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Suga Y, Tashiro K, Staub Y, Komura S, Yamada S, Morishita E, Asakura H. Potential of continuous tPA infusion for multiple-organ failure from lipopolysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rats. Thromb Res 2021; 206:84-87. [PMID: 34425348 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Suga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Kiyomichi Tashiro
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yukiko Staub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shiori Komura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamada
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Eriko Morishita
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hidesaku Asakura
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
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Suga Y, Takahashi Y, Shimada T, Yamada S, Morishita E, Asakura H. Effect of NOS Inhibitors and Anticoagulants on Nitric Oxide Production in a Tissue-factor Induced Rat DIC Model. In Vivo 2021; 35:1999-2004. [PMID: 34182474 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We examined the mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) production in a tissue-factor (TF)-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) model in rats, using inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor (L-NIL), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor (L-NAME), Factor Xa inhibitor (DX-9065a), and thrombin inhibitor argatroban. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental DIC was induced by sustained infusion of 3.75 U/kg TF for 4 h via the tail vein. We then investigated the effect of these four agents on TF-induced DIC. RESULTS Administration of L-NIL or L-NAME during induction of TF-induced DIC did not affect hemostatic markers, whereas elevated plasma levels of NO metabolites (NOX) were significantly suppressed by co-administration of L-NAME. A significant increase in eNOS-mRNA expression was observed in the TF-induced DIC model. Argatroban almost completely suppressed eNOS-mRNA expression. CONCLUSION eNOS plays an important role in the NO production in the TF-induced DIC, and thrombin is a key stimulant of eNOS-mRNA expression in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukio Suga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan;
| | - Yoko Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Healthcare Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shimada
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamada
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Eriko Morishita
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidesaku Asakura
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
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Boronat A, Mateus J, Soldevila-Domenech N, Guerra M, Rodríguez-Morató J, Varon C, Muñoz D, Barbosa F, Morales JC, Gaedigk A, Langohr K, Covas MI, Pérez-Mañá C, Fitó M, Tyndale RF, de la Torre R. Cardiovascular benefits of tyrosol and its endogenous conversion into hydroxytyrosol in humans. A randomized, controlled trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:471-481. [PMID: 31479717 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The simple phenol hydroxytyrosol (OHTyr) has been associated with the beneficial health effects of extra virgin olive oil. Pre-clinical studies have identified Tyr hydroxylation, mediated by cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP2A6 and CYP2D6, as an additional source of OHTyr. AIM We aimed to (i) confirm Tyr to OHTyr bioconversion in vivo in humans, (ii) assess the cardiovascular benefits of this bioconversion, and (iii) determine their interaction with a polygenic activity score (PAS) from CYP2A6 and CYP2D6 genotypes. METHODS Randomized, crossover, controlled study. Individuals at cardiovascular risk (n = 33) received: white wine (WW) (females 1, males 2 standard drinks/day), WW plus Tyr capsules (WW + Tyr) (25 mg Tyr capsule, one per WW drink), and water (control) ad libitum. Participants were classified by a PAS as low versus normal activity metabolizers. RESULTS OHTyr recovery following WW + Tyr was higher than after other interventions (P < 0.05). Low PAS individuals had lower OHTyr/Tyr ratios compared to individuals with normal PAS. WW + Tyr improved endothelial function, increased plasma HDL-cholesterol and antithrombin IIII, and decreased plasma homocysteine, endothelin 1, and CD40L, P65/RELA, and CFH gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p < 0.05). Combining Tyr capsule(s) with WW abolished the increase in iNOS, eNOS, VEGFA, and CHF expressions promoted by WW (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Tyr, and its partial biotransformation into OHTyr, promoted cardiovascular health-related benefits in humans after dietary doses of Tyr. The study design allowed the health effects of individual phenols to be singled out from the dietary matrix in which they are naturally found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Mateus
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Guerra
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Varon
- Department of Pharmacy, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig de Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francina Barbosa
- CAP Barceloneta, Parc Sanitari Rovira Virgili, Passeig Marítim, 25 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Morales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento 17, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Andreas Gaedigk
