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Viral agents (2nd section). Transfusion 2024; 64 Suppl 1:S19-S207. [PMID: 38394038 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
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2
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Joharinia N, Salehnasab P, Shirvani M, Shahriari B, Savardashtaki A, Sarvari J. Serosurvey of parvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus infections among female university students in Shiraz, Southern Iran. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2021; 42:202-209. [PMID: 33428512 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1862860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Infection with parvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus (CMV) during pregnancy might lead to fetal infection, resulting in congenital abnormalities. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of IgM and IgG antibodies against parvovirus B19 and CMV in female university students in Shiraz, in Fars province, Southern Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 370 female university students were included. Blood samples were collected from each participant and tested for anti-parvovirus B19 and CMV IgG and IgM antibodies, using commercial ELISA kits. The mean age of the participants was 24 (±7)years. Out of 370 participants, 327 (88.4%) and 9 (2.4%) were positive for IgG and IgM antibodies against CMV. Moreover, 211 (57.0%) and 4 (1.1%) of the participants were respectively positive for IgG and IgM antibodies against parvovirus B19. The difference in CMV or parvovirus B19 seropositivity between different age groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The findings of our study showed that more than 50% of the female university students are seropositive to CMV and parvovirus B19 infections. It highlights the importance of health education and also the laboratory screening of females at childbearing age to reduce the risk of congenital infections resulting from these viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Joharinia
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parvin Salehnasab
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shirvani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahador Shahriari
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Zadsar M, Aghakhani A, Banifazl M, Kazemimanesh M, Tabatabaei Yazdi SM, Mamishi S, Bavand A, Sadat Larijani M, Ramezani A. Seroprevalence, molecular epidemiology and quantitation of parvovirus B19 DNA levels in Iranian blood donors. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1318-1322. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zadsar
- Blood Transfusion Research Center; High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine; Tehran Iran
| | - Arezoo Aghakhani
- Department of Clinical Research; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Banifazl
- Iranian Society for Support of Patients with Infectious Disease; Tehran Iran
| | | | | | - Setareh Mamishi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Anahita Bavand
- Department of Clinical Research; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Amitis Ramezani
- Department of Clinical Research; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran Iran
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4
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Ancient human parvovirus B19 in Eurasia reveals its long-term association with humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7557-7562. [PMID: 29967156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804921115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a ubiquitous human pathogen associated with a number of conditions, such as fifth disease in children and arthritis and arthralgias in adults. B19V is thought to evolve exceptionally rapidly among DNA viruses, with substitution rates previously estimated to be closer to those typical of RNA viruses. On the basis of genetic sequences up to ∼70 years of age, the most recent common ancestor of all B19V has been dated to the early 1800s, and it has been suggested that genotype 1, the most common B19V genotype, only started circulating in the 1960s. Here we present 10 genomes (63.9-99.7% genome coverage) of B19V from dental and skeletal remains of individuals who lived in Eurasia and Greenland from ∼0.5 to ∼6.9 thousand years ago (kya). In a phylogenetic analysis, five of the ancient B19V sequences fall within or basal to the modern genotype 1, and five fall basal to genotype 2, showing a long-term association of B19V with humans. The most recent common ancestor of all B19V is placed ∼12.6 kya, and we find a substitution rate that is an order of magnitude lower than inferred previously. Further, we are able to date the recombination event between genotypes 1 and 3 that formed genotype 2 to ∼5.0-6.8 kya. This study emphasizes the importance of ancient viral sequences for our understanding of virus evolution and phylogenetics.
