1
|
Rudolph V, Leven AS, Eisenburger R, Schadendorf D, Wiegand S. Interdisciplinary management of skin cancer. Laryngorhinootologie 2024; 103:S100-S124. [PMID: 38697144 DOI: 10.1055/a-2171-4570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The interdisciplinary treatment of skin cancer in the head and neck area requires close collaboration between different specialist disciplines. The most common non-melanoma skin cancer tumor entities are cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma as well as their precursor lesions. One of the less common tumors is Merkel cell carcinoma, which also occurs primarily in light-exposed areas and, in contrast to squamous and basal cell carcinoma, is more likely to metastasize. Due to the low tendency of basal cell carcinoma as well as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to metastasize, a cure can often be achieved by surgery. If the tumor growth exceeds certain levels it may require collaboration between dermatology and otorhinolaryngology. The primary goal of this interdisciplinary collaboration is to achieve a functional, cosmetically and aesthetically acceptable result in addition to adequate tumor treatment. Depending on the stage of the tumor and the clinical course, a case may be discussed in an interdisciplinary tumor board in order to determine a personalised, appropriate and adequate treatment concept for each patient, including prevention, therapy and follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rudolph
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsmedizin Essen & Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Essen & Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partnerstandort Essen/Düsseldorf & Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT)-West, Campus Essen, & Research Alliance Ruhr, Research Center One Health, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna-Sophia Leven
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsmedizin Essen & Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Essen & Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partnerstandort Essen/Düsseldorf & Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT)-West, Campus Essen, & Research Alliance Ruhr, Research Center One Health, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robin Eisenburger
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsmedizin Essen & Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Essen & Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partnerstandort Essen/Düsseldorf & Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT)-West, Campus Essen, & Research Alliance Ruhr, Research Center One Health, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsmedizin Essen & Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Essen & Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partnerstandort Essen/Düsseldorf & Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT)-West, Campus Essen, & Research Alliance Ruhr, Research Center One Health, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Wiegand
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common nonmelanoma skin cancer with an increasing incidence rate. Patients presenting with high-risk lesions associated with locally advanced or metastatic CSCC face high rates of recurrence and mortality. METHODS Selective literature review based on PubMed and consideration of current guidelines "Aktinische Keratosen und Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut" and "Prävention von Hautkrebs". FINDINGS Complete surgical excision with histopathological control of excision margins is the gold standard in the treatment of primary CSCC. Radiotherapy can be used as an alternative treatment of inoperable CSCCs. In 2019, the PD1-antibody cemiplimab, has been approved for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic CSCC by the European Medicines Agency. After 3 years of follow up, Cemiplimab shows overall response rates of 46 %, the median overall survival and median response rate had not been reached yet. Additional immunotherapeutics, combinations with other agents and oncolytic viruses are all potentially worth study to try, so clinical trial data will be forthcoming over the next few years to guide optimal use of these agents. CONCLUSION Multidisciplinary board decisions are mandatory for all patients with advanced disease who require more than surgery. Further development of existing therapeutic concepts, identification of new combination therapies and the development of new immunotherapeutics will be the key challenge over the next few years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Burda
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Klinikum Nürnberg Nord, Nürnberg, Deutschland
| | - Erwin S Schultz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Klinikum Nürnberg Nord, Nürnberg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burda B, Schultz ES. Das kutane Plattenepithelkarzinom – ein Update. AKTUELLE DERMATOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1666-3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das kutane Plattenepithelkarzinom (PEK) ist nach dem Basalzellkarzinom der zweithäufigste bösartige Hauttumor. In Deutschland wurden 2014 über 50.000 PEK-Neuerkrankungen dokumentiert. Mit Zunahme der durchschnittlichen Lebenserwartung und Komorbiditäten treten mittlerweile auch gehäuft lokal fortgeschrittene Tumore mit Metastasierung auf.
Methode Selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed und unter Berücksichtigung der deutschen S3-Leitlinien „Aktinische Keratosen und Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut“ und „Prävention von Hautkrebs“.
