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Bidzan-Wiącek M, Błażek M, Antosiewicz J. The relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms in males: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104145. [PMID: 38245936 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of depressive symptoms (DS) among physically active individuals tends to be lower compared to sedentary controls. This association seems to be moderated by gender and level of physical activity (PA). The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between PA and DS in males based on different levels of PA. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted following the PRISMA Statement for Systematic Reviews. The literature search was conducted from January 1, 2003 to February 20, 2023. Cross-sectional and cohort studies including male participants aged 18 years or older were included in the analysis. Evidence from selected studies was synthesised as differences between odds ratios to assess whether DS were exhibited among those who were engaged in low, moderate, and high PA via random-effects meta-analyses. This study is registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42023417219. RESULTS Out of 1737 records identified, 5 eligible studies were included with a total of 35,811 participants. Results indicated significant effects of moderate PA on DS (OR = 0.68; 95 % C.I. 0.50-0.93). No effect of low and high PA on DS was found (OR = 0.79; 95 % C.I. 0.52-1.20 and OR = 0.78; 95 % C.I. 0.47-1.30). CONCLUSION Males who engage in moderate PA present lower prevalence of DS compared to no-PA reference. Such associations were not found for low or high PA. Hence, mental health benefits of PA could possibly be achieved at appropriate levels of PA. High heterogeneity between the studies should be considered when interpreting the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bidzan-Wiącek
- Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Błażek
- Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Antosiewicz
- Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Park JH, Lim NK, Park HY. Sex-based differences in the association of leisure-time physical activity with the risk of depression: the Ansan and Ansung study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Front Public Health 2023; 11:1176879. [PMID: 37397713 PMCID: PMC10311255 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1176879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Depression is a serious mental disorder which is the leading cause of suicide. This study investigated the association between incident depression and 4-year leisure-time physical activity (PA) levels and/or resistance training (RT). Methods This community-based Korean cohort included 3,967 participants without depression at baseline. The average PA-time (the total duration of moderate-intensity leisure-time PA) up to 4 years prior to baseline enrollment was calculated to evaluate the cumulative levels of PA. Participants were divided into four groups based on their average PA-time: "Non-PA," " <150 min/week," "150-299 min/week," and "≥300 min/week." Furthermore, based on compliance to PA guidelines (≥150 min/week of PA-time) and participation in RT, the participants were categorized into four subgroups: "Low-PA," "Low-PA+RT," "High-PA," and "High-PA+RT." A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the 4-year incidence of depression according to leisure-time PA levels and/or regularity of RT. Results During the mean 3.72 ± 0.69 years of follow-up, 432 participants (10.89%) developed depression. In women, performing 150-299 min/week of moderate-intensity leisure-time PA was associated with a 38% risk reduction for incident depression (HR, 0.62; CI, 0.43-0.89; p < 0.05), whereas more than 300 min/week of that was related to a 44% risk reduction for incident depression (HR, 0.56; CI, 0.35-0.89; p < 0.05) as compared to that in the Non-PA group. However, in men, there was no significant relationship between the amount of leisure-time PA per week and the risk of incident depression. Moreover, in both sexes, RT had no significant effect on depression in either the Low-PA or High-PA group. Conclusions There was an inverse dose-response association between leisure-time PA levels and incident depression only in women, whereas adding RT to high levels of PA had no significant effect on depression in either sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Park
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Kyoo Lim
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Kaneda K, Maeda N, Suzuki Y, Fukui K, Urabe Y. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Life Space Extent and Apathy: A Comparison of Competitive Japanese Swimmers with and without Disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5106. [PMID: 34065843 PMCID: PMC8150377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the daily lives and mental health of people with disabilities due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic have not been reported. The Japanese government closed public facilities, including swimming pools, during the first wave of COVID-19, and many competitive swimmers lost their places of activities. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life space and apathy among swimmers and investigated differences in the impact on swimmers with and without disabilities. A total of 39 competitive swimmers participated in this study, including 11 male and nine female swimmers with disabilities (swimmers with disabilities = para-swimmers), and e11 male and eight female swimmers without disabilities. Baseline and follow-up web-based questionnaire surveys were conducted, and changes in life space and apathy scale (AS) were assessed. Female para-swimmers showed significantly lower apathy than female able-bodied subjects (para, during; 16.0 ± 1.9; after, 12.8 ± 3.2; non-disabled; during, 10.5 ± 4.4; after, 10.6 ± 4.8; p < 0.05). Female swimmers with disabilities may be more likely to experience worsening mental health due to changes in their lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Kaneda
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.K.); (N.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Noriaki Maeda
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.K.); (N.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Matterhorn Rehabilitation Hospital, Hiroshima 737-0046, Japan;
| | - Kazuki Fukui
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.K.); (N.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Yukio Urabe
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (K.K.); (N.M.); (K.F.)
