells, as evidenced by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays. BA significantly prevented t‑BHP‑induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells caused by t‑BHP, and prevented intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in LO2 cells. Furthermore, BA slightly triggered autophagy in LO2 cells, as evidenced by the elevation of LC3‑II expression, while BA combined treatment with an autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine) or activator (rapamycin) did not alter the hepatoprotective properties. In conclusion, BA may possess a hepatoprotective effect against t‑BHP‑induced liver cell injury, dependent on ROS removal. Therefore, BA may represent a potential drug candidate in protecting hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Hai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Huang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
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Quantitative Analysis of Phyllanthus Species for Bioactive Molecules Using High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-017-0839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Zhao J, Li G, Bo W, Zhou Y, Dang S, Wei J, Li X, Liu M. Multiple effects of ellagic acid on human colorectal carcinoma cells identified by gene expression profile analysis. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:613-621. [PMID: 28101576 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. Phytochemicals have become a research hotspot in recent years as cancer prevention and treatment agents due to their low toxicity and limited side-effects. Ellagic acid (EA), a natural phenolic constituent, displays various biological activities, including anticancer effects. However, the detailed anticancer mechanisms of EA remain unclear. In the present study, we found that EA inhibited the growth of HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Moreover, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by microarray profiling of HCT-116 cells treated with EA. A total of 857 DEGs (363 upregulated and 494 downregulated) were identified with a >1.5-fold change in expression after treatment with EA for 72 h. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that a large number of cellular functions were modified by EA including proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and angiogenesis. Interaction network analysis using DEGs provided details of their interactions and predicted the key target pathways of EA. To verify the result of cDNA microarray, 10 selected DEGs related to proliferation, apoptosis or cell cycle were further confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Based on microarray data, we identified several crucial functions of EA. These results provide important new data for EA in anti-CRC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Τhe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Τhe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wanlan Bo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Τhe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Τhe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shuwei Dang
- Department of General Surgery, Τhe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jiufeng Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Τhe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xinglong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Τhe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Τhe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Guliani A, Kumari A, Kumar D, Yadav SK. Development of nanoformulation of picroliv isolated from Picrorrhiza kurroa. IET Nanobiotechnol 2016; 10:114-9. [PMID: 27256889 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Picroliv, a mixture of picroside I and kutkoside isolated from rhizome of Picrorrhiza kurroa has been reported for many pharmaceutical properties such as hepatoprotective, anticholestatic, antioxidant and immune-modulating activity. However, picroliv possessed lesser efficacy due to its poor aqueous solubility and lesser bioavailability. To find solution, picroliv was loaded into biodegradable poly lactic acid nanoparticles (PLA NPs) using solvent evaporation method. The picroliv-loaded PLA NPs were characterised by UV-vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and Zeta sizer. The size of picroliv-loaded PLA NPs was 182 ± 20 nm. Zeta potential of picroliv-loaded PLA NPs was -23.5 mV, indicated their good stability. In vitro picroliv release from picroliv-loaded PLA NPs showed an initial burst release followed by slow and sustained release. The efficacy of picroliv-loaded PLA NPs was assessed against KB cell lines. Blank PLA NPs showed no cytotoxicity on KB cells. The picroliv-loaded PLA NPs showed more cytotoxic activity on KB cells as compared to the pure drug. Hence, the developed picroliv nanoformulation would find potential application in pharma-sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Guliani
- Acedemy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Avnesh Kumari
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, HP, India
| | - Dharmesh Kumar
- Food Nutraceuticals and Quality Control Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, HP, India
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Saha P, Yeoh BS, Singh R, Chandrasekar B, Vemula PK, Haribabu B, Vijay-Kumar M, Jala VR. Gut Microbiota Conversion of Dietary Ellagic Acid into Bioactive Phytoceutical Urolithin A Inhibits Heme Peroxidases. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156811. [PMID: 27254317 PMCID: PMC4890745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies signify that diets rich in phytochemicals offer many beneficial functions specifically during pathologic conditions, yet their effects are often not uniform due to inter-individual variation. The host indigenous gut microbiota and their modifications of dietary phytochemicals have emerged as factors that greatly influence the efficacy of phytoceutical-based intervention. Here, we investigated the biological activities of one such active microbial metabolite, Urolithin A (UA or 3,8-dihydroxybenzo[c]chromen-6-one), which is derived from the ellagic acid (EA). Our study demonstrates that UA potently inhibits heme peroxidases i.e. myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) when compared to the parent compound EA. In addition, chrome azurol S (CAS) assay suggests that EA, but not UA, is capable of binding to Fe3+, due to its catechol-like structure, although its modest heme peroxidase inhibitory activity is abrogated upon Fe3+-binding. Interestingly, UA-mediated MPO and LPO inhibition can be prevented by innate immune protein human NGAL or its murine ortholog lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), implying the complex nature of host innate immunity-microbiota