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Gowland P, Fontana S, Stolz M, Andina N, Niederhauser C. Parvovirus B19 Passive Transmission by Transfusion of Intercept® Blood System-Treated Platelet Concentrate. Transfus Med Hemother 2016; 43:198-202. [PMID: 27403092 DOI: 10.1159/000445195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogen reduction methods for blood components are effective for a large number of viruses though less against small, non-enveloped viruses such as Parvovirus B19 (B19V). This article describes the passive transmission by transfusion of two B19V-contaminated pooled platelet concentrates (PCs) which were treated with the Intercept® blood pathogen reduction system. CASE REPORTS Two transfusion cases of B19V-contaminated Intercept-treated pooled PCs were described. Due to the analysis delay, the PCs were already transfused. The viral content of each donation was 4.87 × 10(10) IU/ml in case 1and 1.46 × 10(8) IU/ml in case 2. B19V (52 IU/ml) was detected in the recipient of the case 1 PC, whereas no virus could be detected in the case 2 PC recipient. A B19V IgM response and a transient boost of the underlying B19V IgG immune status and was observed in recipient 1. Recipient of the case 2 PC remained B19V IgG- and IgM-negative. B19V DNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed a 100% homology between donor and recipient. CONCLUSION This report describes passive B19V transmission by a PC with very high B19 viral load which elicited a transient boost of the B19V immunity, but not by a PC with a lower B19V content, suggesting that there is a B19 viral load threshold value at which B19V inactivation is exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gowland
- Interregional Blood Transfusion SRC, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Stolz
- Interregional Blood Transfusion SRC, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Andina
- University Clinic of Haematology and Central Haematology Laboratory, Bern University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Servant-Delmas A, Morinet F. Update of the human parvovirus B19 biology. Transfus Clin Biol 2016; 23:5-12. [PMID: 26778837 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, the human parvovirus B19 (B19V) has been associated with many clinical situations in addition to the prototype clinical manifestations, i.e. erythema infectiosum and erythroblastopenia crisis. The clinical significance of the viral B19V DNA persistence in sera after acute infection remains largely unknown. Such data may constitute a new clinical entity and is discussed in this manuscript. In 2002, despite the genetic diversity among B19V viruses has been reported to be very low, the description of markedly distinct sequences showed a new organization into three genotypes. The most recent common ancestor for B19V genotypes was estimated at early 1800s. B19V replication is enhanced by hypoxia and this might to explain the high viral load detected by quantitative PCR in the sera of infected patients. The minimum infectious dose necessary to transmit B19V infection by the transfusion of labile blood products remains unclear. At the opposite, the US Food and Drug Administration proposed a limit of 10(4)IU/mL of viral DNA in plasma pools used for the production of plasma derivatives. Recently, a new human parvovirus (PARV4) has been discovered. The consequences on blood transfusion of this blood-borne agent and its pathogenicity are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Servant-Delmas
- Institut national de la transfusion sanguine (INTS), département d'études des agents transmissibles par le sang, Centre national de référence des hépatites virales B et C et du VIH en transfusion, Paris, France
| | - F Morinet
- Pôle biologie-pathologie-physiologie, CHU Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 75010 Paris, France.
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7
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Distinctive Acellular Lipid Emboli in Hemoglobin SC Disease following Bone Marrow Infarction with Parvovirus Infection. Case Rep Hematol 2015; 2015:328065. [PMID: 26413358 PMCID: PMC4564603 DOI: 10.1155/2015/328065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An adolescent with mild hemoglobin SC disease presented with pelvic pain with subsequent respiratory and neurologic deterioration, which led to ultimately death. The autopsy demonstrated acellular fat emboli particularly in the lung and brain. There was marrow necrosis in the lumbar spine with aggregated sickle cells and positive parvovirus immunostaining. The brain lesion both grossly and microscopically presented a distinct pathology of acellular fat emboli that led to the correct diagnosis of this increasingly recognized association of sickle hemoglobinopathies with fat embolism syndrome (FES). A clinical diagnosis of FES is difficult to confirm in many patients with sickle hemoglobinopathy presenting with pain crisis because of concurrent illness. However, this case report highlights the need for a thorough knowledge of the signs and symptoms of the syndrome and a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis to be made premortem.