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Jo H, Lee J, Lee S, Lee H, Ahn YS, Koh SB. The longitudinal effect of leisure time physical activity on reduced depressive symptoms: The ARIRANG Study. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:1220-1225. [PMID: 33601699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a serious mental condition and physical activity is known to be effective in alleviating it. This study for rural residents of South Korea investigated whether meeting the recommended amount of physical activity during leisure time (LTPA) can reduce the depressive symptoms. METHODS A prospective study was conducted with 5,178 participants aged 20 years and over, and we analyzed 1,888 participants excluding those diagnosed with depression at baseline and those with insufficient data after an average of 5.3 years of follow-up. LTPA was quantified by the MET (metabolic equivalent of task) and categorized according to whether the recommended physical activity was met (0, 0.1 to < 7.5, ≥ 7.5 MET h/wk). The relationship with depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 41) was generated by adjusted relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs through multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS During the followed-up, 100 (5.3%) participants developed depressive symptoms. Compared to the incidence of depressive symptoms in those who did not perform any LTPA (6.8%), it was significantly lower when the recommended physical activity criteria were met by combining moderate intensity (MET 3 to 6) and vigorous intensity (MET ≥ 6) exercise (3.3%). We observed a 43.7% lower risk of depressive symptoms among those performing more than the recommended minimum (RR, 0.563 [95% CI, 0.341-0.930]) than those who had no LTPA. LIMITATIONS This study did not address psychosocial factors, and physical activities in daily life and the occupational environment were not considered. CONCLUSIONS Performing adequate LTPA might be advisable to alleviate depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Jo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Graduate School of Health Science, Hallym University; Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Solam Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Hunju Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University; Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University
| | - Yeon-Soon Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University; Institute of Genomic Cohort, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University
| | - Sang-Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University; Institute of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University.
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Dishman RK, McDowell CP, Herring MP. Customary physical activity and odds of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 111 prospective cohort studies. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:926-934. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore whether physical activity is inversely associated with the onset of depression, we quantified the cumulative association of customary physical activity with incident depression and with an increase in subclinical depressive symptoms over time as reported from prospective observational studies.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and CINAHL Complete databases, supplemented by Google Scholar.Eligibility criteriaProspective cohort studies in adults, published prior to January 2020, reporting associations between physical activity and depression.Study appraisal and synthesisMultilevel random-effects meta-analysis was performed adjusting for study and cohort or region. Mixed-model meta-regression of putative modifiers.ResultsSearches yielded 111 reports including over 3 million adults sampled from 11 nations in five continents. Odds of incident cases of depression or an increase in subclinical depressive symptoms were reduced after exposure to physical activity (OR, 95% CI) in crude (0.69, 0.63 to 0.75; I2=93.7) and adjusted (0.79, 0.75 to 0.82; I2=87.6) analyses. Results were materially the same for incident depression and subclinical symptoms. Odds were lower after moderate or vigorous physical activity that met public health guidelines than after light physical activity. These odds were also lower when exposure to physical activity increased over time during a study period compared with the odds when physical activity was captured as a single baseline measure of exposure.ConclusionCustomary and increasing levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in observational studies are inversely associated with incident depression and the onset of subclinical depressive symptoms among adults regardless of global region, gender, age or follow-up period.