interactions. Spectral analysis indicates that UA inhibits heme peroxidase-catalyzed reaction by reverting the peroxidase back to its inactive native state. In support of these in vitro results, UA significantly reduced phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced superoxide generation in neutrophils, however, EA failed to block the superoxide generation. Treatment with UA significantly reduced PMA-induced mouse ear edema and MPO activity compared to EA treated mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that microbiota-mediated conversion of EA to UA is advantageous to both host and microbiota i.e. UA-mediated inhibition of pro-oxidant enzymes reduce tissue inflammation, mitigate non-specific killing of gut bacteria, and abrogate iron-binding property of EA, thus providing a competitive edge to the microbiota in acquiring limiting nutrient iron and thrive in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piu Saha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rajbir Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Bhargavi Chandrasekar
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), UAS-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Vemula
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), UAS-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Ramalingaswami ReEntry Fellow, Dept. of Biotechnology, Govt. of India
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MVK); (VRJ)
| | - Venkatakrishna R. Jala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MVK); (VRJ)
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Ellagic acid enhances the antinociceptive action of venlafaxine in mouse acetic acid-induced pain: An isobolographic analysis. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:473-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Naghizadeh B, Mansouri MT, Ghorbanzadeh B. Ellagic acid enhances the antinociceptive action of carbamazepine in the acetic acid writhing test with mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:157-61. [PMID: 25898222 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1025288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ellagic acid (EA) produced antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects through the central and peripheral sites of action. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to examine the functional interaction between ellagic acid and carbamazepine (CBZ) on pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen groups of mice (8-10 each) were used in this study. Pain was induced by intraperitoneal acetic acid in mice (writhing test) and the functional interaction was analyzed using the isobolographic method. EA at doses 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg and carbamazepine at doses 3, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg, alone and also in combination (1/2, 1/4, and 1/8 of the drug's ED50) were intraperitoneally administered 30 min before acetic acid (0.6% v/v). Then, the abdominal writhes were counted during a 25-min period. RESULTS EA (0.3-10 mg/kg, i.p.) and CBZ (3-30 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited the writhing response evoked by acetic acid. Fifty percent effective dose (ED50) values against this tonic pain were 1.02 mg/kg and 6.40 mg/kg for EA and CBZ, respectively. The antinociception induced by EA showed higher potency than that of carbamazepine. Co-administration of increasing fractional increments of ED50 values of EA and CBZ produced additive interaction against writhing responses, as revealed by isobolographic analysis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that a combination of carbamazepine and ellagic acid may be a new strategy for the management of neuropathic pain such as what occurs in trigeminal neuralgia, since the use of carbamazepine is often limited by its adverse effects and by reduction of its analgesic effect through microsomal enzyme induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Naghizadeh
- a Department of Pharmacology , Medical School, Pain and Physiology Research Centers, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Mansouri
- b Department of Pharmacology , Medical School, Physiology and Atherosclerosis Research Centers, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran , and
| | - Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- c Department of Pharmacology , Medical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
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Sagor AT, Chowdhury MRH, Tabassum N, Hossain H, Rahman MM, Alam MA. Supplementation of fresh ucche (Momordica charantia L. var. muricata Willd) prevented oxidative stress, fibrosis and hepatic damage in CCl4 treated rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:115. [PMID: 25884170 PMCID: PMC4423480 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0636-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Ucche (Momordica charantia L. var. muricata (Willd.) Chakravarty) has been reported to possess many benefits and medicinal properties. However, the protective effect of ucche against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity have not been clarified fully yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ucche on oxidative stress and inflammation in liver of CCl4 treated rats. Methods Female Long Evans rats were administered with CCl4 orally (1 ml/kg) twice a week for 2 weeks and were supplemented with freshly prepared crashed ucche (10% wt/wt of diet) with powdered chaw food. Both plasma and liver tissues were analyzed for AST, ALT and ALP activities. Oxidative stress parameters were measure by determining malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP), and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and catalase activities in plasma and liver tissues. Moreover, inflammation and tissue fibrosis were confirmed by histological staining of liver tissue sections. Results Our data suggest that ucche significantly prevented CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, indicated by both diagnostic indicators of liver damage (serum transferases activities) and histopathological analysis. Moreover, CCl4 administration induced profound elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, as evidenced by increasing lipid peroxidation level and depletion of antioxidant enzymes in liver. Fresh ucche supplementation prevented the oxidative stresses and improved antioxidant enzyme function. Furthermore, fresh ucche supplementation reduced hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration, iron deposition and fibrosis in liver of CCl4 treated rats. Conclusion In conclusion, these results suggested that the inhibition of CCl4-induced inflammation by ucche is due at least in part to its anti-oxidant activity and its ability to modulate the inflammation and fibrosis in liver.