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; NUPROAS Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Wang B, Wu S, Ma Z, Wang T, Yang C. BMSCs pre-treatment ameliorates inflammation-related tissue destruction in LPS-induced rat DIC model. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1024. [PMID: 30282969 PMCID: PMC6170466 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) model rats and to further explore the underlying mechanism. A rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DIC was successfully established, as indicated by impaired plasma hemostatic parameters and damaged organ functions in rats. Importantly, pre-treatment with rat allogeneic BMSCs before LPS injection significantly alleviated systemic intravascular coagulation, reduced plasma levels of organ dysfunction indicators and pro-inflammatory cytokines, suppressed fibrin microthrombi formation, ameliorated liver, heart, and renal injuries, and increased 24-hour survival rates in LPS-induced DIC rats. The protection of BMSCs against DIC was in a moderately dose-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that BMSCs co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) significantly inhibited the LPS-stimulated PBMCs proliferation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from PBMCs. Of note, upregulation of immunosuppressive factors including indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and interleukin-10, which was induced by interferon-γ, contributed to BMSCs-mediated inhibition of LPS-stimulated PBMCs proliferation. These effects do not depend on the direct cell-cell contact. In conclusion, BMSCs pre-treatment ameliorates inflammation-related tissue destruction in LPS-induced DIC model rats. The protection of BMSCs may be attributed to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which render BMSCs a promising source for stem cell-based therapeutic approaches in inflammation-related DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Shuming Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zengshan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Changyong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Yagmurdur H, Binnetoglu K, Astarci HM, Yagmurdur MC. Propofol attenuates cytokine-mediated upregulation of expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and apoptosis during regeneration post-partial hepatectomy. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:396-406. [PMID: 28591369 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170050000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the effects of propofol and ketamine anesthesia on liver regeneration in rats after partial hepatectomy (PHT). Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were assigned randomly to four groups of 10. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with propofol in groups 1 and 2, and with ketamine in groups 3 and 4. PHT was undertaken in groups 1 and 3. Rats in groups 2 and 4 (control groups) underwent an identical surgical procedure, but without PHT. At postoperative day-5, rats were killed. Regenerated liver was removed, weighed, and evaluated (by immunohistochemical means) for expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), apoptosis protease-activating factor (APAF)-1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Also, blood samples were collected for measurement of levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. Results: Between groups 2 and 4, there were no differences in tissue levels of iNOS, eNOS, and APAF-1 or plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6. eNOS expression was similar in group 1 and group 3. Expression of iNOS and APAF-1 was mild-to-moderate in group 1, but significantly higher in group 3. Groups 1 and 3 showed an increase in PCNA expression, but expression in both groups was comparable. Plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 increased to a lesser degree in group 1 than in group 3. Conclusion: Propofol, as an anesthetic agent, may attenuate cytokine-mediated upregulation of iNOS expression and apoptosis in an animal model of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Yagmurdur
- Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey. Conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; manuscript writing; critical revision
| | - Kenan Binnetoglu
- Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey. Design of the study, manuscript writing
| | - Hesna Muzeyyen Astarci
- MD, Department of Pathology, Ministry of Health Ankara Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; manuscript writing
| | - Mahmut Can Yagmurdur
- Professor, Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey. Conception of the study, analysis and interpretation of data, manuscript writing, critical revision
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La Mura V, Pasarín M, Rodriguez-Vilarrupla A, García-Pagán JC, Bosch J, Abraldes JG. Liver sinusoidal endothelial dysfunction after LPS administration: a role for inducible-nitric oxide synthase. J Hepatol 2014; 61:1321-7. [PMID: 25038487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sepsis is associated with microvascular dysfunction, which contributes to organ failure. Intrahepatic endothelial dysfunction occurs after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been shown to contribute to systemic vascular dysfunction after LPS administration. However, little is known about the effects of iNOS induction on the liver microcirculation. This study aimed at exploring, in the isolated rat liver perfusion model, the role of iNOS induction in liver microvascular dysfunction associated with endotoxemia. METHODS All experiments were conducted in male Wistar rats, after 24 h of LPS (5 mg/kg i.p.) or saline administration in the presence or absence of the iNOS inhibitor 1400 W (3 mg/kg i.p.), administered 3 and 23 h after LPS/saline injection. Liver microvascular function was assessed by isolated liver perfusion, followed by molecular studies and liver function tests. RESULTS At 24 h, LPS induced liver endothelial dysfunction, as shown by a decreased vasodilatory response to acetylcholine and decreased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser(1176). This was associated with liver injury, assessed by an increase in liver transaminases and decreased indocyanin green clearance, and increased nitrooxidative stress. iNOS inhibition prevented liver endothelial dysfunction, blunted the development of liver injury and attenuated LPS-induced nitrooxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS iNOS upregulation contributes to liver microvascular dysfunction in endotoxemia. This suggests that this mechanism deserves further exploration in studies addressing liver protection in the context of severe acute bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo La Mura