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Identification of past and recent parvovirus B19 infection in immunocompetent individuals by quantitative PCR and enzyme immunoassays: a dual-laboratory study. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:947-56. [PMID: 24403307 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02613-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a member of the family Parvoviridae, genus Erythrovirus. B19V-specific IgG and IgM react differently against conformational and linear epitopes of VP1 and VP2 antigens, leading to the development of IgG avidity and epitope type specificity (ETS) enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for distinguishing past from recent infection. Additionally, B19V viral load determination (by quantitative PCR [qPCR]) is increasingly used in the staging of B19V infection. In this study, the utility of these methods is compared. A panel of 78 sera was jointly tested by the Virus Reference Department (VRD), London, United Kingdom, and the Haartman Institute (HI), Helsinki, Finland, using a number of EIAs, e.g., B19V-specific IgG and IgM, IgG avidity, and ETS EIAs. At VRD, the sera were also tested by a B19V viral load PCR (qPCR). By consensus analysis, 43 (55.1%) sera represented past infection, 28 (35.9%) sera represented recent infection, and 7 (9.0%) sera were indeterminate. Both VRD B19V qPCR and HI B19V VP2 IgM EIA gave the highest agreement with consensus interpretation for past or recent infection, with an overall agreement of 99% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92 to 100) and positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% (95% CI, 87 to 100). Nine sera designated as representing past infection by consensus analysis were B19V IgM positive by a commercial VRD B19V IgM EIA and B19V IgM negative by a new HI in-house B19V VP2 IgM EIA. A new VRD B19V IgG avidity EIA showed good (>95%) agreement (excluding equivocal results) with consensus interpretations for past or recent infection. Correct discrimination of past from recent B19V infection was achieved through application of qPCR or by appropriate selection of EIAs.
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9
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Maple PA, Beard S, Parry RP, Brown KE. Testing UK blood donors for exposure to human parvovirus 4 using a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay to screen sera and Western blot to confirm reactive samples. Transfusion 2013; 53:2575-84. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A.C. Maple
- Immunisation and Diagnosis Unit, Virus Reference Department; Public Health England; London UK
| | - Stuart Beard
- Immunisation and Diagnosis Unit, Virus Reference Department; Public Health England; London UK
| | - Ruth P. Parry
- Immunisation and Diagnosis Unit, Virus Reference Department; Public Health England; London UK
| | - Kevin E. Brown
- Immunisation and Diagnosis Unit, Virus Reference Department; Public Health England; London UK
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10
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Simmonds P, Sharp CP, Donfield S, Gomperts ED. In reply. Transfusion 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Lee TH, Kleinman SH, Wen L, Montalvo L, Todd DS, Wright DJ, Tobler LH, Busch MP. Distribution of parvovirus B19 DNA in blood compartments and persistence of virus in blood donors. Transfusion 2011; 51:1896-908. [PMID: 21303368 PMCID: PMC3591477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.03035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because the receptor for parvovirus B19 (B19V) is on red blood cells (RBCs), we investigated B19V distribution in blood by in vitro spiking experiments and evaluated viral compartmentalization and persistence in natural infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Two whole blood (WB) protocols (ultracentrifugation and a rapid RBC lysis and removal protocol) were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. WB was spiked with known concentrations of B19V and recovery in various blood fractions was determined. The rapid RBC lysis and removal protocol was then used to compare B19V concentrations in 104 paired WB and plasma samples collected longitudinally from 43 B19V-infected donors with frozen specimens in the REDS Allogeneic Donor and Recipient Repository (RADAR). RESULTS In B19V spiking experiments, approximately one-third of viral DNA was recovered in plasma and two-thirds was loosely bound to RBCs. In the immunoglobulin (Ig)M-positive stage of infection in blood donors when plasma B19V DNA concentrations were greater than 100 IU/mL, median DNA concentrations were approximately 30-fold higher in WB than in plasma. In contrast, when IgM was absent and when the B19V DNA concentration was lower, the median WB-to-plasma ratio was approximately 1. Analysis of longitudinal samples demonstrated persistent detection of B19V in WB but declining ratios of WB to plasma B19V with declining plasma viral load levels and loss of IgM reactivity. CONCLUSIONS The WB-to-plasma B19V DNA ratio varies by stage of infection, with 30-fold higher concentrations of B19V DNA in WB relative to plasma during the IgM-positive stage of infection followed by comparable levels during persistent infection when only IgG is present. Further study is required to determine if this is related to the presence of circulating DNA-positive RBCs derived from B19V-infected erythroblasts, B19V-specific IgM-mediated binding of virus to cells, or other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven H. Kleinman