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Jho EH, Kang K, Oidovsambuu S, Lee EH, Jung SH, Shin IS, Nho CW. Gymnaster koraiensis and its major components, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and gymnasterkoreayne B, reduce oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide or acetaminophen in HepG2 cells. BMB Rep 2014; 46:513-8. [PMID: 24148773 PMCID: PMC4133837 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the protective effects of Gymnaster koraiensis against oxidative stress-induced hepatic cell damage. We used two different cytotoxicity models, i.e., the administration of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and acetaminophen, in HepG2 cells to evaluate the protective effects of G. koraiensis. The ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of G. koraiensis and its major compound, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (DCQA), exerted protective effects in the t-BHP-induced liver cytotoxicity model. The EA fraction and DCQA ameliorated t-BHP-induced reductions in GSH levels and exhibited free radical scavenging activity. The EA fraction and DCQA also significantly reduced t-BHP-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the hexane fraction of G. koraiensis and its major compound, gymnasterkoreayne B (GKB), exerted strong hepatoprotection in the acetaminopheninduced cytotoxicity model. CYP 3A4 enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by the extract, hexane fraction, and GKB. The hexane fraction and GKB ameliorated acetaminophen-induced reductions in GSH levels and protected against cell death. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(10): 513-518]
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Jho
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Korea
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Protective effect of Aframomum melegueta phenolics against CCl₄-induced rat hepatocytes damage; role of apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibition. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5880. [PMID: 25077538 PMCID: PMC5376205 DOI: 10.1038/srep05880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aframomum melegueta is a commonly used African spice. Through a hepatoprotective bioassay-guided isolation, the chloroform fraction of A.melegueta seeds yielded one new diarylheptanoid named 3-(S)-acetyl-1-(4′-hydroxy-3′, 5′-di methoxyphenyl)-7-(3″,4″, 5″-trihydroxyphenyl)heptane (1), and two new hydroxyphenylalkanones, [8]-dehydrogingerdione (2) and [6]-dehydroparadol (3), in addition to six known compounds (4–9). The hepatoprotective effect of A. melegueta methanol extract, sub-fractions and isolated compounds was investigated using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in a rat hepatocytes model. The methanol, chloroform extracts and compounds 1, 5, 8 and 9 of A. melegueta significantly inhibited the elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin-1beta (Il-1β), caspase3 and 9 and enhanced the reduced liver glutathione (GSH) level caused by CCl4 intoxication. These results indicate that A.melegueta extracts, and isolated compounds play a protective role in CCl4 induced acute liver injury which might be due to elevated antioxidative defense potentials, suppressed inflammatory responses and apoptosis of liver tissue.
