1
|
Abramczyk AR, Sung Y. Deep-learning-assisted snapshot optical tomography for microscopic volume prediction: a simulation study. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:302-305. [PMID: 38194553 PMCID: PMC10800007 DOI: 10.1364/ol.511350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In this simulation study, we demonstrate fast-yet-accurate volume measurement of microscopic objects by combining snapshot optical tomography and deep learning. Snapshot optical tomography simultaneously collects a multitude of projection images and thus can perform 3D imaging in a single snapshot. However, as with other wide-field microscopy techniques, it suffers from the missing-cone problem, which can seriously degrade the quality of 3D reconstruction. We use deep learning to generate a volume prediction from 2D projection images bypassing the 3D reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Richard Abramczyk
- College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee WI, 53211
| | - Yongjin Sung
- College of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3200 N Cramer St., Milwaukee WI, 53211
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rizzotto A, Tollis S, Pham NT, Zheng Y, Abad MA, Wildenhain J, Jeyaprakash AA, Auer M, Tyers M, Schirmer EC. Reduction in Nuclear Size by DHRS7 in Prostate Cancer Cells and by Estradiol Propionate in DHRS7-Depleted Cells. Cells 2023; 13:57. [PMID: 38201261 PMCID: PMC10778050 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased nuclear size correlates with lower survival rates and higher grades for prostate cancer. The short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family member DHRS7 was suggested as a biomarker for use in prostate cancer grading because it is largely lost in higher-grade tumors. Here, we found that reduction in DHRS7 from the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line with normally high levels of DHRS7 increases nuclear size, potentially explaining the nuclear size increase observed in higher-grade prostate tumors where it is lost. An exogenous expression of DHRS7 in the PC3 prostate cancer cell line with normally low DHRS7 levels correspondingly decreases nuclear size. We separately tested 80 compounds from the Microsource Spectrum library for their ability to restore normal smaller nuclear size to PC3 cells, finding that estradiol propionate had the same effect as the re-expression of DHRS7 in PC3 cells. However, the drug had no effect on LNCaP cells or PC3 cells re-expressing DHRS7. We speculate that separately reported beneficial effects of estrogens in androgen-independent prostate cancer may only occur with the loss of DHRS7/ increased nuclear size, and thus propose DHRS7 levels and nuclear size as potential biomarkers for the likely effectiveness of estrogen-based treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rizzotto
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (A.R.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Sylvain Tollis
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Nhan T. Pham
- The Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (N.T.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Yijing Zheng
- The Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (N.T.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Alba Abad
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK;
| | - Jan Wildenhain
- The Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (N.T.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (M.A.)
| | - A. Arockia Jeyaprakash
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (A.R.); (A.A.J.)
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK;
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU-München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Auer
- The Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (N.T.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (M.A.)
- Xenobe Research Institute, P.O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA 92163-1052, USA
| | - Mike Tyers
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eric C. Schirmer
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (A.R.); (A.A.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Toscano-Marquez F, Romero Y, Espina-Ordoñez M, Cisneros J. Absence of HDAC3 by Matrix Stiffness Promotes Chromatin Remodeling and Fibroblast Activation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071020. [PMID: 37048093 PMCID: PMC10093275 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and fatal disease characterized by progressive and irreversible lung scarring associated with persistent activation of fibroblasts. Epigenetics could integrate diverse microenvironmental signals, such as stiffness, to direct persistent fibroblast activation. Histone modifications by deacetylases (HDAC) may play an essential role in the gene expression changes involved in the pathological remodeling of the lung. Particularly, HDAC3 is crucial for maintaining chromatin and regulating gene expression, but little is known about its role in IPF. In the study, control and IPF-derived fibroblasts were used to determine the influence of HDAC3 on chromatin remodeling and gene expression associated with IPF signature. Additionally, the cells were grown on hydrogels to mimic the stiffness of a fibrotic lung. Our results showed a decreased HDAC3 in the nucleus of IPF fibroblasts, which correlates with changes in nucleus size and heterochromatin loss. The inhibition of HDAC3 with a pharmacological inhibitor causes hyperacetylation of H3K9 and provokes an increased expression of Col1A1, ACTA2, and p21. Comparable results were found in hydrogels, where matrix stiffness promotes the loss of nuclear HDAC3 and increases the profibrotic signature. Finally, latrunculin b was used to confirm that changes by stiffness depend on the mechanotransduction signals. Together, these results suggest that HDAC3 could be a link between epigenetic mechanisms and the fibrotic microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Toscano-Marquez