- Westat, Rockville, MD
- University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Li Wen
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael P. Busch
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA
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12
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Satake M, Hoshi Y, Taira R, Momose SY, Hino S, Tadokoro K. Symptomatic parvovirus B19 infection caused by blood component transfusion. Transfusion 2011; 51:1887-95. [PMID: 21332725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.03047.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a risk of transfusion-transmitted human parvovirus B19V (TT-B19V) infection has been a concern, there have been very few reports of clinically relevant TT-B19V caused by the transfusion of a B19V-containing blood component. It has therefore been a matter of debate whether a universal B19V screening with an appropriate sensitivity is required. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Through the Japanese Red Cross hemovigilance system, clinical reports on possible TT-B19V were collected from 1999 to 2008, during which B19V donor screening (sensitivity, 10(10) IU/mL) was conducted and repository blood samples from donors were available. RESULTS Eight patients with TT-B19V caused by component transfusion have been identified. Four patients developed sustained anemia and pure red blood cell (RBC) aplasia and one patient developed pancytopenia. The underlying diseases in these five patients were either hematologic malignancy or hemolytic diseases. The viral loads of the responsible components for these cases ranged from 10(3) to 10(8) IU/mL. Two patients who underwent surgical treatment without any hematologic disorder exhibited only moderate symptoms. The B19V DNA sequence identity between a patient and the linked blood donor was confirmed in five of the eight patients. All of the components responsible for the eight cases were positive for anti-B19V immunoglobulin (Ig)M. CONCLUSION Vulnerability to serious B19V-related hematologic disorders depended on the patient's underlying disease state of an enhanced erythropoiesis, not on the viral load of the component transfused. To prevent clinically relevant TT-B19V, a strategy is suggested in which patients at risk of acquiring RBC aplasia or pancytopenia are targeted.
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13
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Modrow S, Wenzel JJ, Schimanski S, Schwarzbeck J, Rothe U, Oldenburg J, Jilg W, Eis-Hübinger AM. Prevalence of nucleic acid sequences specific for human parvoviruses, hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses in coagulation factor concentrates. Vox Sang 2010; 100:351-8. [PMID: 21133933 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Due to their high resistance to inactivation procedures, nonenveloped viruses such as parvovirus B19, human bocavirus (HBoV), human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), hepatitis A (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) pose a particular threat to blood products. Virus transmission to patients treated with blood products presents an additional burden to disease. We determined the frequency and the amount of nucleic acid specific for nonenveloped viruses in recently manufactured preparations of commercial coagulation factor concentrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS At least three different batches of each of 13 different plasma-derived and recombinant coagulation factor products were tested for the presence and the amount of nucleic acid for parvovirus B19, HBoV, human parvovirus 4, hepatitis A virus and HEV by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Whereas none of the recombinant products tested positive for any of these viruses, parvovirus B19 DNA with amounts ranging between 2×10(1) and 1.3×10(3) genome equivalents/ml was detected in five plasma-derived products. In addition to parvovirus B19 genotype 1, genotypes 2 and 3 were observed in two batches of a factor VIII/von-Willebrand factor product. In two products (one factor VIII concentrate and one activated prothrombin complex concentrate), a combination of both genotypes 1 and 2 of parvovirus B19 was detected. CONCLUSION The data show that nucleic acids from several relevant nonenveloped viruses are not found at detectable levels in coagulation factor concentrates. In some cases, parvovirus B19 DNA was detectable at low levels. Testing of the plasma pools for the full range of parvovirus genotypes is advocated for ensuring product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Modrow
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany.
