1
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Xiao J, Dong Y, Jin J, Yuan Z, Wang C, Xiang R, Guo Y. A missense variant in MYOF is associated with ARVC and sudden cardiac death. Gene 2024; 902:148193. [PMID: 38253296 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that leads to severe arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Although previous studies in clinical, pathological and genetics of ARVC established consensus diagnostic criteria and expanded the spectrum of pathogenic genes, there is still a proportion of patients with unclear causative factors. Here, whole-exome sequencing was employed to investigate the genetic etiology of a 15-year-old sudden cardiac death female caused by ARVC. A novel variant of MYOF (NM_013451.3: c.4723G > C: p.D1575H) was identified, which is a member of the Ferlin family of proteins is associated with cardiomyopathy. And the bioinformatics analysis predicted the pathogenicity of this variant. We report the first variant of MYOF in ARVC, which imply a vital role of MYOF in cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xiao
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Jieyuan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zhuangzhuang Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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2
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Porta-Sánchez A, Priori SG. Genetic Abnormalities of the Sinoatrial Node and Atrioventricular Conduction. Cardiol Clin 2023; 41:333-347. [PMID: 37321685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The peculiar electrophysiological properties of the sinoatrial node and the cardiac conduction system are key components of the normal physiology of cardiac impulse generation and propagation. Multiple genes and transcription factors and metabolic proteins are involved in their development and regulation. In this review, we have summarized the genetic underlying causes, key clinical findings, and the latest available clinical evidence. We will discuss clinical diagnosis and management of the genetic conditions associated with conduction disorders that are more prevalent in clinical practice, for this reason, very rare genetic diseases presenting sinus node or cardiac conduction system abnormalities are not discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Porta-Sánchez
- Cardiología Molecular, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Cardiología, Unidad de Arritmias, Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Giuliana Priori
- Cardiología Molecular, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) Madrid, Spain; Molecular Medicine Department, University of Pavia, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
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3
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Sinus node dysfunction and atrial fibrillation-Relationships, clinical phenotypes, new mechanisms, and treatment approaches. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101890. [PMID: 36813137 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Although the anatomical basis of the pathogenesis of sinus node dysfunction (SND) and atrial fibrillation (AF) is located primarily in the left and right atria, increasing evidence suggests a strong correlation between SND and AF, in terms of both clinical presentation and formation mechanisms. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. The relationship between SND and AF may not be causal, but is likely to involve common factors and mechanisms, including ion channel remodeling, gap junction abnormalities, structural remodeling, genetic mutations, neuromodulation abnormalities, the effects of adenosine on cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress, and viral infections. Ion channel remodeling manifests primarily as alterations in the "funny" current (If) and Ca2+ clock associated with cardiomyocyte autoregulation, and gap junction abnormalities are manifested primarily as decreased expression of connexins (Cxs) mediating electrical impulse propagation in cardiomyocytes. Structural remodeling refers primarily to fibrosis and cardiac amyloidosis (CA). Some genetic mutations can also cause arrhythmias, such as SCN5A, HCN4, EMD, and PITX2. The intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system (ICANS), a regulator of the heart's physiological functions, triggers arrhythmias.In addition, we discuss arrhythmias caused by viral infections, notably Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Similarly to upstream treatments for atrial cardiomyopathy such as alleviating CA, ganglionated plexus (GP) ablation acts on the common mechanisms between SND and AF, thus achieving a dual therapeutic effect.
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4
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Vadrot N, Ader F, Moulin M, Merlant M, Chapon F, Gandjbakhch E, Labombarda F, Maragnes P, Réant P, Rooryck C, Probst V, Donal E, Richard P, Ferreiro A, Buendia B. Abnormal Cellular Phenotypes Induced by Three TMPO/LAP2 Variants Identified in Men with Cardiomyopathies. Cells 2023; 12:337. [PMID: 36672271 PMCID: PMC9857342 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A single missense variant of the TMPO/LAP2α gene, encoding LAP2 proteins, has been associated with cardiomyopathy in two brothers. To further evaluate its role in cardiac muscle, we included TMPO in our cardiomyopathy diagnostic gene panel. A screening of ~5000 patients revealed three novel rare TMPO heterozygous variants in six males diagnosed with hypertrophic or dilated cardiomypathy. We identified in different cellular models that (1) the frameshift variant LAP2α p.(Gly395Glufs*11) induced haploinsufficiency, impeding cell proliferation and/or producing a truncated protein mislocalized in the cytoplasm; (2) the C-ter missense variant LAP2α p.(Ala240Thr) led to a reduced proximity events between LAP2α and the nucleosome binding protein HMGN5; and (3) the LEM-domain missense variant p.(Leu124Phe) decreased both associations of LAP2α/β with the chromatin-associated protein BAF and inhibition of the E2F1 transcription factor activity which is known to be dependent on Rb, partner of LAP2α. Additionally, the LAP2α expression was lower in the left ventricles of male mice compared to females. In conclusion, our study reveals distinct altered properties of LAP2 induced by these TMPO/LAP2 variants, leading to altered cell proliferation, chromatin structure or gene expression-regulation pathways, and suggests a potential sex-dependent role of LAP2 in myocardial function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vadrot
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Flavie Ader
- APHP—Sorbonne Université, Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, HU Pitié Salpêtrière—Charles Foix, F-75013 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie Paris Descartes, Département 3, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Maryline Moulin
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie Merlant
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Estelle Gandjbakhch
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
- Département de cardiologie, APHP—Sorbonne Université, HU Pitié Salpêtrière- Charles Foix, F-75610 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Labombarda
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Caen, Université de Caen Normandie, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Pascale Maragnes
- Cardiologie pédiatrique, Service de pédiatrie, CHU de Caen, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Patricia Réant
- Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, CHU de Bordeaux, INSERM 1045, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Probst
- Centre de référence des maladies rythmiques cardiaques, CHU de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Erwan Donal