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Constant A, Val-Laillet D, Joubert A, Foret K, Thibault R, Moirand R. Depressive symptoms are related to boredom proneness in patients receiving hospital care, regardless of alcohol status, lifestyle, or social support. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:1674-1683. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105319886049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the relationship between boredom proneness and psychological distress in patients receiving hospital care due either to excessive alcohol consumption or to gastrointestinal diseases. Sociodemographic data were collected together with boredom proneness subscales (internal/external lack of stimulation), psychological distress, physical activity, and social support. Boredom proneness due to a lack of external stimulation seemed to constitute a prominent personality trait in patients with alcohol consumption. But depressive symptoms were related only to boredom proneness due to a lack of internal stimulation in all patients, regardless of alcohol status, lifestyle, or social support. Potential implications for practice and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymery Constant
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), France
- Ecoles des Hautes Etudes en Santé Publique (EHESP), France
| | | | | | | | - Ronan Thibault
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), France
- CHU de Rennes, France
| | - Romain Moirand
- Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), France
- CHU de Rennes, France
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Goodman WK, Geiger AM, Wolf JM. Differential Links Between Leisure Activities and Depressive Symptoms in Unemployed Individuals. J Clin Psychol 2016; 72:70-8. [PMID: 26443982 PMCID: PMC5125292 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unemployment has consistently been linked to an elevated risk for depression. Exercise, specifically leisure-based physical activities, has received increasing attention as alternative treatment options. However, because leisure activities are pursued during discretionary time, it is unclear if the mental health benefits of physical and leisure activities apply during times of unemployment as well. METHOD Depressive symptoms and participation in recreational activities were assessed in 142 employed and 158 unemployed participants (age = 34 ± 11 years; male = 150). RESULTS Independent of employment status, all recreational activities were inversely associated with depressive symptoms. However, social (employed: ηp (2) = .21; unemployed: ηp (2) = .11) and self-focused (employed: ηp (2) = .19; unemployed: ηp (2) = .10) recreational activities were more strongly related to depressive symptoms than exercise (employed: ηp (2) = .12; unemployed: ηp (2) > .05). CONCLUSION These findings highlight the strong mental health associations of recreational activities and suggest that, particularly for unemployed individuals, promoting recreational activities, rather than exercise, may leverage the stronger negative relationship with risk of depression.
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Battaglia C, di Cagno A, Fiorilli G, Giombini A, Borrione P, Baralla F, Marchetti M, Pigozzi F. Participation in a 9-month selected physical exercise programme enhances psychological well-being in a prison population. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2015; 25:343-354. [PMID: 25106026 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is general population evidence that physical exercise is effective in reducing the risk of depression and has positive effects on mood. Some prisons encourage exercise, but there is no evidence specific to this group on its benefits or the relative merits of different programmes. AIMS To test the effect of physical exercise on the psychological well-being of prisoners and to determine which mental disorders are most affected by physical activity. METHODS Sixty-four participants were randomly assigned across three groups: cardiovascular plus resistance training (CRT), high-intensity strength training (HIST) and no exercise. Before and after the 9-month experimental period, all participants completed the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. RESULTS Each form of exercise significantly reduced depression scale scores compared with those in the control group, in which average depression scale scores actually increased. The CRT group also showed a significant decrease in GSI scores on the Symptom Checklist-90 and on its interpersonal sensitivity scale, whereas the HIST group also significantly improved on the anxiety, phobic anxiety and hostility scale scores. CONCLUSIONS Our evidence, taken together with general population studies, supports introduction of supervised, moderately intense exercise for at least 1 h per week for men in prison. They form a high risk group for mental disorders, and such exercise reduces depression and anxiety. Minimal special equipment is needed for CRT. Further research should replicate the study in a larger, multi-centre trial, and examine impact on shorter-term and longer-term prisoners, female prisoners and effects on recidivism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Battaglia
