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Chen C, Liu X, Lin Y, Li L, Guo M, Yi F. Protective effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide on MGO-induced nonenzymatic glycation fibroblasts. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27458. [PMID: 38496906 PMCID: PMC10944218 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The nonenzymatic glycation of fibroblasts causes functional downregulation and behavioral disorders in the skin. Methods To investigate the effect of Inonotus obliquus on the nonenzymatic glycation of skin, we examined the inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) using four extraction methods: n-butanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and aqueous alcohol precipitation. The physical properties and chemical structure of the most effective, purified, crude I. obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) were examined. The effects of IOP on carboxymethyl lysine (CML) accumulation, inflammatory factor release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, key extracellular matrix (ECM) protein (MMP 1, 2 and 9; FN-1, LM-5 and COL-1) mRNA expression, and cell survival, migration and adhesion were also examined via cellular assays. Results IOP is a polysaccharide with a molecular weight (Mw) of 2.396 × 104 (±6.626%) that is composed mainly of glucose, galactose, xylose, mannose and arabinose (29.094:21.705:14.857:9.375:7.709). In addition, a cellular antiglycation assay showed that IOP, which can promote ECM formation by inhibiting the accumulation of CML, inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1\-2\-9), promoting the synthesis of ECMs (COL1, FN1, and LM5), and improving cellular dysfunction, had strong antiglycation activity at concentrations in the range of 6-24 μg/mL. Conclusion IOP effectively reduced the levels of inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species produced by AGEs, further preventing the impairment of cell behavior (decreased migration and reduced cell adhesion) and preventing the downregulation of the expression of key extracellular matrix proteins induced by AGEs. The results indicate the potential application of IOP as an AGE inhibitor in skin care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University. No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Xiaoxing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University. No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University. No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University. No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University. No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Fan Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University. No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, PR China
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Chen C, Liu X, Li L, Guo M, He Y, Dong Y, Meng H, Yi F. Study of the mechanism by gentiopicroside protects against skin fibroblast glycation damage via the RAGE pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4685. [PMID: 38409584 PMCID: PMC10897486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of nonenzymatic glycosylation reactions in skin fibroblasts can lead to severe impairment of skin health. To investigate the protective effects of the major functional ingredient from Gentianaceae, gentiopicroside (GPS) on fibroblasts, network pharmacology was used to analyse the potential pathways and targets underlying the effects of GPS on skin. At the biochemical and cellular levels, we examined the inhibitory effect of GPS on AGEs, the regulation by GPS of key ECM proteins and vimentin, the damage caused by GPS to the mitochondrial membrane potential and the modulation by GPS of inflammatory factors such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and IL-6 via the RAGE/NF-κB pathway. The results showed that GPS can inhibit AGE-induced damage to the dermis via multiple pathways. The results of biochemical and cellular experiments showed that GPS can strongly inhibit AGE production. Conversely, GPS can block AGE-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in skin cells by disrupting AGE-RAGE signalling, maintain the balance of ECM synthesis and catabolism, and alleviate AGE-induced dysfunctions in cellular behaviour. This study provides a theoretical basis for the use of GPS as an AGE inhibitor to improve skin health and alleviate the damage caused by glycosylation, showing its potential application value in the field of skin care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- The School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- The School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- The School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- The School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- The School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinmao Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- The School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
- The School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
- The School of Light Industry Science and Technology, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Chen VY, Siegfried LG, Tomic-Canic M, Stone RC, Pastar I. Cutaneous changes in diabetic patients: Primed for aberrant healing? Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:700-712. [PMID: 37365017 PMCID: PMC10966665 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous manifestations affect most patients with diabetes mellitus, clinically presenting with numerous dermatologic diseases from xerosis to diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Skin conditions not only impose a significantly impaired quality of life on individuals with diabetes but also predispose patients to further complications. Knowledge of cutaneous biology and the wound healing process under diabetic conditions is largely limited to animal models, and studies focusing on biology of the human condition of DFUs remain limited. In this review, we discuss the critical molecular, cellular, and structural changes to the skin in the hyperglycaemic and insulin-resistant environment of diabetes with a focus specifically on human-derived data. Elucidating the breadth of the cutaneous manifestations coupled with effective diabetes management is important for improving patient quality of life and averting future complications including wound healing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Y Chen