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14
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Blümel J, Burger R, Drosten C, Gröner A, Gürtler L, Heiden M, Hildebrandt M, Jansen B, Montag-Lessing T, Offergeld R, Pauli G, Seitz R, Schlenkrich U, Schottstedt V, Strobel J, Willkommen H, von König CHW. Parvovirus B19 - Revised. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 37:339-350. [PMID: 21483465 DOI: 10.1159/000322190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Blümel
- Arbeitskreis Blut, Untergruppe «Bewertung Blutassoziierter Krankheitserreger»
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15
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Eis-Hübinger AM, Drexler JF, Reber U, Panning M, Drosten C, Weber-Schehl M, Hedges D, Baylis SA, Roth WK. Absence of detection of novel human parvoviruses in German plasma donations. Transfusion 2010; 50:266-7. [PMID: 20233349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Zou S, Wu Y, Cable R, Dorsey K, Tang Y, Hapip CA, Melmed R, Trouern-Trend J, Carrano D, Champion M, Fujii K, Fang C, Dodd R. A prospective study of multiple donor exposure blood recipients: surveillance value and limitations for hemovigilance. Transfusion 2010; 50:128-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02386.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Impact de la diversité génétique des erythrovirus humains sur la sécurité infectieuse des médicaments dérivés du sang. Transfus Clin Biol 2009; 16:482-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Sharp CP, Lail A, Donfield S, Simmons R, Leen C, Klenerman P, Delwart E, Gomperts ED, Simmonds P. High frequencies of exposure to the novel human parvovirus PARV4 in hemophiliacs and injection drug users, as detected by a serological assay for PARV4 antibodies. J Infect Dis 2009; 200:1119-25. [PMID: 19691429 DOI: 10.1086/605646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PARV4 is a human parvovirus that was first detected in and cloned from an individual with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion-like illness and that subsequently persisted in the lymphoid tissue and bone marrow. In contrast to human parvovirus B19 infections, PARV4 infections are most frequently detected in injection drug users (IDUs), particularly those who are coinfected with HIV type 1 (HIV-1). To investigate the routes of transmission of PARV4 and to ascertain whether infections are acquired through plasma-derived blood products, we developed a novel anti-PARV4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine its seroprevalence in subjects with parenteral exposure. METHODS PARV4 viral protein 2 (VP2) was expressed and used as antigen in an indirect ELISA, to detect anti-PARV4 immunoglobulin G. RESULTS All 50 adult control subjects who were nonparenterally exposed to PARV4 were anti-PARV4 negative, in contrast to HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected IDUs, who had antibody frequencies of 67% and 33%, respectively. Predominantly parenteral transmission was confirmed by the finding of similar frequencies of infection among HIV-coinfected and HIV-uninfected hemophiliacs (11 of 20 individuals and 4 of 15 individuals, respectively) who were treated with nonvirally inactivated factor VIII/factor IX, whereas all but 1 of the 35 nonhemophiliac siblings of these siblings were found to be seronegative (despite having close household contact). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides convincing evidence that PARV4 is primarily transmitted parenterally. Evidence for widespread infection of hemophiliacs treated with nonvirally inactivated clotting factor creates fresh safety concerns for plasma-derived blood products, particularly because parvoviruses are relatively resistant to virus inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P Sharp
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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19
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Kleinman SH, Glynn SA, Lee TH, Tobler LH, Schlumpf KS, Todd DS, Qiao H, Yu MYW, Busch MP. A linked donor-recipient study to evaluate parvovirus B19 transmission by blood component transfusion. Blood 2009; 114:3677-83. [PMID: 19687508 PMCID: PMC2766683 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-225706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus B19V infection can be a serious infection for hematology patients with underlying hemolysis or compromised erythropoiesis syndromes. Although case reports of B19V transmission by blood component transfusion (as contrasted to manufactured plasma derivatives) are rare, no studies have systematically determined a rate of transmission to recipients transfused with B19V DNA-positive components. We used a linked donor and recipient repository and a sensitive, quantitative B19V DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to assess such transmission in B19V-susceptible (ie, anti-B19V immunoglobulin G [IgG] negative) recipients. We assessed 112 B19V DNA-positive components from 105 donors (of 12 529 tested donations) transfused into a population of surgical patients with a pretransfusion B19V IgG seroprevalence of 78%. We found no transmission to 24 susceptible recipients from transfusion of components with B19V DNA at concentrations less than 10(6) IU/mL (upper 95% confidence interval, 11.7%). We found an anamnestic IgG response in one pretransfusion seropositive recipient transfused with a component containing greater than 10(10) IU/mL B19V DNA. These findings show either that transmission from components with less than 10(6) IU/mL does not occur, or, if it does, it is an uncommon event. These data do not support the need to routinely screen blood donations with a sensitive B19V DNA nucleic acid assay.