- Centre Cardio-Pneumologique, CHU de Rennes Hôpital de Pontchaillou, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Pascale Richard
- APHP—Sorbonne Université, Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, HU Pitié Salpêtrière—Charles Foix, F-75013 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
- APHP, Centre de référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, Neuromyology Department, CHU Pitié Salpêtrière—Charles Foix, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Buendia
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, Université Paris Cité, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
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5
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Groh WJ, Bhakta D, Tomaselli GF, Aleong RG, Teixeira RA, Amato A, Asirvatham SJ, Cha YM, Corrado D, Duboc D, Goldberger ZD, Horie M, Hornyak JE, Jefferies JL, Kääb S, Kalman JM, Kertesz NJ, Lakdawala NK, Lambiase PD, Lubitz SA, McMillan HJ, McNally EM, Milone M, Namboodiri N, Nazarian S, Patton KK, Russo V, Sacher F, Santangeli P, Shen WK, Sobral Filho DC, Stambler BS, Stöllberger C, Wahbi K, Wehrens XHT, Weiner MM, Wheeler MT, Zeppenfeld K. 2022 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation and management of arrhythmic risk in neuromuscular disorders. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:e61-e120. [PMID: 35500790 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This international multidisciplinary document is intended to guide electrophysiologists, cardiologists, other clinicians, and health care professionals in caring for patients with arrhythmic complications of neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). The document presents an overview of arrhythmias in NMDs followed by detailed sections on specific disorders: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy, and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2; myotonic dystrophy type 1 and type 2; Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B; facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy; and mitochondrial myopathies, including Friedreich ataxia and Kearns-Sayre syndrome, with an emphasis on managing arrhythmic cardiac manifestations. End-of-life management of arrhythmias in patients with NMDs is also covered. The document sections were drafted by the writing committee members according to their area of expertise. The recommendations represent the consensus opinion of the expert writing group, graded by class of recommendation and level of evidence utilizing defined criteria. The recommendations were made available for public comment; the document underwent review by the Heart Rhythm Society Scientific and Clinical Documents Committee and external review and endorsement by the partner and collaborating societies. Changes were incorporated based on these reviews. By using a breadth of accumulated available evidence, the document is designed to provide practical and actionable clinical information and recommendations for the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias and thus improve the care of patients with NMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Groh
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Deepak Bhakta
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Anthony Amato
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Domenico Corrado
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Denis Duboc
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Zachary D Goldberger
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Minoru Horie
- Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Otsu, Japan
| | | | | | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Neal K Lakdawala
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pier D Lambiase
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, University College London, and St Bartholomew's Hospital London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hugh J McMillan
- Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Narayanan Namboodiri
- Sree Chitra Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | | | | | | | - Frederic Sacher
- Bordeaux University Hospital, LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Stöllberger
- Second Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Landstraße, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karim Wahbi
- Cardiology Department, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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6
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Manwani B, Finger C, Lisabeth L. Strategies for Maintaining Brain Health: The Role of Stroke Risk Factors Unique to Elderly Women. Stroke 2022; 53:2662-2672. [PMID: 35652344 PMCID: PMC10911965 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.036894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Stroke risk and prevalence increase with advanced age and women tend to be older than men at the time of their first stroke. Advanced age in women confers unique stroke risks that are beyond reproductive factors. Previous reviews and guidelines have largely focused on risk factors specific to women, with a predominant focus on reproductive factors and, therefore, younger to middle-aged women. This review aims to specifically describe stroke risk factors in elderly women, the population of women where the majority of strokes occur, with a focus on atrial fibrillation, hormone therapy, psychosocial risk factors, and cognitive impairment. Our review suggests that prevention and management of stroke risks that are unique or more prevalent in elderly women needs a coordinated system of care from general physicians, general neurologists, vascular and cognitive neurologists, psychologists, cardiologists, patients, and their caretakers. Early identification and management of the elderly woman-specific and traditional stroke risk factors is key for decreasing stroke burden in elderly women. Increased education among elderly women regarding stroke risk factors and their identification should be considered, and an update to the guidelines for prevention of stroke in women is strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Manwani
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (B.M., C.F.)
| | - Carson Finger
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (B.M., C.F.)
| | - Lynda Lisabeth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (L.L.)
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7
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Wren G, Davies W. Sex-linked genetic mechanisms and atrial fibrillation risk. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104459. [PMID: 35189376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac condition characterised by an irregular heartbeat, atrial pathology and an elevated downstream risk of thrombosis and heart failure, as well as neurological sequelae including stroke and dementia. The prevalence and presentation of, risk factors for, and therapeutic responses to, AF differ by sex, and this sex bias may be partially explained in terms of genetics. Here, we consider four sex-linked genetic mechanisms that may influence sex-biased phenotypes related to AF and provide examples of each: X-linked gene dosage, X-linked genomic imprinting, sex-biased autosomal gene expression, and male-limited Y-linked gene expression. We highlight novel candidate risk genes and pathways that warrant further investigation in clinical and preclinical studies. Understanding the biological basis of sex differences in AF should allow better prediction of disease risk, identification of novel risk/protective factors, and the development of more effective sex-tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Davies
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK.
