1
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Chen R, Zou L. Combined analysis of single-cell sequencing and bulk transcriptome sequencing reveals new mechanisms for non-healing diabetic foot ulcers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306248. [PMID: 38950058 PMCID: PMC11216623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) pose a significant challenge in diabetes care. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying biological disparities between healing and non-healing DFUs remains elusive. We conducted bioinformatics analysis of publicly available transcriptome sequencing data in an attempt to elucidate these differences. Our analysis encompassed differential analysis to unveil shifts in cell composition and gene expression profiles between non-healing and healing DFUs. Cell communication alterations were explored employing the Cellchat R package. Pseudotime analysis and cytoTRACE allowed us to dissect the heterogeneity within fibroblast subpopulations. Our findings unveiled disruptions in various cell types, localized low-grade inflammation, compromised systemic antigen processing and presentation, and extensive extracellular matrix signaling disarray in non-healing DFU patients. Some of these anomalies partially reverted in healing DFUs, particularly within the abnormal ECM-receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, we distinguished distinct fibroblast subpopulations in non-healing and healing DFUs, each with unique biological functions. Healing-associated fibroblasts exhibited heightened extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and a robust wound healing response, while non-healing-associated fibroblasts showed signs of cellular senescence and complement activation, among other characteristics. This analysis offers profound insights into the wound healing microenvironment, identifies pivotal cell types for DFU healing promotion, and reveals potential therapeutic targets for DFU management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Chen
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijun Zou
- Department of Wound Repair Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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2
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Richards SM, Gubser Keller C, Kreutzer R, Greiner G, Ley S, Doelemeyer A, Dubost V, Flandre T, Kirkland S, Carbone W, Pandya R, Knehr J, Roma G, Schuierer S, Bouchez L, Seuwen K, Aebi A, Westhead D, Hintzen G, Jurisic G, Hossain I, Neri M, Manevski N, Balavenkatraman KK, Moulin P, Begrich A, Bertschi B, Huber R, Bouwmeester T, Driver VR, von Schwabedissen M, Schaefer D, Wettstein B, Wettstein R, Ruffner H. Molecular characterization of chronic cutaneous wounds reveals subregion- and wound type-specific differential gene expression. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14447. [PMID: 38149752 PMCID: PMC10958103 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A limited understanding of the pathology underlying chronic wounds has hindered the development of effective diagnostic markers and pharmaceutical interventions. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular composition of various common chronic ulcer types to facilitate drug discovery strategies. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of leg ulcers (LUs), encompassing venous and arterial ulcers, foot ulcers (FUs), pressure ulcers (PUs), and compared them with surgical wound healing complications (WHCs). To explore the pathophysiological mechanisms and identify similarities or differences within wounds, we dissected wounds into distinct subregions, including the wound bed, border, and peri-wound areas, and compared them against intact skin. By correlating histopathology, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), we identified unique genes, pathways, and cell type abundance patterns in each wound type and subregion. These correlations aim to aid clinicians in selecting targeted treatment options and informing the design of future preclinical and clinical studies in wound healing. Notably, specific genes, such as PITX1 and UPP1, exhibited exclusive upregulation in LUs and FUs, potentially offering significant benefits to specialists in limb preservation and clinical treatment decisions. In contrast, comparisons between different wound subregions, regardless of wound type, revealed distinct expression profiles. The pleiotropic chemokine-like ligand GPR15L (C10orf99) and transmembrane serine proteases TMPRSS11A/D were significantly upregulated in wound border subregions. Interestingly, WHCs exhibited a nearly identical transcriptome to PUs, indicating clinical relevance. Histological examination revealed blood vessel occlusions with impaired angiogenesis in chronic wounds, alongside elevated expression of genes and immunoreactive markers related to blood vessel and lymphatic epithelial cells in wound bed subregions. Additionally, inflammatory and epithelial markers indicated heightened inflammatory responses in wound bed and border subregions and reduced wound bed epithelialization. In summary, chronic wounds from diverse anatomical sites share common aspects of wound pathophysiology but also exhibit distinct molecular differences. These unique molecular characteristics present promising opportunities for drug discovery and treatment, particularly for patients suffering from chronic wounds. The identified diagnostic markers hold the potential to enhance preclinical and clinical trials in the field of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Kreutzer
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Department of PathologyAnaPath Services GmbHLiestalSwitzerland
| | | | - Svenja Ley
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Arno Doelemeyer
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Valerie Dubost
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Thierry Flandre
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Susan Kirkland
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Harvantis Pharma Consulting LtdLondonUK
| | - Walter Carbone
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Research and Development CoordinatorELI TechGroup Corso SvizzeraTorinoItaly
| | - Rishika Pandya
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Judith Knehr
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Discovery Data ScienceGSK VaccinesSienaItaly
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Laure Bouchez
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Therapeutics Department, Executive in ResidenceGeneral InceptionBaselSwitzerland
| | - Klaus Seuwen
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Alexandra Aebi
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - David Westhead
- Leeds Institute of Data AnalyticsUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Gabriele Hintzen
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Translational ScienceAffimed GmbHMannheimGermany
| | - Giorgia Jurisic
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Imtiaz Hossain
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Marilisa Neri
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Nenad Manevski
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- Translational PKPD and Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, pREDF. Hoffmann‐La Roche AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Pierre Moulin
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | - Annette Begrich
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Roland Huber
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Vickie R. Driver
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
- INOVA HealthcareWound Healing and Hyperbaric CentersFalls ChurchVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Dirk Schaefer
- Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Barbara Wettstein
- Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Reto Wettstein
- Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Hand SurgeryUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Heinz Ruffner
- Novartis Biomedical ResearchNovartis Pharma AGBaselSwitzerland
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3
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Avila-Martinez N, Gansevoort M, Verbakel J, Jayaprakash H, Araujo IM, Vitorino M, Tiscornia G, van Kuppevelt TH, Daamen WF. Matrisomal components involved in regenerative wound healing in axolotl and Acomys: implications for biomaterial development. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6060-6081. [PMID: 37525590 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Achieving regeneration in humans has been a long-standing goal of many researchers. Whereas amphibians like the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) are capable of regenerating whole organs and even limbs, most mammals heal their wounds via fibrotic scarring. Recently, the African spiny mouse (Acomys sp.) has been shown to be injury resistant and capable of regenerating several tissue types. A major focal point of research with Acomys has been the identification of drivers of regeneration. In this search, the matrisome components related to the extracellular matrix (ECM) are often overlooked. In this review, we compare Acomys and axolotl skin wound healing and blastema-mediated regeneration by examining their wound healing responses and comparing the expression pattern of matrisome genes, including glycosaminoglycan (GAG) related genes. The goal of this review is to identify matrisome genes that are upregulated during regeneration and could be potential candidates for inclusion in pro-regenerative biomaterials. Research papers describing transcriptomic or proteomic coverage of either skin regeneration or blastema formation in Acomys and axolotl were selected. Matrisome and GAG related genes were extracted from each dataset and the resulting lists of genes were compared. In our analysis, we found several genes that were consistently upregulated, suggesting possible involvement in regenerative processes. Most of the components have been implicated in regulation of cell behavior, extracellular matrix remodeling and wound healing. Incorporation of such pro-regenerative factors into biomaterials may help to shift pro-fibrotic processes to regenerative responses in treated wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Avila-Martinez
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Research Institute, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Merel Gansevoort
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Research Institute, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Juul Verbakel
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Research Institute, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Haarshaadri Jayaprakash
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ines Maria Araujo
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marta Vitorino
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Tiscornia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Eugin Barcelona, Balmes, 236, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Research Institute, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Willeke F Daamen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Research Institute, Radboud university medical center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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4
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Zlobina K, Malekos E, Chen H, Gomez M. Robust classification of wound healing stages in both mice and humans for acute and burn wounds based on transcriptomic data. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:166. [PMID: 37098473 PMCID: PMC10127407 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wound healing involves careful coordination among various cell types carrying out unique or even multifaceted functions. The abstraction of this complex dynamic process into four primary wound stages is essential to the study of wound care for timing treatment and tracking wound progression. For example, a treatment that may promote healing in the inflammatory stage may prove detrimental in the proliferative stage. Additionally, the time scale of individual responses varies widely across and within the same species. Therefore, a robust method to assess wound stages can help advance translational work from animals to humans. RESULTS In this work, we present a data-driven model that robustly identifies the dominant wound healing stage using transcriptomic data from biopsies gathered from mouse and human wounds, both burn and surgical. A training dataset composed of publicly available transcriptomic arrays is used to derive 58 shared genes that are commonly differentially expressed. They are divided into 5 clusters based on temporal gene expression dynamics. The clusters represent a 5-dimensional parametric space containing the wound healing trajectory. We then create a mathematical classification algorithm in the 5-dimensional space and demonstrate that it can distinguish between the four stages of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. CONCLUSIONS In this work, we present an algorithm for wound stage detection based on gene expression. This work suggests that there are universal characteristics of gene expression in wound healing stages despite the seeming disparities across species and wounds. Our algorithm performs well for human and mouse wounds of both burn and surgical types. The algorithm has the potential to serve as a diagnostic tool that can advance precision wound care by providing a way of tracking wound healing progression with more accuracy and finer temporal resolution compared to visual indicators. This increases the potential for preventive action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Han Chen
- University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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5
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Phase-specific signatures of wound fibroblasts and matrix patterns define cancer-associated fibroblast subtypes. Matrix Biol 2023; 119:19-56. [PMID: 36914141 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Healing wounds and cancers present remarkable cellular and molecular parallels, but the specific roles of the healing phases are largely unknown. We developed a bioinformatics pipeline to identify genes and pathways that define distinct phases across the time-course of healing. Their comparison to cancer transcriptomes revealed that a resolution phase wound signature is associated with increased severity in skin cancer and enriches for extracellular matrix-related pathways. Comparisons of transcriptomes of early- and late-phase wound fibroblasts vs skin cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) identified an "early wound" CAF subtype, which localizes to the inner tumor stroma and expresses collagen-related genes that are controlled by the RUNX2 transcription factor. A "late wound" CAF subtype localizes to the outer tumor stroma and expresses elastin-related genes. Matrix imaging of primary melanoma tissue microarrays validated these matrix signatures and identified collagen- vs elastin-rich niches within the tumor microenvironment, whose spatial organization predicts survival and recurrence. These results identify wound-regulated genes and matrix patterns with prognostic potential in skin cancer.