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Analysis of nucleotide sequences of human parvovirus B19 genome reveals two different modes of evolution, a gradual alteration and a sudden replacement: a retrospective study in Sapporo, Japan, from 1980 to 2008. J Virol 2009; 83:10975-80. [PMID: 19710152 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00273-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been no long-term systematic analyses of the molecular epidemiology of human parvovirus B19 (B19V). We investigated the variations of nucleotide sequences of B19V strains collected in Sapporo, Japan, from 1980 to 2008. In that period, six outbreaks of erythema infectiosum occurred regularly at 5-year intervals. The B19V strains collected successively, regardless of the outbreak, were analyzed for nucleotide variation in the subgenomic NS1-VP1u junction. The isolated strains can be classified into 10 subgroups. Two patterns of change of endemic strains were observed. One was a dynamic replacement of strains that occurred almost every 10 years, and the other was a gradual change consisting of an accumulation of point mutations.
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Abstract
B19 infection-associated joint symptoms occur most frequently in adults, usually presenting as a self-limited, acute symmetric polyarthritis affecting the small joints of the hands, wrists, and knees. A small percentage of patients persist with chronic polyarthritis that mimics rheumatoid arthritis raising the question of whether B19 virus may have a role as a concomitant or precipitating factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions. Comprehensive and updated reviews address different aspects of human parvovirus infection. This article focuses on the evidence supporting the arthritogenic potential of the B19 virus and the proposed mechanisms that underlie it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Colmegna
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology and Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Room 1014, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Baylis SA, Buchheit KH. A proficiency testing study to evaluate laboratory performance for the detection of different genotypes of parvovirus B19. Vox Sang 2009; 97:13-20. [PMID: 19416495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In Europe, it is a regulatory requirement that parvovirus B19 (B19V) DNA nucleic acid amplification technique-based testing is performed on plasma pools for certain classes of plasma-derived medicinal products. This proficiency testing study set out to examine the ability of public quality control laboratories and plasma fractionation organizations to detect different genotypes of B19V using nucleic acid amplification technique-based assays. MATERIALS AND METHODS Laboratories were supplied with cloned DNAs representing the main genotypes of B19V. All samples were adjusted to equivalent copy number and were distributed as part of a routine external quality assessment programme investigating the evaluation of B19V containing plasma samples by these laboratories. The plasmid clones were distributed to 25 laboratories, representing 13 quality control laboratories and 12 manufacturers of plasma derivatives. The criteria for acceptable detection of the different genotypes of B19V DNA was based upon the maximum theoretical efficiency for polymerase chain reaction amplification. Proficient laboratories were deemed to be those reporting results within 1 log(10) dilution for each of the different virus genotypes. RESULTS Data were returned by 23 of the participating laboratories. Some laboratories returned data for more than one type of assay and in total 27 data sets were analysed. Nine of the participating laboratories were able to successfully detect all the virus genotypes according to the applied criteria, all except one used in-house assays. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study highlight that there are still discrepancies in the detection of a broad spectrum of B19V genotypes, with implications for batch release testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Baylis
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, UK.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2008; 21:684-93. [DOI: 10.1097/aco.0b013e328312c01b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Simmonds P, Douglas J, Bestetti G, Longhi E, Antinori S, Parravicini C, Corbellino M. A third genotype of the human parvovirus PARV4 in sub-Saharan Africa. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:2299-2302. [PMID: 18753240 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.2008/001180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PARV4 is a recently discovered human parvovirus widely distributed in injecting drug users in the USA and Europe, particularly in those co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Like parvovirus B19, PARV4 persists in previously exposed individuals. In bone marrow and lymphoid tissue, PARV4 sequences were detected in two sub-Saharan African study subjects with AIDS but without a reported history of parenteral exposure and who were uninfected with hepatitis C virus. PARV4 variants infecting these subjects were phylogenetically distinct from genotypes 1 and 2 (formerly PARV5) that were reported previously. Analysis of near-complete genome sequences demonstrated that they should be classified as a third (equidistant) PARV4 genotype. The availability of a further near-complete genome sequence of this novel genotype facilitated identification of conserved novel open reading frames embedded in the ORF2 coding sequence; one encoded a putative protein with identifiable homology to SAT proteins of members of the genus Parvovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Simmonds