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar INER-Ciencias-UNAM, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Yair Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Marco Espina-Ordoñez
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar INER-Ciencias-UNAM, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - José Cisneros
- Laboratorio de Biopatología Pulmonar INER-Ciencias-UNAM, Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh I, Lele TP. Nuclear Morphological Abnormalities in Cancer: A Search for Unifying Mechanisms. Results Probl Cell Differ 2022; 70:443-467. [PMID: 36348118 PMCID: PMC9722227 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06573-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Irregularities in nuclear shape and/or alterations to nuclear size are a hallmark of malignancy in a broad range of cancer types. Though these abnormalities are commonly used for diagnostic purposes and are often used to assess cancer progression in the clinic, the mechanisms through which they occur are not well understood. Nuclear size alterations in cancer could potentially arise from aneuploidy, changes in osmotic coupling with the cytoplasm, and perturbations to nucleocytoplasmic transport. Nuclear shape changes may occur due to alterations to cell-generated mechanical stresses and/or alterations to nuclear structural components, which balance those stresses, such as the nuclear lamina and chromatin. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying abnormal nuclear morphology and size may allow the development of new therapeutics to target nuclear aberrations in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tanmay P. Lele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Williams MM, Lee L, Werfel T, Joly MMM, Hicks DJ, Rahman B, Elion D, McKernan C, Sanchez V, Estrada MV, Massarweh S, Elledge R, Duvall C, Cook RS. Intrinsic apoptotic pathway activation increases response to anti-estrogens in luminal breast cancers. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:21. [PMID: 29343814 PMCID: PMC5833697 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α positive (ERα+) breast cancer accounts for approximately 70–80% of the nearly 25,0000 new cases of breast cancer diagnosed in the US each year. Endocrine-targeted therapies (those that block ERα activity) serve as the first line of treatment in most cases. Despite the proven benefit of endocrine therapies, however, ERα+ breast tumors can develop resistance to endocrine therapy, causing disease progression or relapse, particularly in the metastatic setting. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins enhance breast tumor cell survival, often promoting resistance to targeted therapies, including endocrine therapies. Herein, we investigated whether blockade of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins could sensitize luminal breast cancers to anti-estrogen treatment. We used long-term estrogen deprivation (LTED) of human ERα+ breast cancer cell lines, an established model of sustained treatment with and acquired resistance to aromatase inhibitors (AIs), in combination with Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition (ABT-263), finding that ABT-263 induced only limited tumor cell killing in LTED-selected cells in culture and in vivo. Interestingly, expression and activity of the Bcl-2-related factor Mcl-1 was increased in LTED cells. Genetic Mcl-1 ablation induced apoptosis in LTED-selected cells, and potently increased their sensitivity to ABT-263. Increased expression and activity of Mcl-1 was similarly seen in clinical breast tumor specimens treated with AI + the selective estrogen receptor downregulator fulvestrant. Delivery of Mcl-1 siRNA loaded into polymeric nanoparticles (MCL1 si-NPs) decreased Mcl-1 expression in LTED-selected and fulvestrant-treated cells, increasing tumor cell death and blocking tumor cell growth. These findings suggest that Mcl-1 upregulation in response to anti-estrogen treatment enhances tumor cell survival, decreasing response to therapeutic treatments. Therefore, strategies blocking Mcl-1 expression or activity used in combination with endocrine therapies would enhance tumor cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Williams
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Linus Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Meghan M Morrison Joly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Donna J Hicks
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Elion
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Courtney McKernan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Violeta Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Monica V Estrada
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suleiman Massarweh
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Richard Elledge
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Craig Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA. .,The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vuković LD, Jevtić P, Edens LJ, Levy DL. New Insights into Mechanisms and Functions of Nuclear Size Regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 322:1-59. [PMID: 26940517 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear size is generally maintained within a defined range in a given cell type. Changes in cell size that occur during cell growth, development, and differentiation are accompanied by dynamic nuclear size adjustments in order to establish appropriate nuclear-to-cytoplasmic volume relationships. It has long been recognized that aberrations in nuclear size are associated with certain disease states, most notably cancer. Nuclear size and morphology must impact nuclear and cellular functions. Understanding these functional implications requires an understanding of the mechanisms that control nuclear size. In this review, we first provide a general overview of the diverse cellular structures and activities that contribute to nuclear size control, including structural components of the nucleus, effects of DNA amount and chromatin compaction, signaling, and transport pathways that impinge on the nucleus, extranuclear structures, and cell cycle state. We then detail some of the key mechanistic findings about nuclear size regulation that have been gleaned from a variety of model organisms. Lastly, we review studies that have implicated nuclear size in the regulation of cell and nuclear function and speculate on the potential functional significance of nuclear size in chromatin organization, gene expression, nuclear mechanics, and disease. With many fundamental cell biological questions remaining to be answered, the field of nuclear size regulation is still wide open.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidija D Vuković