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8
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Porta-Sánchez A, Priori SG. Genetic Abnormalities of the Sinoatrial Node and Atrioventricular Conduction. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2021; 13:625-639. [PMID: 34689891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The peculiar electrophysiological properties of the sinoatrial node and the cardiac conduction system are key components of the normal physiology of cardiac impulse generation and propagation. Multiple genes and transcription factors and metabolic proteins are involved in their development and regulation. In this review, we have summarized the genetic underlying causes, key clinical findings, and the latest available clinical evidence. We will discuss clinical diagnosis and management of the genetic conditions associated with conduction disorders that are more prevalent in clinical practice, for this reason, very rare genetic diseases presenting sinus node or cardiac conduction system abnormalities are not discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Porta-Sánchez
- Cardiología Molecular, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Cardiología, Unidad de Arritmias, Hospital Universitario Quironsalud Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Giuliana Priori
- Cardiología Molecular, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC) Madrid, Spain; Molecular Medicine Department, University of Pavia, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
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9
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Kovalchuk T, Yakovleva E, Fetisova S, Vershinina T, Lebedeva V, Lyubimtseva T, Lebedev D, Mitrofanova L, Ryzhkov A, Sokolnikova P, Fomicheva Y, Kozyreva A, Zhuk S, Smolina N, Zlotina A, Pervunina T, Kostareva A, Vasichkina E. Case Reports: Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy Presenting as a Heart Rhythm Disorders in Children. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:668231. [PMID: 34026875 PMCID: PMC8137911 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.668231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is inherited muscle dystrophy often accompanied by cardiac abnormalities in the form of supraventricular arrhythmias, conduction defects and sinus node dysfunction. Cardiac phenotype typically arises years after skeletal muscle presentation, though, could be severe and life-threatening. The defined clinical manifestation with joint contractures, progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, as well as cardiac symptoms are observed by the third decade of life. Still, clinical course and sequence of muscle and cardiac signs may be variable and depends on the genotype. Cardiac abnormalities in patients with EDMD in pediatric age are not commonly seen. Here we describe five patients with different forms of EDMD (X-linked and autosomal-dominant) caused by the mutations in EMD and LMNA genes, presented with early onset of cardiac abnormalities and no prominent skeletal muscle phenotype. The predominant forms of cardiac pathology were atrial arrhythmias and conduction disturbances that progress over time. The presented cases discussed in the light of therapeutic strategy, including radiofrequency ablation and antiarrhythmic devices implantation, and the importance of thorough neurological and genetic screening in pediatric patients presenting with complex heart rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kovalchuk
- World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Yakovleva
- World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Fetisova
- World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Vershinina
- World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viktoriya Lebedeva
- Institute of Heart and Vessels, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tamara Lyubimtseva
- Institute of Heart and Vessels, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Lebedev
- Institute of Heart and Vessels, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lubov Mitrofanova
- Pathology Unit, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton Ryzhkov
- Radiology Unit, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina Sokolnikova
- Institute of Molecular biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuliya Fomicheva
- Institute of Molecular biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandra Kozyreva
- Institute of Molecular biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Zhuk
- Institute of Molecular biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Smolina
- Institute of Molecular biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Zlotina
- Institute of Molecular biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Pervunina
- Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Kostareva
- Institute of Molecular biology and Genetics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Women's and Children's Health and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Elena Vasichkina
- World-Class Research Centre for Personalized Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Gollob
- Inherited Arrhythmia and Cardiomyopathy Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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11
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Ishikawa T, Mishima H, Barc J, Takahashi MP, Hirono K, Terada S, Kowase S, Sato T, Mukai Y, Yui Y, Ohkubo K, Kimoto H, Watanabe H, Hata Y, Aiba T, Ohno S, Chishaki A, Shimizu W, Horie M, Ichida F, Nogami A, Yoshiura KI, Schott JJ, Makita N. Cardiac Emerinopathy: A Nonsyndromic Nuclear Envelopathy With Increased Risk of Thromboembolic Stroke Due to Progressive Atrial Standstill and Left Ventricular Noncompaction. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 13:e008712. [PMID: 32755394 DOI: 10.1161/circep.120.008712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the nuclear envelope genes encoding LMNA and EMD are responsible for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. However, LMNA mutations often manifest dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction disturbance without obvious skeletal myopathic complications. On the contrary, the phenotypic spectrums of EMD mutations are less clear. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of nonsyndromic forms of emerinopathy, which may underlie genetically undefined isolated cardiac conduction disturbance, and the etiology of thromboembolic complications associated with EMD mutations. METHODS Targeted exon sequencing was performed in 87 probands with familial sick sinus syndrome (n=36) and a progressive cardiac conduction defect (n=51). RESULTS We identified 3 X-linked recessive EMD mutations (start-loss, splicing, missense) in families with cardiac conduction disease. All 3 probands shared a common clinical phenotype of progressive atrial arrhythmias that ultimately resulted in atrial standstill associated with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), but they lacked early contractures and progressive muscle wasting and weakness characteristic of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Because the association of LVNC with EMD has never been reported, we further genetically screened 102 LVNC patients and found a frameshift EMD mutation in a boy with progressive atrial standstill and LVNC without complications of muscular dystrophy. All 6 male EMD mutation carriers of 4 families underwent pacemaker or defibrillator implantation, whereas 2 female carriers were asymptomatic. Notably, a strong family history of stroke observed in these families was probably due to the increased risk of thromboembolism attributable to both atrial standstill and LVNC. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac emerinopathy is a novel nonsyndromic X-linked progressive atrial standstill associated with LVNC and increased risk of thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Ishikawa
- Omics Research Center (T.I., N.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mishima
- Department of Human Genetics (H.M., K.-I.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Julien Barc
- L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, France (J.B., J.-J.S.)
| | - Masanori P Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (M.P.T.)
| | - Keiichi Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (K.H., F.I.)
| | - Shigenori Terada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shin-Oyama City Hospital, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Shinya Kowase
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Teruki Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.S., H.W.)
| | - Yasushi Mukai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.M.)
| | - Yoshiaki Yui
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tsukuba University, Japan (Y.Y., A.N.)
| | - Kimie Ohkubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.O.)
| | - Hiroki Kimoto
- Department of Molecular Physiology (H.K.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.S., H.W.)
| | - Yukiko Hata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan (Y.H.)