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6
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Boahen EK, Pan B, Kweon H, Kim JS, Choi H, Kong Z, Kim DJ, Zhu J, Ying WB, Lee KJ, Kim DH. Ultrafast, autonomous self-healable iontronic skin exhibiting piezo-ionic dynamics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7699. [PMID: 36509757 PMCID: PMC9744819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-healing properties and ionic sensing capabilities of the human skin offer inspiring groundwork for the designs of stretchable iontronic skins. However, from electronic to ionic mechanosensitive skins, simultaneously achieving autonomously superior self-healing properties, superior elasticity, and effective control of ion dynamics in a homogeneous system is rarely feasible. Here, we report a Cl-functionalized iontronic pressure sensitive material (CLiPS), designed via the introduction of Cl-functionalized groups into a polyurethane matrix, which realizes an ultrafast, autonomous self-healing speed (4.3 µm/min), high self-healing efficiency (91% within 60 min), and mechanosensitive piezo-ionic dynamics. This strategy promotes both an excellent elastic recovery (100%) and effective control of ion dynamics because the Cl groups trap the ions in the system via ion-dipole interactions, resulting in excellent pressure sensitivity (7.36 kPa-1) for tactile sensors. The skin-like sensor responds to pressure variations, demonstrating its potential for touch modulation in future wearable electronics and human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis K Boahen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Baohai Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyukmin Kweon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbin Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengyang Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Bin Ying
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Ågren MS, Litman T, Eriksen JO, Schjerling P, Bzorek M, Gjerdrum LMR. Gene Expression Linked to Reepithelialization of Human Skin Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415746. [PMID: 36555389 PMCID: PMC9779194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the regulatory processes of reepithelialization during wound healing is incomplete. In an attempt to map the genes involved in epidermal regeneration and differentiation, we measured gene expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded standardized epidermal wounds induced by the suction-blister technique with associated nonwounded skin using NanoString technology. The transcripts of 139 selected genes involved in clotting, immune response to tissue injury, signaling pathways, cell adhesion and proliferation, extracellular matrix remodeling, zinc transport and keratinocyte differentiation were evaluated. We identified 22 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in descending order of fold change (MMP1, MMP3, IL6, CXCL8, SERPINE1, IL1B, PTGS2, HBEGF, CXCL5, CXCL2, TIMP1, CYR61, CXCL1, MMP12, MMP9, HGF, CTGF, ITGB3, MT2A, FGF7, COL4A1 and PLAUR). The expression of the most upregulated gene, MMP1, correlated strongly with MMP3 followed by IL6 and IL1B. rhIL-1β, but not rhIL-6, exposure of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes and normal human dermal fibroblasts increased both MMP1 mRNA and MMP-1 protein levels, as well as TIMP1 mRNA levels. The increased TIMP1 in wounds was validated by immunohistochemistry. The six downregulated DEGs (COL7A1, MMP28, SLC39A2, FLG1, KRT10 and FLG2) were associated with epidermal maturation. KLK8 showed the strongest correlation with MKI67 mRNA levels and is a potential biomarker for keratinocyte proliferation. The observed gene expression changes correlate well with the current knowledge of physiological reepithelialization. Thus, the gene expression panel described in this paper could be used in patients with impaired healing to identify possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus S. Ågren
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Litman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Ole Eriksen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Bzorek
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lise Mette Rahbek Gjerdrum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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8
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Guamba E, Vispo NS, Whitehead DC, Singh AK, Santos-Oliveira R, Niebieskikwiat D, Zamora-Ledezma C, Alexis F. Cellulose-based hydrogels towards an antibacterial wound dressing. Biomater Sci 2022; 11:3461-3468. [PMID: 36475559 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01369j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are promising candidates for wound healing bandages because they can mimic the native skin microenvironment. Additionally, there is increasing growth in the use of naturally derived materials and plant-based biomaterials to produce healthcare products with healing purposes because of their biocompatibility and biodegradation properties. In this study, cellulose extracted from biodiverse sources in Ecuador was used as the raw material for the fabrication of hydrogels with enhanced antifouling properties. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the cellulose and hydrogels. In vitro and ex vivo tests were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydrogels against Gram-negative bacteria as a model. Finally, the hydrogel synthesized with cellulose extracted from pitahaya showed improved antibacterial activity when applied over pigskin as a proof of concept for wound dressing. Therefore, the present results suggest that cellulose-based hydrogels are good candidates for application as wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Guamba
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Nelson Santiago Vispo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Daniel C Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Ajaya Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Government VYT PG Autonomous College Durg, Chhattisgarh-491001, India.,School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy and Synthesis of New Radiopharmaceuticals, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Zona Oeste State University, Laboratory of Radiopharmacy and Nanoradiopharmaceuticals, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dario Niebieskikwiat
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Quito, 170901, Ecuador.
| | - Camilo Zamora-Ledezma
- Green and Innovative Technologies for Food, Environment and Bioengineering Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, UCAM - Universidad Católica de Murcia, Avda. Los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Frank Alexis
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Quito, 170901, Ecuador.
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9
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ATMP-classified, scalable, autologous cell spray for the treatment of skin wounds and assessment of its effects on wound healing clinically and on molecular level. Burns 2022:S0305-4179(22)00240-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Cytokines and Venous Leg Ulcer Healing-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126526. [PMID: 35742965 PMCID: PMC9224200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are the most common type of leg ulcers with a significant socioeconomic burden due to slow healing. Cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of VLUs. In this systematic review, our objective was to investigate the association between cytokine levels, including growth factors, with the healing of VLUs. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched from their inception to August 2021. We retrieved 28 articles investigating 38 different cytokines in 790 patients. Cytokines were most commonly investigated in wound fluid and less frequently in biopsies and serum. The studies were judged as having a moderate to high risk of bias, and the results were often inconsistent and sometimes conflicting. A meta-analysis was not performed due to clinical and methodological heterogeneities. We found weak evidence for elevated IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and VEGF levels in non-healing VLUs, an elevation that declined with healing. TGF-β1 levels tended to increase with VLU healing. Other cytokines warranting further investigations include EGF, FGF-2, GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-1Ra and PDGF-AA/PDGF-BB. We conclude that non-healing VLUs may be associated with an elevation of a palette of pro-inflammatory cytokines, possibly reflecting activated innate immunity in these wounds. There is a paucity of reliable longitudinal studies monitoring the dynamic changes in cytokine levels during wound healing.