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Predrag Jevtić
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Lisa J Edens
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America
| | - Daniel L Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quenel-Tueux N, Debled M, Rudewicz J, MacGrogan G, Pulido M, Mauriac L, Dalenc F, Bachelot T, Lortal B, Breton-Callu C, Madranges N, de Lara CT, Fournier M, Bonnefoi H, Soueidan H, Nikolski M, Gros A, Daly C, Wood H, Rabbitts P, Iggo R. Clinical and genomic analysis of a randomised phase II study evaluating anastrozole and fulvestrant in postmenopausal patients treated for large operable or locally advanced hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:585-94. [PMID: 26171933 PMCID: PMC4647692 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant anastrozole and fulvestrant treatment of large operable or locally advanced hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer not eligible for initial breast-conserving surgery, and to identify genomic changes occurring after treatment. METHODS One hundred and twenty post-menopausal patients were randomised to receive 1 mg anastrozole (61 patients) or 500 mg fulvestrant (59 patients) for 6 months. Genomic DNA copy number profiles were generated for a subgroup of 20 patients before and after treatment. RESULTS A total of 108 patients were evaluable for efficacy and 118 for toxicity. The objective response rate determined by clinical palpation was 58.9% (95% CI=45.0-71.9) in the anastrozole arm and 53.8% (95% CI=39.5-67.8) in the fulvestrant arm. The breast-conserving surgery rate was 58.9% (95% CI=45.0-71.9) in the anastrozole arm and 50.0% (95% CI=35.8-64.2) in the fulvestrant arm. Pathological responses >50% occurred in 24 patients (42.9%) in the anastrozole arm and 13 (25.0%) in the fulvestrant arm. The Ki-67 score fell after treatment but there was no significant difference between the reduction in the two arms (anastrozole 16.7% (95% CI=13.3-21.0) before, 3.2% (95% CI=1.9-5.5) after, n=43; fulvestrant 17.1% (95%CI=13.1-22.5) before, 3.2% (95% CI=1.8-5.7) after, n=38) or between the reduction in Ki-67 in clinical responders and non-responders. Genomic analysis appeared to show a reduction of clonal diversity following treatment with selection of some clones with simpler copy number profiles. CONCLUSIONS Both anastrozole and fulvestrant were effective and well-tolerated, enabling breast-conserving surgery in over 50% of patients. Clonal changes consistent with clonal selection by the treatment were seen in a subgroup of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Quenel-Tueux
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marc Debled
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Justine Rudewicz
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U916, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Léon Duguit, F-33608 Pessac, France
- Bordeaux Bioinformatics Centre, University Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR5800, Bordeaux Computer Science Lab, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Gaetan MacGrogan
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U916, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Léon Duguit, F-33608 Pessac, France
| | - Marina Pulido
- Inserm Clinical Investigation Centre CIC1401, Epidemiological Unit, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux 33076, France
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Institut Bergonie, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Louis Mauriac
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Florence Dalenc
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-Oncopole Toulouse, 1 Avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Bachelot
- CLCC Lyon, 28 Promenade Léa et Napoléon Bullukian, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Lortal
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Breton-Callu
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Madranges
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christine Tunon de Lara
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Fournier
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hervé Bonnefoi
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U916, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Léon Duguit, F-33608 Pessac, France
| | - Hayssam Soueidan
- Bordeaux Bioinformatics Centre, University Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Macha Nikolski
- University Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Léon Duguit, F-33608 Pessac, France
- Bordeaux Bioinformatics Centre, University Bordeaux, 146, rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS UMR5800, Bordeaux Computer Science Lab, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Audrey Gros
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U916, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Léon Duguit, F-33608 Pessac, France
| | - Catherine Daly
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Henry Wood
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Pamela Rabbitts
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Richard Iggo