Ergebnisse Beim PEK ist der Goldstandard die vollständige Exzision des Primärtumors mittels histopathologischer Kontrolle der Schnittränder. Eine Radiotherapie kann eingesetzt werden, wenn eine vollständige Exzision nicht erreicht werden kann bzw. Inoperabilität besteht. Im Falle eines metastasierten (mPEK) oder lokal fortgeschrittenen (laPEK) PEK, welches nicht kurativ operiert oder bestrahlt werden kann, werden systemische medikamentöse Therapien eingesetzt. Mit der Zulassung des PD1-Antikörpers Cemiplimab steht seit 2019 in der EU eine neue systemische Therapie zur Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen PEK zur Verfügung. Nach bis zu 3 Jahren Follow-up sprechen noch 46% der Patienten mit mPEK und laPEK auf Cemiplimab an, der Medianwert für das Gesamtüberleben und die Ansprechdauer ist in beiden Gruppe noch nicht erreicht. Weitere Antikörper gegen PD1 oder PDL1, Kombinationstherapien sowie die Immuntherapie mit onkolytischen Viren ermöglichen zahlreiche Therapieoptionen und sind aktuell Gegenstand der Forschung.
Schlussfolgerung Mit der Zunahme von fortgeschrittenen Stadien des PEK nimmt die Wichtigkeit des interdisziplinären Tumorboards für den Therapieentscheid immer mehr zu. Die Weiterentwicklung bestehender therapeutischer Konzepte, die Identifikation von gut wirksamen Kombinationstherapien sowie die Entwicklung weiterer verträglicher zielgerichteter Systemtherapien ist eine entscheidende dermatoonkologische Herausforderung der nächsten Jahre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Burda
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Klinikum Nürnberg Nord, Nürnberg, Deutschland
| | - Erwin S. Schultz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Klinikum Nürnberg Nord, Nürnberg, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu L, Liu J, Zhang TD, Zheng XF, Luo DL, Zhu WL, Qiu XW, Guo LL. Decreased TMEM40 expression is associated with malignant behavior of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and inhibits tumor progression. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:606. [PMID: 34188708 PMCID: PMC8227547 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer in humans worldwide. The identification and characterization of cancer-associated transmembrane proteins are important for understanding the molecular biology of CSCC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression pattern of transmembrane protein 40 (TMEM40) in CSCC and its clinical significance. The underlying mechanisms were also examined. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were used to determine the relative expression of TMEM40 in CSCC cell lines and clinical tissue samples. The effect of TMEM40 gene silencing on cell proliferation was also evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. Wound healing assays, flow cytometry and Transwell assays were used to explore the migration, cell cycle distribution/apoptosis and invasion of CSCC cells following TMEM40 silencing, respectively. In the present study, increased TMEM40 expression was observed in CSCC tissue samples, compared with normal skin, and TMEM40 expression was associated with large tumor size in patients with CSCC. In vitro functional assays indicated that TMEM40 was involved in the regulation of A431 and SCL1 cell growth through its effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis. Silencing TMEM40 in A431 and SCL1 cells resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and promoted apoptosis. In addition, migration and invasion were significantly inhibited following silencing of TMEM40 expression in CSCC cells. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that reduced TMEM40 expression could inhibit CSCC development and that TMEM40 may represent a therapeutic target in CSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Tang-De Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Fen Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shunde, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Lan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Liang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Wen Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Lang Guo
- Department of Pathology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dür C, Salmina C, Borner U, Giger R, Nisa L. Relevance of Intraparotid Metastases in Head and Neck Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:788-793. [PMID: 32918494 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parotid lymph node metastases are common in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCCHN). Here we evaluate the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of intraglandular lymph node (IGLN) metastases in cSCCHN. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study in a tertiary referral university cancer institute. METHODS We included patients with cSCCHN who underwent parotidectomy and neck dissection (ND), with or without synchronous resection of the skin primary, between January 1999 and January 2018. The characteristics of cSCCHN with or without IGLN involvement were compared. RESULTS Altogether, 68 patients were included. Of the 29 (42.6%) patients classified as cN0, eight were upstaged pN+ and had concomitant IGLN involvement. Of 21 patients with pN0 disease, IGLN metastases were absent in only three cases, resulting in a specificity and sensitivity of parotid metastases to diagnose occult nodal neck metastases of 14.29% and 100%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 14.29% and 100%, respectively. Univariate analyses only displayed a significantly higher rate of moderately and poorly differentiated primaries in patients with IGLN metastases (P = .015). Only advanced T-stages were significantly associated with neck recurrences. CONCLUSION IGLN status in advanced cSCCHN is potentially predictive for occul nodal neck metastases. Our results suggest that ND in patients with histopathologically negative IGLNs and clinically negative neck lymph nodes may not be necessary given the high negative predictive value of IGLN status in this group of patients. Therefore, accurate diagnostic evaluation of IGLN involvement is mandatory. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:788-793, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cilgia Dür