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11
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Marjanovic J, Ramirez HA, Jozic I, Stone RC, Wikramanayake TC, Head CR, Abdo Abujamra B, Ojeh N, Kirsner RS, Lev-Tov H, Pastar I, Tomic-Canic M. Dichotomous role of miR193b-3p in diabetic foot ulcers maintains inhibition of healing and suppression of tumor formation. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabg8397. [PMID: 35544594 PMCID: PMC9707408 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg8397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite the hyperproliferative environment marked by activation of β-catenin and overexpression of c-myc, the epidermis surrounding chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) is clinically hypertrophic and nonmigratory yet does not undergo malignant transformation. We identified miR193b-3p as a master regulator that contributes to this unique cellular phenotype. We determined that induction of tumor suppressor miR193b-3p is a unique feature of DFUs that is not found in venous leg ulcers, acute wounds, or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Genomic analyses of DFUs identified suppression of the miR193b-3p target gene network that orchestrates cell motility. Inhibition of migration and wound closure was further confirmed by overexpression of miR193b-3p in human organotypic and murine in vivo wound models, whereas miR193b-3p knockdown accelerated wound reepithelialization in human ex vivo and diabetic murine wounds in vivo. The dominant negative effect of miR193b-3p on keratinocyte migration was maintained in the presence of promigratory miR31-5p and miR15b-5p, which were also overexpressed in DFUs. miR193b-3p mediated antimigratory activity by disrupting stress fiber formation and by decreasing activity of GTPase RhoA. Conversely, miR193b-3p targets that typically participate in malignant transformation were found to be differentially regulated between DFUs and SCC, including the proto-oncogenes KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral proto-oncogene) and KIT (KIT proto-oncogene). Although miR193b-3p acts as a tumor suppressor contributing to low tumor incidence in DFUs, it also acts as a master inhibitor of cellular migration and epithelialization in DFUs. Thus, miR193b-3p may represent a target for wound healing induction, cancer therapeutics, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Marjanovic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Horacio A Ramirez
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ivan Jozic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rivka C Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Cheyanne R Head
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Beatriz Abdo Abujamra
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Nkemcho Ojeh
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados
| | - Robert S Kirsner
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Hadar Lev-Tov
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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12
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Kalyvianaki K, Drosou I, Notas G, Castanas E, Kampa M. Enhanced OXER1 expression is indispensable for human cancer cell migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 584:95-100. [PMID: 34775286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OXER1 is a recently identified receptor, binding the arachidonic acid metabolic product 5-oxo-ETE, considered an inflammatory receptor, implicated in chemoattraction of circulating mononuclear cells, Ca2+ surge in neutrophils, inflammation and cancer. Recently, we have shown that OXER1 is also a membrane androgen receptor in various cancer tissues. It was reported that the presence of OXER1 in leucocytes and the production and release of 5-oxo-ETE by wounded tissues is a wound sensing mechanism, leading to lymphocyte attraction. In view of the similarity of hallmarks of cancer and wound healing, we have explored the role of OXER1 and its endogenous ligand in the control of cell migration of human cancer epithelial cells (DU-145, T47D and Hep3B), mimicking the activation/migration phase of healing. We show that OXER1 is up-regulated only at the leading edge of the wound and its expression is up-regulated by its ligand 5-oxo-ETE, in a time-related manner. Knock-down of OXER1 or inhibition of 5-oxo-ETE synthesis led to decreased migration of cells and a prolongation of healing, in culture prostate cancer cell monolayers, with a substantial modification of actin cytoskeleton and a decreased filopodia formation. Inhibition of cell migration is a phenomenon mediated by Gβγ OXER1 mediated actions. These results provide a novel mechanism of OXER1 implication in cancer progression and might be of value for the design of novel OXER1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kalyvianaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Irene Drosou
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
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13
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Wilkinson HN, Guinn BA, Hardman MJ. Combined Metallomics/Transcriptomics Profiling Reveals a Major Role for Metals in Wound Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:788596. [PMID: 34917621 PMCID: PMC8669724 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.788596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous metals are required for all life, orchestrating the action of diverse cellular processes that are crucial for tissue function. The dynamic wound healing response is underpinned by a plethora of such cellular behaviours, occurring in a time-dependent manner. However, the importance of endogenous metals for cutaneous repair remains largely unexplored. Here we combine ICP-MS with tissue-level RNA-sequencing to reveal profound changes in a number of metals, and corresponding metal-regulated genes, across temporal healing in mice. Wound calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and manganese are elevated at 7 days post-wounding, while magnesium, iron, aluminium, manganese and cobalt increase at 14 days post-wounding. At the level of transcription, wound-induced pathways are independently highly enriched for metal-regulated genes, and vice versa. Moreover, specific metals are linked to distinct wound-induced biological processes and converge on key transcriptional regulators in mice and humans. Finally, we reveal a potential role for one newly identified transcriptional regulator, TNF, in calcium-induced epidermal differentiation. Together, these data highlight potential new and diverse roles for metals in cutaneous wound repair, paving the way for further studies to elucidate the contribution of metals to cellular processes in the repair of skin and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly N Wilkinson
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara-Ann Guinn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Hardman
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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14
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Kashgari G, Venkatesh S, Refuerzo S, Pham B, Bayat A, Klein RH, Ramos R, Ta AP, Plikus MV, Wang PH, Andersen B. GRHL3 activates FSCN1 to relax cell-cell adhesions between migrating keratinocytes during wound reepithelialization. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e142577. [PMID: 34494554 PMCID: PMC8492311 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The migrating keratinocyte wound front is required for skin wound closure. Despite significant advances in wound healing research, we do not fully understand the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate collective keratinocyte migration. Here, we show that, in the wound front, the epidermal transcription factor Grainyhead like-3 (GRHL3) mediates decreased expression of the adherens junction protein E-cadherin; this results in relaxed adhesions between suprabasal keratinocytes, thus promoting collective cell migration and wound closure. Wound fronts from mice lacking GRHL3 in epithelial cells (Grhl3-cKO) have lower expression of Fascin-1 (FSCN1), a known negative regulator of E-cadherin. Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) on wounded keratinocytes shows decreased wound-induced chromatin accessibility near the Fscn1 gene in Grhl3-cKO mice, a region enriched for GRHL3 motifs. These data reveal a wound-induced GRHL3/FSCN1/E-cadherin pathway that regulates keratinocyte-keratinocyte adhesion during wound-front migration; this pathway is activated in acute human wounds and is altered in diabetic wounds in mice, suggesting translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brandon Pham
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine
| | - Anita Bayat
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine
| | | | - Raul Ramos
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, and
| | - Albert Paul Ta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI), California, USA
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental & Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, and
| | - Ping H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI), California, USA
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI), California, USA
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15
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Durant F, Whited JL. Finding Solutions for Fibrosis: Understanding the Innate Mechanisms Used by Super-Regenerator Vertebrates to Combat Scarring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100407. [PMID: 34032013 PMCID: PMC8336523 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue fibrosis and cutaneous scarring represent massive clinical burdens to millions of patients per year and the therapeutic options available are currently quite limited. Despite what is known about the process of fibrosis in mammals, novel approaches for combating fibrosis and scarring are necessary. It is hypothesized that scarring has evolved as a solution to maximize healing speed to reduce fluid loss and infection. This hypothesis, however, is complicated by regenerative animals, which have arguably the most remarkable healing abilities and are capable of scar-free healing. This review explores the differences observed between adult mammalian healing that typically results in fibrosis versus healing in regenerative animals that heal scarlessly. Each stage of wound healing is surveyed in depth from the perspective of many regenerative and fibrotic healers so as to identify the most important molecular and physiological variances along the way to disparate injury repair outcomes. Understanding how these powerful model systems accomplish the feat of scar-free healing may provide critical therapeutic approaches to the treatment or prevention of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fallon Durant
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
| | - Jessica L. Whited
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
- The Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMA02138USA
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16
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Zhu HJ, Fan M, Gao W. Identification of potential hub genes associated with skin wound healing based on time course bioinformatic analyses. BMC Surg 2021; 21:303. [PMID: 34193119 PMCID: PMC8243612 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The skin is the largest organ of the body and has multiple functions. Wounds remain a significant healthcare problem due to the large number of traumatic and pathophysiological conditions patients suffer. Methods Gene expression profiles of 37 biopsies collected from patients undergoing split-thickness skin grafts at five different time points were downloaded from two datasets (GSE28914 and GSE50425) in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to classify samples into different phases. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway functional enrichment analyses were performed, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks created for each phase. Furthermore, based on the results of the PPI, hub genes in each phase were identified by molecular complex detection combined with the ClueGO algorithm. Results Using principal component analysis, the collected samples were divided into four phases, namely intact phase, acute wound phase, inflammatory and proliferation phase, and remodeling phase. Intact samples were used as control group. In the acute wound phase, a total of 1 upregulated and 100 downregulated DEGs were identified. Tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase Related Protein 1 (TYRP1) and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) were considered as hub genes and enriched in tyrosine metabolism which dominate the process of melanogenesis. In the inflammatory and proliferation phase, a total of 85 upregulated and 164 downregulated DEGs were identified. CHEK1, CCNB1 and CDK1 were considered as hub genes and enriched in cell cycle and P53 signaling pathway. In the remodeling phase, a total of 121 upregulated and 49 downregulated DEGs were identified. COL4A1, COL4A2, and COL6A1 were considered as hub genes and enriched in protein digestion and absorption, and ECM-receptor interaction. Conclusion This comprehensive bioinformatic re-analysis of GEO data provides new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of wound healing and the potential identification of therapeutic targets for the treatment of wounds. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12893-021-01298-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Zhu
- The 4th People's Hospital of Shenyang, No. 20 Huanghenan Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Meng Fan
- The 4th People's Hospital of Shenyang, No. 20 Huanghenan Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China
| | - Wei Gao
- The 4th People's Hospital of Shenyang, No. 20 Huanghenan Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110031, China.
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17
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Transcriptomic Analysis of a Diabetic Skin-Humanized Mouse Model Dissects Molecular Pathways Underlying the Delayed Wound Healing Response. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010047. [PMID: 33396192 PMCID: PMC7824036 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective healing leading to cutaneous ulcer formation is one of the most feared complications of diabetes due to its consequences on patients' quality of life and on the healthcare system. A more in-depth analysis of the underlying molecular pathophysiology is required to develop effective healing-promoting therapies for those patients. Major architectural and functional differences with human epidermis limit extrapolation of results coming from rodents and other small mammal-healing models. Therefore, the search for reliable humanized models has become mandatory. Previously, we developed a diabetes-induced delayed humanized wound healing model that faithfully recapitulated the major histological features of such skin repair-deficient condition. Herein, we present the results of a transcriptomic and functional enrichment analysis followed by a mechanistic analysis performed in such humanized wound healing model. The deregulation of genes implicated in functions such as angiogenesis, apoptosis, and inflammatory signaling processes were evidenced, confirming published data in diabetic patients that in fact might also underlie some of the histological features previously reported in the delayed skin-humanized healing model. Altogether, these molecular findings support the utility of such preclinical model as a valuable tool to gain insight into the molecular basis of the delayed diabetic healing with potential impact in the translational medicine field.