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marcos Pasarín
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain
| | - Aina Rodriguez-Vilarrupla
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain
| | - Juan Carlos García-Pagán
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain
| | - Jaime Bosch
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain
| | - Juan G Abraldes
- Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Spain; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Sheng S, Wang J, Wang L, Liu H, Li P, Liu M, Long C, Xie C, Xie X, Su W. Network pharmacology analyses of the antithrombotic pharmacological mechanism of Fufang Xueshuantong Capsule with experimental support using disseminated intravascular coagulation rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:735-744. [PMID: 24832112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang Xueshuantong (FXST) Capsule is developed on a traditional Chinese medicine remedy, with a four-herb formula of Panax notoginseng, Radix astragali, Salvia miltiorrhizae and Radix scrophulariaceae. It has been used for treatment of the clinic cardiovascular disease for many years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Due to its complexity of compositions and polypharmacological effects, it often complicates understanding of the mechanisms of action. In the present work, we have constructed an integrated model of system pharmacology to investigate the polypharmacological mechanisms of FXST formulation for treatment of thrombosis disease. RESULTS The predicted results showed that 22 ingredients in FXST were closely associated with 41 protein targets related to blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation. Through analysis of the compound-protein target association, significant cross-targets between each herb indicated the multiple active chemical ingredients might interact with the same target simultaneously and thus explained the synergistic mechanisms of the principle of Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) as ''Jun (emperor) - Chen (minister) - Zuo (adjuvant) - Shi (courier)''. To validate the polypharmacological effects predicted by our network pharmacology (NetPharm) analysis, we have carried out experimental investigation the effects of FXST on the disorders of the blood coagulation system in a lipopolysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) rat model. The results showed that FXST could significantly ameliorate the activation of coagulation system, which is congruent with the cross-target prediction by NetPharm approach. CONCLUSIONS The combined investigations provide more insight into better understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of FXST, and may also offer an alternative avenue to further explore the chemical and pharmacological basis of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Sheng
- Guangzhou Quality R & D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, PR China
| | - Jinxu Wang
- Guangzhou Quality R & D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China; Visiting Scholar in Xie's laboratory at University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Lirong Wang
- Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Guangzhou Quality R & D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Peibo Li
- Guangzhou Quality R & D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Guangzhou Quality R & D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Chaofeng Long
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, PR China
| | - Chengshi Xie
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, PR China
| | - Xiangqun Xie
- Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangzhou Quality R & D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Berthelsen LO, Kristensen AT, Tranholm M. Animal models of DIC and their relevance to human DIC: a systematic review. Thromb Res 2011; 128:103-16. [PMID: 21215993 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a severe clinical condition with activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Its diagnosis is based on the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) scoring system of DIC. Animal models of DIC, used to investigate pathophysiology and evaluate treatments, have not been developed in a standardized way, which impedes comparison between models and translation to the human setting. In the current review of animal models of DIC an overview of species, inducers, and dosing regimens is provided. Diagnostic approaches are compared in the light of the ISTH score and treatments tested in animal models of DIC are summarized. Systematic analysis revealed that the rat is by far the preferred species amongst animal models of DIC and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) the preferred inducer of DIC. An overview of the reporting of ISTH DIC score parameters elucidated that only about 25% of the studies measure all of the four parameters necessary for the implementation the ISTH scoring system. Furthermore, most therapeutic interventions tested in animal models of DIC are administered prophylactically, which may be irrelevant to the clinical setting and could explain why compounds effective in preclinical animal models often fail in clinical trials. It is concluded that Implementation of a scoring system in animal models of DIC may increase the ability to compare DIC amongst animal models and improve the translational aspect of treatment effect.