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (T.A.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics (S.O.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiko Chishaki
- Clinical Nursing Laboratory, School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (A.C.)
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (W.S.)
| | - Minoru Horie
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Fukiko Ichida
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan (K.H., F.I.)
| | - Akihiko Nogami
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tsukuba University, Japan (Y.Y., A.N.)
| | - Koh-Ichiro Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics (H.M., K.-I.Y.), Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- L'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, France (J.B., J.-J.S.)
| | - Naomasa Makita
- Omics Research Center (T.I., N.M.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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12
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Kong D, Zhan Y, Liu C, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Luo J, Gu L, Zhou X, Zhang Z. A Novel Mutation Of The EMD Gene In A Family With Cardiac Conduction Abnormalities And A High Incidence Of Sudden Cardiac Death. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:319-327. [PMID: 31802929 PMCID: PMC6827504 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s221444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, caused by mutations in genes such as emerin (EMD) or lamin A/C (LMNA), is a disorder affecting the joints, muscles, and heart, with a wide spectrum of patient phenotypes including muscle wasting and cardiac conduction defects. Methods and results Here we report a multi-generation family from the Hunan Province of China. Affected family members displayed an uncommon clinical presentation of serious cardiac conduction abnormalities at an early age and a high incidence of sudden cardiac death along with mild skeletal muscular atrophy and joint contracture. Clinical analysis of affected members provided evidence of X-linked recessive inheritance. Consequently, using Sanger sequencing of X chromosome exomes, we identified a novel duplication mutation (c.405dup/p.Asp136X) in the EMD gene as the cause for the disease in this family. This variant is a novel mutation that has not been previously reported in Pubmed, Clinvar or other cases reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database. Conclusion Our finding expands the mutation spectrum of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and provides a rationale for EMD mutation testing in cases of X-linked inherited cardiac conduction disease and sudden cardiac death, even in those lacking pathognomonic neuromuscular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demiao Kong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Yi Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Canzhao Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yerong Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yangzhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jiawen Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lu Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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13
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An Emerin LEM-Domain Mutation Impairs Cell Response to Mechanical Stress. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060570. [PMID: 31185657 PMCID: PMC6628311 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerin is a nuclear envelope protein that contributes to genome organization and cell mechanics. Through its N-terminal LAP2-emerin-MAN1 (LEM)-domain, emerin interacts with the DNA-binding protein barrier-to-autointegration (BAF). Emerin also binds to members of the linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complex. Mutations in the gene encoding emerin are responsible for the majority of cases of X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (X-EDMD). Most of these mutations lead to an absence of emerin. A few missense and short deletion mutations in the disordered region of emerin are also associated with X-EDMD. More recently, missense and short deletion mutations P22L, ∆K37 and T43I were discovered in emerin LEM-domain, associated with isolated atrial cardiac defects (ACD). Here we reveal which defects, at both the molecular and cellular levels, are elicited by these LEM-domain mutations. Whereas K37 mutation impaired the correct folding of the LEM-domain, P22L and T43I had no impact on the 3D structure of emerin. Surprisingly, all three mutants bound to BAF, albeit with a weaker affinity in the case of K37. In human myofibroblasts derived from a patient's fibroblasts, emerin ∆K37 was correctly localized at the inner nuclear membrane, but was present at a significantly lower level, indicating that this mutant is abnormally degraded. Moreover, SUN2 was reduced, and these cells were defective in producing actin stress fibers when grown on a stiff substrate and after cyclic stretches. Altogether, our data suggest that the main effect of mutation K37 is to perturb emerin function within the LINC complex in response to mechanical stress.
