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Šetinc M, Celinšćak Ž, Bočkor L, Zajc Petranović M, Stojanović Marković A, Peričić Salihović M, Deelen J, Škarić-Jurić T. The role of longevity-related genetic variant interactions as predictors of survival after 85 years of age. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 219:111926. [PMID: 38484896 PMCID: PMC11166054 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies have identified several genetic variants that might play a role in achieving longevity. This study investigates interactions between pairs of those single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their effect on survival above the age of 85 in a sample of 327 Croatian individuals. Although none of the SNPs individually showed a significant effect on survival in this sample, 14 of the 359 interactions tested (between SNPs not in LD) reached the level of nominal significance (p<0.05), showing a potential effect on late-life survival. Notably, SH2B3 rs3184504 interacted with different SNPs near TERC, TP53 rs1042522 with different SNPs located near the CDKN2B gene, and CDKN2B rs1333049 with different SNPs in FOXO3, as well as with LINC02227 rs2149954. The other interaction pairs with a possible effect on survival were FOXO3 rs2802292 and ERCC2 rs50871, IL6 rs1800795 and GHRHR rs2267723, LINC02227 rs2149954 and PARK7 rs225119, as well as PARK7 rs225119 and PTPN1 rs6067484. These interactions remained significant when tested together with a set of health-related variables that also had a significant effect on survival above 85 years. In conclusion, our results confirm the central role of genetic regulation of insulin signalling and cell cycle control in longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Šetinc
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | | | - Luka Bočkor
- Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia; Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Joris Deelen
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50931, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany.
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2
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Torigoe TH, Willcox DC, Shimabukuro M, Higa M, Gerschenson M, Andrukhiv A, Suzuki M, Morris BJ, Chen R, Gojanovich GS, Allsopp RC, Willcox BJ. Novel protective effect of the FOXO3 longevity genotype on mechanisms of cellular aging in Okinawans. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:18. [PMID: 38459055 PMCID: PMC10923797 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The genetic association of FOXO3 genotypes with human longevity is well established, although the mechanism is not fully understood. We now report on the relationship of the FOXO3 longevity variant rs2802292 with telomere length, telomerase activity, FOXO3 expression, and inflammatory cytokine levels in men and women. In agreement with earlier work, the FOXO3 longevity variant conferred protection against telomere shortening of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from adults aged 55 years and older. This was accompanied by higher levels of telomerase activity in mononuclear cells for carriers of the longevity-associated FOXO3 G-allele of SNP rs2802292 (P = 0.015). FOXO3 mRNA expression increased slightly with age in both young (P = 0.02) and old (P = 0.08) G-allele carriers. Older female G-allele carriers displayed a modest decline in levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 with age (P = 0.07). In contrast, older male G-allele carriers displayed an age-dependent increase in levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 with age (P = 0.04). Thus, FOXO3 may act through several different pro-longevity mechanisms, which may differ by age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor H Torigoe
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - D Craig Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Human Welfare, Okinawa International University, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan
- Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
- Diabetes and Life-Style Related Disease Center, Tomishiro Central Hospital, Tomishiro, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Moritake Higa
- Diabetes and Life-Style Related Disease Center, Tomishiro Central Hospital, Tomishiro, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mariana Gerschenson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Anastasia Andrukhiv
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Brian J Morris
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Randi Chen
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Greg S Gojanovich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Richard C Allsopp
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
- Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Okinawa Research Center for Longevity Science, Urasoe, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Chang ZS, He ZM, Xia JB. FoxO3 Regulates the Progress and Development of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:991-1006. [PMID: 36239722 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221014140817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. Investigation into the molecular mechanisms involved in aging and longevity will benefit the treatment of age-dependent diseases and the development of preventative medicine for agingrelated diseases. Current evidence has revealed that FoxO3, encoding the transcription factor (FoxO)3, a key transcription factor that integrates different stimuli in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and is involved in cell differentiation, protein homeostasis, stress resistance and stem cell status, plays a regulatory role in longevity and in age-related diseases. However, the precise mechanisms by which the FoxO3 transcription factor modulates aging and promotes longevity have been unclear until now. Here, we provide a brief overview of the mechanisms by which FoxO3 mediates signaling in pathways involved in aging and aging-related diseases, as well as the current knowledge on the role of the FoxO3 transcription factor in the human lifespan and its clinical prospects. Ultimately, we conclude that FoxO3 signaling pathways, including upstream and downstream molecules, may be underlying therapeutic targets in aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zao-Shang Chang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Ming He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Bo Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong, China
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Ni YQ, Liu YS. New Insights into the Roles and Mechanisms of Spermidine in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1948-1963. [PMID: 34881079 PMCID: PMC8612618 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High incidences of morbidity and mortality associated with age-related diseases among the elderly population are a socio-economic challenge. Aging is an irreversible and inevitable process that is a risk factor for pathological progression of diverse age-related diseases. Spermidine, a natural polyamine, plays a critical role in molecular and cellular interactions involved in various physiological and functional processes. Spermidine has been shown to modulate aging, suppress the occurrence and severity of age-related diseases, and prolong lifespan. However, the precise mechanisms through which spermidine exerts its anti-aging effects have not been established. In this review, we elucidate on the mechanisms and roles underlying the beneficial effects of spermidine in aging from a molecular and cellular perspective. Moreover, we provide new insights into the promising potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications of spermidine in aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Ni
- 1Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,2Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- 1Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,2Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Hadanny A, Forer R, Volodarsky D, Daniel-Kotovsky M, Catalogna M, Zemel Y, Bechor Y, Efrati S. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy induces transcriptome changes in elderly: a prospective trial. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:24511-24523. [PMID: 34818212 PMCID: PMC8660606 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Aging is characterized by the progressive loss of physiological capacity. Changes in gene expression can alter activity in defined age-related molecular pathways leading to cellular aging and increased aging disease susceptibility. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) affects gene expression in normal, non-pathological, aging adults. Methods: Thirty-five healthy independently living adults, aged 64 and older, were enrolled to receive 60 daily HBOT exposures. Whole blood samples were collected at baseline, at the 30th and 60th HBOT session, and 1–2 weeks following the last session. Differential gene expression analysis was performed. Results: Following 60 sessions of HBOT, 1342 genes and 570 genes were differently up- and downregulated (1912 total), respectively (p < 0.01 FDR), compared to baseline. Out of which, five genes were downregulated with a >1.5-fold change: ABCA13 (FC = −2.28), DNAJ6 (FC = −2.16), HBG2 (FC = −1.56), PDXDC1 (FC = −1.53), RANBP17 (FC = −1.75). Two weeks post-HBOT, ABCA13 expression was significantly downregulated with a >1.5fold change (FC = −1.54, p = 0.008). In conclusion, for the first time in humans, the study provides direct evidence of HBOT is associated with transcriptome changes in whole-blood samples. Our results demonstrate significant changes in gene expression of normal aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hadanny
- The Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf-Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Aviv Scientific LTD, Bnei-Brak, Israel
| | | | | | - Malka Daniel-Kotovsky
- The Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf-Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Merav Catalogna
- The Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf-Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Yonatan Zemel
- The Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf-Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Aviv Scientific LTD, Bnei-Brak, Israel
| | - Yair Bechor
- The Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf-Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Aviv Scientific LTD, Bnei-Brak, Israel
| | - Shai Efrati
- The Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf-Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Aviv Scientific LTD, Bnei-Brak, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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6