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Çöl R, Durgun Z. Effect of recombinant interleukin-10 on some haematological and biochemical parameters in a rat endotoxaemic model. Acta Vet Hung 2011; 59:237-45. [PMID: 21665577 DOI: 10.1556/avet.2011.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant interleukin-10 (rIL10) has been found to suppress the synthesis of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tissue factor and to improve survival from experimental sepsis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of rIL-10 on lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-) induced haematological and biochemical disturbances in rats. In the present study, 40 rats were used and divided equally into four groups. Group 1 (control group, C) was treated with 0.9% saline. Group 2: LPS was injected intravenously (1.6 mg/100 g), Group 3 received rIL10 treatment (125 μg/kg) 2 min before 0.9% saline injection, Group 4 received rIL10 treatment 2 min before endotoxin treatment. When compared with the controls, platelet count, leukocyte count (with a marked neutrophilia and lymphopenia) and fibrinogen were decreased, while activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were prolonged in the endotoxaemic rats. In addition, LPS caused statistically significant increases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities as well as creatinine, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, while it caused a statistically significant decrease in glucose, total protein and albumin levels as compared to the control group. On the other hand, rIL10 significantly suppressed disturbances in the haematological and biochemical parameters associated with endotoxaemia. As a result, rIL10 may be efficacious in preventing haematological disorders, tissue damage and changes in lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism in endotoxaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Çöl
- 1 University of Selçuk Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Campus 42031 Selçuklu, Konya Turkey
| | - Zafer Durgun
- 1 University of Selçuk Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Campus 42031 Selçuklu, Konya Turkey
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Abstract
During sepsis, the plasma levels of numerous inflammatory markers are enhanced. Some of these markers are the mediators responsible for the syndromes observed during sepsis as well as for organ dysfunction and eventually death. Their role has been demonstrated in experimental models that employed either transgenic and gene-targeted animals or the use of neutralizing agents. Accordingly, anaphylatoxins generated after complement system activation, factors of coagulation and fibrinolysis, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, lipid mediators, nitric oxide, and cell markers of stress (eg, high mobility group box-1) have been shown to contribute to the deleterious events observed during sepsis. On the other hand, the counter-regulation of the inflammatory process, which involves mediators such as anti-inflammatory cytokines and some neuromediators, can jeopardize the immune status of the host and render the patients more sensitive to nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Marc Cavaillon
- Unit Cytokines and Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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Heemskerk S, Masereeuw R, Russel FGM, Pickkers P. Selective iNOS inhibition for the treatment of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol 2009; 5:629-40. [PMID: 19786992 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2009.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of sepsis and the associated development of acute kidney injury (AKI) remain high, despite intense research into potential treatments. Targeting the inflammatory response and/or sepsis-induced alterations in the (micro)circulation are two therapeutic strategies. Another approach could involve modulating the downstream mechanisms that are responsible for organ system dysfunction. Activation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) during sepsis leads to elevated NO levels that influence renal hemodynamics and cause peroxynitrite-related tubular injury through the local generation of reactive nitrogen species. In many organs iNOS is not constitutively expressed; however, it is constitutively expressed in the kidney and, in humans, a relationship between the upregulation of renal iNOS and proximal tubular injury during systemic inflammation has been demonstrated. For these reasons, the selective inhibition of renal iNOS might have important implications for the treatment of sepsis-induced AKI. Various animal studies have demonstrated that selective iNOS inhibition-in contrast to nonselective NOS inhibition-attenuates sepsis-induced renal dysfunction and improves survival, a finding that warrants investigation in clinical trials. In this Review, the selective inhibition of iNOS as a potential novel treatment for sepsis-induced AKI is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Heemskerk