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Salmina
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery; Hospitals FMI AG, Unterseen, Switzerland
| | - Urs Borner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Giger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lluís Nisa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Toppi J, Tham YS, Webb A, Henderson MA, Rischin D, Magarey MJR. Surgical management of recurrent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck after definitive surgery and radiotherapy. ANZ J Surg 2020; 90:1391-1395. [PMID: 32627359 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is the primary treatment for patients with recurrent head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) who have previously been treated by definitive surgery and radiotherapy. There are limited published data to direct management and the role of immunotherapy is currently under evaluation. METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients with at least stage III recurrent head and neck cSCC previously managed by definitive surgery and radiotherapy. RESULTS A total of 30 patients met the inclusion criteria. Eighty-seven percent were male and the median age at the time of surgery was 79 years. After salvage surgery, 7% developed local recurrence and 43% regional or distant failure. The 2-year overall survival and disease-free survival were 45% (95% confidence interval 24-64) and 11% (95% confidence interval 1-34), respectively. Advanced age was associated with a higher risk of overall mortality (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with recurrent head and neck cSCC in the setting of previous radiotherapy have high recurrence rates with poor survival justifying consideration for treatment with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Toppi
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yik Seng Tham
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Webb
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael A Henderson
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danny Rischin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J R Magarey
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Education, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leiter U, Heppt MV, Steeb T, Amaral T, Bauer A, Becker JC, Breitbart E, Breuninger H, Diepgen T, Dirschka T, Eigentler T, Flaig M, Follmann M, Fritz K, Greinert R, Gutzmer R, Hillen U, Ihrler S, John SM, Kölbl O, Kraywinkel K, Löser C, Nashan D, Noor S, Nothacker M, Pfannenberg C, Salavastru C, Schmitz L, Stockfleth E, Szeimies R, Ulrich C, Welzel J, Wermker K, Garbe C, Berking C. S3 guideline for actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) – short version, part 2: epidemiology, surgical and systemic treatment of cSCC, follow‐up, prevention and occupational disease. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 18:400-413. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Leiter
- Department of DermatologyEberhard Karls University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Markus V. Heppt
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Department of DermatologyFriedrich Alexander University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Theresa Steeb
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Department of DermatologyFriedrich Alexander University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Department of DermatologyEberhard Karls University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of DermatologyCarl Gustav Carus University Medical Center Dresden Germany
| | - Jürgen C. Becker
- Department of DermatologyEssen University Medical Center Essen Germany
| | | | - Helmut Breuninger
- Department of DermatologyEberhard Karls University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Thomas Diepgen
- Institute for Clinical Social MedicineHeidelberg University Medical Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas Dirschka
- CentroDerm Clinic and Medical Faculty of Witten Herdecke University Wuppertal Germany
| | - Thomas Eigentler
- Department of DermatologyEberhard Karls University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Michael Flaig
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Dermatology and AllergyHanover Medical School Hanover Germany
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyVivantes Medical Center Berlin‐Neukölln Germany
| | | | - Swen Malte John
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Oliver Kölbl
- Department of Radiation OncologyRegensburg University Medical Center Regensburg Germany
| | | | - Christoph Löser
- Department of DermatologyLudwigshafen Medical Center Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Dorothee Nashan
- Department of DermatologyDortmund Medical Center Dortmund Germany
| | - Seema Noor
- Department of DermatologyEberhard Karls University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Monika Nothacker
- Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) Berlin Germany
| | - Christina Pfannenberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Medical Center Tübingen Germany
| | | | - Lutz Schmitz
- Department of DermatologyRuhr University of Bochum Bochum Germany
| | | | - Rolf‐Markus Szeimies
- Department of DermatologyKnappschaftskrankenhaus Recklinghausen Recklinghausen Germany
| | - Claas Ulrich
- Department of DermatologyCharité University Medical Center Berlin Germany
| | - Julia Welzel
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyUniversity of Augsburg Augsburg Germany
| | - Kai Wermker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryOsnabrück Medical Center Osnabrück Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of DermatologyEberhard Karls University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center LMU Munich Munich Germany