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM U916, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, 16 Avenue Léon Duguit, F-33608 Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sizing and shaping the nucleus: mechanisms and significance. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 28:16-27. [PMID: 24503411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The size and shape of the nucleus are tightly regulated, indicating the physiological significance of proper nuclear morphology, yet the mechanisms and functions of nuclear size and shape regulation remain poorly understood. Correlations between altered nuclear morphology and certain disease states have long been observed, most notably many cancers are diagnosed and staged based on graded increases in nuclear size. Here we review recent studies investigating the mechanisms regulating nuclear size and shape, how mitotic events influence nuclear morphology, and the role of nuclear size and shape in subnuclear chromatin organization and cancer progression.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jevtić P, Levy DL. Mechanisms of nuclear size regulation in model systems and cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 773:537-69. [PMID: 24563365 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in nuclear size have long been used by cytopathologists as an important parameter to diagnose, stage, and prognose many cancers. Mechanisms underlying these changes and functional links between nuclear size and malignancy are largely unknown. Understanding mechanisms of nuclear size regulation and the physiological significance of proper nuclear size control will inform the interplay between altered nuclear size and oncogenesis. In this chapter we review what is known about molecular mechanisms of nuclear size control based on research in model experimental systems including yeast, Xenopus, Tetrahymena, Drosophila, plants, mice, and mammalian cell culture. We discuss how nuclear size is influenced by DNA ploidy, nuclear structural components, cytoplasmic factors and nucleocytoplasmic transport, the cytoskeleton, and the extracellular matrix. Based on these mechanistic insights, we speculate about how nuclear size might impact cell physiology and whether altered nuclear size could contribute to cancer development and progression. We end with some outstanding questions about mechanisms and functions of nuclear size regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Jevtić
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morrison MM, Hutchinson K, Williams MM, Stanford JC, Balko JM, Young C, Kuba MG, Sánchez V, Williams AJ, Hicks DJ, Arteaga CL, Prat A, Perou CM, Earp HS, Massarweh S, Cook RS. ErbB3 downregulation enhances luminal breast tumor response to antiestrogens. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4329-43. [PMID: 23999432 DOI: 10.1172/jci66764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant regulation of the erythroblastosis oncogene B (ErbB) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their ligands is common in human cancers. ErbB3 is required in luminal mammary epithelial cells (MECs) for growth and survival. Since breast cancer phenotypes may reflect biological traits of the MECs from which they originate, we tested the hypothesis that ErbB3 drives luminal breast cancer growth. We found higher ERBB3 expression and more frequent ERBB3 gene copy gains in luminal A/B breast cancers compared with other breast cancer subtypes. In cell culture, ErbB3 increased growth of luminal breast cancer cells. Targeted depletion of ErbB3 with an anti-ErbB3 antibody decreased 3D colony growth, increased apoptosis, and decreased tumor growth in vivo. Treatment of clinical breast tumors with the antiendocrine drug fulvestrant resulted in increased ErbB3 expression and PI3K/mTOR signaling. Depletion of ErbB3 in fulvestrant-treated tumor cells reduced PI3K/mTOR signaling, thus decreasing tumor cell survival and tumor growth. Fulvestrant treatment increased phosphorylation of all ErbB family RTKs; however, phospho-RTK upregulation was not seen in tumors treated with both fulvestrant and anti-ErbB3. These data indicate that upregulation of ErbB3 in luminal breast cancer cells promotes growth, survival, and resistance to fulvestrant, thus suggesting ErbB3 as a target for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Synergism
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogen Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Female
- Fulvestrant
- Gene Dosage
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/immunology
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Transcriptome
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
|
11
|
Current World Literature. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2013; 25:81-9. [DOI: 10.1097/gco.0b013e32835cc6b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
Edens LJ, White KH, Jevtic P, Li X, Levy DL. Nuclear size regulation: from single cells to development and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 23:151-9. [PMID: 23277088 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell size varies greatly among different cell types and organisms, especially during early development when cell division is rapid with little overall growth. A fundamental question is how organelle size is regulated relative to cell size. The nucleus exhibits exquisite size scaling during development and between species, and nuclear size is often altered in cancer cells. Recent studies have elucidated mechanisms of nuclear size regulation in a variety of experimental systems, opening the door to future research on how nuclear size impacts upon cell and nuclear function and subnuclear organization. In this review we discuss studies that have clarified nuclear size control mechanisms and how these results have or will contribute to our understanding of the functional significance of nuclear size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Edens
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|