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18
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Ågren MS, Chafranska L, Eriksen JO, Forman JL, Bjerrum MJ, Schjerling P, Larsen HF, Cottarelli E, Jorgensen LN, Gjerdrum LMR. Spatial expression of metallothionein, matrix metalloproteinase-1 and Ki-67 in human epidermal wounds treated with zinc and determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry: A randomised double-blind trial. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 100:151147. [PMID: 33485703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Reepithelialisation is fundamental to wound healing, but our current understanding largely relies on cellular and animal studies. The aim of the present randomised double-blind three-arm controlled trial was to correlate genuine epidermal wound healing with key proteins and topical zinc treatment in humans. Sixty wounds were produced using deroofed suction blisters in 30 healthy volunteers and randomised to topical zinc sulphate (n = 20), placebo (n = 20), or control (n = 20) treatment for 4 days. All wounds with perilesional skin were processed for automatic immunostaining of paraffin tissue sections with monoclonal antibodies against Ki-67, metallothionein (MT) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1. Protein expression was quantified by automated digital image analysis. Epidermal Ki-67 and MT labelling indices were increased in keratinocytes in the neoepidermis (∼1.1 mm) and at the wound edge (0.5 mm) compared to normal skin. Increased MMP-1 immunostaining was restricted to the neoepidermis. MT was robustly upregulated in the upper dermis of the wounds. Zinc treatment enhanced MMP-1 expression beneath the neoepidermis via paracrine mechanisms and MT under the neoepidermis and in the nonepithelialised wound bed via direct actions of zinc as indicated by the induction of MT2A mRNA but not MMP-1 mRNA in cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts by zinc sulphate. The present human study demonstrates that quantitative immunohistochemistry can identify proteins involved in reepithelialisation and actions of external compounds. Increased dermal MT expression may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activities of zinc and increased MMP-1 levels to promote keratinocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus S Ågren
- Department of Dermatology and Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lana Chafranska
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Ole Eriksen
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Julie Lyng Forman
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten J Bjerrum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heidi F Larsen
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elena Cottarelli
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lars N Jorgensen
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Mette Rahbek Gjerdrum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
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19
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Alfonso García SL, Parada-Sanchez MT, Arboleda Toro D. The phenotype of gingival fibroblasts and their potential use in advanced therapies. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151123. [PMID: 33070040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapies in medicine use stem cells, gene editing, and tissues to treat a wide range of conditions. One of their goals is to stimulate endogenous repair of tissues and organs by manipulating stem cells and their niche, as well as to optimize the intrinsic characteristics and plasticity of differentiated cells in adult tissues. In this context, fibroblasts emerge as an alternative source to stem cells because they share phenotypic and regenerative characteristics. Specifically, fibroblasts of the oral mucosae have been shown to have improved regenerative capacity compared to other fibroblast populations. Additionally, their easy access by means of minimally invasive procedures without generating aesthetic problems, with easy and rapid in vitro expansion and with great capacity to respond to extrinsic factors, make oral fibroblasts an attractive and interesting resource for regenerative medicine. This review summarizes current concepts regarding the phenotypic and functional aspects of human Gingival Fibroblasts and their niche, differentiating them from other fibroblast populations of oral-lining mucosa and skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, some applications are presented in regenerative medicine, emphasizing on the biological potential of human Gingival Fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Liliana Alfonso García
- Department of Integrated Basic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia; Department of Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 111311, Colombia.
| | | | - David Arboleda Toro
- Department of Integrated Basic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
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20
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Nguyen TN, Rajapakshe K, Nicholas C, Tordesillas L, Ehli EA, Davis CM, Coarfa C, Flores ER, Dickinson SE, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, Tsai KY. Integrative transcriptomic analysis for linking acute stress responses to squamous cell carcinoma development. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17209. [PMID: 33057049 PMCID: PMC7560606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) is the second most common skin cancer and commonly arises in chronically UV-exposed skin or chronic wounds. Since UV exposure and chronic wounds are the two most prominent environmental factors that lead to cuSCC initiation, we undertook this study to test whether more acute molecular responses to UV and wounding overlapped with molecular signatures of cuSCC. We reasoned that transcriptional signatures in common between acutely UV-exposed skin, wounded skin, and cuSCC tumors, might enable us to identify important pathways contributing to cuSCC. We performed transcriptomic analysis on acutely UV-exposed human skin and integrated those findings with datasets from wounded skin and our transcriptomic data on cuSCC using functional pair analysis, GSEA, and pathway analysis. Integrated analyses revealed significant overlap between these three datasets, thus highlighting deep molecular similarities these biological processes, and we identified Oncostatin M (OSM) as a potential common upstream driver. Expression of OSM and its downstream targets correlated with poorer overall survival in head and neck SCC patients. In vitro, OSM promoted invasiveness of keratinocytes and cuSCC cells and suppressed apoptosis of irradiated keratinocytes. Together, these results support the concept of using an integrated, biologically-informed approach to identify potential promoters of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran N Nguyen
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Vingroup Big Data Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Courtney Nicholas
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Leticia Tordesillas
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Erik A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | | | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Donald A. Adam Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center of Excellence, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Sally E Dickinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Donald A. Adam Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center of Excellence, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr, SRB-4, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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21
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Stone RC, Stojadinovic O, Sawaya AP, Glinos GD, Lindley LE, Pastar I, Badiavas E, Tomic-Canic M. A bioengineered living cell construct activates metallothionein/zinc/MMP8 and inhibits TGFβ to stimulate remodeling of fibrotic venous leg ulcers. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 28:164-176. [PMID: 31674093 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Venous leg ulcers (VLU) represent a major clinical unmet need, impairing quality of life for millions worldwide. The bioengineered bilayered living cell construct (BLCC) is the only FDA-approved therapy demonstrating efficacy in healing chronic VLU, yet its in vivo mechanisms of action are not well understood. Previously, we reported a BLCC-mediated acute wounding response at the ulcer edge; in this study we elucidated the BLCC-specific effects on the epidermis-free ulcer bed. We conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01327937) enrolling 30 subjects with nonhealing VLUs, and performed genotyping, genomic profiling, and functional analysis on wound bed biopsies obtained at baseline and 1 week after treatment with BLCC plus compression or compression therapy (control). The VLU bed transcriptome featured processes of chronic inflammation and was strikingly enriched for fibrotic/fibrogenic pathways and gene networks. BLCC application decreased expression of profibrotic TGFß1 gene targets and increased levels of TGFß inhibitor decorin. Surprisingly, BLCC upregulated metallothioneins and fibroblast-derived MMP8 collagenase, and promoted endogenous release of MMP-activating zinc to stimulate antifibrotic remodeling, a novel mechanism of cutaneous wound healing. By activating a remodeling program in the quiescent VLU bed, BLCC application shifts nonhealing to healing phenotype. As VLU bed fibrosis correlates with poor clinical healing, findings from this study identify the chronic VLU as a fibrotic skin disease and are first to support the development and application of antifibrotic therapies as a successful treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka C Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,The Research Residency Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Olivera Stojadinovic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Andrew P Sawaya
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - George D Glinos
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Linsey E Lindley
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Evangelos Badiavas
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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22
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Öktem EK, Yazar M, Gulfidan G, Arga KY. Cancer Drug Repositioning by Comparison of Gene Expression in Humans and Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) During Wound Healing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:389-405. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kubat Öktem
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Yazar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gulfidan
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Eckhart L, Ehrlich F, Tschachler E. A Stress Response Program at the Origin of Evolutionary Innovation in the Skin. Evol Bioinform Online 2019; 15:1176934319862246. [PMID: 31322629 PMCID: PMC6610402 DOI: 10.1177/1176934319862246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin epithelium, ie, the epidermis, of dolphins and whales (cetaceans) is up
to 50 times thicker than that of humans and other mammals living on land.