- Department of DermatologyFriedrich Alexander University of Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leiter U, Heppt MV, Steeb T, Amaral T, Bauer A, Becker JC, Breitbart E, Breuninger H, Diepgen T, Dirschka T, Eigentler T, Flaig M, Follmann M, Fritz K, Greinert R, Gutzmer R, Hillen U, Ihrler S, John SM, Kölbl O, Kraywinkel K, Löser C, Nashan D, Noor S, Nothacker M, Pfannenberg C, Salavastru C, Schmitz L, Stockfleth E, Szeimies RM, Ulrich C, Welzel J, Wermker K, Garbe C, Berking C. S3‐Leitlinie „Aktinische Keratose und Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut“ – Kurzfassung, Teil 2: Epidemiologie, chirurgische und systemische Therapie des Plattenepithelkarzinoms, Nachsorge, Prävention und Berufskrankheit. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 18:400-413. [PMID: 32291932 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14072_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Leiter
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - Markus V Heppt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians--Universität München, München.,Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
| | - Theresa Steeb
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians--Universität München, München
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden
| | | | | | - Helmut Breuninger
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - Thomas Diepgen
- Institut für klinische Sozialmedizin, Universität Heidelberg
| | | | - Thomas Eigentler
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - Michael Flaig
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians--Universität München, München
| | | | | | | | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - Uwe Hillen
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin
| | | | - Swen Malte John
- Institut für interdisziplinäre Dermatologische Prävention und Rehabilitation (iDerm), Universität Osnabrück
| | - Oliver Kölbl
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg
| | | | | | | | - Seema Noor
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - Monika Nothacker
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF), Berlin
| | - Christina Pfannenberg
- Klinik für Diagnostische unter Interventionelle Radiologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
| | | | - Lutz Schmitz
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | | | | | - Claas Ulrich
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | | | - Kai Wermker
- Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie, Klinikum Osnabrück
| | - Claus Garbe
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - Carola Berking
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians--Universität München, München.,Klinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Detection of Occult Metastases in Patients with T1 and T2 Stage Lower Lip Squamous Cell Carcinomas after Positive Lymphoscintigraphy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10020097. [PMID: 32053939 PMCID: PMC7168259 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10020097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect lower lip squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) that had metastasized to the lymph nodes and to evaluate if neck dissection was necessary for patients with T1 or T2-stage lip cancer after a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The study was conducted as a prospective clinical study to detect occult neck metastases in patients with T1 or T2 stage SCC of the lower lip. Thirty-one patients were eligible and underwent echo-ultrasound, computer tomography, magnetic resonance and lymphoscintigraphy (LSG) as diagnostic procedures. LSG was performed on the same day as the surgical procedure, after intradermal injection of 37 Mbq Tc99m-Sn-colloid/mL at four peritumoral sites. In patients with positive LSG results, the sentinel lymph nodes were extracted surgically. The risk factors for cancer development were sun exposure and smoking. The highest accuracy for detecting lymph node enlargements was achieved with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 80.7%). LSG showed excellent sensitivity (100%) and negative predictive value (NPV; 100%). Overall, occult metastases were diagnosed with an SLNB in eight (25.8%) patients. According to the results, with great caution, we suggest that an SLNB is reasonable to initiate only for patients with positive sentinel nodes by positive LSG, to be used as a lower morbidity approach for selected patients with T1 and T2 stage cancers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Liu M, Chen S, Wu Q. Avicularin inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1065-1071. [PMID: 32010270 PMCID: PMC6966122 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Avicularin (AL), quercetin-3-α-L-arabinofuranoside, has various pharmacological properties such as anticancer and anti-infective effects. However, the potential molecular mechanism via which AL exerts its anticancer activity is not fully understood. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, where metastasis has resulted in in effective clinical treatments. The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate the anticancer effects and underlying mechanism of AL on human CSCC. The present results suggested that AL dose-dependently inhibited SCC13 cell viability and induced apoptosis. In addition, the present results suggested that AL induced apoptosis via repression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/NF-κB signal pathway, thereby affecting the expression of apoptosis-related genes. Bax expression level was increased, while Bcl-2 expression level was decreased in SCC13 cells following AL treatment. In addition, the MEK/NF-κB signaling pathway-related genes p-MEK and phosphorylated-p65 were also decreased. The present results suggested that AL treatment increased the expression level of E-cadherin, but decreased the expression levels of N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vimentin in SCC13 cells. Collectively, the present results suggested that AL may have an anti-CSCC effect by inhibiting cell viability, inducing apoptosis and inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CSCC cells. The mechanism of these anti-CSCC effects was suggested to be via the regulation of apoptosis-related genes and EMT-related genes, and the inhibition of the MEK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, P.R. China
| | - Shenglan Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wu
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