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Du S, Zheng H. Role of FoxO transcription factors in aging and age-related metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:188. [PMID: 34727995 PMCID: PMC8561869 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00700-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging happens to all of us as we live. Thanks to the improved living standard and discovery of life-saving medicines, our life expectancy has increased substantially across the world in the past century. However, the rise in lifespan leads to unprecedented increases in both the number and the percentage of individuals 65 years and older, accompanied by the increased incidences of age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease. FoxO transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved molecules that play critical roles in diverse biological processes, in particular aging and metabolism. Their dysfunction is often found in the pathogenesis of many age-related diseases. Here, we summarize the signaling pathways and cellular functions of FoxO proteins. We also review the complex role of FoxO in aging and age-related diseases, with focus on type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease and discuss the possibility of FoxO as a molecular link between aging and disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Du
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Bahrami A, Montecucco F, Carbone F, Sahebkar A. Effects of Curcumin on Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Evidence. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8972074. [PMID: 34692844 PMCID: PMC8528582 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8972074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive inability to maintain homeostasis, self-repair, renewal, performance, and fitness of different tissues throughout the lifespan. Senescence is occurring following enormous intracellular or extracellular stress stimuli. Cellular senescence serves as an antiproliferative process that causes permanent cell cycle arrest and restricts the lifespan. Senescent cells are characterized by terminal cell cycle arrest, enlarged lysosome, and DNA double-strand breaks as well as lipofuscin granularity, senescence-associated heterochromatin foci, and activation of DNA damage response. Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol, is a bioactive chemical constituent of the rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn (turmeric), which has been extensively used for the alleviation of various human disorders. In addition to its pleiotropic effects, curcumin has been suggested to have antiaging features. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic potential of curcumin in the prevention and delaying of the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Clinical Research Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Xu S, Pan Z, Huang L, Chen Y, Xie H, Wang F, Zhou T, Yu L, Kong J, Xu S, Pan F. Association of FOXO3a gene polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility in Eastern Chinese Han population. Gene 2021; 800:145832. [PMID: 34274476 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of FOXO3a polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) susceptibility in Eastern Chinese Han population. METHODS FOXO3a polymorphisms rs12206094, rs12212067, rs2253310, rs3800232, and rs4946933 were genotyped in 650 AS patients and 646 controls by the improved Multiple Ligase Detection Reaction. RESULTS The distribution of genotype in rs12212067 polymorphism was significantly different between AS patients and controls (P = 0.020), especially in male population (P = 0.009). There was significant difference of the genotype frequency distribution at rs3800232 between patients and controls in male population. The results of binary regression analysis showed that the rs12212067 GG genotype and rs3800232 TT genotype were obviously correlated with elevated AS risk, and the associations were still significant after being adjusted by age and gender (all P < 0.05). Interestingly, rs12212067 and rs3800232 genotypes were associated with disease activity of patients. Additionally, haplotype block rs12212067G- rs3800232T (OR = 1.403, 95%CI = 1.011-1.949) was further shown to confer promoting effect on developing AS. CONCLUSION Among Eastern Chinese Han population, FOXO3a polymorphism rs12212067 and rs3800232 may contribute to increased risk of developing AS, but well-designed multicenter studies are needed to further confirm these preliminary findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Zhipeng Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Li Huang
- Anhui Medical College, 387 Wuhu Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Huimin Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Feier Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lingxiang Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Jiangpiang Kong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Shengqian Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Yuan L, Wang L, Du X, Qin L, Yang M, Zhou K, Wu M, Yang Y, Zheng Z, Xiang Y, Qu X, Liu H, Qin X, Liu C. The DNA methylation of FOXO3 and TP53 as a blood biomarker of late-onset asthma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:467. [PMID: 33298101 PMCID: PMC7726856 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset asthma (LOA) is beginning to account for an increasing proportion of asthma patients, which is often underdiagnosed in the elderly. Studies on the possible relations between aging-related genes and LOA contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of LOA. Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3) and TP53 are two classic aging-related genes. DNA methylation varies greatly with age which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LOA. We supposed that the differentially methylated sites of FOXO3 and TP53 associated with clinical phenotypes of LOA may be useful biomarkers for the early screening of LOA. METHODS The mRNA expression and DNA methylation of FOXO3 and TP53 in peripheral blood of 43 LOA patients (15 mild LOA, 15 moderate LOA and 13 severe LOA) and 60 healthy controls (HCs) were determined. The association of methylated sites with age was assessed by Cox regression to control the potential confounders. Then, the correlation between differentially methylated sites (DMSs; p-value < 0.05) and clinical lung function in LOA patients was evaluated. Next, candidate DMSs combining with age were evaluated to predict LOA by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and principal components analysis (PCA). Finally, HDM-stressed asthma model was constructed, and DNA methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA) were used to determine the regulation of DNA methylation on the expression of FOXO3 and TP53. RESULTS Compared with HCs, the mRNA expression and DNA methylation of FOXO3 and TP53 vary significantly in LOA patients. Besides, 8 DMSs from LOA patients were identified. Two of the DMSs, chr6:108882977 (FOXO3) and chr17:7591672 (TP53), were associated with the severity of LOA. The combination of the two DMSs and age could predict LOA with high accuracy (AUC values = 0.924). In HDM-stressed asthma model, DNA demethylation increased the expression of FOXO3 and P53. CONCLUSIONS The mRNA expression of FOXO3 and TP53 varies significantly in peripheral blood of LOA patients, which may be due to the regulation of DNA methylation. FOXO3 and TP53 methylation is a suitable blood biomarker to predict LOA, which may be useful targets for the risk diagnosis and clinical management of LOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Basic and Clinical Research Laboratory of Major Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Leyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xizi Du
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Basic and Clinical Research Laboratory of Major Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Mengping Wu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Basic and Clinical Research Laboratory of Major Respiratory Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Research Center of China-Africa Infectious Diseases, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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10
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Chen Y, Geng A, Zhang W, Qian Z, Wan X, Jiang Y, Mao Z. Fight to the bitter end: DNA repair and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101154. [PMID: 32977059 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
DNA carries the genetic information that directs complex biological processes; thus, maintaining a stable genome is critical for individual growth and development and for human health. DNA repair is a fundamental and conserved mechanism responsible for mending damaged DNA and restoring genomic stability, while its deficiency is closely related to multiple human disorders. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the field of DNA repair and aging. Here, we will extensively discuss the relationship among DNA damage, DNA repair, aging and aging-associated diseases based on the latest research. In addition, the possible role of DNA repair in several potential rejuvenation strategies will be discussed. Finally, we will also review the emerging methods that may facilitate future research on DNA repair.
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11
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Tan Q, Jacobsen R, Nygaard M, Soerensen M, Mengel-From J, Christiansen L, Christensen K. Cohort Differences in the Associations of Selected Candidate Genes With Risk of All-Cause Mortality at Advanced Ages. Am J Epidemiol 2020; 189:708-716. [PMID: 31971580 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable efforts have been made to identify the genetic basis of human longevity, with only limited progress. One important drawback of current genetic studies is the limited knowledge of gene-environment interaction. Using 2 cohorts of long-lived individuals born in 1905 and 1915 in Denmark, we performed survival analysis to estimate risk of mortality for major candidate genes of aging and longevity and their cohort effects. Through statistical modeling that combines individual genetic and survival information with cohort-specific survival data, we estimated the relative risks of mortality from ages 95 to 103 years associated with genetic variants in apolipoprotein E (APOE), forkhead box class O3a, clusterin, and phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein. Our analysis estimated a decreased risk of carrying the APOE$\varepsilon $4 allele (change in risk = -0.403, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.831, 0.021; P = 0.040) in men of the later cohort, although the allele itself was harmful to survival across sexes (relative risk = 1.161, 95% CI: 1.027, 1.345; P = 0.026). We also estimated a cohort effect of increased risk for the minor allele of rs3851179 in phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein with borderline significance (change in risk = 0.165, 95% CI: -0.010, 0.331; P = 0.052) in women. Our estimated significant cohort effect on APOE$\varepsilon $4 is indicative of the interplay between the gene and the changing environment that modulates survival at extreme ages.