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsey G Siegfried
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rivka C Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Attenuation of methylglyoxal-induced glycation and cellular dysfunction in wound healing by Centella cordifolia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:813-824. [PMID: 33424371 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Current pre-clinical evidences of Centella focus on its pharmacological effects on normal wound healing but there are limited studies on the bioactivity of Centella in cellular dysfunction associated with diabetic wounds. Hence we planned to examine the potential of Centella cordifolia in inhibiting methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) glycation and promoting the related cellular functions. A Cell-ECM adhesion assay examined the ECM glycation induced by MGO. Different cell types that contribute to the healing process (fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial cells) were evaluated for their ability to adhere to the glycated ECM. Methanolic extract of Centella species was prepared and partitioned to yield different solvent fractions which were further analysed by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) method. Based on the antioxidant [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay] screening, anti-glycation activity and total phenolic content (TPC) of the different Centella species and fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction of C. cordifolia was selected for further investigating its ability to inhibit MGO-induced ECM glycation and promote cellular distribution and adhesion. Out of the three Centella species (C. asiatica, C. cordifolia and C. erecta), the methanolic extract of C. cordifolia showed maximum inhibition of Advanced glycation end products (AGE) fluorescence (20.20 ± 4.69 %, 25.00 ± 3.58 % and 16.18 ± 1.40 %, respectively). Its ethyl acetate fraction was enriched with phenolic compounds (3.91 ± 0.12 mg CAE/μg fraction) and showed strong antioxidant (59.95 ± 7.18 μM TE/μg fraction) and antiglycation activities. Improvement of cells spreading and adhesion of endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes was observed for ethyl acetate treated MGO-glycated extracellular matrix. Significant reduction in attachment capacity of EA.hy926 cells seeded on MGO-glycated fibronectin (41.2%) and attachment reduction of NIH3t3 and HaCaT cells seeded on MGO-glycated collagen (33.7% and 24.1%, respectively) were observed. Our findings demonstrate that ethyl acetate fraction of C. cordifolia was effective in attenuating MGO-induced glycation and cellular dysfunction in the in-vitro wound healing models suggesting that C. cordifolia could be a potential candidate for diabetic wound healing. It could be subjected for further isolation of new phytoconstituents having potential diabetic wound healing properties.
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Key Words
- AGA, minoguanidine hydrochloride
- AGEs, Advanced glycation end products
- AlCl3, Aluminum chloride
- Antiglycation
- BSA, Bovine serum albumin
- Centella
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
- Diabetic complications
- EA, Ethyl acetate fraction
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- FN, Fibronectin
- HEPES, Hydroxyethyl piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- HPLC-PDA
- HPLC-PDA, High performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detector
- HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c
- MGO, Methylglyoxal
- Methylglyoxal
- NaNO2, Sodium nitrite
- NaOH, Sodium hydroxide
- PBS, Phosphate buffered saline
- RAGE, Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SDS-PAGE, Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TLC, Thin-layer chromatography
- TNBSA, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid
- TNBSA, Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid
- TPC, Total phenolic content
- Trolox, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
- Wounds
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Cam ME, Yildiz S, Alenezi H, Cesur S, Ozcan GS, Erdemir G, Edirisinghe U, Akakin D, Kuruca DS, Kabasakal L, Gunduz O, Edirisinghe M. Evaluation of burst release and sustained release of pioglitazone-loaded fibrous mats on diabetic wound healing: an in vitro and in vivo comparison study. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190712. [PMID: 31964272 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to provide more effective treatment strategies for the rapid healing of diabetic wounds, novel therapeutic approaches need to be developed. The therapeutic potential of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist pioglitazone hydrochloride (PHR) in two different release kinetic scenarios, burst release and sustained release, was investigated and compared with in vitro and in vivo tests as potential wound healing dressings. PHR-loaded fibrous mats were successfully fabricated using polyvinyl-pyrrolidone and polycaprolactone by scalable pressurized gyration. The results indicated that PHR-loaded fibrous mats expedited diabetic wound healing in type-1 diabetic rats and did not show any cytotoxic effect on NIH/3T3 (mouse embryo fibroblast) cells, albeit with different release kinetics and efficacies. The wound healing effects of fibrous mats are presented with histological and biochemical evaluations. PHR-loaded fibrous mats improved neutrophil infiltration, oedema, and inflammation and increased epidermal regeneration and fibroblast proliferation, but the formation of hair follicles and completely improved oedema were observed only in the sustained release form. Thus, topical administration of PPAR-γ agonist in sustained release form has high potential for the treatment of diabetic wounds in inflammatory and proliferative phases of healing with high bioavailability and fewer systemic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Emin Cam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK.,Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34716, Turkey