DeCesaris C, Amin NP, Hundal J, Vujaskovic Z, Agarwal M. Hyperthermia and Hyper-fractionated Radiation for a Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progressing on Standard Therapy: A Case Report. Adv Radiat Oncol 2019; 4:4-9. [PMID: 30706002 PMCID: PMC6349596 DOI: 10.1016/j.adro.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina DeCesaris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Neha P Amin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Zeljko Vujaskovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Manuj Agarwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Szewczyk M, Pazdrowski J, Golusiński P, Dańczak-Pazdrowska A, Pawlaczyk M, Sygut J, Marszałek A, Golusiński W. Outdoor work as a risk factor for high-grade cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2018; 35:408-412. [PMID: 30206456 PMCID: PMC6130134 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2018.75841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While it is clear that individuals with outdoor occupations are at a significantly greater risk of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), no previous studies have investigated the potential association between the tumour grade and occupation in this patient population. AIM To assess occupation as a risk factor for the development of high-grade cSCC. Secondarily, to determine the association between the tumour grade and other clinical characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of 256 patients treated for head and neck cSCC at our institution in 2007-2016. The following patient characteristics and variables were assessed: age; sex; tumour location and grade; profession; and education level. A univariate analysis was performed to assess the association between each study variable and grade 3 tumour differentiation. RESULTS The following variables were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with grade 3 (G3) cSCC tumours: outdoor work vs. indoor work; primary school vs. high school education; and age. Additionally, patients with low-grade (G1) tumours were significantly younger (mean age: 72) than patients with high-grade (G3) tumours (mean age: 79) (p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the variables associated with the tumour grade among outdoor workers. These findings suggest that outdoor workers who develop cSCC are at a greater risk of developing more aggressive cancers. These findings provide additional support for classifying cSCC as an occupational disease. Early education about the dangers of sun exposure during the first years of school is essential to minimize the risks of developing high-grade skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Szewczyk
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Pazdrowski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Golusiński
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Mariola Pawlaczyk
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Sygut
- Department of Cancer Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Cancer Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Golusiński
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, The Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xia Y, Chang X, Lian S, Zhu W. WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 depletion evokes antitumor effect in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:2898-2912. [PMID: 29888632 PMCID: PMC6124284 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518778905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) has been implicated in tumor progression. We aimed to investigate the role of WWP1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Methods WWP1 gene and protein levels were detected using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The effects of WWP1 on cell cycle, apoptosis, cell migration and invasion were examined by flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The antitumor efficacy of WWP1 small interfering RNA was determined in CSCC tumor xenografts in mice. Results WWP1 expression was significantly higher in CSCC tissues and cells than in normal skin and cells, respectively. WWP1 expression was significantly associated with histological grade, invasion depth and lymph node metastasis in patients with CSCC. High expression predicted metastatic potential and an unfavorable prognosis. WWP1 downregulation suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, reduced cell migration and invasion, arrested the cell cycle in G0/G1 and induced apoptosis in A431 cells. WWP1 depletion also decreased phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), matrix metalloproteinase-2, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2, but did not affect total STAT3. Conclusions WWP1 is a potential target for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of patients with CSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Xia
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shi Lian
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fahradyan A, Howell AC, Wolfswinkel EM, Tsuha M, Sheth P, Wong AK. Updates on the Management of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC). Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:healthcare5040082. [PMID: 29104226 PMCID: PMC5746716 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common malignancy worldwide, of which 99% are basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of skin. NMSCs are generally considered a curable diseases, yet they currently pose an increasing global healthcare problem due to rising incidence. This has led to a shift in emphasis on prevention of NMSCs with development of various skin cancer prevention programs worldwide. This article aims to summarize the most recent changes and advances made in NMSC management with a focus on prevention, screening, diagnosis, and staging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Fahradyan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Anna C Howell
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Erik M Wolfswinkel
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Michaela Tsuha
- Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Parthiv Sheth
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 91001, USA.