Recently, comparative genomics revealed further striking differences in the
cytoskeleton of the outer layers of the epidermis in aquatic and terrestrial
mammals. Cetaceans lack the cytoskeletal keratins, which make up more than half
of the total protein mass in the cornified epidermal layer of terrestrial
mammals under homeostatic conditions. By contrast, orthologs of stress-inducible
epithelial keratins are conserved in cetaceans and these keratins are
constitutively expressed in their skin. Thus, the epidermal stress response
program of a terrestrial common ancestor of modern mammals has become the
default program of epidermal differentiation and a central component of the
unique cutaneous organization of cetaceans. We propose that phenotypic
plasticity during stress responses plays important roles in the evolution of the
skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Ehrlich
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Sun H, Chen L, Cao S, Liang Y, Xu Y. Warburg Effects in Cancer and Normal Proliferating Cells: Two Tales of the Same Name. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2019; 17:273-286. [PMID: 31071451 PMCID: PMC6818181 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been observed that both cancer tissue cells and normal proliferating cells (NPCs) have the Warburg effect. Our goal here is to demonstrate that they do this for different reasons. To accomplish this, we have analyzed the transcriptomic data of over 7000 cancer and control tissues of 14 cancer types in TCGA and data of five NPC types in GEO. Our analyses reveal that NPCs accumulate large quantities of ATPs produced by the respiration process before starting the Warburg effect, to raise the intracellular pH from ∼6.8 to ∼7.2 and to prepare for cell division energetically. Once cell cycle starts, the cells start to rely on glycolysis for ATP generation followed by ATP hydrolysis and lactic acid release, to maintain the elevated intracellular pH as needed by cell division since together the three processes are pH neutral. The cells go back to the normal respiration-based ATP production once the cell division phase ends. In comparison, cancer cells have reached their intracellular pH at ∼7.4 from top down as multiple acid-loading transporters are up-regulated and most acid-extruding ones except for lactic acid exporters are repressed. Cancer cells use continuous glycolysis for ATP production as way to acidify the intracellular space since the lactic acid secretion is decoupled from glycolysis-based ATP generation and is pH balanced by increased expressions of acid-loading transporters. Co-expression analyses suggest that lactic acid secretion is regulated by external, non-pH related signals. Overall, our data strongly suggest that the two cell types have the Warburg effect for very different reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Sun
- The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Sha Cao
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yanchun Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Zhuhai Laboratory of MOE Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China
| | - Ying Xu
- The China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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25
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Chen JP, Pang W, Zhao ZW, Bi YH, Chen XW. Transcription profiles of skin and head kidney from goldfish suffering hemorrhagic septicemia with an emphasis on the TLR signaling pathway. Zool Res 2019; 40:337-342. [PMID: 31033261 PMCID: PMC6680128 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic septicemia is an acute, highly fatal disease that affects goldfish (Carassius auratus). To gain a better understanding of related immune genes, the transcriptomes of the skin and head kidney of goldfish suffering hemorrhagic septicemia were sequenced, assembled, and characterized. Based on functional annotation, an extensive and diverse catalog of expressed genes were identified in both the skin and head kidney. As two different organs, pair-wise comparison identified 122/77 unigenes up/down-regulated (two-fold change with P<0.05) in the skin and head kidney. Most genes of the immune pathways were expressed and isolated in both skin and head kidney, including interferon (IFN) transcription factors 1-10 and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a key IFN transcription factor, was up-regulated at the transcriptional level by polyriboinosinic: polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) challenge and regulated the IFN response by increasing the activity of IFN-β and IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE)-containing promoter. This study will benefit the identification and understanding of novel genes that play important roles in the immunological reactions of fish suffering from hemorrhagic septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Peng Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wei Pang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yan-Hui Bi
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China.,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201306, China
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26
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Kloc M, Ghobrial RM, Wosik J, Lewicka A, Lewicki S, Kubiak JZ. Macrophage functions in wound healing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 13:99-109. [PMID: 30445662 DOI: 10.1002/term.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in regeneration and consecutive phases of wound healing. In this review, we summarise current knowledge on the ontogeny, origin, phenotypical heterogeneity, and functional exchangeability of macrophages participating in these processes. We also describe the genetic, pharmacologic, and bioengineering methods for manipulation of macrophage phenotype and functions and their potential for development of the novel, clinically applicable therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- Immunobiology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rafik M Ghobrial
- Immunobiology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jarek Wosik
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aneta Lewicka
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland.,Cell Cycle Group, Faculty of Medicine, Univ Rennes, UMR 6290, CNRS, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Rennes, France
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27
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Gao X, Petricoin EF, Ward KR, Goldberg SR, Duane TM, Bonchev D, Arodz T, Diegelmann RF. Network proteomics of human dermal wound healing. Physiol Meas 2018; 39:124002. [PMID: 30524050 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aaee19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The healing of wounds is critical in protecting the human body against environmental factors. The mechanisms involving protein expression during this complex physiological process have not been fully elucidated. APPROACH Here, we use reverse-phase protein microarrays (RPPA) involving 94 phosphoproteins to study tissue samples from tubes implanted in healing dermal wounds in seven human subjects tracked over two weeks. We compare the proteomic profiles to proteomes of controls obtained from skin biopsies from the same subjects. MAIN RESULTS Compared to previous proteomic studies of wound healing, our approach focuses on wound tissue instead of wound fluid, and has the sensitivity to go beyond measuring only highly abundant proteins. To study the temporal dynamics of networks involved in wound healing, we applied two network analysis methods that integrate the experimental results with prior knowledge about protein-protein physical and regulatory interactions, as well as higher-level biological processes and associated pathways. SIGNIFICANCE We uncovered densely connected networks of proteins that are up- or down-regulated during human wound healing, as well as their relationships to microRNAs and to proteins outside of our set of targets that we measured with proteomic microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gao
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
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28
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Nuutila K, Yang L, Broomhead M, Proppe K, Eriksson E. Novel negative pressure wound therapy device without foam or gauze is effective at −50 mmHg. Wound Repair Regen 2018; 27:162-169. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lu Yang
- Applied Tissue Technologies LLC; Hingham Massachusetts
| | | | - Karl Proppe
- Applied Tissue Technologies LLC; Hingham Massachusetts
| | - Elof Eriksson
- Applied Tissue Technologies LLC; Hingham Massachusetts
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29
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Nishiguchi MA, Spencer CA, Leung DH, Leung TH. Aging Suppresses Skin-Derived Circulating SDF1 to Promote Full-Thickness Tissue Regeneration. Cell Rep 2018; 24:3383-3392.e5. [PMID: 30257200 PMCID: PMC6261459 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physicians have observed that surgical wounds in the elderly heal with thinner scars than wounds in young patients. Understanding this phenomenon may reveal strategies for promoting scarless wound repair. We show that full-thickness skin wounds in aged but not young mice fully regenerate. Exposure of aged animals to blood from young mice by parabiosis counteracts this regenerative capacity. The secreted factor, stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF1), is expressed at higher levels in wounded skin of young mice. Genetic deletion of SDF1 in young skin enhanced tissue regeneration. In aged mice, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation are recruited to the SDF1 promoter at higher levels, and pharmacologic inhibition of EZH2 restores SDF1 induction and prevents tissue regeneration. Similar age-dependent EZH2-mediated SDF1 suppression occurs in human skin. Our findings counter the current dogma that tissue function invariably declines with age and suggest new therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailyn A Nishiguchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Casey A Spencer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Denis H Leung
- School of Economics, Singapore Management University, Singapore 188065, Singapore
| | - Thomas H Leung
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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30
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Muliaditan T, Caron J, Okesola M, Opzoomer JW, Kosti P, Georgouli M, Gordon P, Lall S, Kuzeva DM, Pedro L, Shields JD, Gillett CE, Diebold SS, Sanz-Moreno V, Ng T, Hoste E, Arnold JN. Macrophages are exploited from an innate wound healing response to facilitate cancer metastasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2951. [PMID: 30054470 PMCID: PMC6063977 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumour progression, which is facilitated by their ability to respond to environmental cues. Here we report, using murine models of breast cancer, that TAMs expressing fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) and haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which are also found in human breast cancer, represent a macrophage phenotype similar to that observed during the wound healing response. Importantly, the expression of a wound-like cytokine response within the tumour is clinically associated with poor prognosis in a variety of cancers. We show that co-expression of FAP and HO-1 in macrophages results from an innate early regenerative response driven by IL-6, which both directly regulates HO-1 expression and licenses FAP expression in a skin-like collagen-rich environment. We show that tumours can exploit this response to facilitate transendothelial migration and metastatic spread of the disease, which can be pharmacologically targeted using a clinically relevant HO-1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Muliaditan
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jonathan Caron
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mary Okesola
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - James W Opzoomer
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Paris Kosti
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mirella Georgouli
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Peter Gordon
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sharanpreet Lall
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Desislava M Kuzeva
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Luisa Pedro
- Medical Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Jacqueline D Shields
- Medical Research Council Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/Medical Research Council Research Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Cheryl E Gillett
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Sandra S Diebold
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumour Plasticity Laboratory, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tony Ng
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Esther Hoste
- Unit for Cellular and Molecular Pathophysiology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, B-9052, Ghent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - James N Arnold
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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31