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Zhang HM, Zhao L, Li H, Xu H, Chen WW, Tao L. Research progress on the anticarcinogenic actions and mechanisms of ellagic acid. Cancer Biol Med 2014; 11:92-100. [PMID: 25009751 PMCID: PMC4069806 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer treatments by chemotherapeutic agents, surgery, and radiation have not been highly effective in reducing the incidence of cancers and increasing the survival rate of cancer patients. In recent years, plant-derived compounds have attracted considerable attention as alternative cancer remedies for enhancing cancer prevention and treatment because of their low toxicities, low costs, and low side effects. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural phenolic constituent. Recent in vitro and in vivo experiments have revealed that EA elicits anticarcinogenic effects by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, breaking DNA binding to carcinogens, blocking virus infection, and disturbing inflammation, angiogenesis, and drug-resistance processes required for tumor growth and metastasis. This review enumerates the anticarcinogenic actions and mechanisms of EA. It also discusses future directions on the applications of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Zhang
- 1 Medical Sciences Research Center, 2 Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China ; 3 Nanjing Longyuan Natural Polyphenol Synthesis Institute, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- 1 Medical Sciences Research Center, 2 Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China ; 3 Nanjing Longyuan Natural Polyphenol Synthesis Institute, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Hao Li
- 1 Medical Sciences Research Center, 2 Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China ; 3 Nanjing Longyuan Natural Polyphenol Synthesis Institute, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Hao Xu
- 1 Medical Sciences Research Center, 2 Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China ; 3 Nanjing Longyuan Natural Polyphenol Synthesis Institute, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Wen-Wen Chen
- 1 Medical Sciences Research Center, 2 Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China ; 3 Nanjing Longyuan Natural Polyphenol Synthesis Institute, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Lin Tao
- 1 Medical Sciences Research Center, 2 Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing 210003, China ; 3 Nanjing Longyuan Natural Polyphenol Synthesis Institute, Nanjing 210042, China
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Lin YC, Cheng KM, Huang HY, Chao PY, Hwang JM, Lee HH, Lu CY, Chiu YW, Liu JY. Hepatoprotective activity of Chhit-Chan-Than extract powder against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. J Food Drug Anal 2014. [PMCID: PMC9359327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Involvement of the GABAergic system in the anxiolytic-like effect of the flavonoid ellagic acid in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 710:49-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pathak L, Agrawal Y, Dhir A. Natural polyphenols in the management of major depression. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 22:863-80. [PMID: 23642183 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.794783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural polyphenols, the non-essential micronutrients, found in array of plant products, are known to affect various physiological and biochemical functions in the body. Studies have shown the protective effect of these polyphenols in different neurological and mental disorders. These polyphenols modulate monoaminergic neurotransmission in the brain and thus possess antidepressant-like activity at least in animal models of depression. AREAS COVERED The present review discusses the use of these natural polyphenols in the treatment of major depression. The review article discusses the antidepressant potential of some important polyphenols such as amentoflavone, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, curcumin, ferulic acid, hesperidin, rutin, quercetin, naringenin, resveratrol, ellagic acid, nobiletin and proanthocyanidins. The mechanism of action of these polyphenols in the treatment of major depression is also discussed in detail. EXPERT OPINION There is an exciting prospect in the discovery of natural polyphenols as therapeutic agents in the treatment of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Pathak
- Gujarat Forensic Sciences University, Institute of Research & Development, DFS Headquarters, Sector 18-A, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382007, India
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Zhang A, Sun H, Wang X. Recent advances in natural products from plants for treatment of liver diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:570-7. [PMID: 23567947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver disease is any condition that may cause liver inflammation or tissue damage and affects liver function. Natural products that are found in vegetables, fruits, plant extracts, herbs, insects, and animals, have been traditionally used for treating liver diseases. They are chemical compounds that usually have biological activities for use in drug discovery and design. Many natural products have been clinically available as potent hepatoprotective agents against commonly occurring liver diseases. This review summarizes the current progress in the basic, clinical, and translational research on natural products in treatment of various liver diseases. Furthermore, we will focus on the discovery and biological evaluation of the natural products, which shows potential as a new therapeutic agent of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Zhang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Lab of Chinmedomics, Key Pharmacometabolomics Platform of Chinese Medicines, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
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Cloning and expression analysis of ten genes associated with picrosides biosynthesis in Picrorhiza kurrooa. Gene 2013; 515:320-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Inagaki Y, Matsumoto Y, Kataoka K, Matsuhashi N, Sekimizu K. Evaluation of drug-induced tissue injury by measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in silkworm hemolymph. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 13:13. [PMID: 23137391 PMCID: PMC3545979 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-13-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies suggest silkworms can be used as model animals instead of mammals in pharmacologic studies to develop novel therapeutic medicines. We examined the usefulness of the silkworm larvae Bombyx mori as an animal model for evaluating tissue injury induced by various cytotoxic drugs. Drugs that induce hepatotoxic effects in mammals were injected into the silkworm hemocoel, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was measured in the hemolymph 1 day later. Results Injection of CCl4 into the hemocoel led to an increase in ALT activity. The increase in ALT activity was attenuated by pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Injection of benzoic acid derivatives, ferric sulfate, sodium valproate, tetracycline, amiodarone hydrochloride, methyldopa, ketoconazole, pemoline (Betanamin), N-nitroso-fenfluramine, and D-galactosamine also increased ALT activity. Conclusions These findings indicate that silkworms are useful for evaluating the effects of chemicals that induce tissue injury in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Inagaki