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12
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Sazzini M, Abondio P, Sarno S, Gnecchi-Ruscone GA, Ragno M, Giuliani C, De Fanti S, Ojeda-Granados C, Boattini A, Marquis J, Valsesia A, Carayol J, Raymond F, Pirazzini C, Marasco E, Ferrarini A, Xumerle L, Collino S, Mari D, Arosio B, Monti D, Passarino G, D'Aquila P, Pettener D, Luiselli D, Castellani G, Delledonne M, Descombes P, Franceschi C, Garagnani P. Genomic history of the Italian population recapitulates key evolutionary dynamics of both Continental and Southern Europeans. BMC Biol 2020; 18:51. [PMID: 32438927 PMCID: PMC7243322 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cline of human genetic diversity observable across Europe is recapitulated at a micro-geographic scale by variation within the Italian population. Besides resulting from extensive gene flow, this might be ascribable also to local adaptations to diverse ecological contexts evolved by people who anciently spread along the Italian Peninsula. Dissecting the evolutionary history of the ancestors of present-day Italians may thus improve the understanding of demographic and biological processes that contributed to shape the gene pool of European populations. However, previous SNP array-based studies failed to investigate the full spectrum of Italian variation, generally neglecting low-frequency genetic variants and examining a limited set of small effect size alleles, which may represent important determinants of population structure and complex adaptive traits. To overcome these issues, we analyzed 38 high-coverage whole-genome sequences representative of population clusters at the opposite ends of the cline of Italian variation, along with a large panel of modern and ancient Euro-Mediterranean genomes. RESULTS We provided evidence for the early divergence of Italian groups dating back to the Late Glacial and for Neolithic and distinct Bronze Age migrations having further differentiated their gene pools. We inferred adaptive evolution at insulin-related loci in people from Italian regions with a temperate climate, while possible adaptations to pathogens and ultraviolet radiation were observed in Mediterranean Italians. Some of these adaptive events may also have secondarily modulated population disease or longevity predisposition. CONCLUSIONS We disentangled the contribution of multiple migratory and adaptive events in shaping the heterogeneous Italian genomic background, which exemplify population dynamics and gene-environment interactions that played significant roles also in the formation of the Continental and Southern European genomic landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sazzini
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paolo Abondio
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Sarno
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Ragno
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara De Fanti
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Ojeda-Granados
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alessio Boattini
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Julien Marquis
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Current Address: Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Carayol
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Chiara Pirazzini
- IRCCS Bologna Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Marasco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Ferrarini
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Current Address: Menarini Silicon Biosystems SpA, Castel Maggiore, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Xumerle
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Mari
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Patrizia D'Aquila
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Davide Pettener
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology & Centre for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Gastone Castellani
- Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Delledonne
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Lobachevsky University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Kudryashova KS, Burka K, Kulaga AY, Vorobyeva NS, Kennedy BK. Aging Biomarkers: From Functional Tests to Multi‐Omics Approaches. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1900408. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201900408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ksenia Burka
- Centaura AG Bleicherweg 10 Zurich 8002 Switzerland
| | - Anton Y. Kulaga
- Centaura AG Bleicherweg 10 Zurich 8002 Switzerland
- Systems Biology of Aging GroupInstitute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy Splaiul Independentei 296 Bucharest 060031 Romania
| | | | - Brian K. Kennedy
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore 8 Medical Drive, MD7, 117596 Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS)Agency for Science and Technology (A*STAR)Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine 30 Medical Drive Singapore 117609 Singapore
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Blvd. Novato CA 94945‐1400 USA
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14
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Sándor S, Kubinyi E. Genetic Pathways of Aging and Their Relevance in the Dog as a Natural Model of Human Aging. Front Genet 2019; 10:948. [PMID: 31681409 PMCID: PMC6813227 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging research has experienced a burst of scientific efforts in the last decades as the growing ratio of elderly people has begun to pose an increased burden on the healthcare and pension systems of developed countries. Although many breakthroughs have been reported in understanding the cellular mechanisms of aging, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to senescence on higher biological levels are still barely understood. The dog, Canis familiaris, has already served as a valuable model of human physiology and disease. The possible role the dog could play in aging research is still an open question, although utilization of dogs may hold great promises as they naturally develop age-related cognitive decline, with behavioral and histological characteristics very similar to those of humans. In this regard, family dogs may possess unmatched potentials as models for investigations on the complex interactions between environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors that determine the course of aging. In this review, we summarize the known genetic pathways in aging and their relevance in dogs, putting emphasis on the yet barely described nature of certain aging pathways in canines. Reasons for highlighting the dog as a future aging and gerontology model are also discussed, ranging from its unique evolutionary path shared with humans, its social skills, and the fact that family dogs live together with their owners, and are being exposed to the same environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sára Sándor
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Zettergren A, Kern S, Rydén L, Östling S, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Falk H, Skoog I. Genetic Variation in FOXO3 is Associated with Self-Rated Health in a Population-Based Sample of Older Individuals. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1453-1458. [PMID: 29415201 PMCID: PMC6175024 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-rated health (SRH) strongly predicts mortality. Twin studies estimate that genetic factors account for a substantial part of the variability in SRH. Variations in the gene FOXO3 (forkhead box O3), and in genes located at the APOE (apoplipoprotein E) locus, are associated with longevity. This study explores the relationship between SRH and genetic variation related to longevity, in a population-based cohort of older individuals. SRH was assessed among 1,520 individuals aged 75–87, and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in APOE, TOMM40 (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog), and FOXO3 were genotyped. Two SNPs (rs10457180 and rs2802292) in FOXO3 were associated with SRH (OR = 2.18 [CI: 1.27–3.76], p = .005 and OR = 1.63 [CI: 1.11–2.40], p = .013), while no associations were found with SNPs in APOE and TOMM40. Several factors, such as depression, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes, were related to SRH, but the only factor that had any influence on the association with FOXO3 was CVD. Still, after including CVD as a covariate, the associations between FOXO3 SNPs and SRH remained significant. Our results suggest that FOXO3 is related to SRH in older individuals. This relationship seems to be influenced by CVD, but not by mental and cognitive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silke Kern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lina Rydén
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Svante Östling
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Hanna Falk
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap) at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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A Prospective Analysis of Genetic Variants Associated with Human Lifespan. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:2863-2878. [PMID: 31484785 PMCID: PMC6723124 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a massive investigation into the genetic basis of human lifespan. Beginning with a genome-wide association (GWA) study using a de-identified snapshot of the unique AncestryDNA database – more than 300,000 genotyped individuals linked to pedigrees of over 400,000,000 people – we mapped six genome-wide significant loci associated with parental lifespan. We compared these results to a GWA analysis of the traditional lifespan proxy trait, age, and found only one locus, APOE, to be associated with both age and lifespan. By combining the AncestryDNA results with those of an independent UK Biobank dataset, we conducted a meta-analysis of more than 650,000 individuals and identified fifteen parental lifespan-associated loci. Beyond just those significant loci, our genome-wide set of polymorphisms accounts for up to 8% of the variance in human lifespan; this value represents a large fraction of the heritability estimated from phenotypic correlations between relatives.
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17
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Grossi V, Forte G, Sanese P, Peserico A, Tezil T, Lepore Signorile M, Fasano C, Lovaglio R, Bagnulo R, Loconte DC, Susca FC, Resta N, Simone C. The longevity SNP rs2802292 uncovered: HSF1 activates stress-dependent expression of FOXO3 through an intronic enhancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:5587-5600. [PMID: 29733381 PMCID: PMC6009585 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The HSF and FOXO families of transcription factors play evolutionarily conserved roles in stress resistance and lifespan. In humans, the rs2802292 G-allele at FOXO3 locus has been associated with longevity in all human populations tested; moreover, its copy number correlated with reduced frequency of age-related diseases in centenarians. At the molecular level, the intronic rs2802292 G-allele correlated with increased expression of FOXO3, suggesting that FOXO3 intron 2 may represent a regulatory region. Here we show that the 90-bp sequence around the intronic single nucleotide polymorphism rs2802292 has enhancer functions, and that the rs2802292 G-allele creates a novel HSE binding site for HSF1, which induces FOXO3 expression in response to diverse stress stimuli. At the molecular level, HSF1 mediates the occurrence of a promoter–enhancer interaction at FOXO3 locus involving the 5′UTR and the rs2802292 region. These data were confirmed in various cellular models including human HAP1 isogenic cell lines (G/T). Our functional studies highlighted the importance of the HSF1-FOXO3-SOD2/CAT/GADD45A cascade in cellular stress response and survival by promoting ROS detoxification, redox balance and DNA repair. Our findings suggest the existence of an HSF1-FOXO3 axis in human cells that could be involved in stress response pathways functionally regulating lifespan and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Giovanna Forte
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte (Ba) 70013, Italy
| | - Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Alessia Peserico
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Tugsan Tezil
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Martina Lepore Signorile
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Candida Fasano
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte (Ba) 70013, Italy
| | - Rosaura Lovaglio
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Rosanna Bagnulo
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Daria C Loconte
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Francesco C Susca
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70124, Italy.,Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology, IRCCS 'S. de Bellis', Castellana Grotte (Ba) 70013, Italy
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18
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Taormina G, Ferrante F, Vieni S, Grassi N, Russo A, Mirisola MG. Longevity: Lesson from Model Organisms. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070518. [PMID: 31324014 PMCID: PMC6678192 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on longevity and healthy aging promises to increase our lifespan and decrease the burden of degenerative diseases with important social and economic effects. Many aging theories have been proposed, and important aging pathways have been discovered. Model organisms have had a crucial role in this process because of their short lifespan, cheap maintenance, and manipulation possibilities. Yeasts, worms, fruit flies, or mammalian models such as mice, monkeys, and recently, dogs, have helped shed light on aging processes. Genes and molecular mechanisms that were found to be critical in simple eukaryotic cells and species have been confirmed in humans mainly by the functional analysis of mammalian orthologues. Here, we review conserved aging mechanisms discovered in different model systems that are implicated in human longevity as well and that could be the target of anti-aging interventions in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Taormina
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Ferrante
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Vieni
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nello Grassi
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario G Mirisola
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90100 Palermo, Italy.
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19
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Morris BJ, Willcox BJ, Donlon TA. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of human aging and longevity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1718-1744. [PMID: 31109447 PMCID: PMC7295568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we summarize the latest data on genetic and epigenetic contributions to human aging and longevity. Whereas environmental and lifestyle factors are important at younger ages, the contribution of genetics appears more important in reaching extreme old age. Genome-wide studies have implicated ~57 gene loci in lifespan. Epigenomic changes during aging profoundly affect cellular function and stress resistance. Dysregulation of transcriptional and chromatin networks is likely a crucial component of aging. Large-scale bioinformatic analyses have revealed involvement of numerous interaction networks. As the young well-differentiated cell replicates into eventual senescence there is drift in the highly regulated chromatin marks towards an entropic middle-ground between repressed and active, such that genes that were previously inactive "leak". There is a breakdown in chromatin connectivity such that topologically associated domains and their insulators weaken, and well-defined blocks of constitutive heterochromatin give way to generalized, senescence-associated heterochromatin, foci. Together, these phenomena contribute to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Morris
- Basic & Clinical Genomics Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kuakini Medical Center Campus, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Honolulu Heart Program (HHP)/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96817, United States; Departments of Cell & Molecular Biology and Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States.