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Pastar I, Wong LL, Egger AN, Tomic-Canic M. Descriptive vs mechanistic scientific approach to study wound healing and its inhibition: Is there a value of translational research involving human subjects? Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:551-562. [PMID: 29660181 PMCID: PMC6374114 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The clinical field of wound healing is challenged by numerous hurdles. Not only are wound-healing disorders complex and multifactorial, but the corresponding patient population is diverse, often elderly and burdened by multiple comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The care of such patients requires a dedicated, multidisciplinary team of physicians, surgeons, nurses and scientists. In spite of the critical clinical need, it has been over 15 years since a treatment received approval for efficacy by the FDA in the United States. Among the reasons contributing to this lack of effective new treatment modalities is poor understanding of mechanisms that inhibit healing in patients. Additionally, preclinical models do not fully reflect the disease complexity of the human condition, which brings us to a paradox: if we are to use a "mechanistic" approach that favours animal models, we can dissect specific mechanisms using advanced genetic, molecular and cellular technologies, with the caveat that it may not be directly applicable to patients. Traditionally, scientific review panels, for either grant funding or manuscript publication purposes, favour such "mechanistic" approaches whereby human tissue analyses, deemed "descriptive" science, are characterized as a "fishing expedition" and are considered "fatally flawed." However, more emerging evidence supports the notion that the use of human samples provides significant new knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control wound healing and contribute to inhibition of the process in patients. Here, we discuss the advances, benefits and challenges of translational research in wound healing focusing on human subject research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School Of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lulu L Wong
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School Of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Andjela N Egger
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School Of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School Of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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32
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Fraser D, Mouton A, Serieys LEK, Cole S, Carver S, Vandewoude S, Lappin M, Riley SP, Wayne R. Genome‐wide expression reveals multiple systemic effects associated with detection of anticoagulant poisons in bobcats (
Lynx rufus
). Mol Ecol 2018; 27:1170-1187. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devaughn Fraser
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Alice Mouton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Laurel E. K. Serieys
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Steve Cole
- Department of Medicine University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Scott Carver
- School of Biological Sciences University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia
| | - Sue Vandewoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Michael Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Seth P.D. Riley
- National Park Service Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area Thousand Oaks CA USA
| | - Robert Wayne
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA
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33
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Kruse CR, Sakthivel D, Sinha I, Helm D, Sørensen JA, Eriksson E, Nuutila K. Evaluation of the efficacy of cell and micrograft transplantation for full-thickness wound healing. J Surg Res 2018; 227:35-43. [PMID: 29804860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin grafting is the current standard of care in the treatment of full-thickness burns and other wounds. It is sometimes associated with substantial problems, such as poor quality of the healed skin, scarring, and lack of donor-site skin in large burns. To overcome these problems, alternative techniques that could provide larger expansion of a skin graft have been introduced over the years. Particularly, different cell therapies and methods to further expand skin grafts to minimize the need for donor skin have been attempted. The purpose of this study was to objectively evaluate the efficacy of cell and micrograft transplantation in the healing of full-thickness wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Allogeneic cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts, separately and together, as well as autologous and allogeneic skin micrografts were transplanted to full-thickness rat wounds, and healing was studied over time. In addition, wound fluid was collected, and the level of various cytokines and growth factors in the wound after transplantation was measured. RESULTS Our results showed that both autologous and allogeneic micrografts were efficient treatment modalities for full-thickness wound healing. Allogeneic skin cell transplantation did not result in wound closure, and no viable cells were found in the wound 10 d after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that allogeneic micrografting is a possible treatment modality for full-thickness wound healing. The allografts stayed viable in the wound and contributed to both re-epithelialization and formation of dermis, whereas allogeneic skin cell transplantation did not result in wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Kruse
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Dharaniya Sakthivel
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas Helm
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jens A Sørensen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Kristo Nuutila
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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34
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35
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Stone RC, Stojadinovic O, Rosa AM, Ramirez HA, Badiavas E, Blumenberg M, Tomic-Canic M. A bioengineered living cell construct activates an acute wound healing response in venous leg ulcers. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/371/eaaf8611. [PMID: 28053158 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf8611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic nonhealing venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are widespread and debilitating, with high morbidity and associated costs; about $15 billion is spent annually on the care of VLUs in the United States. Despite this, there is a paucity of treatments for VLUs because of the lack of pathophysiologic insight into ulcer development as well as the lack of knowledge regarding biologic actions of existing VLU-targeted therapies. The bioengineered bilayered living cellular construct (BLCC) skin substitute is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved biologic treatment for healing VLUs. To elucidate the mechanisms through which the BLCC promotes healing of chronic VLUs, we conducted a clinical trial (NCT01327937) in which patients with nonhealing VLUs were treated with either standard of care (compression therapy) or the BLCC together with standard of care. Tissue was collected from the VLU edge before and 1 week after treatment, and the samples underwent comprehensive microarray mRNA and protein analyses. Ulcers treated with the BLCC skin substitute displayed three distinct transcriptomic patterns, suggesting that BLCC induced a shift from a nonhealing to a healing tissue response, involving modulation of inflammatory and growth factor signaling, keratinocyte activation, and attenuation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In these ways, BLCC application orchestrated a shift from the chronic nonhealing ulcer microenvironment to a distinctive healing milieu resembling that of an acute, healing wound. Our findings provide in vivo evidence in VLU patients of pathways that can be targeted in the design of new therapies to promote healing of chronic VLUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivka C Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Research Residency Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Olivera Stojadinovic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ashley M Rosa
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Horacio A Ramirez
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Human Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Evangelos Badiavas
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Miroslav Blumenberg
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10012, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA. .,Human Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.,John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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36
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Nijsten M, Lindford A, Vuola J, Kankuri E. The fractal lightning burn results from a positively charged strike : Discussion on "Resuscitated unconscious male: Lichtenberg's sign lighting the way". Intensive Care Med 2017; 43:1167-1168. [PMID: 28508137 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-4816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Nijsten
- Department of Critical Care, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andrew Lindford
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki Burn Centre, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), Topeliuksenkatu 5, P.O. Box 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki Burn Centre, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), Topeliuksenkatu 5, P.O. Box 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Shih BB, Nirmal AJ, Headon DJ, Akbar AN, Mabbott NA, Freeman TC. Derivation of marker gene signatures from human skin and their use in the interpretation of the transcriptional changes associated with dermatological disorders. J Pathol 2017; 241:600-613. [PMID: 28008606 PMCID: PMC5363360 DOI: 10.1002/path.4864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have explored the altered transcriptional landscape associated with skin diseases to understand the nature of these disorders. However, data interpretation represents a significant challenge due to a lack of good maker sets for many of the specialized cell types that make up this tissue, whose composition may fundamentally alter during disease. Here we have sought to derive expression signatures that define the various cell types and structures that make up human skin, and demonstrate how they can be used to aid the interpretation of transcriptomic data derived from this organ. Two large normal skin transcriptomic datasets were identified, one RNA-seq (n = 578), the other microarray (n = 165), quality controlled and subjected separately to network-based analyses to identify clusters of robustly co-expressed genes. The biological significance of these clusters was then assigned using a combination of bioinformatics analyses, literature, and expert review. After cross comparison between analyses, 20 gene signatures were defined. These included expression signatures for hair follicles, glands (sebaceous, sweat, apocrine), keratinocytes, melanocytes, endothelia, muscle, adipocytes, immune cells, and a number of pathway systems. Collectively, we have named this resource SkinSig. SkinSig was then used in the analysis of transcriptomic datasets for 18 skin conditions, providing in-context interpretation of these data. For instance, conventional analysis has shown there to be a decrease in keratinization and fatty metabolism with age; we more accurately define these changes to be due to loss of hair follicles and sebaceous glands. SkinSig also highlighted the over-/under-representation of various cell types in skin diseases, reflecting an influx in immune cells in inflammatory disorders and a relative reduction in other cell types. Overall, our analyses demonstrate the value of this new resource in defining the functional profile of skin cell types and appendages, and in improving the interpretation of disease data. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara B Shih
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter BushMidlothianEdinburghEH25 9RGUK
| | - Ajit J Nirmal
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter BushMidlothianEdinburghEH25 9RGUK
| | - Denis J Headon
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter BushMidlothianEdinburghEH25 9RGUK
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College London90 Gower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter BushMidlothianEdinburghEH25 9RGUK
| | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of Edinburgh, Easter BushMidlothianEdinburghEH25 9RGUK
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38
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Wang Y, Tatakis DN. Human gingiva transcriptome during wound healing. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:394-402. [PMID: 28005267 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the gene expression profile of human gingiva following surgical wounding. METHODS Ten volunteers had one side of the palate wounded. Five days later, biopsies were harvested from both wounded (healing gingiva) and contra-lateral site (normal gingiva). Tissue samples were processed for gene expression (RNA-Seq, real-time PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Gene set enrichment/pathway analysis was also performed. RESULTS Seven hundred genes were significantly differentially expressed in healing gingiva. Among genes with >twofold change (FC) in expression, 399 genes were up-regulated and 88 down-regulated, several not previously reported expressed in gingiva. Most increased in expression (≥30-FC) were MMP1, CCL18, SPP1, MUC21, CTHRC1, MMP10, and SERPINE1; most decreased (≥7-FC) were COCH, SIAH3, MT4, IGFL3, KY, and SYT16. Real-time PCR confirmed significantly changed mRNA levels for selective genes tested. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed several significantly enriched biological pathways. Immunohistochemistry confirmed protein expression of MUC21, CTHRC1, CTGF, and SYT16 in normal and healing gingiva. CONCLUSIONS This first comprehensive analysis of the human gingival transcriptome during surgical wound healing offers novel insights into the participating molecular and biological mechanisms. The present results could serve as basis for future investigations into gingival wound healing following surgical, traumatic, or other type of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dimitris N Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Erickson JR, Gearhart MD, Honson DD, Reid TA, Gardner MK, Moriarity BS, Echeverri K. A novel role for SALL4 during scar-free wound healing in axolotl. NPJ Regen Med 2016; 1. [PMID: 28955504 PMCID: PMC5612448 DOI: 10.1038/npjregenmed.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human response to serious cutaneous damage is limited to relatively primitive wound healing, whereby collagenous scar tissue fills the wound bed. Scars assure structural integrity at the expense of functional regeneration. In contrast, axolotls have the remarkable capacity to functionally regenerate full thickness wounds. Here, we identified a novel role for SALL4 in regulating collagen transcription after injury that is essential for perfect skin regeneration in axolotl. Furthermore, we identify miR-219 as a molecular regulator of Sall4 during wound healing. Taken together, our work highlights one molecular mechanism that allows for efficient cutaneous wound healing in the axolotl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jami R Erickson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Micah D Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Drew D Honson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Taylor A Reid