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Girish C, Pradhan SC. Hepatoprotective activities of picroliv, curcumin, and ellagic acid compared to silymarin on carbon-tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in mice. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2012; 3:149-55. [PMID: 22629090 PMCID: PMC3356956 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500x.95515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of active phytochemicals, picroliv, curcumin, and ellagic acid in comparison to silymarin in the mice model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver toxicity. In addition, attempts were made to elucidate their possible mechanism(s) of action. Materials and Methods: Oxidative stress was induced in Swiss albino mice by a single injection (s.c.) of CCl4, 1 ml/kg body weight, diluted with arachis oil at a 1:1 ratio. The phytochemicals were administered once a day for 7& days (p.o.) as pretreatment at two dose levels (50 and 100 mg/kg/day). Results: CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity was manifested by an increase in the activities of liver enzymes (alanine transaminase, P < 0.001, aspartate transaminase, P < 0.001 and alkaline phosphatase, P < 0.001), malondialdehyde (MDA, P < 0.001)) levels and a decrease in activity of reduced glutathione (P < 0.001) and catalase in liver tissues. The histopathological examination of liver sections revealed centrizonal necrosis, fatty changes, and inflammatory reactions. The pretreatment with picroliv, curcumin, and ellagic acid normalized serum aminotransferase activities (P < 0.001), decreased levels of MDA (P < 0.001), improved the antioxidant status, and normalized the hepatic histo-architecture. The restoration of phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time also suggested the normalization of liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. Conclusion: This study supports the use of these active phytochemicals against toxic liver injury, which may act by preventing lipid peroxidation, augmenting the antioxidant defense system or by regenerating the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Girish
- Department of Pharmacology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
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Al-Dbass AM, Al- Daihan SK, Bhat RS. Agaricus blazei Murill as an efficient hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2012; 19:303-9. [PMID: 23961190 PMCID: PMC3730730 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agaricus blazei Murill is one of the very popular edible medicinal mushrooms. The present study investigated the protective effect of this biologically active mushroom on the tissue peroxidative damage and abnormal antioxidant levels in carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Male albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighting (120-150 g) were categorized into five groups. The first group served as the normal control, the second and the third groups were treated with Agaricus blazei Mushroom extract and carbon tetrachloride dose, respectively. Fourth group (protective group) was first treated with Agaricus blazei Mushroom extract followed by carbon tetrachloride treatment and fifth (therapeutic group) with carbon tetrachloride first followed by Agaricus blazei Mushroom treatment. The wet fruiting bodies of mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill, crushed and suspended in distilled water was administered orally to the treated groups of male albino rats. The activities of various enzymes (aspartate and alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase), levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E) and level of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were determined in the serum of all the experimental animals. Decrease in all the enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidant, along with an increase in the lipid peroxidative index (malondialdehyde) was found in all the carbon tetrachloride treated rats as compared with normal controls. Also increase level of non-enzymatic antioxidant along with the decrease level in malondialdehyde was found in all experimental animals which were treated with Agaricus blazei Mushroom extract as compared with normal controls. The findings indicate that the extract of Agaricus blazei Murill can protect the liver against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative damage in rats and is an efficient hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- AbM, Agaricus blazei Murill
- Agaricus blazei Murill
- Antioxidant
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- Carbon tetrachloride
- GR, glutathione reductase
- GSH, glutathione
- Hepatoprotective
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- Liver
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- vit. C, vitamin C
- vit. E, vitamin E
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M. Al-Dbass
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University. P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Girish C, Raj V, Arya J, Balakrishnan S. Evidence for the involvement of the monoaminergic system, but not the opioid system in the antidepressant-like activity of ellagic acid in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 682:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Girish C, Pradhan SC. Indian herbal medicines in the treatment of liver diseases: problems and promises. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:180-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.01011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Shivashankara AR, Azmidah A, Haniadka R, Rai MP, Arora R, Baliga MS. Dietary agents in the prevention of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicty: preclinical observations. Food Funct 2011; 3:101-9. [PMID: 22119904 DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10170f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Long term alcohol consumption is one of the important causes for liver failure and death. To complicate the existing problem there are no dependable hepatoprotective drugs and a large number of patients prefer using complementary and alternative medicines for treating and managing hepatic complications. Almost 25 centuries ago, Hippocrates, the father of medicine, proclaimed "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food." Exploring the association between diet and health continues even today. Preclinical studies carried out in the recent past have shown that the commonly used dietary agents like Allium sativum (garlic), Camellia sinensis (tea), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Emblica officinalis (Indian gooseberry), Ferula asafoetida (asafoetida), Garcinia cambogia (Malabar tamarind), Glycine max (soyabean), Murraya koenigii (curry leaves), Piper betle (beetle leaf), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Ocimum gratissimum (wild basil), Theobroma cacao (cocoa), Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) and Vitis vinifera (grapes) protect against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Mechanistic studies have shown that the beneficial effects of these phytochemicals in preventing the ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity are mediated by the antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. The present review for the first time collates the hepatoprotective effects of these agents and also emphasizes on aspects that need future research to establish their utility in humans.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ cross-regulation of signaling events implicated in liver fibrogenesis. Cell Signal 2011; 24:596-605. [PMID: 22108088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor with transcriptional activity controlling multiple physical and pathological processes. Recently, PPARγ has been implicated in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Its depleted expression has strong associations with the activation and transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells, the central event in liver fibrogenesis. Studies over the past decade demonstrate that PPARγ cross-regulates a number of signaling pathways mediated by growth factors and adipokines, and cellular events including apoptosis and senescence. These signaling and cellular events and their molecular interactions with PPARγ system are profoundly involved in liver fibrogenesis. We critically summarize these mechanistic insights into the PPARγ regulation in liver fibrogenesis based on the updated findings in this area. We conclude with a discussion of the impacts of these discoveries on the interpretation of liver fibrogenesis and their potential therapeutic implications. PPARγ activation could be a promising strategy for antifibrotic therapy.
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Kang K, Jho EH, Lee HJ, Oidovsambuu S, Yun JH, Kim CY, Yoo JH, Kim YJ, Kim JH, Ahn SY, Nho CW. Youngia denticulata Protects Against Oxidative Damage Induced by tert-Butylhydroperoxide in HepG2 Cells. J Med Food 2011; 14:1198-207. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsu Kang
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Jho
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Hee Ju Lee
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Sarangerel Oidovsambuu
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Ji Ho Yun
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Chul Young Kim
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yoo
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Young-Jin Kim
- Special Crops Experiment Station, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jong Hwan Kim
- Special Crops Experiment Station, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Soo Young Ahn
- Special Crops Experiment Station, Gangwon Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Functional Food Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangwon-do, Korea
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Song A, Ko HJ, Lai MN, Ng LT. Protective effects of Wu-Ling-Shen (Xylaria nigripes) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:454-60. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.534100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pourahmad J, Eskandari MR, Shakibaei R, Kamalinejad M. A search for hepatoprotective activity of fruit extract of Mangifera indica L. against oxidative stress cytotoxicity. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 65:83-89. [PMID: 20204522 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-010-0161-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) and their components are commonly used in folk medicine for many curative effects. The protective effects of different concentrations of aqueous extract of Mangifera indica L. fruit (Mango Extract) (20, 50 and 100 microg/ml) and also gallic acid (100 microM) as a pure compound in the extract were examined against oxidative stress toxicity induced by cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) in isolated rat hepatocytes. The extracts and gallic acid (100 microM) protected the hepatocyte against all oxidative stress markers including cell lysis, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, lysosomal membrane oxidative damage and cellular proteolysis. Mango Extracts (20, 50 and 100 microg/ml) were more effective than gallic acid (100 microM) in protecting hepatocytes against CHP induced lipid peroxidation. On the other hand gallic acid (100 microM) acted more effective than Mango Extracts (20, 50 and 100 microg/ml) at preventing lysosomal membrane damage. In addition H(2)O(2) scavenging effect of all extracts were determined in hepatocytes and compared with gallic acid (100 microM). There were no significance differences (P<0.05) between all plant extracts and gallic acid (100 microM) in H(2)O(2) scavenging activity. These results suggest a hepatoprotective role for Mango Extract against liver injury associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Pourahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Inhibitory effect of curcumin on IMP dehydrogenase, the target for anticancer and antiviral chemotherapy agents. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74:185-7. [PMID: 20057137 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), a rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides, is a therapeutic target for anticancer and antiviral agents. Among the 15 different polyphenols examined, curcumin was found to have an inhibitory effect on the IMPDH activity in both a competitive and uncompetitive manner and to suppress the cellular GTP level in HT-29 colon carcinoma cells.
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Girish C, Koner BC, Jayanthi S, Ramachandra Rao K, Rajesh B, Pradhan SC. Hepatoprotective activity of picroliv, curcumin and ellagic acid compared to silymarin on paracetamol induced liver toxicity in mice. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2009; 23:735-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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