| | - Alex K Wong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Skulsky SL, O'Sullivan B, McArdle O, Leader M, Roche M, Conlon PJ, O'Neill JP. Review of high‐risk features of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and discrepancies between the American Joint Committee on Cancer and NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology. Head Neck 2016; 39:578-594. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry O'Sullivan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryBeaumont HospitalDublin Ireland
| | - Orla McArdle
- St. Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, Beaumont HospitalDublin Ireland
| | - Mary Leader
- Department of PathologyRoyal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin Ireland
| | - Muireann Roche
- Department of DermatologyBeaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin Ireland
| | - Peter J. Conlon
- Department of Nephrology and Renal TransplantationBeaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin Ireland
| | - James Paul O'Neill
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology and Cochlear ImplantRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont HospitalDublin Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Invasion through Ear Cartilage. Case Rep Dermatol Med 2016; 2016:9067428. [PMID: 27293916 PMCID: PMC4884829 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9067428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the ear represents a high-risk tumor location with an increased risk of metastasis and local tissue invasion. However, it is uncommon for these cancers to invade through nearby cartilage. Cartilage invasion is facilitated by matrix metalloproteases, specifically collagenase 3. We present the unusual case of a 76-year-old man with an auricular squamous cell carcinoma that exhibited full-thickness perforation of the scapha cartilage. Permanent sections through the eroded cartilage confirmed tumor invasion extending to the posterior ear skin.
Collapse
|
17
|
Ying Z, Li X, Dang H, Wang F, Xu X. Effect of Hath1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7845-50. [PMID: 26648003 PMCID: PMC4758284 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the tumor suppressor gene Hath1 is implicated in the development and progression of tumors and is verified to be downregulated in several types of tumor. However, the roles and precise molecular mechanisms of Hath1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remain to be elucidated. In the present study, two approaches were used to investigate the tumor-suppressing effect of Hath1 in cutaneous SCC. Firstly, the effect of inhibiting Hath1 expression with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on tumor growth and apoptosis was investigated. KUMA5 cells were stably transfected with a plasmid expressing Hath1 shRNA (pGenesil-1-Hath1). Secondly, the anti-tumor effect of Hath1 was investigated in KUMA5 cells following transfection with pcDNA3.1-Hath1. The mRNA and protein expression of Hath1 was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Cell proliferation in vitro was assessed using an MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. The results demonstrated that compared with the control groups, the expression of Hath1 was significantly reduced in the KUMA5/pGenesil-1-Hath1 cells and markedly increased in the KUMA5/pcDNA3.1-Hath1 cells. Cell proliferation was markedly increased in the KUMA5/pGen-esil-1-Hath1 cells in a time-dependent manner; however, it was markedly inhibited in the KUMA5/pcDNA3.1-Hath1 cells. Flow cytometry revealed that apoptosis decreased in KUMA5/pGenesil-1-Hath1 cells and increased in KUMA5/pcDNA3.1-Hath1 cells. Downregulation of Hath1 expression promoted the proliferation and reduced the apoptosis of KUMA5 cells. By contrast, overexpression of Hath1 inhibited proliferation and induced the apoptosis of KUMA5 cells. These findings provide possible new strategies and therapeutic targets for the treatment and diagnosis of cutaneous SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuolin Ying
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Hong Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Experimental Research Center, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Experimental Research Center, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Analysis of selected risk factors for nodal metastases in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:3007-12. [PMID: 25217080 PMCID: PMC4545188 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) accounts for 20% of all skin malignancies and 20% of deaths. In contrast to mucosal SCC, treatment results are very good. However, regional metastases are present in 5-20% of cases, and the prognosis for patients with metastases is 50% lower. It has been reported that several risk factors are responsible for the head and neck lymph node regional metastasis, such as: poor cell differentiation, local recurrence, immunosuppression, and tumour dimension. Multivariate analysis of metastatic neck lesions in head and neck cSCC. Retrospective analysis of patients treated at our department for head and neck cSCC. The study includes 100 patients: 66 males (66%) and 34 females (34%), aged 26-98 years (mean age 74.6). The tumour was evaluated for: sex predilection, local recurrence, stage (according to 7th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging), differentiation, and site. Most patients (79 cases; 79%) were treated for primary cSCC, while the other 21 patients presented local recurrence of cSCC. Neck metastases were diagnosed in five patients with primary cSCC and in three with recurrent cSCC. No distant metastasis was observed. The most common tumour location was the auricle (29 cases; 29%). Neck dissection was performed most frequently in patients with lip tumours (17/22 cases; 77%). Neck metastasis was diagnosed most often in patients with cSCC on the lip (2 patients) and buccal region (2 patients). The most common tumour location in males was the auricle (25/66 cases; 38%) whereas in females the nasal and buccal regions were the most common locations, with 8 patients each (8/34 cases; 23%). Neck dissection was performed in 20 of the 66 males (30%) and in 12 of the 34 females (35%). Neck metastasis was confirmed in 5 females (15%) and 3 males (5%). The most common histopathological tumour stage was G2 (57 cases; 57%). Of the eight patients with confirmed neck metastasis, four had poorly-differentiated (histopathological stage G3). Thus, 4 of the 24 patients (17%) with stage G3 tumours experienced metastasis. Our findings suggest that factors such as local recurrence, degree of cell differentiation, tumour dimension and/or location, can increase the risk of neck metastases. For this reason, in patients with such risk factors, neck dissection should be considered to evaluate for metastatic lesions.