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20
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Sanese P, Forte G, Disciglio V, Grossi V, Simone C. FOXO3 on the Road to Longevity: Lessons From SNPs and Chromatin Hubs. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:737-745. [PMID: 31303978 PMCID: PMC6606898 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Health span is driven by a precise interplay between genes and the environment. Cell response to environmental cues is mediated by signaling cascades and genetic variants that affect gene expression by regulating chromatin plasticity. Indeed, they can promote the interaction of promoters with regulatory elements by forming active chromatin hubs. FOXO3 encodes a transcription factor with a strong impact on aging and age-related phenotypes, as it regulates stress response, therefore affecting lifespan. A significant association has been shown between human longevity and several FOXO3 variants located in intron 2. This haplotype block forms a putative aging chromatin hub in which FOXO3 has a central role, as it modulates the physical connection and activity of neighboring genes involved in age-related processes. Here we describe the role of FOXO3 and its single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in healthy aging, with a focus on the enhancer region encompassing the SNP rs2802292, which upregulates FOXO3 expression and can promote the activity of the aging hub in response to different stress stimuli. FOXO3 protective effect on lifespan may be due to the accessibility of this region to transcription factors promoting its expression. This could in part explain the differences in FOXO3 association with longevity between genders, as its activity in females may be modulated by estrogens through estrogen receptor response elements located in the rs2802292-encompassing region. Altogether, the molecular mechanisms described here may help establish whether the rs2802292 SNP can be taken advantage of in predictive medicine and define the potential of targeting FOXO3 for age-related diseases.
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Key Words
- 3C, Chromosome conformation capture
- 5′UTR, Five prime untranslated region
- ACH, Active chromatin hub
- Aging
- Chromatin hub
- ER, Estrogen receptor
- ERE, Estrogen-responsive element
- FHRE, Forkhead response element
- FOXO3
- FOXO3, Forkhead box 3
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GWAS, Genome-wide association study
- HPS, Hamartomatous polyposis syndrome
- HSE, Heat shock element
- HSF1, Heat shock factor 1
- IGF-1, Insulin growth factor-1
- LD, Linkage disequilibrium
- Longevity
- PHTS, PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
- PJS, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SNP
- SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism
- SNV, Single nucleotide variant
- SOD2, Superoxide dismutase 2
- TAD, Topologically associated domain
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Forte
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Vittoria Disciglio
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.,Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology 'S. de Bellis' Research Hospital, Via Turi, 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte (BA), Italy
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21
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Koganebuchi K, Kimura R. Biomedical and genetic characteristics of the Ryukyuans: demographic history, diseases and physical and physiological traits. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:354-366. [PMID: 31116031 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1582699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Context: The Ryukyu Islands stretch across a southwestern area of the Japanese Archipelago. Because of their unique geographical and historical backgrounds, Ryukyuans have their own genetic and phenotypic characteristics, which have been disclosed in previous anthropological and biomedical studies. Objective: The history, peopling and biomedical and genetic characteristics of Ryukyuans are reviewed and future research directions are discussed. Conclusion: Morphological and genetic studies have suggested the complex demographic history of Ryukyuans and their relationships with other Asian populations. Knowledge of population formation processes is important to understand the distribution of pathogens. In viral infectious diseases, some strains that may be associated with disease symptoms are specific to Ryukyuans. Dramatic changes in diet have played an important role among Ryukyuans in terms of increases in lifestyle-related diseases and mortality risks. To achieve a better understanding of pathogenic disease factors, further integration of findings regarding the genetic and biomedical characteristics of the Ryukyuans is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kae Koganebuchi
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
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22
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Mao YQ, Liu JF, Han B, Wang LS. Longevity-Associated Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms are Associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Elderly Women. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2966-2975. [PMID: 31009445 PMCID: PMC6489531 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Material/Methods A total of 843 elderly residents from east China were enrolled in this study, which included 426 patients with type 2 diabetes and 417 controls. Four SNPs were analyzed by qPCR. Genotype frequencies of the 4 SNPs in FOXO3 of the patients and controls were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The association between each SNP and clinical indicators was analyzed by linear regression analysis. Results None of the 4 FOXO3 variants, rs13217795, rs2764264, rs2802292, and rs13220810, were associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes compared to controls. However, rs13217795, rs2764264, and rs2802292 were associated with lower blood glucose levels. Notably, further subgroup analysis indicated that the longevity-associated alleles of FOXO3 SNP (rs13217795, rs2764264, and rs2802292) were associated with lower blood glucose levels in women (TC versus TT, −0.724 mmol/L, P=0.005; CC versus TT, −1.093 mmol/L, P=0.03; TC versus TT, −0.801 mmol/L, P=0.002; CC versus TT, −1.212 mmol/L, P=0.001; TG versus TT, −0.754 mmol/L, P=0.004; and GG versus TT, −1.150 mmol/L, P=0.001) but not in men. Conclusions The results indicated that longevity-associated FOXO3 variants were correlated with lower blood glucose levels in elderly women with type 2 diabetes in east China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Mao
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan Univesity, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Jin-Feng Liu
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan Univesity, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan Univesity, Shanghai, China (mainland)
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan Univesity, Shanghai, China (mainland)
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23
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Feng S, Jiang ZJ, Yu D, Li J, Liu G, Sun JJ. FOXO3a expression and its diagnostic value in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:5422-5429. [PMID: 31949625 PMCID: PMC6963042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
FOXO3a (FKHRL1) is an important regulator of cell apoptosis, proliferation, metabolic state and longevity. FOXO3a expression can be measured and has been regarded as a tumor suppressor factor in many cancers. However, the expression and role of FOXO3a in PDAC have not been defined. We evaluated the expression of FOXO3a in PDAC and the relationship of its expression with clinicopathological features and patient outcomes. We found that compared with normal tissues, the expression of FOXO3a was significantly higher in tumor tissues (P<0.001). FOXO3a expression correlates significantly with tumor differentiation and with the primary location of the tumor (P<0.001 and P=0.005, respectively). In a univariate analysis, we found that FOXO3a expression has a strong relationship with survival (P=0.013). In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that a low expression of FOXO3a in tumor tissues has a significantly shorter OS compared with patients with high expression of FOXO3a (P=0.013). In conclusion, the expression of FOXO3a is significantly higher in PDAC compared with normal pancreatic tissues and has a low expression or negative staining in poorly differentiated PDAC, which seems to indicate that FOXO3a expression in tumor tissues may be related to the pathological progression stage and may be used as a diagnostic indicator with early tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Feng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Jia Jiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
| | - Jin-Jin Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Tianjin, China
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24
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Sun Z, da Fontoura CSG, Moreno M, Holton NE, Sweat M, Sweat Y, Lee MK, Arbon J, Bidlack FB, Thedens DR, Nopoulos P, Cao H, Eliason S, Weinberg SM, Martin JF, Moreno-Uribe L, Amendt BA. FoxO6 regulates Hippo signaling and growth of the craniofacial complex. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007675. [PMID: 30286078 PMCID: PMC6197693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate post-natal growth of the craniofacial complex and that ultimately determine the size and shape of our faces are not well understood. Hippo signaling is a general mechanism to control tissue growth and organ size, and although it is known that Hippo signaling functions in neural crest specification and patterning during embryogenesis and before birth, its specific role in postnatal craniofacial growth remains elusive. We have identified the transcription factor FoxO6 as an activator of Hippo signaling regulating neonatal growth of the face. During late stages of mouse development, FoxO6 is expressed specifically in craniofacial tissues and FoxO6-/- mice undergo expansion of the face, frontal cortex, olfactory component and skull. Enlargement of the mandible and maxilla and lengthening of the incisors in FoxO6-/- mice are associated with increases in cell proliferation. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that FoxO6 activates Lats1 expression, thereby increasing Yap phosphorylation and activation of Hippo signaling. FoxO6-/- mice have significantly reduced Hippo Signaling caused by a decrease in Lats1 expression and decreases in Shh and Runx2 expression, suggesting that Shh and Runx2 are also linked to Hippo signaling. In vitro, FoxO6 activates Hippo reporter constructs and regulates cell proliferation. Furthermore PITX2, a regulator of Hippo signaling is associated with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome causing a flattened midface and we show that PITX2 activates FoxO6 expression. Craniofacial specific expression of FoxO6 postnatally regulates Hippo signaling and cell proliferation. Together, these results identify a FoxO6-Hippo regulatory pathway that controls skull growth, odontogenesis and face morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Clarissa S. G. da Fontoura
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Myriam Moreno
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Nathan E. Holton
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Mason Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Yan Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Myoung Keun Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America
| | - Jed Arbon
- Private practice, Cary, North Carolina United States of America
| | | | - Daniel R. Thedens
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Peggy Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Steven Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA, United States of America
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Lina Moreno-Uribe
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Brad A. Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
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25
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Bae H, Gurinovich A, Malovini A, Atzmon G, Andersen SL, Villa F, Barzilai N, Puca A, Perls TT, Sebastiani P. Effects of FOXO3 Polymorphisms on Survival to Extreme Longevity in Four Centenarian Studies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:1439-1447. [PMID: 28977569 PMCID: PMC6175020 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies note specific FOXO3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with human longevity. However, it is not clear if these SNPs influence mortality risk beyond the oldest 1 percentile of survival. Using data from four longevity studies (total n = 8,266, age range 96-119 years for cases), we tested gene-wide association between 107 SNPs and survival to at least the oldest 1 percentile of survival for the 1900 birth cohort (≥96, white males; ≥100 white females). This analysis replicated 17 previously published variants, several of which are significant expression quantitative trait loci of FOXO3; rs6911407 and rs2253310 have the most significant effect on FOXO3 expressions in brain tissue. We then performed a survival analysis to determine if any of these 107 SNPs impact upon mortality risk beyond the oldest 1 percentile. While none of the 17 published variants was significantly associated with mortality risk beyond this extreme age, an uncommon homozygote genotype of rs9384680 exhibited the strongest association with mortality risk (p = 2.68E-04) in only 11 females, a heretofore unreported association. These analyses replicate the previous association of common variants of FOXO3 with older age but these common variants do not modify risk for mortality at ages beyond the oldest 1 percentile age of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Bae
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis,Address correspondence to: Harold Bae, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 151 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331. E-mail:
| | | | - Alberto Malovini
- Laboratory of Informatics and Systems Engineering for Clinical Research, IRCCS Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Pavia Pavia, Italy
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York,Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Stacy L Andersen
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Francesco Villa
- IRCCS Multimedica, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Annibale Puca
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Massachusetts
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26
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Antioxidant peptides derived from the hydrolyzate of purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus) gonad alleviate oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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27
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Abstract
The forkhead box O3 (FOXO3, or FKHRL1) protein is a member of the FOXO subclass of transcription factors. FOXO proteins were originally identified as regulators of insulin-related genes; however, they are now established regulators of genes involved in vital biological processes, including substrate metabolism, protein turnover, cell survival, and cell death.