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Melissa K Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Branden S Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN USA
| | - Karen Echeverri
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
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40
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Kruse CR, Singh M, Sørensen JA, Eriksson E, Nuutila K. The effect of local hyperglycemia on skin cells in vitro and on wound healing in euglycemic rats. J Surg Res 2016; 206:418-426. [PMID: 27884338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple previous studies have established that high systemic blood glucose concentration impairs skin wound healing. However, the effects of local hyperglycemia on wound healing are not well defined. Comprehensive animal studies and in vitro studies using both fibroblasts and keratinocytes are lacking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from discarded human tissue, cultured under different concentrations of glucose, and the effect on cell function was examined. In addition, a rat full-thickness wound model was used to topically treat the wounds with different glucose concentrations and the effect on wound closure and re-epithelialization was investigated over time. RESULTS The cell viability experiments indicated that both keratinocytes and fibroblasts endure high glucose well and concentrations under 26 mM did not have a remarkable effect on their viability over time. Moderate addition of glucose (10 mM) boosted fibroblast proliferation (6-fold) but did not have an effect on keratinocyte proliferation. In both keratinocytes and fibroblasts, glucose inhibited their migration and already the addition of 5.6-mM glucose had an inhibitory effect. In vivo experiments showed that full-thickness wounds treated with topical glucose had impaired wound closure and lower re-epithelialization rate in comparison to nontreated control wounds. The results also showed that higher glucose concentrations inhibited wound healing more efficiently. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study indicates that high glucose inhibits both keratinocyte and fibroblast migration as well as wound healing in vivo in a concentration dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla R Kruse
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mansher Singh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jens A Sørensen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elof Eriksson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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41
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Wilhelm KP, Wilhelm D, Bielfeldt S. Models of wound healing: an emphasis on clinical studies. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:3-12. [PMID: 27503009 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healing of wounds has always provided challenges for the medical community whether chronic or acute. Understanding the processes which enable wounds to heal is primarily carried out by the use of models, in vitro, animal and human. It is generally accepted that the use of human models offers the best opportunity to understand the factors that influence wound healing as well as to evaluate efficacy of treatments applied to wounds. OBJECTIVES The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the different methodologies that are currently used to experimentally induce wounds of various depths in human volunteers and examines the information that may be gained from them. METHODS There is a number of human volunteer healing models available varying in their invasiveness to reflect the different possible depth levels of wounds. RESULTS Currently available wound healing models include sequential tape stripping, suction blister, abrasion, laser, dermatome, and biopsy techniques. The various techniques can be utilized to induce wounds of variable depth, from removing solely the stratum corneum barrier, the epidermis to even split-thickness or full thickness wounds. CONCLUSION Depending on the study objective, a number of models exist to study wound healing in humans. These models provide efficient and reliable results to evaluate treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-P Wilhelm
- proDERM Institute for Applied Dermatological Research, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany.,Lübeck University, Lübeck, Germany
| | - D Wilhelm
- proDERM Institute for Applied Dermatological Research, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Bielfeldt
- proDERM Institute for Applied Dermatological Research, Schenefeld/Hamburg, Germany
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42
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Anderson AE, Galko MJ. Will the wound-healing field earn its wings? Exp Dermatol 2016; 23:809-10. [PMID: 25040854 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In a recently published issue of Experimental Dermatology, Dr. Nuria Paricio and colleagues review recent advances using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a wound-healing model. They describe many of the advantages of the fly model for gene discovery and functional analysis, highlighting its particular strengths and limitations for studies of wound healing. This commentary assumes that dermatologist-scientists and fly wound-healing researchers share a common field-wide goal of discovering all of the clinically relevant wound-healing genes and understanding in molecular detail how those genes work. We ask: how can we cooperate to achieve this shared goal?
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee E Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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43
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S100A8/A9 is an important host defence mediator in neuropathic foot ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:347-55. [PMID: 27084691 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds and in particular diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a growing clinical challenge, but the underlying molecular pathophysiological mechanisms are unclear. Recently, we reported reduced levels of the immunomodulating and antimicrobial S100A8/A9 in non-healing venous leg ulcers (VLUs), while another study found increased S100A8/A9 in DFUs. To clarify these apparently contradictory findings, we compared S100A8/A9 as well as an inducer, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and selected innate immune response mediators in wound fluids from non-healing DFUs and VLUs with healing wounds. Wound fluids were collected from neuropathic DFUs (n = 6) and VLUs (n = 9) of median 2-year duration, and split-thickness skin graft donor site wounds (n = 10) by standardized method. None of the patients had ischaemic extremities or clinically infected wounds. LPS was determined by limulus amoebocyte lysate test, and S100A8/A9, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin (IL)-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by immunospecific quantitative assays. LPS levels were median 8.7 (interquartile range 5.4-21.2) ng/ml in DFUs compared with 121 (22-2000) ng/ml in VLUs. S100A8/A9 was higher (p = 0.020) in DFUs [718 (634-811) µg/ml] than in VLUs [303 (252-533) µg/ml]. Neither G-CSF nor IL-10 wound fluid levels differed significantly between the chronic wound groups. VEGF levels correlated with LPS (r = 0.758, p = 0.011, n = 10) and were higher (p = 0.024) in VLU wound fluids. LPS (p < 0.0001), S100A8/A9 (p = 0.005), G-CSF (p = 0.003), IL-10 (p = 0.003) and VEGF (p = 0.005) were increased in chronic wound fluids combined compared with the sterile donor site wound fluids. The protein alterations in the wounds were not reflected in the patients' sera. Low S100A8/A9 levels may contribute to poor wound healing in colonized chronic wounds with striking difference between DFUs and VLUs.
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Jumper N, Hodgkinson T, Arscott G, Har-Shai Y, Paus R, Bayat A. The Aldo-Keto Reductase AKR1B10 Is Up-Regulated in Keloid Epidermis, Implicating Retinoic Acid Pathway Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Keloid Disease. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1500-1512. [PMID: 27025872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Keloid disease is a recurrent fibroproliferative cutaneous tumor of unknown pathogenesis for which clinical management remains unsatisfactory. To obtain new insights into hitherto underappreciated aspects of keloid pathobiology, we took a laser capture microdissection-based, whole-genome microarray analysis approach to identify distinct keloid disease-associated gene expression patterns within defined keloid regions. Identification of the aldo-keto reductase enzyme AKR1B10 as highly up-regulated in keloid epidermis suggested that an imbalance of retinoic acid metabolism is likely associated with keloid disease. Here, we show that AKR1B10 transfection into normal human keratinocytes reproduced the abnormal retinoic acid pathway expression pattern we had identified in keloid epidermis. Cotransfection of AKR1B10 with a luciferase reporter plasmid showed reduced retinoic acid response element activity, supporting the hypothesis of retinoic acid synthesis deficiency in keloid epidermis. Paracrine signals released by AKR1B10-overexpressing keratinocytes into conditioned medium resulted in up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β1, transforming growth factor-β2, and collagens I and III in both keloid and normal skin fibroblasts, mimicking the typical profibrotic keloid profile. Our study results suggest that insufficient retinoic acid synthesis by keloid epidermal keratinocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of keloid disease. We refocus attention on the role of injured epithelium in keloid disease and identify AKR1B10 as a potential new target in future management of keloid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Jumper
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tom Hodgkinson
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Guyan Arscott
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Yaron Har-Shai
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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45
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Tervaniemi MH, Katayama S, Skoog T, Siitonen HA, Vuola J, Nuutila K, Sormunen R, Johnsson A, Linnarsson S, Suomela S, Kankuri E, Kere J, Elomaa O. NOD-like receptor signaling and inflammasome-related pathways are highlighted in psoriatic epidermis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22745. [PMID: 26976200 PMCID: PMC4792137 DOI: 10.1038/srep22745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic skin differs distinctly from normal skin by its thickened epidermis. Most gene expression comparisons utilize full-thickness biopsies, with substantial amount of dermis. We assayed the transcriptomes of normal, lesional, and non-lesional psoriatic epidermis, sampled as split-thickness skin grafts, with 5′-end RNA sequencing. We found that psoriatic epidermis contains more mRNA per total RNA than controls, and took this into account in the bioinformatic analysis. The approach highlighted innate immunity-related pathways in psoriasis, including NOD-like receptor (NLR) signaling and inflammasome activation. We demonstrated that the NLR signaling genes NOD2, PYCARD, CARD6, and IFI16 are upregulated in psoriatic epidermis, and strengthened these findings by protein expression. Interestingly, PYCARD, the key component of the inflammasome, showed an altered expression pattern in the lesional epidermis. The profiling of non-lesional skin highlighted PSORS4 and mitochondrially encoded transcripts, suggesting that their gene expression is altered already before the development of lesions. Our data suggest that all components needed for the active inflammasome are present in the keratinocytes of psoriatic skin. The characterization of inflammasome pathways provides further opportunities for therapy. Complementing previous transcriptome studies, our approach gives deeper insight into the gene regulation in psoriatic epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari H Tervaniemi
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tiina Skoog
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - H Annika Siitonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Helsinki Burn Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Biocenter Oulu, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna Johnsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sari Suomela
- Department of Dermatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Outi Elomaa
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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46