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14
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Zhou J, Li H, Li X, Li Y, Yang M, Shi G, Xu D, Shi X. A novel EMD mutation in a Chinese family with initial diagnosis of conduction cardiomyopathy. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01167. [PMID: 30506906 PMCID: PMC6346415 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a hereditary myopathy characterized as triad of muscular dystrophy, joint contractures, and conduction cardiomyopathy. In this study, we diagnosed a X-linked recessive EDMD patient with severe conduction cardiomyopathy while noteless muscular and joint disorders. METHODS A Chinese cardiomyopathy family spanning four generations was enrolled in the study. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to identify the underlying mutation in the proband and validated by Sanger sequencing. Segregation analysis was applied to all 13 participants. RESULTS A novel frameshift mutation (c.253_254insT, p.Y85Lfs*8) of emerin gene (EMD) was found and co-segregated with family members. Other than the typical manifestations of X-linked EDMD, this patient presented inconspicuous muscular disorders which were later diagnosed after the mutation been identified. CONCLUSIONS This study enriches the EMD gene mutation database and reminds us of the possibility of EDMD while encountering patients with severe heart rhythm defects or dilated cardiomyopathy of unknown etiology, even if they have neither obvious skeletal muscle disorder nor joint involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yonggui Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoxing Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoliu Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Han M, Zhao M, Cheng C, Huang Y, Han S, Li W, Tu X, Luo X, Yu X, Liu Y, Chen Q, Ren X, Wang QK, Ke T. Lamin A mutation impairs interaction with nucleoporin NUP155 and disrupts nucleocytoplasmic transport in atrial fibrillation. Hum Mutat 2018; 40:310-325. [PMID: 30488537 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Here, we show the identification and functional characterization of one AF-associated mutation p.Arg399Cys in lamin A/C. Co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays demonstrate that lamin A/C interacts with NUP155, which is a nucleoporin and causes AF when mutated. Lamin A/C mutation p.Arg399Cys impairs the interaction between lamin A/C and NUP155, and increases extractability of NUP155 from the nuclear envelope (NE). Mutation p.Arg399Cys leads to aggregation of lamin A/C in the nucleus, although it does not impair the integrity of NE upon cellular stress. Mutation p.Arg399Cys inhibits the export of HSP70 mRNA and the nuclear import of HSP70 protein. Electrophysiological studies show that mutation p.Arg399Cys decreases the peak cardiac sodium current by decreasing the cell surface expression level of cardiac sodium channel Nav 1.5, but does not affect IKr potassium current. In conclusion, our results indicate that lamin A/C mutation p.Arg399Cys weakens the interaction between nuclear lamina (lamin A/C) and the nuclear pore complex (NUP155), leading to the development of AF. The findings provide a novel molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Han
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shengna Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xin Tu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyun Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiang Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qing Kenneth Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tie Ke
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
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16
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Wang S, Peng D. Cardiac Involvement in Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy and Related Management Strategies. Int Heart J 2018; 60:12-18. [PMID: 30518714 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.17-604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a group of hereditary muscular dystrophy syndrome caused by deficiency of genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins. Patients having EDMD show the triad of muscle dystrophy, joint contracture, and cardiac disease. In almost all patients, cardiac involvement is prevalent and is the most severe aspect of EDMD. Cardiac disease is predominantly shown by conduction defects, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and atrial standstill. Sudden death and heart failure because of left ventricular dysfunction are important causes of mortality, particularly in those patients that have the LMNA mutation. Medical treatment of EDMD is limited to addressing symptoms and ambulation support; moreover, pacemaker implantation is necessary when there are severe conduction defects and bradycardia occurs. Note that automated defibrillation devices may be considered for those patients who have a high risk of sudden death, rate, or rhythm control. Also, anticoagulation should be initiated in those patients who have atrial fibrillation/flutter. Thus, for optimal management, a multidisciplinary approach is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
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17
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Lang D, Glukhov AV. Functional Microdomains in Heart's Pacemaker: A Step Beyond Classical Electrophysiology and Remodeling. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1686. [PMID: 30538641 PMCID: PMC6277479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous beating of the sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary pacemaker of the heart, is initiated, sustained, and regulated by a complex system that integrates ion channels and transporters on the cell membrane surface (often referred to as "membrane clock") with subcellular calcium handling machinery (by parity of reasoning referred to as an intracellular "Ca2+ clock"). Stable, rhythmic beating of the SAN is ensured by a rigorous synchronization between these two clocks highlighted in the coupled-clock system concept of SAN timekeeping. The emerging results demonstrate that such synchronization of the complex pacemaking machinery at the cellular level depends on tightly regulated spatiotemporal signals which are restricted to precise sub-cellular microdomains and associated with discrete clusters of different ion channels, transporters, and regulatory receptors. It has recently become evident that within the microdomains, various proteins form an interacting network and work together as a part of a macromolecular signaling complex. These protein-protein interactions are tightly controlled and regulated by a variety of neurohormonal signaling pathways and the diversity of cellular responses achieved with a limited pool of second messengers is made possible through the organization of essential signal components in particular microdomains. In this review, we highlight the emerging understanding of the functionality of distinct subcellular microdomains in SAN myocytes and their functional role in the accumulation and neurohormonal regulation of proteins involved in cardiac pacemaking. We also demonstrate how changes in scaffolding proteins may lead to microdomain-targeted remodeling and regulation of pacemaker proteins contributing to SAN dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Lang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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18
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Odening KE, Deiß S, Dilling-Boer D, Didenko M, Eriksson U, Nedios S, Ng FS, Roca Luque I, Sanchez Borque P, Vernooy K, Wijnmaalen AP, Yorgun H. Mechanisms of sex differences in atrial fibrillation: role of hormones and differences in electrophysiology, structure, function, and remodelling. Europace 2018; 21:366-376. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katja E Odening
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Deiß
- Asklepios Medical Center Altona, Department of Cardiology, Arrhythmia Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Maxim Didenko
