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Chen IC, Lin CT, Hsu PY, Pai LW, Yu CH, Liu HL. The effect of oral massage intervention on oral hygiene at home care. Int J Dent Hyg 2024. [PMID: 38773918 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral hygiene for individuals with disabilities living at home heavily relies on caregiver assistance. This study investigates differences in mouth opening, dental plaque index and halitosis grade among home-dwelling individuals with and without oral massage intervention. It is important to consider that extended bedridden periods, the presence of nasogastric tubes and difficulties in mouth opening can affect caregivers' oral cleaning effectiveness. METHOD This single-blind controlled experiment spanned 12 weeks. Primary caregivers underwent a 15- to 20-min demonstration. The experimental group received guidance on the Bass brushing method, instructions for using oral cleaning tools and training in oral massage. The control group received guidance on the Bass brushing method and instructions for oral cleaning tools. Measurement tools included basic participant information, oral examination records, mouth opening assessments, dental plaque index evaluations and halitosis ratings. RESULTS The study included 38 subjects, all over 80 years old with disabilities. Dental plaque index significantly improved after massage (p = 0.001). Compared to their pre-massage conditions, the experimental group showed significant improvements in maximum mouth opening (11.65-20.71 mm, p = 0.001), dental plaque index (98.04%-59.74%, p < 0.0001) and halitosis rating (4.12-3.76, p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Oral massage effectively improved mouth opening, reduced the dental plaque index and lowered halitosis ratings in the experimental group, underscoring its positive impact on oral hygiene. The study's insights can significantly benefit oral care for individuals with disabilities living at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Chen
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital-Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Te Lin
- Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | | | - Lee-Wen Pai
- Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hang Yu
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Li Liu
- Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Min K, Glowacki AJ, Bosma ML, McGuire JA, Tian S, McAdoo K, DelSasso A, Fourre T, Gambogi RJ, Milleman J, Milleman KR. Quantitative analysis of the effects of essential oil mouthrinses on clinical plaque microbiome: a parallel-group, randomized trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:578. [PMID: 38762482 PMCID: PMC11102605 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rich diversity of microorganisms in the oral cavity plays an important role in the maintenance of oral health and development of detrimental oral health conditions. Beyond commonly used qualitative microbiome metrics, such as relative proportions or diversity, both the species-level identification and quantification of bacteria are key to understanding clinical disease associations. This study reports the first-time application of an absolute quantitative microbiome analysis using spiked DNA standards and shotgun metagenome sequencing to assess the efficacy and safety of product intervention on dental plaque microbiome. METHODS In this parallel-group, randomized clinical trial, essential oil mouthrinses, including LISTERINE® Cool Mint Antiseptic (LCM), an alcohol-containing prototype mouthrinse (ACPM), and an alcohol-free prototype mouthrinse (AFPM), were compared against a hydroalcohol control rinse on clinical parameters and the oral microbiome of subjects with moderate gingivitis. To enable a sensitive and clinically meaningful measure of bacterial abundances, species were categorized according to their associations with oral conditions based on published literature and quantified using known amounts of spiked DNA standards. RESULTS Multivariate analysis showed that both LCM and ACPM shifted the dysbiotic microbiome composition of subjects with gingivitis to a healthier state after 4 weeks of twice-daily use, resembling the composition of subjects with clinically healthy oral conditions recruited for observational reference comparison at baseline. The essential oil-containing mouthrinses evaluated in this study showed statistically significant reductions in clinical gingivitis and plaque measurements when compared to the hydroalcohol control rinse after 6 weeks of use. CONCLUSIONS By establishing a novel quantitative method for microbiome analysis, this study sheds light on the mechanisms of LCM mouthrinse efficacy on oral microbial ecology, demonstrating that repeated usage non-selectively resets a gingivitis-like oral microbiome toward that of a healthy oral cavity. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 10/06/2021. The registration number is NCT04921371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungrok Min
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc, Skillman, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Sandy Tian
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc, Skillman, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Tara Fourre
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc, Skillman, NJ, USA
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Lei W, Zhu H, Cao M, Zhang F, Lai Q, Lu S, Dong W, Sun J, Ru D. From genomics to metabolomics: Deciphering sanguinarine biosynthesis in Dicranostigma leptopodum. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128727. [PMID: 38092109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Dicranostigma leptopodum (Maxim) Fedde (DLF) is a renowned medicinal plant in China, known to be rich in alkaloids. However, the unavailability of a reference genome has impeded investigation into its plant metabolism and genetic breeding potential. Here we present a high-quality chromosomal-level genome assembly for DLF, derived using a combination of Nanopore long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing and Hi-C technologies. Our assembly genome spans a size of 621.81 Mb with an impressive contig N50 of 93.04 Mb. We show that the species-specific whole-genome duplication (WGD) of DLF and Papaver somniferum corresponded to two rounds of WGDs of Papaver setigerum. Furthermore, we integrated comprehensive homology searching, gene family analyses and construction of a gene-to-metabolite network. These efforts led to the discovery of co-expressed transcription factors, including NAC and bZIP, alongside sanguinarine (SAN) pathway genes CYP719 (CFS and SPS). Notably, we identified P6H as a promising gene for enhancing SAN production. By providing the first reference genome for Dicranostigma, our study confirms the genomic underpinning of SAN biosynthesis and establishes a foundation for advancing functional genomic research on Papaveraceae species. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of high-quality genome assemblies in elucidating genetic variations underlying the evolutionary origin of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Man Cao