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Svetlichnyy D, Imrichova H, Fiers M, Kalender Atak Z, Aerts S. Identification of High-Impact cis-Regulatory Mutations Using Transcription Factor Specific Random Forest Models. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004590. [PMID: 26562774 PMCID: PMC4642938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer genomes contain vast amounts of somatic mutations, many of which are passenger mutations not involved in oncogenesis. Whereas driver mutations in protein-coding genes can be distinguished from passenger mutations based on their recurrence, non-coding mutations are usually not recurrent at the same position. Therefore, it is still unclear how to identify cis-regulatory driver mutations, particularly when chromatin data from the same patient is not available, thus relying only on sequence and expression information. Here we use machine-learning methods to predict functional regulatory regions using sequence information alone, and compare the predicted activity of the mutated region with the reference sequence. This way we define the Predicted Regulatory Impact of a Mutation in an Enhancer (PRIME). We find that the recently identified driver mutation in the TAL1 enhancer has a high PRIME score, representing a “gain-of-target” for MYB, whereas the highly recurrent TERT promoter mutation has a surprisingly low PRIME score. We trained Random Forest models for 45 cancer-related transcription factors, and used these to score variations in the HeLa genome and somatic mutations across more than five hundred cancer genomes. Each model predicts only a small fraction of non-coding mutations with a potential impact on the function of the encompassing regulatory region. Nevertheless, as these few candidate driver mutations are often linked to gains in chromatin activity and gene expression, they may contribute to the oncogenic program by altering the expression levels of specific oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Precise regulation of gene expression is controlled by cis-regulatory modules (CRM) containing binding sites for transcription factors (TF). The genome-wide location of all TF binding sites can often be obtained by ChIP-seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing), yet in most cases only a minority of the binding peaks actually represent functional CRMs that control the transcription initiation of a bona fide TF target gene. Here, we investigated for 45 cancer-related TFs how machine-learning approaches can be used to predict functional TF target CRMs. After careful evaluation of their performance, we used these TF-target classifiers to predict which cis-regulatory mutations may have a significant impact on gene regulation by evaluating whether the mutation causes a significant gain or loss in the probability that the CRM is a functional TF target. We found that Random Forest classifiers can achieve more than 100-fold higher specificity for mutation prediction compared to the simple approaches based on scanning with position weight matrices. By scanning somatic mutations in breast cancer genomes and in the HeLa genome, we finally show that our TF-target classifiers can identify high impact non-coding mutations that are associated with concordant TF binding, gene expression changes and chromatin activity. In conclusion, TF-specific Random Forest classifiers can be used to prioritize cis-regulatory mutations in cancer genomes with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Svetlichnyy
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hana Imrichova
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Fiers
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zeynep Kalender Atak
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stein Aerts
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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47
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Katayama S, Skoog T, Jouhilahti EM, Siitonen HA, Nuutila K, Tervaniemi MH, Vuola J, Johnsson A, Lönnerberg P, Linnarsson S, Elomaa O, Kankuri E, Kere J. Gene expression analysis of skin grafts and cultured keratinocytes using synthetic RNA normalization reveals insights into differentiation and growth control. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:476. [PMID: 26108968 PMCID: PMC4480911 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Keratinocytes (KCs) are the most frequent cells in the epidermis, and they are often isolated and cultured in vitro to study the molecular biology of the skin. Cultured primary cells and various immortalized cells have been frequently used as skin models but their comparability to intact skin has been questioned. Moreover, when analyzing KC transcriptomes, fluctuation of polyA+ RNA content during the KCs’ lifecycle has been omitted. Results We performed STRT RNA sequencing on 10 ng samples of total RNA from three different sample types: i) epidermal tissue (split-thickness skin grafts), ii) cultured primary KCs, and iii) HaCaT cell line. We observed significant variation in cellular polyA+ RNA content between tissue and cell culture samples of KCs. The use of synthetic RNAs and SAMstrt in normalization enabled comparison of gene expression levels in the highly heterogenous samples and facilitated discovery of differences between the tissue samples and cultured cells. The transcriptome analysis sensitively revealed genes involved in KC differentiation in skin grafts and cell cycle regulation related genes in cultured KCs and emphasized the fluctuation of transcription factors and non-coding RNAs associated to sample types. Conclusions The epidermal keratinocytes derived from tissue and cell culture samples showed highly different polyA+ RNA contents. The use of SAMstrt and synthetic RNA based normalization allowed the comparison between tissue and cell culture samples and thus proved to be valuable tools for RNA-seq analysis with translational approach. Transciptomics revealed clear difference both between tissue and cell culture samples and between primary KCs and immortalized HaCaT cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1671-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute and Center for Innovative Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Tiina Skoog
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute and Center for Innovative Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Eeva-Mari Jouhilahti
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute and Center for Innovative Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - H Annika Siitonen
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kristo Nuutila
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mari H Tervaniemi
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Helsinki Burn Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anna Johnsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Lönnerberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Outi Elomaa
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute and Center for Innovative Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden.
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48
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Van Dolah FM, Neely MG, McGeorge LE, Balmer BC, Ylitalo GM, Zolman ES, Speakman T, Sinclair C, Kellar NM, Rosel PE, Mullin KD, Schwacke LH. Seasonal variation in the skin transcriptome of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the northern Gulf of Mexico. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130934. [PMID: 26110790 PMCID: PMC4482424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As long-lived predators that integrate exposures across multiple trophic levels, cetaceans are recognized as sentinels for the health of marine ecosystems. Their utility as sentinels requires the establishment of baseline health parameters. Because cetaceans are protected, measurements obtained with minimal disruption to free ranging animals are highly desirable. In this study we investigated the utility of skin gene expression profiling to monitor health and contaminant exposure in common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Remote integument biopsies were collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico prior to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill (May 2010) and during summer and winter for two years following oil contamination (2010-2011). A bottlenose dolphin microarray was used to characterize the skin transcriptomes of 94 individuals from three populations: Barataria Bay, Louisiana, Chandeleur Sound, Louisiana, and Mississippi Sound, Mississippi/Alabama. Skin transcriptomes did not differ significantly between populations. In contrast, season had a profound effect on gene expression, with nearly one-third of all genes on the array differing in expression between winter and the warmer seasons (moderated T-test; p<0.01, fold-change≥1.5). Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blubber changed concurrently, reaching >two-fold higher concentrations in summer compared to winter, due to a seasonal decrease in blubber thickness and loss of stored lipid. However, global gene expression did not correlate strongly with seasonally changing contaminant concentrations, most likely because the refractory, lipid-stored metabolites are not substrates for phase I or II xenobiotic detoxification pathways. Rather, processes related to cell proliferation, motility, and differentiation dominated the differences in expression in winter and the warmer seasons. More subtle differences were seen between spring and summer (1.5% of genes differentially expressed). However, two presumed oil-exposed animals from spring presented gene expression profiles more similar to the summer animals (presumed exposed) than to other spring animals. Seasonal effects have not previously been considered in studies assessing gene expression in cetaceans, but clearly must be taken into account when applying transcriptomic analyses to investigate their contaminant exposure or health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Van Dolah
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marion G Neely
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lauren E McGeorge
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brian C Balmer
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eric S Zolman
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Todd Speakman
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carrie Sinclair
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Nicholas M Kellar
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia E Rosel
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Keith D Mullin
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pascagoula, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Lori H Schwacke
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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49
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Biggs LC, Goudy SL, Dunnwald M. Palatogenesis and cutaneous repair: A two-headed coin. Dev Dyn 2014; 244:289-310. [PMID: 25370680 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reparative mechanism that operates following post-natal cutaneous injury is a fundamental survival function that requires a well-orchestrated series of molecular and cellular events. At the end, the body will have closed the hole using processes like cellular proliferation, migration, differentiation and fusion. RESULTS These processes are similar to those occurring during embryogenesis and tissue morphogenesis. Palatogenesis, the formation of the palate from two independent palatal shelves growing towards each other and fusing, intuitively, shares many similarities with the closure of a cutaneous wound from the two migrating epithelial fronts. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize the current information on cutaneous development, wound healing, palatogenesis and orofacial clefting and propose that orofacial clefting and wound healing are conserved processes that share common pathways and gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Biggs
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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50
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Neumann C, Bigliardi-Qi M, Widmann C, Bigliardi PL. The δ-opioid receptor affects epidermal homeostasis via ERK-dependent inhibition of transcription factor POU2F3. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:471-480. [PMID: 25178105 PMCID: PMC4291683 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides and their receptors are present in human skin, and their importance for cutaneous homeostasis and during wound healing is increasingly appreciated. However, there is currently a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which their signaling modulates keratinocyte function. Here, we show that δ-opioid receptor (DOPr) activation inhibits proliferation of human keratinocytes, resulting in decreased epidermal thickness in an organotypic skin model. DOPr signaling markedly delayed induction of keratin intermediate filament (KRT10) during in vitro differentiation and abolished its induction in the organotypic skin model. This was accompanied by deregulation of involucrin (IVL), loricrin, and filaggrin. Analysis of the transcription factor POU2F3, which is involved in regulation of KRT10, IVL, and profilaggrin expression, revealed a DOPr-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent downregulation of this factor. We propose that DOPr signaling specifically activates the ERK 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway to regulate keratinocyte functions. Complementing our earlier studies in DOPr-deficient mice, these data suggest that DOPr activation in human keratinocytes profoundly influences epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Neumann
- Experimental Dermatology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore; Doctoral School Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Dorigny, Switzerland; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Mei Bigliardi-Qi
- Experimental Dermatology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore.
| | - Christian Widmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul L Bigliardi
- Experimental Dermatology Laboratory, Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore; Division of Rheumatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore.
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