- Department of Surgical and Interventional Arrhythmology, Kuprianov's Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Rhythmology Division, Department of Medicine, GZO Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sotirios Nedios
- Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ivo Roca Luque
- Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kevin Vernooy
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus P Wijnmaalen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hikmet Yorgun
- Department of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Unit, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Limpitikul W, Ong CS, Tomaselli GF. Neuromuscular Disease: Cardiac Manifestations and Sudden Death Risk. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2017; 9:731-747. [PMID: 29173414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications of neuromuscular diseases disproportionately affect the cardiac conduction system. Cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmias produce significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with neuromuscular diseases should be carefully and frequently evaluated for the presence of bradycardia, heart block, and tachyarrhythmias. Preemptive treatment with permanent pacemakers or implanted defibrillators is appropriate in patients with conduction system disease or who are at risk for ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worawan Limpitikul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chin Siang Ong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gordon F Tomaselli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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20
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Ko D, Rahman F, Schnabel RB, Yin X, Benjamin EJ, Christophersen IE. Atrial fibrillation in women: epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, and prognosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2016; 13:321-32. [PMID: 27053455 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in women and men worldwide. During the past century, a range of risk factors has been associated with AF, severe complications from the arrhythmia have been identified, and its prevalence has been increasing steadily. Whereas evidence has accumulated regarding sex-specific differences in coronary heart disease and stroke, the differences between women and men with AF has received less attention. We review the current literature on sex-specific differences in the epidemiology of AF, including incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and genetics, and in the pathophysiology and the clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with this arrhythmia. We highlight current knowledge gaps and areas that warrant future research, which might advance understanding of variation in the risk factors and complications of AF, and ultimately aid more-tailored management of the arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darae Ko
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Faisal Rahman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Oudenarder Strasse 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Sections of Cardiovascular Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Ingrid E Christophersen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts, 02129, USA.,Department of Medical Research, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Sogneprest Munthe-kaas vei 100, 1346 Gjettum, Norway
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21
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Zhang M, Chen J, Si D, Zheng Y, Jiao H, Feng Z, Hu Z, Duan R. Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel EMD mutation in a Chinese family with dilated cardiomyopathy. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:77. [PMID: 24997722 PMCID: PMC4105140 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in the emerin gene (EMD) were implicated in X-linked recessive Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), characterized by early-onset contractures of tendons, progressive muscular weakness and cardiomyopathy. To date, 223 mutations have been reported in EMD gene and the majority of them caused a predominant skeletal muscular phenotype. In this study, we identified a novel deletion mutation in EMD exon 1, which results in almost a complete loss of emerin protein in a large Chinese family. However, the patients suffered severe dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) but very mild skeletal muscle disorder. CASE PRESENTATION Whole exome sequencing (WES) and linkage analysis were performed to identify the underlying mutation in a Chinese DCM family spanning five generations. A missense variation in the GPR50 gene was found co-segregated with the disease phenotype, whereas no functional alteration was detected in the variant GPR50 protein. When analyzing the failure sequences in the exome sequencing data, a novel deletion mutation (c.26_39delATACCGAGCTGACC) in EMD exon 1, was identified in this family. Different from the typical clinical features caused by most reported EMD mutations, patients in our study presented very mild skeletal muscle degeneration that had not been diagnosed until the mutation was found. CONCLUSION We described a family with rare clinical presentations caused by a novel EMD deletion mutation. Our findings broaden the heterogeneous spectrum of phenotypes attributed to EMD mutations and provide new insight to explain the genotype-phenotype correlations between EMD mutations and EDMD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiu Zhang
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 130031 Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan province, China
| | - Dayong Si
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, 130031 Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan province, China
| | - Haixu Jiao
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 130031 Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, 130031 Changchun, Jilin province, China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- State Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan province, China
| | - Ranhui Duan
- State Key Lab of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan province, China
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22
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Theis JL, Zimmermann MT, Larsen BT, Rybakova IN, Long PA, Evans JM, Middha S, de Andrade M, Moss RL, Wieben ED, Michels VV, Olson TM. TNNI3K mutation in familial syndrome of conduction system disease, atrial tachyarrhythmia and dilated cardiomyopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5793-804. [PMID: 24925317 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Locus mapping has uncovered diverse etiologies for familial atrial fibrillation (AF), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and mixed cardiac phenotype syndromes, yet the molecular basis for these disorders remains idiopathic in most cases. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) provides a powerful new tool for familial disease gene discovery. Here, synergistic application of these genomic strategies identified the pathogenic mutation in a familial syndrome of atrial tachyarrhythmia, conduction system disease (CSD), and DCM vulnerability. Seven members of a three-generation family exhibited the variably expressed phenotype, three of whom manifested CSD and clinically significant arrhythmia in childhood. Genome-wide linkage analysis mapped two equally plausible loci to chromosomes 1p3 and 13q12. Variants from WES of two affected cousins were filtered for rare, predicted-deleterious, positional variants, revealing an unreported heterozygous missense mutation disrupting the highly conserved kinase domain in TNNI3K. The G526D substitution in troponin I interacting kinase, with the most deleterious SIFT and Polyphen2 scores possible, resulted in abnormal peptide aggregation in vitro and in silico docking models predicted altered yet energetically favorable wild-type mutant dimerization. Ventricular tissue from a mutation carrier displayed histopathological hallmarks of DCM and reduced TNNI3K protein staining with unique amorphous nuclear and sarcoplasmic inclusions. In conclusion, mutation of TNNI3K, encoding a heart-specific kinase previously shown to modulate cardiac conduction and myocardial function in mice, underlies a familial syndrome of electrical and myopathic heart disease. The identified substitution causes a TNNI3K aggregation defect and protein deficiency, implicating a dominant-negative loss of function disease mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research