- Gansu Pharmacovigilance Center, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qing Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shengming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenpan Dong
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiahui Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Dafu Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Oba PM, Sieja KM, Schauwecker A, Somrak AJ, Hristova TS, Keating SCJ, Swanson KS. Effects of a novel dental chew on oral health outcomes, halitosis, and microbiota of adult dogs. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae071. [PMID: 38477668 PMCID: PMC10981081 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Halitosis in dogs is an initial indication of periodontitis, highlighting its significance as a vital marker for underlying problems. Moreover, the oral microbial population has a significant influence on periodontal disease. Measuring the oral microbiota may be used in addition to breath odor, dental plaque, and gingivitis scoring to assess the impact of dental chews on oral health. In this study, we aimed to determine the differences in breath odor, oral health outcomes, and oral microbiota of adult dogs consuming a novel dental chew compared with control dogs consuming only a diet. Twelve healthy adult female beagle dogs were used in a crossover design study. Treatments (n = 12/group) included: diet only (control) or the diet + a novel dental chew. Each day, one chew was provided 4 h after mealtime. On days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 27, breath samples were analyzed for total volatile sulfur compound concentrations using a halimeter. On day 0 of each period, teeth were cleaned by a veterinary dentist blinded to treatments. Teeth were scored for plaque, calculus, and gingivitis by the same veterinary dentist on day 28 of each period. After scoring, subgingival and supragingival plaque samples were collected for microbiota analysis using Illumina MiSeq. All data were analyzed using SAS (version 9.4) using the Mixed Models procedure, with P < 0.05 being significant. Overall, the dental chews were well accepted. Dogs consuming the dental chews had lower calculus coverage, thickness, and scores, lower gingivitis scores, and less pocket bleeding than control dogs. Breath volatile sulfur compounds were lower in dogs consuming the dental chews. Bacterial alpha-diversity analysis demonstrated that control dogs had higher bacterial richness than dogs fed dental chews. Bacterial beta-diversity analysis demonstrated that samples clustered based on treatment. In subgingival and supragingival plaque, control dogs had higher relative abundances of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Pelistega, Desulfovibrio, Desulfomicrobium, Fretibacterium, Helcococcus, and Treponema) and lower relative abundances of genera associated with oral health (Neisseria, Actinomyces, and Corynebacterium). Our results suggest that the dental chew tested in this study may aid in reducing periodontal disease risk in dogs by beneficially shifting the microbiota population and inhabiting plaque buildup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Oba
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kelly M Sieja
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amy Schauwecker
- PetSmart Proprietary Brand Product Development, Phoenix, AZ 85080, USA
| | - Amy J Somrak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Teodora S Hristova
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephanie C J Keating
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Hassan S, Dhadse P, Bajaj P, Sethiya K, Subhadarsanee C. Pre-procedural Antimicrobial Mouth Rinse: A Concise Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e30629. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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6
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Anjago WM, Zeng W, Chen Y, Wang Y, Biregeya J, Li Y, Zhang T, Peng M, Cai Y, Shi M, Wang B, Zhang D, Wang Z, Chen M. The molecular mechanism underlying pathogenicity inhibition by sanguinarine in Magnaporthe oryzae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4669-4679. [PMID: 34116584 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sanguinarine (SAN) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid that broadly targets a range of pathways in mammalian and fungal cells. In this study we set out to explore the molecular mechanism of sanguinarine inhibition of the fungal development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae with the hope that sanguinarine will bolster the development of antiblast agents. RESULTS We found that the fungus exhibited a significant reduction in vegetative growth and hyphal melanization while the spores produced long germ tubes on the artificial hydrophobic surface characteristic of a defect in thigmotropic sensing when exposed to 4, 8 and 0.5 μm sanguinarine, respectively. Consistent with these findings, we observed that the genes involved in melanin biosynthesis and the fungal hydrophobin MoMPG1 were remarkably suppressed in mycelia treated with 8 μm sanguinarine. Additionally, sanguinarine inhibited appressorium formation at a dose of 1.0 μm and this defect was restored by supplementing 5 mM of exogenous cAMP. By qRT-PCR assay we found cAMP pathway signalling genes such as MoCAP1 and MoCpkA were significantly repressed whereas MoCDTF1 and MoSOM1 were upregulated in sanguinarine-treated strains. Furthermore, we showed that sanguinarine does not selectively inhibit vegetative growth and appressorium formation of Guy11 but also other strains of M. oryzae. Finally, treatment of sanguinarine impaired the appressorium-mediated penetration and pathogenicity of M. oryzae in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Based on our results we concluded that sanguinarine is an attractive antimicrobial candidate for fungicide development in the control of rice blast disease. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred Mabeche Anjago