Collapse
|
19
|
Gurney B, Newlands C. Management of regional metastatic disease in head and neck cutaneous malignancy. 1. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 52:294-300. [PMID: 24559975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This overview is the first of 2 articles on the current evidence for management of the neck and parotid in cutaneous cancers of the head and neck. In this paper we discuss cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and review the latest evidence for management of the regional nodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Gurney
- Royal Surrey County Hospital, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
DLC1 as a regulator of proliferation, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2633-43. [PMID: 23625658 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the tumor suppressor gene deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC1) is tightly implicated in the development and progression of tumors and is verified to be downregulated in a variety of tumors. However, the roles and precise molecular mechanisms of DLC1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cutaneous SCC) remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we confirmed the reduced level in cutaneous SCC tissues and cells, and DLC1 mRNA relative level in cutaneous SCC tissues with lymph node metastasis (0.801 ± 0.079) was markedly lower than those without lymph node metastasis (1.245 ± 0.071) (P < 0.0001). Importantly, the survival rates of patients with low DLC1 level were lower than those with high DLC1 level (P = 0.0051). Further investigation revealed that DLC1 overexpression inhibited proliferation and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase in A431 cells, which may be tightly associated with upregulation of p21 protein and downregulation of cyclin D1 and cdk2 proteins. Moreover, the decreases of FAK and p-FAK as well as the increase of E-cadherin level mediated by elevated DLC1 level suppressed invasion in A431 cells. Additionally, DLC1 overexpression induced apoptosis coupled with elevations of Bax level and caspase-3 activity and decrease of Bcl-2 level in A431 cells. Taken altogether, our data presented herein suggest that DLC1 plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cutaneous SCC, which may be in part achieved by regulating the signaling pathway related to proliferation, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis in cutaneous SCC cells.
Collapse
|
21
|
Perioperative Management of High Risk Primary Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Role of Radiologic Imaging, Elective Lymph Node Dissection, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, and Adjuvant Radiotherapy. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-013-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
22
|
[Management of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin]. ANN CHIR PLAST ESTH 2012; 57:114-7. [PMID: 22463987 DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recurrence, metastasis and mortality due to squamous cell carcinoma are all most often linked to late or inappropriate management and/or aggressive histological types. In consequence, clear guidelines for management are necessary. The aim of this article is to detail clinical management of squamous cell carcinomas based on the official guidelines.