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Cagno
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorilli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Arrigo Giombini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Baralla
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marchetti
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Human Movement, Social and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
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Mangerud WL, Bjerkeset O, Lydersen S, Indredavik MS. Physical activity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders and in the general population. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2014; 8:2. [PMID: 24450542 PMCID: PMC3914726 DOI: 10.1186/1753-2000-8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults who suffer from psychiatric disorders report low levels of physical activity and the activity levels differ between disorders. Less is known regarding physical activity across psychiatric disorders in adolescence. We investigate the frequency and type of physical activity in adolescent psychiatric patients, compared with adolescents in the general population. METHODS A total of 566 adolescent psychiatric patients aged 13-18 years who participated in the CAP survey, Norway, were compared to 8173 adolescents aged 13-19 years who participated in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Young-HUNT 3, Norway. All adolescents completed a questionnaire, including questions about physical activity and participation in team and individual sports. RESULTS Approximately 50% of adolescents with psychiatric disorders and 25% of the population sample reported low levels of physical activity. Within the clinical sample, those with mood disorders (62%) and autism spectrum disorders (56%) were the most inactive and those with eating disorders (36%) the most active. This pattern was the same in individual and team sports. After multivariable adjustment, adolescents with a psychiatric disorder had a three-fold increased risk of lower levels of physical activity, and a corresponding risk of not participating in team and individual sports compared with adolescents in the general population. CONCLUSIONS Levels of physical activity were low in adolescent psychiatric patients compared with the general population, yet activity levels differed considerably between various disorders. The findings underscore the importance of assessing physical activity in adolescents with psychiatric disorders and providing early intervention to promote mental as well as physical health in this early stage of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenche Langfjord Mangerud
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Nord-Trøndelag University College (HiNT), Levanger, Norway,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Sæbø Indredavik
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Fiorilli G, Iuliano E, Aquino G, Battaglia C, Giombini A, Calcagno G, di Cagno A. Mental health and social participation skills of wheelchair basketball players: a controlled study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:3679-3685. [PMID: 24012595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess differences in psychological well-being, symptomatic psychological disorders and social participation, between competitive wheelchair basketball participants and those non-participants. Forty-six wheelchair participants, 24 Basketball players (aged 35.60 ± 7.56) and 22 non-players (aged 36.20 ± 6.23), completed three validated self-report questionnaires: Participation Scale (PS), Psychological Well-Being Scale [PWBS] and Symptom Checklist 90 R [SCL-90-R]. ANOVA showed significant overall differences between the two groups. The social restriction score, evaluated by PS, was significantly higher in the non-basketball participants (p=0.00001) than the basketball participants. The PWB Scale showed significant differences in all 6 dimensions: positive relations with others, environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life and self-acceptance (p<0.01), and autonomy (p<0.05), with better scores in the basketball participants. The SCL-90-R scores were significantly lower for the basketball group in the following 6 symptomatic dimensions: depression, phobic anxiety, and sleep disorder (p<0.01), somatization, interpersonal sensitivity and psychoticism (with p<0.05). It was concluded that competitive wheelchair basketball participants showed better psychological well-being and social skills than those non-participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Fiorilli
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