| | | | - Inna N Rybakova
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Jared M Evans
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research
| | - Sumit Middha
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research
| | - Mariza de Andrade
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research
| | - Richard L Moss
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy M Olson
- Cardiovascular Genetics Research Laboratory, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine,
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Zhao J, Liu T, Li G. Relationship Between Two Arrhythmias: Sinus Node Dysfunction and Atrial Fibrillation. Arch Med Res 2014; 45:351-5. [PMID: 24825742 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Shin JY, Dauer WT, Worman HJ. Lamina-associated polypeptide 1: protein interactions and tissue-selective functions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 29:164-8. [PMID: 24508913 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding widely expressed nuclear envelope proteins often lead to diseases that manifest in specific tissues. Lamina-associated polypeptide 1 (LAP1) is an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane that is expressed in most cells and tissues. Within the nuclear envelope, LAP1 interacts physically with lamins, torsinA and emerin, suggesting it may serve as a key node for transducing signals across the inner nuclear membrane. Indeed, recent in vivo studies in genetically modified mice strongly support functional links between LAP1 and both torsinA (in neurons) and emerin (in muscle). These studies suggest that tissue-selective diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding nuclear envelope proteins may result, at least in part, from the selective disruption of discrete nuclear envelope protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Shin
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - William T Dauer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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25
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Eymard B, Ferreiro A, Ben Yaou R, Stojkovic T. Muscle diseases with prominent joint contractures: Main entities and diagnostic strategy. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2013; 169:546-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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JURKKO RAIJA, PALOJOKI EEVA, HUTTUNEN HANNA, HOLM CHRISTIAN, LEHTO MIKA, HELIÖ TIINA, SWAN HEIKKI, TOIVONEN LAURI. Characteristics of Atrial Fibrillation and Comorbidities in Familial Atrial Fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2013; 24:768-74. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- RAIJA JURKKO
- Department of Cardiology Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - EEVA PALOJOKI
- Department of Cardiology Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - HANNA HUTTUNEN
- Department of Cardiology Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - CHRISTIAN HOLM
- Department of Cardiology Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - MIKA LEHTO
- Department of Cardiology Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - TIINA HELIÖ
- Department of Cardiology Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - HEIKKI SWAN
- Department of Cardiology Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - LAURI TOIVONEN
- Department of Cardiology Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
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Komurcu-Bayrak E, Ozsait B, Erginel-Unaltuna N. Isolation and analysis of genes mainly expressed in adult mouse heart using subtractive hybridization cDNA library. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8065-74. [PMID: 22544609 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Subtractive hybridization cDNA library (SHL) is one of the powerful approaches for isolating differentially expressed genes. Using this technique between mouse heart and skeletal muscle (skm) tissues, we aimed to construct a cDNA-library that was specific to heart tissue and to identify the potential candidate genes that might be responsible for the development of cardiac diseases or related pathophysiological conditions. In the first step of the study, we created a cDNA-library between mouse heart and skm tissues. The homologies of the randomly selected 215 clones were analyzed and then classified by function. A total of 146 genes were analyzed for their expression profiles in the heart and skm tissues in published mouse microarray dataset. In the second step, we analyzed the expression patterns of the selected genes by Northern blot and RNA in situ hybridization (RISH). In Northern blot analyses, the expression levels of Myl3, Myl2, Mfn2, Dcn, Pdlim4, mt-Co3, mt-Co1, Atpase6 and Tsc22d1 genes were higher in heart than skm. For first time with this study, expression patterns of Pdlim4 and Tsc22d1 genes in mouse heart and skm were shown by RISH. In the last step, 43 genes in this library were identified to have relationships mostly with cardiac diseases and/or related phenotypes. This is the first study reporting differentially expressed genes in healthy mouse heart using SHL technique. This study confirms our hypothesis that tissue-specific genes are most likely to have a disease association, if they possess mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Komurcu-Bayrak
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Vakif Gureba Cad., 34080 Sehremini, Istanbul, Turkey
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Clapham KR, Yu TW, Ganesh VS, Barry B, Chan Y, Mei D, Parrini E, Funalot B, Dupuis L, Nezarati MM, du Souich C, van Karnebeek C, Guerrini R, Walsh CA. FLNA genomic rearrangements cause periventricular nodular heterotopia. Neurology 2012; 78:269-78. [PMID: 22238415 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31824365e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify copy number variant (CNV) causes of periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) in patients for whom FLNA sequencing is negative. METHODS Screening of 35 patients from 33 pedigrees on an Affymetrix 6.0 microarray led to the identification of one individual bearing a CNV that disrupted FLNA. FLNA-disrupting CNVs were also isolated in 2 other individuals by multiplex ligation probe amplification. These 3 cases were further characterized by high-resolution oligo array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and the precise junctional breakpoints of the rearrangements were identified by PCR amplification and sequencing. RESULTS We report 3 cases of PNH caused by nonrecurrent genomic rearrangements that disrupt one copy of FLNA. The first individual carried a 113-kb deletion that removes all but the first exon of FLNA. A second patient harbored a complex rearrangement including a deletion of the 3' end of FLNA accompanied by a partial duplication event. A third patient bore a 39-kb deletion encompassing all of FLNA and the neighboring gene EMD. High-resolution oligo array CGH of the FLNA locus suggests distinct molecular mechanisms for each of these rearrangements, and implicates nearby low copy repeats in their pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that FLNA is prone to pathogenic rearrangements, and highlight the importance of screening for CNVs in individuals with PNH lacking FLNA point mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Clapham