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Choi WI, Kwon KY, Seo JW, Beagle J, Quinn DA, Hales CA. The role of phosphodiesterase 3 in endotoxin-induced acute kidney injury. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9:80. [PMID: 19486524 PMCID: PMC2694814 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury frequently accompanies sepsis. Endotoxin is known to reduce tissue levels of cAMP and low levels of cAMP have been associated with renal injury. We, therefore, hypothesized that endotoxin induced renal injury by activating phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) which metabolizes cAMP and that amrinone an inhibitor of PDE3 would prevent the renal injury. Methods Animals were divided into three groups (n = 7/group): 1) Control (0.9% NaCl infusion without LPS); 2) LPS (0.9% NaCl infusion with LPS); 3) Amrinone+LPS (Amrinone infusion with LPS). Either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or vehicle was injected via the jugular vein and the rats followed for 3 hours. We explored the expression of PDE3 isoenzymes and the concentrations of cAMP in the tissue. Results The PDE3B gene but not PDE3A was upregulated in the kidney of LPS group. Immunohistochemistry also showed that PDE3B was expressed in the distal tubule in the controls and LPS caused PDE3B expression in the proximal as well. However, PDE3A was not expressed in the kidney either in the control or LPS treated groups. Tissue level of cAMP was decreased after LPS and was associated with an increase in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, ultrastructural proximal tubular changes, and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the endotoxemic kidney. In septic animals the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, amrinone, preserved the tissue cAMP level, renal structural changes, and attenuated the increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and iNOS expression in the kidney. Conclusion These findings suggest a significant role for PDE3B as an important mediator of LPS-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Il Choi
- Pulmonary Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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Hayashi H, Shimizu K, Tani T, Takamura H, Takeshita M, Nakamura K, Ninomiya I, Fushida S, Harada SI, Kayahara M. Effect of porto-systemic shunting on NOS expression after extended hepatectomy in rats. Hepatol Res 2009; 39:78-85. [PMID: 18713274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2008.00404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Several surgical procedures have been developed for reducing portal vein pressure to prevent postoperative liver injury. Nitric oxide synthase expression (NOS) induced by elevation of portal vein pressure is thought to play an important role in liver regeneration, but the details are not well understood. METHODS Rats in the control group and in the subcutaneous splenic transposition (SST) group underwent 90% partial hepatectomy. Survival and portal vein pressure were analyzed. The serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis 12 hours after hepatectomy were analyzed immunohistochemically. The protein and messenger RNA expression of inducible and endothelial NOS were analyzed using Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS The survival rate of the SST group was significantly higher. Portal vein pressure, TNF-alpha level and the apoptotic index were significantly lower in the SST group. Twelve hours after surgery, liver inducible NOS (iNOS) protein expression was significantly lower in the SST group. However, protein expression of endothelial NOS was not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION Inducible NOS expression after extended hepatectomy is related to the effects of porto-systemic shunting on the splanchnic circulation. Also, iNOS induction and concomitant nitric oxide generation appear to participate in the cytotoxicity of excessive portal pressure after extended hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Serebrovskaya TV, Manukhina EB, Smith ML, Downey HF, Mallet RT. Intermittent hypoxia: cause of or therapy for systemic hypertension? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2008; 233:627-50. [PMID: 18408145 DOI: 10.3181/0710-mr-267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During acute episodes of hypoxia, chemoreceptor-mediated sympathetic activity increases heart rate, cardiac output, peripheral resistance and systemic arterial pressure. However, different intermittent hypoxia paradigms produce remarkably divergent effects on systemic arterial pressure in the post-hypoxic steady state. The hypertensive effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) vs. the depressor effects of therapeutic hypoxia exemplify this divergence. OSA, a condition afflicting 15-25% of American men and 5-10% of women, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic hypertension and is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. OSA imposes a series of brief, intense episodes of hypoxia and hypercapnia, leading to persistent, maladaptive chemoreflex-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system which culminates in hypertension. Conversely, extensive evidence in animals and humans has shown controlled intermittent hypoxia conditioning programs to be safe, efficacious modalities for prevention and treatment of hypertension. This article reviews the pertinent literature in an attempt to reconcile the divergent effects of intermittent hypoxia therapy and obstructive sleep apnea on hypertension. Special emphasis is placed on research conducted in the nations of the former Soviet Union, where intermittent hypoxia conditioning programs are being applied therapeutically to treat hypertension in patients. Also reviewed is evidence regarding mechanisms of the pro- and anti-hypertensive effects of intermittent hypoxia.