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Mammen G, Faulkner G. Physical activity and the prevention of depression: a systematic review of prospective studies. Am J Prev Med 2013; 45:649-57. [PMID: 24139780 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 619] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Given its high prevalence and impact on quality of life, more research is needed in identifying factors that may prevent depression. This review examined whether physical activity (PA) is protective against the onset of depression. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A comprehensive search was conducted up until December 2012 in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Data were analyzed between July 2012 and February 2013. Articles were chosen for the review if the study used a prospective-based, longitudinal design and examined relationships between PA and depression over at least two time intervals. A formal quality assessment for each study also was conducted independently by the two reviewers. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The initial search yielded a total of 6363 citations. After a thorough selection process, 30 studies were included for analyses. Among these, 25 studies demonstrated that baseline PA was negatively associated with a risk of subsequent depression. The majority of these studies were of high methodologic quality, providing consistent evidence that PA may prevent future depression. There is promising evidence that any level of PA, including low levels (e.g., walking <150 minutes/weeks), can prevent future depression. CONCLUSIONS From a population health perspective, promoting PA may serve as a valuable mental health promotion strategy in reducing the risk of developing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mammen
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Scholz B, Crabb S, Wittert G. Development of Men's Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies. JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/jomh.2012.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Brunes A, Augestad LB, Gudmundsdottir SL. Personality, physical activity, and symptoms of anxiety and depression: the HUNT study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:745-56. [PMID: 23052425 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-012-0594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the association between physical activity (PA), symptoms of depression and anxiety, and personality traits. METHODS Cross-sectional study from a Norwegian population-based survey conducted in the period 2006-2008. The sample consisted of a total of 38,743 subjects aged ≥ 19 years, 56.1 % women and 43.9 % men. Demographic variables, PA, depression and anxiety (The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and personality (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire) were assessed by self-reporting measurements. RESULTS Individuals who reported moderate and high PA had significantly lower scores on depression and anxiety compared with less physically active individuals (p < 0.05). Significantly lower risk of HADS-defined depression and anxiety was associated with frequency, duration, and intensity of activity among women (p < 0.05), and significantly lower risk of HADS-defined depression was associated with frequency, duration, and intensity of activity among men (p < 0.05). There was a significant linear trend between extroversion and levels of PA (p < 0.01) and between neuroticism and PA (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Subjects reporting regular leisure-time PA were less likely to report symptoms of HADS-defined depression and anxiety. Personality may be an underlying factor in explaining this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audun Brunes
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management, Department of Human Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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14
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Di Cagno A, Iuliano E, Aquino G, Fiorilli G, Battaglia C, Giombini A, Calcagno G. Psychological well-being and social participation assessment in visually impaired subjects playing Torball: a controlled study. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:1204-1209. [PMID: 23396197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in psychological well-being, symptomatic psychological disorders and social participation, between blind Torball players and non-players. Thirty blind male participants were recruited, 17 Torball players (aged 36.27±3.46) and 13 non-players (aged 34.80±2.53), and evaluated for social participation level, psychological well-being and symptomatic psychological disorders, using three validated self-report questionnaires: Participation Scale (PS), Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) and Symptom Checklist 90 R (SCL-90-R) respectively. ANOVA showed significant overall differences between the two groups. The social restriction score in the non-player group was significantly higher (p<0.01) than the player group. The Torball player group showed significant better scores than non-player group in 5 of the 6 dimensions of the PWB Scale (p<0.01) and in 8 of the 10 dimensions of the SCL-90-R (7 dimensions p<0.01; 1 dimension p<0.05) and in the three global scores of the SCL-90-R (p<0.01). The results of this study showed a relationship between psychological well-being and social skills of visually impaired people and their Torball practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Cagno
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy.