Collapse
|
23
|
Bonerandi JJ, Beauvillain C, Caquant L, Chassagne JF, Chaussade V, Clavère P, Desouches C, Garnier F, Grolleau JL, Grossin M, Jourdain A, Lemonnier JY, Maillard H, Ortonne N, Rio E, Simon E, Sei JF, Grob JJ, Martin L. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 25 Suppl 5:1-51. [PMID: 22070399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Bonerandi
- Department of Dermatology, La Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kwon S, Dong ZM, Wu PC. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: clinical experience and review of literature. World J Surg Oncol 2011; 9:80. [PMID: 21771334 PMCID: PMC3156743 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is associated with an increased risk of metastases. The role of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in these patients remains unclear. To address this uncertainty, we collected clinical data on six patients with clinical N0 high-risk SCC that underwent SLN biopsy between 1999 and 2006 and performed a literature review of SLN procedures for SCC to study the utility of SLN biopsy. There were no positive SLN identified among six cases and there was one local and one distant recurrence on follow-up. Literature review identified 130 reported cases of SLN biopsy for SCC. The SLN positivity rate was 14.1%, 10.1%, and 18.6%; false negative rate was 15.4%, 0%, and 22.2%; and the negative predictive value was 97.8%, 100%, and 95.2% for all sites, head/neck, and truncal/extremity sites, respectively. SLN biopsy remains an investigational staging tool in clinically node-negative high-risk SCC patients. The higher false negative rate and lower negative predictive value among SCC of the trunk/extremity compared to SCC of the head/neck sites suggests a more cautious approach when treating patients with the former. Given the paucity of long-term follow up, an emphasis is placed upon the need for close surveillance regardless of SLN status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kwon
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Skin Cancer 2011; 2011:502723. [PMID: 21461387 PMCID: PMC3064996 DOI: 10.1155/2011/502723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is an epidemic that reaches all parts of the world. Making the diagnosis relies on the acumen of the clinician and pathologist. Various pathologic subtypes exist and differ in histology and prognosis. High-risk tumors need aggressive treatment and vigilant surveillance to monitor for recurrence. Large tumors, deep tissue invasion, perineural involvement, recurrence, location in high-risk areas, and immunosuppression are implicated in worsening prognosis. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment with adjuvant radiation therapy as needed for aggressive tumors; however, other modalities are potentially useful for low-risk lesions. The use of Mohs surgery has become increasingly useful and has shown high success rates. Involvement of parotid and neck lymph nodes significantly affects outcomes and the physician should be comfortable with management of this complex disease. This paper examines the diagnosis, pathology, clinical course, and treatment options for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
Collapse
|
26
|
Cucurbitacin B inhibits growth, arrests the cell cycle, and potentiates antiproliferative efficacy of cisplatin in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Int J Oncol 2010; 37:737-43. [PMID: 20664943 DOI: 10.3892/ijo_00000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common skin cancer with a substantial risk of metastasis which causes clinical treatment failure. This study investigated the anti-CSCC effects of a triterpenoid compound, Cucurbitacin B (CuB). Dose-response studies showed that CuB inhibited 50% growth (ED50) of the CSCC cell lines (SRB1, SRB12, SCC13, COLO16) in liquid culture at 4 x 10(-7)-10(-5) M. Soft-agar assays demonstrated that nearly all of the CSCC clonogenic cells were inhibited at 10(-7) M CuB. FACS analysis found that the compound (10(-7) M, 48 h) caused G2/M arrest. The CSCC cells underwent profound morphologic changes within 60 min after exposure to CuB (10(-7) M), rounding up and losing their pseudopodia. CuB (10(-7) M) caused prominent multinucleation of the cells after they were pulse-exposed (24 h) to the drug, washed and cultured in normal medium for an additional 24 h. The drug (10(-8)-10(-6) M, 3-24 h) decreased levels of CDC2 and cyclin B1 in SRB1 and SRB12 cell lines as seen by Western blot analysis. Migration of SRB1 and SRB12 cells was inhibited by 10(-7) M CuB. Interestingly, CuB synergistically potentiated the anti-proliferative effect of cisplatin in CSCC. In summary, CuB has a prominent anti-proliferative activity on CSCC cells. In vivo studies and clinical trials of this drug should be pursued in CSCC.
Collapse
|
27
|
Carcinome épidermoïde cutané (carcinome spinocellulaire) : Recommandations de pratique clinique pour la prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique Argumentaire - Mai 2009. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(09)75172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
28
|
Veness MJ. The important role of radiotherapy in patients with non-melanoma skin cancer and other cutaneous entities. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2008; 52:278-86. [PMID: 18477123 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2008.01956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer is the commonest malignancy worldwide and a significant public health issue. Although most non-melanoma skin cancers are small and easily excised or ablated, a recommendation of definitive radiotherapy is often made in patients where the outcome (cosmetic and/or functional) will probably be better with radiotherapy compared to surgery. The aim of adjuvant radiotherapy is to reduce the risk of loco-regional recurrence and the role of palliative radiotherapy is important in improving the quality of life in patients with advanced and/or incurable disease. The aim of this review article is to broadly discuss the various clinical settings in which a recommendation of radiotherapy may be made and also includes a discussion on less frequently encountered cutaneous entities (e.g. in situ squamous cell carcinoma, keratocanthoma, lentigo maligna, cutaneous lymphomas and malignant fibrous tumours).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Veness
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Westmead Cancer Care Centre, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|