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Quaschning T, Voss F, Herzfeld S, Relle K, Kalk P, Godes M, Pfab T, Kraemer-Guth A, Bonz AW, Theuring F, Galle J, Hocher B. Lack of iNOS Impairs Endothelial Function in Endothelin-1 Transgenic Mice. Kidney Blood Press Res 2008; 31:127-34. [DOI: 10.1159/000124285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Eum HA, Park SW, Lee SM. Role of nitric oxide in the expression of hepatic vascular stress genes in response to sepsis. Nitric Oxide 2007; 17:126-33. [PMID: 17889572 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the role of nitric oxide (NO) on the expression of the hepatic vasoregulatory gene during polymicrobial sepsis. Aminoguanidine (AG, 100 mg/kg) or Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at 0, 3, 6, 10, and 20 h after a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The heart rate increased 24 h after the CLP, and this increase was attenuated by L-NAME and further attenuated by AG. The mean arterial pressure in the CLP animals did not change significantly 24 h after the onset of sepsis but was increased after the L-NAME injection. Sepsis increased the serum aminotransferase levels, which were attenuated by AG but augmented by L-NAME. CLP increased the mRNA level of the ET-1 and ETB receptors in the liver. This increase was prevented by AG but augmented by L-NAME. The level of iNOS and HO-1 mRNA expression were increased by CLP, which was prevented by both AG and L-NAME. The level of TNF-alpha and COX-2 mRNA expression increased after CLP, and was attenuated by AG. These results show that iNOS and eNOS are regulated differently in sepsis. While eNOS appears to have a protective role in liver microcirculation, the strong upregulation of iNOS might contribute to a microvascular dysfunction and hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ae Eum
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, South Korea
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Rose R, Banerjee A, Ramaiah SK. Calpain inhibition attenuates iNOS production and midzonal hepatic necrosis in a repeat dose model of endotoxemia in rats. Toxicol Pathol 2007; 34:785-94. [PMID: 17162536 DOI: 10.1080/01926230600932497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) induces hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation and neutrophil infiltration in various organs including the lung, kidney and liver. A rat endotoxemic neutrophilic hepatitis model (repeat dose LPS, 10 mg/kg, i.v. 24 hours apart) was developed exhibiting hepatic neutrophil infiltration and mid-zonal hepatic necrosis. The goal of the study was to investigate the role of the intracellular enzyme calpain in the development of neutrophilic hepatitis with midzonal necrosis in this model. A second goal was to compare the observed protective effects of calpain inhibition with a relatively selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) and an inhibitor of coagulation, heparin. When compared to rats administered LPS alone, administration of calpain 1 inhibitor prior to LPS significantly reduced hepatic iNOS expression, hepatic neutrophil infiltration and attenuated midzonal hepatic necrosis. Administration of AG or heparin prior to LPS also decreased liver iNOS expression, hepatic neutrophil infiltration and liver pathology comparable to calpain inhibition. Blood neutrophil activation, as measured by the neutrophil adhesion molecule CD11b integrin, was upregulated in all the LPS treated groups regardless of inhibitor administration. We conclude that amelioration of liver pathology via calpain inhibition is likely dependent on the down-regulation of iNOS expression in the rat model of LPS-mediated hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rose
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4467, USA
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Asakura H, Takahashi Y, Kubo A, Ontachi Y, Hayashi T, Omote M, Arahata M, Kadohira Y, Maekawa M, Yamazaki M, Morishita E, Takami A, Yoshida T, Miyamoto KI, Nakao S. Immunoglobulin preparations attenuate organ dysfunction and hemostatic abnormality by suppressing the production of cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rats. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:2421-5. [PMID: 16810104 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000230382.38989.4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We attempted to clarify the effect of immunoglobulin concentrates on the rat lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) model. DESIGN Prospective, comparative, experimental study. SETTING Laboratory at a university hospital. SUBJECTS Male Wistar rats, aged 6 to 7 wks and weighing 160 to 170 g. INTERVENTIONS Two kinds of experiments were performed. In the first, experimental DIC was induced by sustained infusion of 30 mg/kg LPS for 4 hrs via the tail vein, and two doses of immunoglobulin (25 or 100 mg/kg/4.5 hrs) were administered to rats 30 mins before infusion of LPS, after which immunoglobulin infusion was continued for a further 4 hrs. In the second, experimental DIC was induced by sustained infusion (5 mg/kg/1 hr) of LPS for 1 hr, and one dose of immunoglobulin (100 mg/kg/4 hrs) was administered to rats after LPS induction. The parameters were estimated at 4 hrs and 8 hrs in the first experiment and at 1, 5, and 10 hrs in the second one. MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS Similar results were observed in the two experiments. Consumption coagulopathy and hemostatic activation were attenuated, especially when immunoglobulin was administered before LPS infusion. Plasma levels of creatinine and alanine aminotransferase were significantly depressed by coadministration of immunoglobulin. Marked glomerular fibrin deposition was observed in the LPS-induced DIC model, but this deposition was reduced by immunoglobulin. In the first stage of the experiment, plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 were suppressed by coadministration of immunoglobulin. In the second, plasma levels of IL-6 were significantly suppressed by immunoglobulin. CONCLUSION It was concluded that plasma levels of TNF and IL-6 could be significantly suppressed by immunoglobulin in the LPS-induced DIC model. Moreover, hemostatic abnormality, organ dysfunction, and glomerular fibrin deposition in this model were all ameliorated by immunoglobulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidesaku Asakura
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan.