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15
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O’Dougherty M, Hearst MO, Syed M, Kurzer MS, Schmitz KH. Life events, perceived stress and depressive symptoms in a physical activity intervention with young adult women. Ment Health Phys Act 2012; 5:148-154. [PMID: 23189088 PMCID: PMC3505451 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Examine interactive effects of life events, perceived stress and depressive symptoms during a randomized controlled aerobics intervention among women (aged 18-30) in the urban U.S. Midwest, 2006-2009. METHOD: Participants [n=372 at baseline and n=303 at follow up] completed perceived stress, depressive symptoms and life events scales at baseline and 5-6 month follow-up. Life events were correlated with perceived stress and depressive symptoms scales using Pearson correlation. Multivariate linear regression tested the relationship between the 20 most common life events with perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Regression models explored relationships between life events, perceived stress and depressive symptoms and the intervention effect. RESULTS: Higher levels of perceived stress and depressive symptoms correlated with more life events. At baseline, for every additional life event, depressive symptoms were higher; follow-up showed marginal significance with depressive symptoms, but a strong positive association with perceived stress. In the stratified model, for every life event at follow up, the perceived stress scale increased by 0.68 in the exercise group, but not in the controls. For every life event at follow-up, depressive symptoms were higher in controls, but not in the exercise group. CONCLUSION: Perceived stress and depressive symptoms co-occurred with life events at baseline and follow-up for participants. At follow up, perceived stress increased significantly among exercisers; depressive symptoms were significantly higher among controls. Findings suggest that new participation in structured physical activity entails a change in daily life that may buffer against depressive symptoms in relation to life events but not perceived stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen O’Dougherty
- University of Minnesota, Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Av., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA, 612 624-4959 (office phone), 612 625 5272 (FAX)
| | - Mary O. Hearst
- University of Minnesota, Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, 1300 South Second St. Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Moin Syed
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychology, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mindy S. Kurzer
- University of Minnesota, Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Av. St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kathryn H. Schmitz
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 903 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Kao Y, Huang Y, Chen P, Wang K. The effects of exercise education intervention on the exercise behaviour, depression, and fatigue status of chronic kidney disease patients. HEALTH EDUCATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1108/09654281211275827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Quince TA, Wood DF, Parker RA, Benson J. Prevalence and persistence of depression among undergraduate medical students: a longitudinal study at one UK medical school. BMJ Open 2012; 2:e001519. [PMID: 22893670 PMCID: PMC3425899 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-001519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of depression among male and female medical students, its change over time and whether depression persists for affected students. DESIGN Longitudinal study comprising annual questionnaire surveys which included the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). PARTICIPANTS Between 2007 and 2010 all 1112 students entering the Core Science component (Year 1) and all 542 students entering the Clinical component (Year 4) of the Cambridge (UK) medical course were followed-up annually. METHODS We analysed, separately for men and women, mean HADS-D scores, the proportions whose scores indicated depression at different time-points and for students maintaining participation, the number of occasions on which their HADS-D scores indicated depression. RESULTS 725 Core Science and 364 Clinical students participated. Mean HADS-D scores ranged between 3.34 and 3.49 among all Core Science students and between 2.16 and 2.91 among all Clinical students. There was no difference between men and women in median HADS-D scores. Prevalence of depression ranged between 5.7% and 10.6% among all Core Science students and between 2.7% and 8.2% among all Clinical students. Over time Core Science students displayed no increase in mean HADS-D score. Among Clinical students only men displayed a small increase (time coefficient 0.33 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.55)). Prevalence did not increase over time. 220 Core Science and 150 Clinical students participated throughout the study. Of these, 18.2% and 10.6%, respectively, recorded HADS-D scores indicating depression on at least one occasion. Of 56 students recording depression at some point, 37 did so only once. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of depression among participants was similar to that reported for comparable groups. Among men approaching the end of clinical studies depression scores increased. In all years a minority of students displayed depression; for some this persisted. Mechanisms are needed to identify and support students suffering from depression, particularly when persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma A Quince
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diana F Wood
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard A Parker
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Benson
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, UK
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Song MR, Lee YS, Baek JD, Miller M. Physical Activity Status in Adults with Depression in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2006. Public Health Nurs 2011; 29:208-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2011.00986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ryeong Song