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Brown CA, Scharner J, Felice K, Meriggioli MN, Tarnopolsky M, Bower M, Zammit PS, Mendell JR, Ellis JA. Novel and recurrent EMD mutations in patients with Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, identify exon 2 as a mutation hot spot. J Hum Genet 2011; 56:589-94. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2011.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Goodloe AH, Herron KJ, Olson TM. Uncovering an intermediate phenotype associated with rs2200733 at 4q25 in lone atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2011; 107:1802-5. [PMID: 21481830 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.02.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomewide association studies have reproducibly identified rs2200733T on chromosome 4q25 as a risk factor for the most common sustained arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF). The biologic basis for cardiac electrical instability conferred by this noncoding variant is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate potential relations between rs2200733 versus clinical and electrocardiographic traits in a cohort of patients with early-onset AF who lack traditional risk factors. Congruent with previous reports, the minor T allele was overrepresented in subjects with lone AF. All genotype groups were statistically similar for age at diagnosis, gender distribution, family history, body mass index, AF type, ventricular rate, QRS duration, corrected QT interval, and use of PR interval--prolonging medications. However, a novel association was identified between the TT genotype and duration of the PR interval. The TT group had a mean PR interval of 189.5 ± 35.8 ms in comparison to mean PR intervals of 172.0 ± 29.0 and 171.0 ± 27.1 ms for the CT and CC groups, respectively (p = 0.013 and p = 0.0056). In conclusion, PR interval length, an established risk factor for AF, represents an rs2200733-associated intermediate phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele H Goodloe
- Cardiovascular Genetics Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Ackerman MJ, Mohler PJ. Defining a new paradigm for human arrhythmia syndromes: phenotypic manifestations of gene mutations in ion channel- and transporter-associated proteins. Circ Res 2010; 107:457-65. [PMID: 20724725 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.224592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, gene mutations in cardiac ion channels have been linked to a host of potentially fatal human arrhythmias including long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. More recently, a new paradigm for human arrhythmia has emerged based on gene mutations that affect the activity of cardiac ion channel- and transporter- associated proteins. As part of the Circulation Research thematic series on inherited arrhythmias, this review focuses on the emerging field of human arrhythmias caused by dysfunction in cytosolic gene products (including ankyrins, yotiao, syntrophin, and caveolin-3) that regulate the activities of key membrane ion channels and transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ackerman
- Mayo Clinic Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Rochester, Minn., USA
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Abstract
A- and B-type lamins are the major intermediate filaments of the nucleus. Lamins engage in a plethora of stable and transient interactions, near the inner nuclear membrane and throughout the nucleus. Lamin-binding proteins serve an amazingly diverse range of functions. Numerous inner-membrane proteins help anchor lamin filaments to the nuclear envelope, serving as part of the nuclear "lamina" network that is essential for nuclear architecture and integrity. Certain lamin-binding proteins of the inner membrane bind partners in the outer membrane and mechanically link lamins to the cytoskeleton. Inside the nucleus, lamin-binding proteins appear to serve as the "adaptors" by which the lamina organizes chromatin, influences gene expression and epigenetic regulation, and modulates signaling pathways. Transient interactions of lamins with key components of the transcription and replication machinery may provide an additional level of regulation or support to these essential events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of muscle biopsy in the current age of genetic testing. RECENT FINDINGS The diagnostic approach to patients with suspected genetically determined myopathies has been altered by recent advances in molecular diagnostic technologies and by the increased number of conditions for which the genetic alterations have been identified. Myopathological aspects can narrow down the differential diagnosis when the clinical phenotype is not informative enough and can help guide the molecular investigation. SUMMARY Here, we review genetic and myopathological aspects of selected genetically determined myopathies.
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Brauch KM, Chen LY, Olson TM. Comprehensive mutation scanning of LMNA in 268 patients with lone atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2009; 103:1426-8. [PMID: 19427440 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.01.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a heritable, genetically heterogeneous disorder. To identify gene defects that cause or confer susceptibility to AF, a cohort of 268 unrelated patients with idiopathic forms of familial and sporadic AF was recruited. LMNA, encoding the nuclear membrane proteins, lamin A/C, was selected as a candidate gene for lone AF based on its established association with a syndrome of dilated cardiomyopathy, conduction system disease, and AF. Comprehensive mutation scanning identified only 1 potentially pathogenic mutation. In conclusion, LMNA mutations rarely cause lone AF and routine genetic testing of LMNA in these patients does not appear warranted.
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Nof E, Glikson M, Antzelevitch C. Genetics and Sinus Node Dysfunction. J Atr Fibrillation 2009; 1:151. [PMID: 28496616 PMCID: PMC2913508 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2009] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eyal Nof
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica NY
- Heart Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Michael Glikson
- Heart Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Cunha SR, Mohler PJ. Cardiac cytoskeleton and arrhythmia: an unexpected role for protein 4.1R in cardiac excitability. Circ Res 2008; 103:779-81. [PMID: 18845816 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.186460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
The nuclear lamina represents a protein network required for nuclear structure and function. One family of lamina proteins is defined by an approximately 40-aa LAP2, Emerin, and MAN1 (LEM) domain (LEM-D) that binds the nonspecific DNA-binding protein, barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF). Through interactions with BAF, LEM-D proteins serve as a bridge between chromosomes and the nuclear envelope. Mutations in genes encoding LEM-D proteins cause human laminopathies that are associated with tissue-restricted pathologies. Drosophila has five genes that encode proteins with LEM homology. Using yeast two-hybrid analyses, we demonstrate that four encode proteins that bind Drosophila (d)BAF. In addition to dBAF, dMAN1 associates with lamins, the LEM-D protein Bocksbeutel, and the receptor-regulated Smads, demonstrating parallel protein interactions with vertebrate homologs. P-element mobilization was used to generate null dMAN1 alleles. These mutants showed decreased viability, with surviving adults displaying male sterility, decreased female fertility, wing patterning and positioning defects, flightlessness, and locomotion difficulties that became more severe with age. Increased phospho-Smad staining in dMAN1 mutant wing discs is consistent with a role in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling. The tissue-specific, age-enhanced dMAN1 mutant phenotypes are reminiscent of human laminopathies, suggesting that studies in Drosophila will provide insights into lamina dysfunction associated with disease.
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MOHLER PETERJ, ANDERSON MARKE. New Insights into Genetic Causes of Sinus Node Disease and Atrial Fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2008; 19:516-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2007.01097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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