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Heemskerk S, Pickkers P, Bouw MPWJM, Draisma A, van der Hoeven JG, Peters WHM, Smits P, Russel FGM, Masereeuw R. Upregulation of Renal Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase during Human Endotoxemia and Sepsis Is Associated with Proximal Tubule Injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 1:853-62. [PMID: 17699297 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.00490206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and the mortality of septic acute kidney injury are high, partly because the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced renal dysfunction is not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the upregulation of renal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human endotoxemia and sepsis and the effect of NO on tubular integrity. Septic patients and endotoxemia that was induced by a bolus injection of 2 ng/kg Escherichia coli LPS in human volunteers were studied. In addition, the effect of co-administration of the selective iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine was evaluated. The urinary excretion of the cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase-A1 (GSTA1-1) and GSTP1-1, markers for proximal and distal tubule damage, respectively, was determined. In septic patients, an almost 40-fold induction of iNOS mRNA in cells that were isolated from urine was found accompanied by a significant increase in NO metabolites in blood. The mRNA expression of iNOS was induced 34-fold after endotoxin administration. LPS-treated healthy volunteers showed a higher urinary excretion of NO metabolites compared with control subjects. Urinary NO metabolite excretion correlated with urinary GSTA1-1 excretion, indicating proximal tubule damage, whereas no distal tubular damage was observed. Co-administration of aminoguanidine reduced the upregulation of iNOS mRNA, urinary NO metabolite, and GSTA1-1 excretion, indicating that upregulation of iNOS and subsequent NO production may be responsible for renal proximal tubule damage observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Heemskerk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (149), Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zahmatkesh M, Kadkhodaee M, Arab HA, Shams S. Effects of Co-Administration of an iNOS Inhibitor with a Broad-Spectrum Reactive Species Scavenger in Rat Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 103:e119-25. [PMID: 16554662 DOI: 10.1159/000092197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally believed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and nitric oxide (NO) generation by the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are the key mediators of ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced damage to the kidney. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ROS and NOS inhibition in prevention of renal IR injury. MnTBAP (Manganese (III) meso-tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin), a broad-spectrum reactive species scavenger was administered to inhibit ROS formation and L-Nil (N6-(1-iminoethyl)-L-lysine hydrochloride) was used for iNOS inhibition. METHODS Ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) was induced by 40-min clamping of the renal arteries followed by a 6-hour reperfusion. Rats were administered saline, MnTBAP (10 mg/kg i.v.), L-Nil (3 mg/kg i.v. bolus followed by infusion of 1 mg/kg/h) or co-administration of MnTBAP and L-Nil. Plasma creatinine (Cr) and BUN levels as well as fractional excretion of Na+ (FE(Na+)) and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were measured. Renal damages were evaluated by light microscopy. RESULTS MnTBAP, L-Nil and their co-administration significantly improved renal functional and histological indices. Co-administration of the mentioned drugs did not demonstrate significant difference with the administration of either drug alone. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the significant portion of ROS and iNOS nephrotoxicities in this model of ARF may be mediated by peroxynitrite (ONOO-). These results emphasize the multifactorial nature of ARF and the need for a multidrug therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zahmatkesh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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