- Department of Nursing; Hoseo University; Asan-si; South Korea
| | - Young-Shin Lee
- School of Nursing; San Diego State University; San Diego; California
| | - Jong-Duek Baek
- Graduate School of Public Health; San Diego State University; San Diego; California
| | - Marci Miller
- School of Nursing; San Diego State University; San Diego; California
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19
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Lucas M, Mekary R, Pan A, Mirzaei F, O'Reilly EJ, Willett WC, Koenen K, Okereke OI, Ascherio A. Relation between clinical depression risk and physical activity and time spent watching television in older women: a 10-year prospective follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 174:1017-27. [PMID: 21984659 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwr218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although physical activity (PA) has been inversely associated with depressive symptoms, it is not clear whether regular PA and television watching are associated with clinical depression risk. The authors conducted a prospective analysis involving 49,821 US women from the Nurses' Health Study who were free from depressive symptoms at baseline (1996). Information on PA was obtained from validated questionnaires completed in 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000; analyses were conducted using the cumulative average of PA (minutes/day) with a 2-year latency period applied. Participants were asked about television-watching habits in 1992. Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for multiple risk factors were used to estimate relative risks of clinical depression (self-reported physician-diagnosed depression or use of antidepressants). During 10 years of follow-up (1996-2006), 6,505 incident cases of depression were documented. Higher levels of PA were associated with lower depression risk. The multivariate relative risk comparing the highest level of PA (≥ 90 minutes/day) with the lowest (<10 minutes/day) was 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.70, 0.92; P(trend) < 0.001). In contrast, the risk of depression increased with increasing television-watching time. The multivariate relative risk comparing women who spent 21 hours/week or more watching television with those who spent 0-1 hour/week was 1.13 (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.27; P(trend) = 0.01). Analyses simultaneously considering PA and television watching suggested that both contributed independently to depression risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lucas
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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20
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Mackay LM, Schofield GM, Oliver M. Measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviors in women with young children: a systematic review. Women Health 2011; 51:400-21. [PMID: 21707341 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2011.574794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that women with young children are less active than women without children. In this review the authors investigated the methods of measuring physical activity employed in studies of women with young children (aged 1-5 years) and the associated challenges in measurement. Articles from databases (MEDLINE, OVID, CINAHL, Google Scholar) and manual searches were limited to English peer-reviewed journals published from 1990 to 2010. Studies that included measurement of physical activity in samples of women with young children were selected. Measurement properties were extracted, and original reliability and validity articles were reviewed for physical activity measurement tools used by 15 samples. The evidence base was dominated by self-report measurement tools, many of which assessed leisure-time physical activity only. Use of motion sensors to assess physical activity in this population was limited. It is likely that much of the habitual physical activity performed by women with young children has not been captured by self-report measures. Further investigation should be undertaken using tools that capture adequately all health-enhancing physical activity among women with young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Mackay
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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21
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Ødegård SS, Sand T, Engstrøm M, Stovner LJ, Zwart JA, Hagen K. The Long-Term Effect of Insomnia on Primary Headaches: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study (HUNT-2 and HUNT-3). Headache 2011; 51:570-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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A cohort study of leisure time physical activity and depression. Prev Med 2010; 51:471-5. [PMID: 20858516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the role of leisure time physical activity on the risk of developing depression in a large longitudinal setting. METHODS A prospective cohort study was used, comprising three updated measures of leisure time physical activity and covariates and 26 years of follow-up data on 18,146 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study, Denmark. The study population was linked to two Danish hospital registers for information on depression. Data were collected in three rounds, namely, 1976-1978, 1981-1983, and 1991-1994, and analyses were conducted in 2010. RESULTS Compared to women with a high physical activity level, women with a moderate level had a hazard ratio of 1.07 (95% confidence interval: 0.80-1.44) for developing depression while women with a low level had a hazard ratio of 1.80 (95% confidence interval: 1.29-2.51). Compared to men with a high physical activity level, men with a moderate level had a hazard ratio of 1.11 (95% confidence interval: 0.73-1.68) for developing depression, while men with a low level had a hazard ratio of 1.39 (95% confidence interval: 0.83-2.34). CONCLUSION Among women, a low level of physical activity was significantly associated with a greater risk of depression.
