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Shay JES, Vannier A, Tsai S, Mahle R, Diaz PM, Przybyszewski E, Challa PK, Patel SJ, Suzuki J, Schaefer E, Goodman RP, Luther J. Moderate-high intensity exercise associates with reduced incident alcohol-associated liver disease in high-risk patients. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:472-477. [PMID: 37565935 PMCID: PMC10493517 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapies to prevent alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) in high-risk patients are needed. AIMS In this retrospective association study, we examined whether patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) who reported greater exercise were less likely to develop liver disease. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we used the Mass General Brigham Biobank to investigate the impact of both moderate-high and light-intensity exercise on the development of ALD in patients with AUD, using clinician-provided diagnostic International Classification of Diseases 10 codes. Exercise was evaluated using a questionnaire completed after an AUD diagnosis, and before evidence of liver disease. Cox regressions were used to generate hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of ALD. RESULTS 1987 patients met inclusion criteria. These patients were followed for an average of 10.7 years. In multivariable analyses, we found that patients that reported at least 2.5 h of moderate-high intensity exercise/week (confidence interval recommendation for exercise) were less likely to develop ALD compared to patients that did not exercise (HR: 0.26, 95%CI: 0.085-0.64, P = 0.007). Indeed, each hour of moderate-high intensity exercise was associated with progressively decreasing odds of developing ALD (HR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.58-0.91, P = 0.02). Conversely, patients who did not engage in any moderate-high intensity exercise were more likely to develop ALD (HR: 2.76, 95%CI: 1.44-5.40, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, patients with AUD who reported moderate-high intensity exercise showed a lower association with incidence of ALD development than patients who did not exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E S Shay
- MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Augustin Vannier
- MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Stephanie Tsai
- MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Rachel Mahle
- MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Paige McLean Diaz
- MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Eric Przybyszewski
- MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Prasanna K Challa
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Suraj J Patel
- MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Joji Suzuki
- Addiction Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Esperance Schaefer
- MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Russell P Goodman
- MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Jay Luther
- MGH Alcohol Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States
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Vaithinathan S, Saradha B, Mathur PP. Methoxychlor-induced alteration in the levels of HSP70 and clusterin is accompanied with oxidative stress in adult rat testis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2009; 23:29-35. [PMID: 19202561 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Methoxychlor, an organochlorine pesticide, has been reported to induce abnormalities in male reproductive tract. However, the insight into the mechanisms of gonadal toxicity induced by methoxychlor is not well known. We investigated whether treatment with methoxychlor would alter the levels of stress proteins, heat shock proteins (HSP), and clusterin (CLU), and oxidative stress-related parameters in the testis of adult male rats. Animals were exposed to a single dose of methoxychlor (50 mg/kg body weight) orally and were terminated at various time points (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 72 h) using anesthetic ether. The levels of HSP70, CLU, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and lipid peroxidation levels were evaluated in a 10% testis homogenate. A sequential reduction in the activities of catalase and SOD with concomitant increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was observed. These changes elicited by methoxychlor were very significant between 6-12 h of posttreatment. Immunoblot analysis of HSP revealed the expression of HSP72, an inducible form of HSP, at certain time points (3-24 h) following exposure to methoxychlor. Similarly, the levels of secretory CLU (sCLU) were also found to be elevated between 3-24 h of treatment. The present data demonstrate methoxychlor-elicited increase in the levels of inducible HSP72 and sCLU, which could be a part of protective mechanism mounted to reduce cellular oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vaithinathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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Hung CH, Chang NC, Cheng BC, Lin MT. PROGRESSIVE EXERCISE PRECONDITIONING PROTECTS AGAINST CIRCULATORY SHOCK DURING EXPERIMENTAL HEATSTROKE. Shock 2005; 23:426-33. [PMID: 15834308 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000159557.95285.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP) 72 expression protects against arterial hypotension in rat heatstroke. HSP72 can also be induced in multiple organs, including hearts from rats with endurance exercise. We validated the hypothesis that progressive exercise preconditioning may confer cardiovascular protection during heatstroke by inducing the overexpression of HSP72 in multiple organs. To deal with the matter, we assessed the effects of heatstroke on mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, total peripheral vascular resistance, colonic temperature, blood gases, and serum or tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in urethane-anesthetized rats pretreated without or with progressive exercise training for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. In addition, HSP72 expression in multiple organs was determined in different groups of animals. Heatstroke was induced by exposing the rats to a high blanket temperature (43 degrees C); the moment at which mean arterial pressure decreased from the peak value was taken as the time of heatstroke onset. Previous exercise training for 3 weeks, but not 1 or 2 weeks, conferred significant protection against hyperthermia, arterial hypotension, decreased cardiac output, decreased stroke volume, decreased peripheral vascular resistance, and increased levels of serum or tissue TNF-alpha during heatstroke and correlated with overexpression of HSP72 in multiple organs, including heart, liver, and adrenal gland. However, 10 days after 3 weeks of progressive exercise training, when HSP72 expression in multiple organs returned to basal values, the beneficial effects exerted by 3 weeks of exercise training were no longer observed. These results strongly suggest that HSP72 preconditioning with progressive exercise training protects against hyperthermia, circulatory shock, and TNF-alpha overproduction during heatstroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsia Hung
- Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701
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Rakonczay Z, Boros I, Jármay K, Hegyi P, Lonovics J, Takacs T. Ethanol administration generates oxidative stress in the pancreas and liver, but fails to induce heat-shock proteins in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 18:858-67. [PMID: 12795760 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.03076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat-shock proteins (HSP) play an essential role in the sequestration and reparation of denatured cellular proteins. Because ethanol treatment can result in oxidative stress-induced protein damage, it is possible that expression of HSP is altered after ethanol consumption. Dose-response and time-course studies were performed to investigate whether acute and chronic intragastric ethanol administration can induce tissue damage, oxidative stress and expression of the heat-shock proteins HSP60 and HSP72 in the pancreas and liver of male Wistar rats. METHODS Laboratory and morphological analysis of pancreatic and liver damage were investigated. The degree of oxidative stress was assessed by measurement of the reduced glutathione content, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. The levels of HSP were examined by western blot analysis. RESULTS Ethanol administration dose- and time-dependently elevated the serum ethanol concentration and hepatic enzyme activities. Chronic ethanol treatment also resulted in morphological damage of the liver. We observed that acute and chronic ethanol consumption had markedly different effects on the oxidative parameters in the pancreas and liver. Acute ethanol administration caused oxidative stress in the liver, whereas there was no such effect in the pancreas. In contrast, chronic ethanol feeding resulted in oxidative stress in both the pancreas and the liver. Furthermore, neither acute nor chronic ethanol intake induced the synthesis of HSP, a major defense system against cellular damage in the examined organs. CONCLUSION Ethanol administration generates oxidative stress in the pancreas and liver, but fails to induce HSP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Rakonczay
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged and Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Biological Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Szeged, Hungary
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Gauthier MS, Couturier K, Latour JG, Lavoie JM. Concurrent exercise prevents high-fat-diet-induced macrovesicular hepatic steatosis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 94:2127-34. [PMID: 12547845 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01164.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of an exercise training program conducted concurrently with a high-fat (HF)-diet regimen on the induction of hepatic steatosis. Two groups of rats were fed either a standard (SD) or a HF (40% kcal) diet for 8 wk and were additionally assigned either to a sedentary (Sed) or a treadmill-trained (TR) group. Training (5 days/wk) was initiated at the same time as the HF diet and was progressively increased, reaching 60 min at 26 m/min, 10% grade, for the last 4 wk. At the end of the 8-wk period, HF-Sed rats exhibited approximately 72% higher liver triacylglycerol concentration than SD-Sed rats (means +/- SE: 17.15 +/- 1.5 vs. 9.98 +/- 1.0 mg/g; P < 0.01). Histological quantification of lipid infiltration, with the use of an image analysis computing system, revealed that, although fat was mainly stored as microvesicles (<1 microm(2)), the HF-diet-induced hepatic steatosis occurred via the accumulation of macrovesicles (>1 microm(2)). Concurrent exercise training completely prevented the HF-diet-induced hepatic steatosis. The surface area of liver parenchyma infiltrated by lipid vacuoles was similar in HF-TR as in SD-Sed rats (26.4 +/- 1.8 vs. 29.3 +/- 5.9 x 10(3) microm(2)/200,000 microm(2) of liver parenchyma, respectively; P > 0.05). The different states of liver lipid infiltration after the HF diet in Sed and TR rats were associated with similar changes in plasma free fatty acids and glycerol, as well as with similar changes in fat pad weights, but not with plasma triacylglycerol levels. It is concluded that, after a HF-diet regimen of 8 wk in rats, hepatic steatosis occurs primarily via the accumulation of lipid as macrovesicles. Exercise training pursued at the same time completely prevents the HF-diet-induced macrovesicular hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Soleil Gauthier
- Departments of Kinésiologie and Pathologie and Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity decreases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but its effects on risk factors require further exploration. METHODS AND RESULTS The study included 3331 adult Japanese men in whom health benefits, especially CHD risk factors, were compared among those who were sedentary and those who were engaged in continuous physical activity of 30 minutes or more per day for 1, 2 and > or =3 days per week. Significantly higher HDL cholesterol values; lower triceps, scapula, and iliac subcutaneous fat thickness; and lower smoking rates were noted in all physically active groups compared with the sedentary group, whereas body mass index did not differ significantly. Waist-to-height ratios and the prevalence of fatty liver were significantly lower in the groups who exercised 2 or > or =3 days per week than in the sedentary group. The lowest triglyceride values were noted in the group who exercised > or =3 days per week. Multiple regression analysis revealed both the frequency of physical activity and smoking status to be independent positive and negative factors, respectively, for the HDL cholesterol value. The sum of the risk factor scores for hypertension, abnormal glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and low HDL cholesterol level (one point for each if present) was highest in the sedentary group (1.38, 1.19, 1.19, 0.99 for the sedentary group and the groups who exercised 1, 2, and > or =3 days per week). CONCLUSIONS Those who engaged in regular physical activity > or =3 days per week appeared to have the fewest coronary risk factors. However, even those engaged in physical activity once per week had fewer CHD risk factors than sedentary individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Hsieh
- Medical Center of Health Science, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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