FOXO3 is one of the rare genes that have been consistently linked to longevity in
in vivo models. This review provides an update of the most recent research pertaining to the role of FOXO3 in (i) the regulation of protein turnover in skeletal muscle, the largest protein pool of the body, and (ii) the genetic basis of longevity. Finally, it examines (iii) the role of microRNAs in the regulation of FOXO3 and its impact on the regulation of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renae J Stefanetti
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Australia
| | - Aaron Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Séverine Lamon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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28
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Gurkar AU, Robinson AR, Cui Y, Li X, Allani SK, Webster A, Muravia M, Fallahi M, Weissbach H, Robbins PD, Wang Y, Kelley EE, Croix CMS, Niedernhofer LJ, Gill MS. Dysregulation of DAF-16/FOXO3A-mediated stress responses accelerates oxidative DNA damage induced aging. Redox Biol 2018; 18:191-199. [PMID: 30031267 PMCID: PMC6076207 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage is presumed to be one type of stochastic macromolecular damage that contributes to aging, yet little is known about the precise mechanism by which DNA damage drives aging. Here, we attempt to address this gap in knowledge using DNA repair-deficient C. elegans and mice. ERCC1-XPF is a nuclear endonuclease required for genomic stability and loss of ERCC1 in humans and mice accelerates the incidence of age-related pathologies. Like mice, ercc-1 worms are UV sensitive, shorter lived, display premature functional decline and they accumulate spontaneous oxidative DNA lesions (cyclopurines) more rapidly than wild-type worms. We found that ercc-1 worms displayed early activation of DAF-16 relative to wild-type worms, which conferred resistance to multiple stressors and was important for maximal longevity of the mutant worms. However, DAF-16 activity was not maintained over the lifespan of ercc-1 animals and this decline in DAF-16 activation corresponded with a loss of stress resistance, a rise in oxidant levels and increased morbidity, all of which were cep-1/ p53 dependent. A similar early activation of FOXO3A (the mammalian homolog of DAF-16), with increased resistance to oxidative stress, followed by a decline in FOXO3A activity and an increase in oxidant abundance was observed in Ercc1-/- primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Likewise, in vivo, ERCC1-deficient mice had transient activation of FOXO3A in early adulthood as did middle-aged wild-type mice, followed by a late life decline. The healthspan and mean lifespan of ERCC1 deficient mice was rescued by inactivation of p53. These data indicate that activation of DAF-16/FOXO3A is a highly conserved response to genotoxic stress that is important for suppressing consequent oxidative stress. Correspondingly, dysregulation of DAF-16/FOXO3A appears to underpin shortened healthspan and lifespan, rather than the increased DNA damage burden itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi U Gurkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Andria R Robinson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yuxiang Cui
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Xuesen Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Shailaja K Allani
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Amanda Webster
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Mariya Muravia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Mohammad Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Herbert Weissbach
- Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States.
| | - Matthew S Gill
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States.
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29
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Revelas M, Thalamuthu A, Oldmeadow C, Evans TJ, Armstrong NJ, Kwok JB, Brodaty H, Schofield PR, Scott RJ, Sachdev PS, Attia JR, Mather KA. Review and meta-analysis of genetic polymorphisms associated with exceptional human longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 175:24-34. [PMID: 29890178 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many factors contribute to exceptional longevity, with genetics playing a significant role. However, to date, genetic studies examining exceptional longevity have been inconclusive. This comprehensive review seeks to determine the genetic variants associated with exceptional longevity by undertaking meta-analyses. METHODS Meta-analyses of genetic polymorphisms previously associated with exceptional longevity (85+) were undertaken. For each variant, meta-analyses were performed if there were data from at least three independent studies available, including two unpublished additional cohorts. RESULTS Five polymorphisms, ACE rs4340, APOE ε2/3/4, FOXO3A rs2802292, KLOTHO KL-VS and IL6 rs1800795 were significantly associated with exceptional longevity, with the pooled effect sizes (odds ratios) ranging from 0.42 (APOE ε4) to 1.45 (FOXO3A males). CONCLUSION In general, the observed modest effect sizes of the significant variants suggest many genes of small influence play a role in exceptional longevity, which is consistent with results for other polygenic traits. Our results also suggest that genes related to cardiovascular health may be implicated in exceptional longevity. Future studies should examine the roles of gender and ethnicity and carefully consider study design, including the selection of appropriate controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Revelas
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NSW, Australia; Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia; Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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30
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Dato S, Soerensen M, De Rango F, Rose G, Christensen K, Christiansen L, Passarino G. The genetic component of human longevity: New insights from the analysis of pathway-based SNP-SNP interactions. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12755. [PMID: 29577582 PMCID: PMC5946073 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In human longevity studies, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis identified a large number of genetic variants with small effects, yet not easily replicable in different populations. New insights may come from the combined analysis of different SNPs, especially when grouped by metabolic pathway. We applied this approach to study the joint effect on longevity of SNPs belonging to three candidate pathways, the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signalling (IIS), DNA repair and pro/antioxidant. We analysed data from 1,058 tagging SNPs in 140 genes, collected in 1825 subjects (1,089 unrelated nonagenarians from the Danish 1905 Birth Cohort Study and 736 Danish controls aged 46–55 years) for evaluating synergic interactions by SNPsyn. Synergies were further tested by the multidimensional reduction (MDR) approach, both intra‐ and interpathways. The best combinations (FDR<0.0001) resulted those encompassing IGF1R‐rs12437963 and PTPN1‐rs6067484, TP53‐rs2078486 and ERCC2‐rs50871, TXNRD1‐rs17202060 and TP53‐rs2078486, the latter two supporting a central role of TP53 in mediating the concerted activation of the DNA repair and pro‐antioxidant pathways in human longevity. Results were consistently replicated with both approaches, as well as a significant effect on longevity was found for the GHSR gene, which also interacts with partners belonging to both IIS and DNA repair pathways (PAPPA,PTPN1,PARK7, MRE11A). The combination GHSR‐MREA11, positively associated with longevity by MDR, was further found influencing longitudinal survival in nonagenarian females (p = .026). Results here presented highlight the validity of SNP‐SNP interactions analyses for investigating the genetics of human longevity, confirming previously identified markers but also pointing to novel genes as central nodes of additional networks involved in human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Dato
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende Italy
| | - Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; Odense C Denmark
| | - Francesco De Rango
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende Italy
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; Odense C Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences; University of Calabria; Rende Italy
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31
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Rea IM, Gibson DS, McGilligan V, McNerlan SE, Alexander HD, Ross OA. Age and Age-Related Diseases: Role of Inflammation Triggers and Cytokines. Front Immunol 2018; 9:586. [PMID: 29686666 PMCID: PMC5900450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 707] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine dysregulation is believed to play a key role in the remodeling of the immune system at older age, with evidence pointing to an inability to fine-control systemic inflammation, which seems to be a marker of unsuccessful aging. This reshaping of cytokine expression pattern, with a progressive tendency toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype has been called "inflamm-aging." Despite research there is no clear understanding about the causes of "inflamm-aging" that underpin most major age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and aging itself. While inflammation is part of the normal repair response for healing, and essential in keeping us safe from bacterial and viral infections and noxious environmental agents, not all inflammation is good. When inflammation becomes prolonged and persists, it can become damaging and destructive. Several common molecular pathways have been identified that are associated with both aging and low-grade inflammation. The age-related change in redox balance, the increase in age-related senescent cells, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and the decline in effective autophagy that can trigger the inflammasome, suggest that it may be possible to delay age-related diseases and aging itself by suppressing pro-inflammatory molecular mechanisms or improving the timely resolution of inflammation. Conversely there may be learning from molecular or genetic pathways from long-lived cohorts who exemplify good quality aging. Here, we will discuss some of the current ideas and highlight molecular pathways that appear to contribute to the immune imbalance and the cytokine dysregulation, which is associated with "inflammageing" or parainflammation. Evidence of these findings will be drawn from research in cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurological inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maeve Rea
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
- Care of Elderly Medicine, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Gibson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria McGilligan
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E. McNerlan
- Regional Genetics Service, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - H. Denis Alexander
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, C-TRIC Building, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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32
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[Genetic factors associated with human extremely longevity; Focusing on centenarian study]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2018; 55:554-561. [PMID: 30542020 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.55.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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33
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Davy PMC, Allsopp RC, Donlon TA, Morris BJ, Willcox DC, Willcox BJ. FOXO3 and Exceptional Longevity: Insights From Hydra to Humans. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 127:193-212. [PMID: 29433738 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex, multifactorial process with significant plasticity. While several biological pathways appear to influence aging, few genes have been identified that are both evolutionarily conserved and have a strong impact on aging and age-related phenotypes. The FoxO3 gene (FOXO3), and its homologs in model organisms, appears especially important, forming a key gene in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-signaling pathway, and influencing life span across diverse species. We highlight some of the key findings that are associated with FoxO3 protein, its gene and homologs in relation to lifespan in different species, and the insights these findings might provide about the molecular, cellular, and physiological processes that modulate aging and longevity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M C Davy
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Richard C Allsopp
- Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Timothy A Donlon
- Honolulu Heart Program/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States; Ohana Genetics, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Brian J Morris
- Honolulu Heart Program/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States; John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States; School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Donald Craig Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States; John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States; Okinawa International University, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Honolulu Heart Program/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States; John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States.