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Grossniklaus DA, Dunbar SB, Tohill BC, Gary R, Higgins MK, Frediani J. Psychological factors are important correlates of dietary pattern in overweight adults. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2010; 25:450-60. [PMID: 20938248 PMCID: PMC3086895 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0b013e3181d25433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE Abdominal obesity, the central distribution of adipose tissue, is a well-established cardiometabolic disease risk factor. The prevalence has steadily increased since 1988, and now more than 50% of adults have abdominal obesity. Psychological distress coupled with increased dietary energy density (ED) may contribute to abdominal obesity. Guided by the stress and coping model, this study examined the relationship between psychological factors (perceived stress and depressive symptoms) and dietary ED in overweight, working adults. The first hypothesis tested if psychological factors explained a significant amount of food and beverage ED variance above that accounted for by demographic factors. The second hypothesis tested if psychological factors explained a significant amount of food and nonalcoholic beverage ED variance above that accounted for by demographic factors. Post hoc analyses compared macronutrient composition and food group pattern between overweight, working adults with and without depressive symptoms. METHODS This descriptive, cross-sectional, correlation study was composed of 87 overweight, working adults (mean age, 41.3 [SD, 10.2] years; mean body mass index, 32.1 [SD, 6.1] kg/m²; 73.6% women; 50.6% African American). Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory II and Perceived Stress Scale and weighed-3-day-food record analyzed for caloric intake (kilocalories) and weight (in grams) of consumed foods and beverages that were used to calculate ED (in kilocalories/gram). Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, and sequential regression modeling were used for data analysis. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were reported by 21.9% of participants and explained variance in food and beverage ED above that accounted for by African American race and reporting adequate caloric intake. Depressive symptoms explained variance in food and nonalcoholic beverage ED above that accounted for male sex, African American race, and reporting adequate caloric intake. Perceived stress and depressive symptoms were positively correlated; however, perceived stress was not a significant predictor of food and beverage ED. CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms, potentially modifiable, were 4 times that found in the general population and independently predicted increased food and beverage ED. Further research is needed to determine if improvements in depressive symptoms alter dietary ED, potentially reducing cardiometabolic disease risk.
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Associations between sleep disturbance and primary headaches: the third Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. J Headache Pain 2010; 11:197-206. [PMID: 20224943 PMCID: PMC3451918 DOI: 10.1007/s10194-010-0201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between sleep disturbance and headache type and frequency, in a random sample of participants in the third Nord-Trøndelag Health Survey. The headache diagnoses were set by neurologists using the ICHD-2 criteria performing a semi structured face-to-face interview. Sleep problems were measured by the two validated instruments Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Among 297 participants, 77 subjects were headache-free, whereas 135 were diagnosed with tension-type headache (TTH), 51 with migraine, and 34 with other headache diagnoses. In the multivariate analyses, using logistic regression, excessive daytime sleepiness, defined as ESS ≥ 10, was three times more likely among migraineurs compared with headache-free individuals (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.0–10.2). Severe sleep disturbances, defined as KSQ score in the upper quartile, was five times more likely among migraineurs (OR = 5.4, 95% CI 2.0–15.5), and three times more likely for subjects with TTH (OR = 3.3, 1.4–7.3) compared with headache-free individuals. Subjects with chronic headache were 17 times more likely to have severe sleep disturbances (OR = 17.4, 95% CI 5.1–59.8), and the association was somewhat stronger for chronic migraine (OR = 38.9, 95% CI 3.1–485.3) than for chronic TTH (OR = 18.3, 95% CI 3.6–93.0). In conclusion, there was a significant association between severe sleep disturbances and primary headache disorders, most pronounced for those with chronic headache. Even though one cannot address causality in the present study design, the results indicate an increased awareness of sleep problems among patients with headache.
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