| | - Sila Yildiz
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Hussain Alenezi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK.,Department of Manufacturing Engineering, College of Technological Studies, PAAET, 13092 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sumeyye Cesur
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey.,Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Gul Sinemcan Ozcan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Gokce Erdemir
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Ursula Edirisinghe
- Accident and Emergency Department, Hillingdon Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Pield Heath Road, Uxbridge UB8 3NN, UK
| | - Dilek Akakin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Durdane Serap Kuruca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Levent Kabasakal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul 34716, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology and Biomaterials Research, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey.,Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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de Lima CL, Coelho MS, Royer C, Resende AP, Borges GA, Rodrigues da Silva J, Amato AA, Guerra E, Neves FDAR, Acevedo AC. Rosiglitazone Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Osteopontin Gene Expression in Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2015; 41:1486-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Mirza RE, Fang MM, Novak ML, Urao N, Sui A, Ennis WJ, Koh TJ. Macrophage PPARγ and impaired wound healing in type 2 diabetes. J Pathol 2015; 236:433-44. [PMID: 25875529 DOI: 10.1002/path.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages undergo a transition from pro-inflammatory to healing-associated phenotypes that is critical for efficient wound healing. However, the regulation of this transition during normal and impaired healing remains to be elucidated. In our studies, the switch in macrophage phenotypes during skin wound healing was associated with up-regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ and its downstream targets, along with increased mitochondrial content. In the setting of diabetes, up-regulation of PPARγ activity was impaired by sustained expression of IL-1β in both mouse and human wounds. In addition, experiments with myeloid-specific PPARγ knockout mice indicated that loss of PPARγ in macrophages is sufficient to prolong wound inflammation and delay healing. Furthermore, PPARγ agonists promoted a healing-associated macrophage phenotype both in vitro and in vivo, even in the diabetic wound environment. Importantly, topical administration of PPARγ agonists improved healing in diabetic mice, suggesting an appealing strategy for down-regulating inflammation and improving the healing of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita E Mirza
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Milie M Fang
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret L Novak
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Norifumi Urao
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Sui
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William J Ennis
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy J Koh
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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Balaji S, King A, Dhamija Y, Le LD, Shaaban AF, Crombleholme TM, Keswani SG. Pseudotyped adeno-associated viral vectors for gene transfer in dermal fibroblasts: implications for wound-healing applications. J Surg Res 2013; 184:691-8. [PMID: 23590866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-specific gene transfer and sustained transgene expression are goals of cutaneous gene therapy. Pseudotyping strategy with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has the potential to confer unique cellular tropism and transduction efficiency. We hypothesize that pseudotyped AAV vectors have differential tropism and transduction efficiency under normal and wound conditions in dermal fibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS We packaged AAV2 genome with green fluorescent protein reporter in capsids of other serotypes, AAV5, AAV7, and AAV8, producing pseudotyped vectors AAV2/5, AAV2/7, and AAV2/8, respectively. Murine and human dermal fibroblasts were transduced by the different pseudotypes for 24 h at multiplicities of infection 10(2), 10(3), 10(4), and 10(5). We assessed transduction efficiency at days 3 and 7. Experiments were repeated in a simulated wound environment by adding 10 ng/mL platelet-derived growth factor-B to culture media. RESULTS Transduction efficiency of the pseudotyped AAV vectors was dose dependent. Multiplicity of infection 10(5) resulted in significantly higher gene transfer. Under normal culture conditions, the pseudotyping strategy conferred differential transduction of dermal fibroblasts, with significantly enhanced transduction of murine cells by AAV2/5 and AAV2/8 compared with AAV2/2. Adeno-associated virus 2/8 was more efficacious in transducing human cells. Under wound conditions, transduction efficiency of AAV2/2, 2/5, and 2/8 was significantly lower in murine fibroblasts. At day 3 under wound conditions, all vectors demonstrated similar transduction efficiency, but by day 7, the three pseudotyped vectors transduced significantly more murine cells compared with AAV2/2. However, in human cells, there was no significant difference in the transduction efficiency of each pseudotype between normal and wound conditions at both 3 and 7 d. CONCLUSIONS The AAV pseudotyping strategy represents a gene transfer technology that can result in differential transduction of dermal fibroblasts. The differences in transduction efficiency in murine and human dermal fibroblasts in both the normal and wound environment highlight issues with translatability of gene transfer techniques. These data provide a template for using pseudotyped AAV vectors in cutaneous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Balaji
- Division of Pediatric, General, Thoracic, and Fetal Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
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