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Abstract
Numerous approaches have been taken in the hunt for human disease genes. The identification of such genes not only provides a great deal of information about the mechanism of disease development, but also provides potential avenues for better diagnosis and treatment. In this chapter, we review the use of the nonmammalian model organism C. elegans for the identification of human disease genes. Studies utilizing this relatively simple organism offer a good balance between the ability to recapitulate many aspects of human disease, while still offering an abundance of powerful cell biological, genetic, and genomic tools for disease gene discovery. C. elegans and other nonmammalian models have produced, and will continue to produce, key insights into human disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Apfeld
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Scott Alper
- Department of Biomedical Research, Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Flachsbart F, Dose J, Gentschew L, Geismann C, Caliebe A, Knecht C, Nygaard M, Badarinarayan N, ElSharawy A, May S, Luzius A, Torres GG, Jentzsch M, Forster M, Häsler R, Pallauf K, Lieb W, Derbois C, Galan P, Drichel D, Arlt A, Till A, Krause-Kyora B, Rimbach G, Blanché H, Deleuze JF, Christiansen L, Christensen K, Nothnagel M, Rosenstiel P, Schreiber S, Franke A, Sebens S, Nebel A. Identification and characterization of two functional variants in the human longevity gene FOXO3. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2063. [PMID: 29234056 PMCID: PMC5727304 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXO3 is consistently annotated as a human longevity gene. However, functional variants and underlying mechanisms for the association remain unknown. Here, we perform resequencing of the FOXO3 locus and single-nucleotide variant (SNV) genotyping in three European populations. We find two FOXO3 SNVs, rs12206094 and rs4946935, to be most significantly associated with longevity and further characterize them functionally. We experimentally validate the in silico predicted allele-dependent binding of transcription factors (CTCF, SRF) to the SNVs. Specifically, in luciferase reporter assays, the longevity alleles of both variants show considerable enhancer activities that are reversed by IGF-1 treatment. An eQTL database search reveals that the alleles are also associated with higher FOXO3 mRNA expression in various human tissues, which is in line with observations in long-lived model organisms. In summary, we present experimental evidence for a functional link between common intronic variants in FOXO3 and human longevity. FOXO3 is one of the few established longevity genes. Here, the authors fine-map the FOXO3-longevity association to two intronic SNPs and, using luciferase assays and EMSAs, show that these SNPs affect binding of transcription factors CTCF and SRF and associate with FOXO3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Flachsbart
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Janina Dose
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liljana Gentschew
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Geismann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Amke Caliebe
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carolin Knecht
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center, and the Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Nandini Badarinarayan
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Abdou ElSharawy
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Faculty of Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Damietta University, 34511, New Damietta City, Egypt
| | - Sandra May
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Luzius
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Guillermo G Torres
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marlene Jentzsch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Häsler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Pallauf
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Céline Derbois
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine CNRGH-CEA, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité-UREN, Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, U557 Inserm, U1125 Inra, Cnam, Université Paris 13, CRNH IdF, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Dmitriy Drichel
- Department of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Till
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology and Life & Brain GmbH, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ben Krause-Kyora
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hélène Blanché
- Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), 27 Rue Juliette Dodu, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine CNRGH-CEA, 91000, Evry, France.,Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), 27 Rue Juliette Dodu, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, and the Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, and the Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Michael Nothnagel
- Department of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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Fuku N, Díaz-Peña R, Arai Y, Abe Y, Zempo H, Naito H, Murakami H, Miyachi M, Spuch C, Serra-Rexach JA, Emanuele E, Hirose N, Lucia A. Epistasis, physical capacity-related genes and exceptional longevity: FNDC5 gene interactions with candidate genes FOXOA3 and APOE. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:803. [PMID: 29143599 PMCID: PMC5688477 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Forkhead box O3A (FOXOA3) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) are arguably the strongest gene candidates to influence human exceptional longevity (EL, i.e., being a centenarian), but inconsistency exists among cohorts. Epistasis, defined as the effect of one locus being dependent on the presence of 'modifier genes', may contribute to explain the missing heritability of complex phenotypes such as EL. We assessed the potential association of epistasis among candidate polymorphisms related to physical capacity, as well as antioxidant defense and cardiometabolic traits, and EL in the Japanese population. A total of 1565 individuals were studied, subdivided into 822 middle-aged controls and 743 centenarians. RESULTS We found a FOXOA3 rs2802292 T-allele-dependent association of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FDNC5) rs16835198 with EL: the frequency of carriers of the FOXOA3 rs2802292 T-allele among individuals with the rs16835198 GG genotype was significantly higher in cases than in controls (P < 0.05). On the other hand, among non-carriers of the APOE 'risk' ε4-allele, the frequency of the FDNC5 rs16835198 G-allele was higher in cases than in controls (48.4% vs. 43.6%, P < 0.05). Among carriers of the 'non-risk' APOE ε2-allele, the frequency of the rs16835198 G-allele was higher in cases than in controls (49% vs. 37.3%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The association of FDNC5 rs16835198 with EL seems to depend on the presence of the FOXOA3 rs2802292 T-allele and we report a novel association between FNDC5 rs16835198 stratified by the presence of the APOE ε2/ε4-allele and EL. More research on 'gene*gene' and 'gene*environment' effects is needed in the field of EL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Roberto Díaz-Peña
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, IISPV, URV. CIBERSAM, Reus, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Abe
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Zempo
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research; National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Carlos Spuch
- Neurology Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Centro de investigación biomédica en red del área de salud mental (CIBERSAM), Vigo, Spain
| | - José A Serra-Rexach
- Centro de investigación biomédica en Envejecimiento y Fragilidad (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nobuyoshi Hirose
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- European University and Research Institute i+12, Madrid, Spain
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Shadyab AH, Kooperberg C, Reiner AP, Jain S, Manson JE, Hohensee C, Macera CA, Shaffer RA, Gallo LC, LaCroix AZ. Replication of Genome-Wide Association Study Findings of Longevity in White, African American, and Hispanic Women: The Women's Health Initiative. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1401-1406. [PMID: 27707806 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No study has evaluated whether genetic factors are associated with longevity in African Americans or Hispanics, and it is unclear whether genetic factors are associated with healthy aging. Methods In this prospective study, we determined whether 14 genetic variants previously associated with longevity in genome-wide association studies were associated with survival to ages 85 and 90 in 11,053 postmenopausal white, African American, and Hispanic women from the Women's Health Initiative. The associations of these variants with healthy aging, defined as survival to age 85 without chronic diseases or disability, were also determined. Results Among white women, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2075650 [TOMM40], rs4420638 [APOC1], and rs429358 [APOE]) were significantly associated with survival to 90 years after correction for multiple testing (p < .001); rs4420638 and rs429358 were also significantly associated with healthy aging (p = .02). In African American women, no SNP was associated with longevity. In Hispanic women, 7 SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with a novel SNP, rs2149954, recently identified as being associated with increased longevity in a European population, were significantly associated with decreased survival to age 85 for carriers of the T versus C allele (p = .04). The association with decreased longevity was explained by higher risk of coronary heart disease in carriers of the T allele. There were no associations between FOXO3A SNPs and longevity in the analyses. In a meta-analysis, rs2075650 and rs429358 were significantly associated with longevity. Conclusions Future studies are needed to identify novel loci associated with longevity in African American and Hispanic women to determine biologic pathways regulating life span in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aladdin H Shadyab
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Sonia Jain
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chancellor Hohensee
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Caroline A Macera
- Division of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, California
| | - Richard A Shaffer
- Division of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, California
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, California
| | - Andrea Z LaCroix
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine
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Fan J, Yang X, Li J, Shu Z, Dai J, Liu X, Li B, Jia S, Kou X, Yang Y, Chen N. Spermidine coupled with exercise rescues skeletal muscle atrophy from D-gal-induced aging rats through enhanced autophagy and reduced apoptosis via AMPK-FOXO3a signal pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17475-17490. [PMID: 28407698 PMCID: PMC5392263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality control of skeletal muscle is a continuous requirement throughout the lifetime, although its functions and quality present as a declining trend during aging process. Dysfunctional or deficient autophagy and excessive apoptosis may contribute to the atrophy of senescent skeletal muscle. Spermidine, as a natural polyamine, can be involved in important cellular functions for lifespan extension and stress resistance in several model organisms through activating autophagy. Similarly, cellular autophagic responses to exercise have also been extensively investigated. In the present study, in order to confirm the mitigation or amelioration of skeletal muscle atrophy in aging rats through spermidine coupled with exercise intervention and explore corresponding mechanisms, the rat model with aging-related atrophy of skeletal muscle was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose (D-gal) (200 mg/kgd), and model rats were subjected to the intervention with spermidine (5 mg/kgd) or swimming (60 min/d, 5 d/wk) or combination for 42 days. Spermidine coupled with exercise could attenuate D-gal-induced aging-related atrophy of skeletal muscle through induced autophagy and reduced apoptosis with characteristics of more autophagosomes, activated mitophagy, enhanced mitochondrial quality, alleviated cell shrinkage, and less swollen mitochondria under transmission scanning microscopic observation. Meanwhile, spermidine coupled with exercise could induce autophagy through activating AMPK-FOXO3a signal pathway with characterization of increased Beclin1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, up-regulated anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, down-regulated pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3, as well as activated AMPK and FOXO3a. Therefore, spermidine combined with exercise can execute the prevention or treatment of D-gal-induced aging-related skeletal muscle atrophy through enhanced autophagy and reduced apoptosis mediated by AMPK-FOXO3a signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Fan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyang Shu