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, UK
| | - Jill Douglas
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, UK
| | - Giovanna Bestetti
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine and Pathology Departments, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Longhi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine and Pathology Departments, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine and Pathology Departments, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Parravicini
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine and Pathology Departments, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Corbellino
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine and Pathology Departments, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
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Schneider B, Fryer JF, Oldenburg J, Brackmann HH, Baylis SA, Eis-Hübinger AM. Frequency of contamination of coagulation factor concentrates with novel human parvovirus PARV4. Haemophilia 2008; 14:978-86. [PMID: 18565125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2008.01800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human parvovirus, PARV4 was identified in a plasma sample from a patient presenting with symptoms resembling acute HIV infection. Further strains of PARV4 and those of a closely related variant virus, were identified in plasma pools used in the manufacture of blood derivatives. DNA sequence analysis of these strains demonstrated two distinct PARV4 genotypes. It has subsequently been proposed that transmission of PARV4 occurs by parenteral routes. To investigate the risk of contamination of plasma-derived coagulation factor concentrates, we analysed 169 lots for PARV4 DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples were confirmed by nucleotide sequence analysis and quantification of the viral load. Twenty-one lots, representing eight different products were administered until the beginning of the 1980s and were not virally inactivated. Two lots examined were used in 1997, and 146 lots representing 13 products had been administered between October 2000 and February 2003. PARV4 DNA was detected in 7(33%) of the formerly administered lots, in one lot used in 1997, and in 13(9%) recently used lots. PARV4 genotype 2 DNA was predominantly present in the older concentrates, whilst genotype 1 was found more frequently in recently used lots. In three lots, both PARV4 genotypes were detected. Viral loads ranged between <100 and 10(5.8) copies mL(-1) of product, with higher viral loads in the older concentrates. The results show that PARV4 contamination can be detected in an appreciable proportion of clotting factor concentrates. Further studies are needed to determine whether or not PARV4 contamination of coagulation factors causes harm to the product recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schneider
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
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Rapid sequence change and geographical spread of human parvovirus B19: comparison of B19 virus evolution in acute and persistent infections. J Virol 2008; 82:6427-33. [PMID: 18417586 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00471-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 is a common human pathogen maintained by horizontal transmission between acutely infected individuals. However, B19 virus can also be detected in tissues throughout the life of the host, although little is understood about the nature of such persistence. In the current study, we created large VP1/2 sequence data sets of plasma- and tissue (autopsy)-derived variants of B19 virus with known sample dates to compare the rates of sequence change in exogenous virus populations with those in persistently infected individuals. By using linear regression and likelihood-based methods (such as the BEAST program), we found that plasma-derived B19 virus showed a substitution rate of 4 x 10(-4) and an unconstrained (synonymous)-substitution rate of 18 x 10(-4) per site per year, several times higher than previously estimated and within the range of values for mammalian RNA viruses. The underlying high mutation frequency implied by these substitution rates may enable rapid adaptive changes that are more commonly ascribed to RNA virus populations. These revised estimates predict that the last common ancestor for currently circulating genotype 1 variants of B19 virus existed around 1956 to 1959, fitting well with previous analyses of the B19 virus "bioportfolio" that support a complete cessation of genotype 2 infections and their replacement by genotype 1 infections in the 1960s. In contrast, the evolution of B19 virus amplified from tissue samples was best modeled by using estimated dates of primary infection rather than sample dates, consistent with slow or absent sequence change during persistence. Determining what epidemiological or biological factors led to such a complete and geographically extensive population replacement over this short period is central to further understanding the nature of parvovirus evolution.
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