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingran Liu
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Biao Li
- Graduate School, Jilin Sport University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaohui Jia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianjuan Kou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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Gao AW, Uit de Bos J, Sterken MG, Kammenga JE, Smith RL, Houtkooper RH. Forward and reverse genetics approaches to uncover metabolic aging pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:2697-2706. [PMID: 28919364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The biological mechanisms of aging have been studied in depth and prominent findings in this field promote the development of new therapies for age-associated disorders. Various model organisms are used for research on aging; among these, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been widely used and has provided valuable knowledge in determining the regulatory mechanisms driving the aging process. Many genes involved in lifespan regulation are associated with metabolic pathways and are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In line with this, C. elegans provides a promising platform to study such gene by environment interactions, in either a reverse or forward genetics approach. In this review, we discuss longevity mechanisms related to metabolic networks that have been discovered in C. elegans. We also highlight the use of wild populations to study the complex genetic basis of natural variation for quantitative traits that mediate longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwen W Gao
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelmi Uit de Bos
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark G Sterken
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan E Kammenga
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reuben L Smith
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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FOXO Transcriptional Factors and Long-Term Living. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3494289. [PMID: 28894507 PMCID: PMC5574317 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3494289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several pathologies such as neurodegeneration and cancer are associated with aging, which is affected by many genetic and environmental factors. Healthy aging conceives human longevity, possibly due to carrying the defensive genes. For instance, FOXO (forkhead box O) genes determine human longevity. FOXO transcription factors are involved in the regulation of longevity phenomenon via insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling. Only one FOXO gene (FOXO DAF-16) exists in invertebrates, while four FOXO genes, that is, FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6 are found in mammals. These four transcription factors are involved in the multiple cellular pathways, which regulate growth, stress resistance, metabolism, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis in mammals. However, the accurate mode of longevity by FOXO factors is unclear until now. This article describes briefly the existing knowledge that is related to the role of FOXO factors in human longevity.
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Häsler R, Venkatesh G, Tan Q, Flachsbart F, Sinha A, Rosenstiel P, Lieb W, Schreiber S, Christensen K, Christiansen L, Nebel A. Genetic interplay between human longevity and metabolic pathways - a large-scale eQTL study. Aging Cell 2017; 16:716-725. [PMID: 28421666 PMCID: PMC5506416 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human longevity is a complex phenotype influenced by genetic and environmental components. Unraveling the contribution of genetic vs. nongenetic factors to longevity is a challenging task. Here, we conducted a large‐scale RNA‐sequencing‐based expression quantitative trait loci study (eQTL) with subsequent heritability analysis. The investigation was performed on blood samples from 244 individuals from Germany and Denmark, representing various age groups including long‐lived subjects up to the age of 104 years. Our eQTL‐based approach revealed for the first time that human longevity is associated with a depletion of metabolic pathways in a genotype‐dependent and independent manner. Further analyses indicated that 20% of the differentially expressed genes are influenced by genetic variants in cis. The subsequent study of twins showed that the transcriptional activity of a third of the differentially regulated genes is heritable. These findings suggest that longevity‐associated biological processes such as altered metabolism are, to a certain extent, also the driving force of longevity rather than just a consequence of old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Häsler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Geetha Venkatesh
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Qihua Tan
- The Danish Twin Registry; Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; University of Southern Denmark; 5000 Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; 5000 Odense Denmark
| | | | - Anupam Sinha
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry; Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; University of Southern Denmark; 5000 Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Odense University Hospital; 5000 Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Odense University Hospital; 5000 Odense Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Twin Registry; Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography; University of Southern Denmark; 5000 Odense Denmark
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology; Kiel University; 24105 Kiel Germany
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Kolovou V, Bilianou H, Giannakopoulou V, Kalogeropoulos P, Mihas C, Kouris M, Cokkinos DV, Boutsikou M, Hoursalas I, Mavrogeni S, Katsiki N, Kolovou G. Five gene variants in nonagenarians, centenarians and average individuals. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1130-1141. [PMID: 28883855 PMCID: PMC5575223 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.68942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic factors contribute to the variation of human life span which is believed to be more profound after 85 years of age. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of 5 gene polymorphisms between nonagenarians, centenarians and average individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT; rs2736098), insulin-like growth factor-1 binding protein-3 (IGFBP3; A-202C, rs2857744), fork-head box O3A (FOXO3A; rs13217795 and rs2764264) factor and adiponectin (ADIPOQ; rs2241766) were evaluated in 405 individuals: n = 256 nonagenarians and centenarians (study group) and n = 149 average lifespan individuals (control group aged 18 - < 80 years). RESULTS The frequency of women was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (64.5 vs. 49.7%, p = 0.004). Genotypic and allele frequencies did not differ between groups according to gender. However, in men, the frequency of TT genotype of FOXO3A; rs2764264 was higher in the study group than the control group (45.6 vs. 28.0%, p = 0.05). Overall, the frequency of the C allele of FOXO3A; rs2764264 was significantly lower in the study group than the control group (3.9 vs. 9.5%, respectively, p = 0.023). Furthermore, in the study group, the T allele was significantly more frequent in the nonagenarians (n = 239) than the centenarians (n = 17) in both FOXO3A; rs13217795 and rs2764264 (64.4 vs. 44.1%, p = 0.018 and 69.7 vs. 50.0%, p = 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS According to survival status, there is differentiation in the prevalence of both studied FOXO3A gene polymorphisms. The study group had half of the C alleles compared with the control group and centenarians less frequently had the T allele of both FOXO3A gene polymorphisms compared with nonagenarians. No difference was found between groups according to TERT, IGFBP3 and ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms. It seems that some polymorphisms may be significant in prolonging our lifespan. Nevertheless, confirmation in additional study populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vana Kolovou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Petros Kalogeropoulos
- Department of Cardiology, Kostantopoulio Geniko Nosokomio Neas Ionias, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Markos Kouris
- Cardiology Department, Tzanio Hospital, Pireus, Greece
| | - Dennis V Cokkinos
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Boutsikou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Hoursalas
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Genovefa Kolovou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
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Stegeman R, Weake VM. Transcriptional Signatures of Aging. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2427-2437. [PMID: 28684248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide studies of aging have identified subsets of genes that show age-related changes in expression. Although the types of genes that are age regulated vary among different tissues and organisms, some patterns emerge from these large data sets. First, aging is associated with a broad induction of stress response pathways, although the specific genes and pathways involved differ depending on cell type and species. In contrast, a wide variety of functional classes of genes are downregulated with age, often including tissue-specific genes. Although the upregulation of age-regulated genes is likely to be governed by stress-responsive transcription factors, questions remain as to why particular genes are susceptible to age-related transcriptional decline. Here, we discuss recent findings showing that splicing is misregulated with age. While defects in splicing could lead to changes in protein isoform levels, they could also impact gene expression through nonsense-mediated decay of intron-retained transcripts. The discovery that splicing is misregulated with age suggests that other aspects of gene expression, such as transcription elongation, termination, and polyadenylation, must also be considered as potential mechanisms for age-related changes in transcript levels. Moreover, the considerable variation between genome-wide aging expression studies indicates that there is a critical need to analyze the transcriptional signatures of aging in single-cell types rather than whole tissues. Since age-associated decreases in gene expression could contribute to a progressive decline in cellular function, understanding the mechanisms that determine the aging transcriptome provides a potential target to extend healthy cellular lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stegeman
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - V M Weake
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Sebastiani P, Bae H, Gurinovich A, Soerensen M, Puca A, Perls TT. Limitations and risks of meta-analyses of longevity studies. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:139-146. [PMID: 28143747 PMCID: PMC5533653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Searching for genetic determinants of human longevity has been challenged by the rarity of data sets with large numbers of individuals who have reached extreme old age, inconsistent definitions of the phenotype, and the difficulty of defining appropriate controls. Meta-analysis - a statistical method to summarize results from different studies - has become a common tool in genetic epidemiology to accrue large sample sizes for powerful genetic association studies. In conducting a meta-analysis of studies of human longevity however, particular attention must be made to the definition of cases and controls (including their health status) and on the effect of possible confounders such as sex and ethnicity upon the genetic effect to be estimated. We will show examples of how a meta-analysis can inflate the false negative rates of genetic association studies or it can bias estimates of the association between a genetic variant and extreme longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - Harold Bae
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 151 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, United States.
| | - Anastasia Gurinovich
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Mette Soerensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9 B, St., 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Annibale Puca
- IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan (Mi), Italy; University of Salerno, Department of Medicine and Surgery, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
| | - Thomas T Perls
- Geriatrics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine & Boston Medical Center, 88 E Newton St., Boston, MA 02118, United States.
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Dato S, Rose G, Crocco P, Monti D, Garagnani P, Franceschi C, Passarino G. The genetics of human longevity: an intricacy of genes, environment, culture and microbiome. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:147-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Lee S, Dong HH. FoxO integration of insulin signaling with glucose and lipid metabolism. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R67-R79. [PMID: 28213398 PMCID: PMC5480241 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The forkhead box O family consists of FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4 and FoxO6 proteins in mammals. Expressed ubiquitously in the body, the four FoxO isoforms share in common the amino DNA-binding domain, known as 'forkhead box' domain. They mediate the inhibitory action of insulin or insulin-like growth factor on key functions involved in cell metabolism, growth, differentiation, oxidative stress, senescence, autophagy and aging. Genetic mutations in FoxO genes or abnormal expression of FoxO proteins are associated with metabolic disease, cancer or altered lifespan in humans and animals. Of the FoxO family, FoxO6 is the least characterized member and is shown to play pivotal roles in the liver, skeletal muscle and brain. Altered FoxO6 expression is associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, dietary obesity and type 2 diabetes and risk of neurodegeneration disease. FoxO6 is evolutionally divergent from other FoxO isoforms. FoxO6 mediates insulin action on target genes in a mechanism that is fundamentally different from other FoxO members. Here, we focus our review on the role of FoxO6, in contrast with other FoxO isoforms, in health and disease. We review the distinctive mechanism by which FoxO6 integrates insulin signaling to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. We highlight the importance of FoxO6 dysregulation in the dual pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes. We review the role of FoxO6 in memory consolidation and its contribution to neurodegeneration disease and aging. We discuss the potential therapeutic option of pharmacological FoxO6 inhibition for improving glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H Henry Dong
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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47
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Severe hearing loss and outer hair cell death in homozygous Foxo3 knockout mice after moderate noise exposure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1054. [PMID: 28432353 PMCID: PMC5430619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a disease that affects millions of Americans. Identifying genetic pathways that influence recovery from noise exposure is an important step forward in understanding NIHL. The transcription factor Foxo3 integrates the cellular response to oxidative stress and plays a role in extending lifespan in many organisms, including humans. Here we show that Foxo3 is required for auditory function after noise exposure in a mouse model system, measured by ABR. Absent Foxo3, outer hair cells are lost throughout the middle and higher frequencies. SEM reveals persistent damage to some surviving outer hair cell stereocilia. However, DPOAE analysis reveals that some function is preserved in low frequency outer hair cells, despite concomitant profound hearing loss. Inner hair cells, auditory synapses and spiral ganglion neurons are all present after noise exposure in the Foxo3KO/KO fourteen days post noise (DPN). We also report anti-Foxo3 immunofluorescence in adult human outer hair cells. Taken together, these data implicate Foxo3 and its transcriptional targets in outer hair cell survival after noise damage. An additional role for Foxo3 in preserving hearing is likely, as low frequency auditory function is absent in noise exposed Foxo3KO/KOs even though all cells and structures are present.
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48
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Wu M, Kang X, Wang Q, Zhou C, Mohan C, Peng A. Regulator of G protein signaling-1 modulates paraquat-induced oxidative stress and longevity via the insulin like signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Lett 2017; 273:97-105. [PMID: 28366735 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin or insulin like signaling (IIS) pathway is a crucial pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans associated with mediating longevity, and stress resistance. Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) also modulate stress resistance and longevity in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. However, the mechanism underlying RGS mediating stress resistance and longevity remains largely unclear. Here we report that rgs-1, an important member of rgs family, is a novel modulator of IIS pathway in C. elegans. We found that the loss of rgs-1 dramatically promoted paraquat resistance in C. elegans. Further genetic analyses demonstrated that rgs-1 acted downstream of daf-2 and upstream of age-1, pdk-1, daf-16. Instead of affecting those IIS-associated genes in transcriptional process, loss of rgs-1 promoted DAF-16's nucleus translocation and subset genes' expression in paraquat-induced oxidative status. By this way, rgs-1 mutant worms exhibited lower ROS damage and longer survival time than wild type worms when both exposed to paraquat. Other than paraquat exposure, rgs-1 mutant also promoted lifespan and cadmium resistance relying on daf-16. As rgs is evolutionarily conserved, our findings open a new insight into rgs family and its role in paraquat-induced oxidative stress and longevity in C. elegans or even mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Wu
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chunyu Zhou
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Ai Peng
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Pinkas A, Aschner M. AGEs/RAGE-Related Neurodegeneration: daf-16 as a Mediator, Insulin as an Ameliorant, and C. elegans as an Expedient Research Model. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:38-42. [PMID: 27704837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are nonenzymatically glycated proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These compounds both originate exogenously and are formed endogenously, and they are associated, along with one of their receptors (RAGE), with a variety of pathologies and neurodegeneration. Some of their deleterious effects include affecting insulin signaling and FOXO-related pathways in both receptor-dependent and -independent manners. A potential ameliorating agent for these effects is insulin, which is being studied in several in vivo and in vitro models; one of these models is C. elegans, whose maintenance, genetic malleability, and well-described longevity-related pathways make it an optimal complementary model for assessing these objectives. In the realm of neuroscience, this model is currently being used only for general assessment of neurodegeneration and shortened lifespan. We suggest that characterization of (a) the effects of AGEs/RAGE on specific neurotransmitter systems, (b) the role of the daf-2/daf-16 pathway in these neurodegenerative processes, and
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Pinkas
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 209, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 209, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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50
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Lin R, Zhang Y, Yan D, Liao X, Wang X, Fu Y, Cai W. Genetic Association Analysis of Common Variants in FOXO3 Related to Longevity in a Chinese Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167918. [PMID: 27936216 PMCID: PMC5148017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that forkhead box class O3 (FOXO3) functions as a key regulator for the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1signaling pathway that influence aging and longevity. This study aimed to comprehensively elucidate the association of common genetic variants in FOXO3 with human longevity in a Chinese population. Eighteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FOXO3 were successfully genotyped in 616 unrelated long-lived individuals and 846 younger controls. No nominally significant effects were found. However, when stratifying by gender, four SNPs (rs10499051, rs7762395, rs4946933 and rs3800230) previously reported to be associated with longevity and one novel SNP (rs4945815) showed significant association with male longevity (P-values: 0.007–0.032), but all SNPs were not associated with female longevity. Correspondingly, males carrying the G-G-T-G haplotype of rs10499051, rs7762395, rs4945815 and rs3800230 tended to have longer lifespan than those carrying the most common haplotype A-G-C-T (odds ratio = 2.36, 95% confidence interval = 1.20–4.63, P = 0.013). However, none of the associated SNPs and haplotype remained significant after Bonferroni correction. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the FOXO3 variants we tested in our population of Chinese men and women were associated with longevity in men only. None of these associations passed Bonferroni correction. Bonferroni correction is very stringent for association studies. We therefore believe the effects of these nominally significant variants on human longevity will be confirmed by future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lin
- Department of Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (WC)
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dongjing Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaoping Liao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xianshou Wang
- Specialized Biotechnologies Lab, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yunxin Fu
- Division of Biostatistics and Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wangwei Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
- * E-mail: (RL); (WC)
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