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Yixiao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jules Biregeya
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunxi Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minghui Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biopesticides and Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meilian Chen
- Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
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Nisha S, Das D, Goswami P, Shitanshu S, Shashikumar P, Rajaram S. Evaluation of Hypericum perforatum mother tincture as an antigingivitis agent in comparison with Chlorhexidine: A randomised controlled trial. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN HOMOEOPATHY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijrh.ijrh_49_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kappenberg-Niţescu DC, Luchian I, Mârțu I, Solomon SM, Mârţu S, Păsărin L, Mârțu A, Sioustis IA, Goriuc A, Tatarciuc M. Periodontal effects of two innovative oral rinsing substances in oncologic patients. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:98. [PMID: 33363609 PMCID: PMC7725012 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy often presents side effects, including oral adverse effects that may interfere with the completion of the oncology treatment, threatening the outcome of the treatment and significantly affecting the quality of life of the patient. The aim of the present study was to evaluate two antiseptic, antimicrobial and antifungal substances that may be used in order to achieve improved oral hygiene and to lower the prevalence of side effects during chemotherapy. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: Placebo, oral rinse with cetrimide and mouth coating with a pharmacy-made compound (nystatin, neomycin and metronidazole). Their oral hygiene and periodontal parameters were determined at baseline and 14 days of use. It was revealed that the most effective clinical results were achieved in the group that used cetrimide mouth rinse that highlighted the best improvements of parameter values, whereas the control and coating-using group did not obtain statistically significant improvements. Cetrimide oral rinse was demonstrated to be an efficient adjunct method in achieving better oral hygiene and improved periodontal parameters in chemotherapy patients. The present study offers an alternative to the commonly used compounds that may present unwanted side effects in patients during chemotherapy, it promotes the importance of good oral hygiene in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced oral adverse effects and improves the quality of life of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ionut Luchian
- Department of Periodontology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Ioana Mârțu
- Department of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Sorina-Mihaela Solomon
- Department of Periodontology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Silvia Mârţu
- Department of Periodontology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Liliana Păsărin
- Department of Periodontology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mârțu
- Department of Periodontology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Ioana-Andreea Sioustis
- Department of Periodontology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Ancuța Goriuc
- Department of Biochemistry, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
| | - Monica Tatarciuc
- Department of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi 700115, Romania
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Kolhe S, Patani S, Gulve N, Pawar R, Dhope S, Gajeshwar H. Oil pulling as an adjunct to improve oral health in orthodontic patients: A clinicomicrobial study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTIC REHABILITATION 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_34_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Arweiler NB, Auschill TM, Sculean A. Patient self-care of periodontal pocket infections. Periodontol 2000 2017; 76:164-179. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Walsh LJ. Minimal intervention management of the older patient. Br Dent J 2017; 223:151-161. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Jurišić S, Verzak Ž, Jurišić G, Jurić H. Assessment of efficacy of two chlorhexidine mouthrinses on oral hygiene and gingival health in adolescents wearing two types of orthodontic brackets. Int J Dent Hyg 2017; 16:e52-e57. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Jurišić
- Private Practice; Dental Polyclinic Jurišić; Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ž Verzak
- Paediatric Dentistry Department; School of Dental Medicine; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | - G Jurišić
- Private Practice; Dental Polyclinic Jurišić; Mostar Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - H Jurić
- Paediatric Dentistry Department; School of Dental Medicine; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
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Mali GV, Dodamani AS, Karibasappa GN, Vishwakarma P, Jain VM. Comparative Evaluation of Arimedadi Oil with 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate in Prevention of Plaque and Gingivitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC31-4. [PMID: 27630949 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19120.8132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemical plaque control measures are advocated to maintain proper oral hygiene. Ayurvedic medicines are alternatives considered with minimal side effects to treat systemic diseases and dental diseases. So the present study was conducted to assess the anti-plaque efficacy of Arimedadi (herbal) oil against 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash. AIM To assess the anti-plaque efficacy of Arimedadi (herbal) oil against 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 45 patients aged 18 to 21 years, with mild to moderate gingivitis were recruited and were divided randomly into three groups with 15 subjects in each group. After baseline data, scaling and polishing was performed. Group A, as Control, Group B, Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash and Group C used experimental Arimedadi oil mouthwash. Instructions were given to use 10 ml mouthwash twice daily after 30 min of tooth brushing for 1 min till 21 days. Plaque Index (PI) and Gingival Index (GI) were taken to assess Plaque and Gingival health on 7(th) day, 14(th) day and at 21(st) day. The statistical analysis was done using Paired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Post Hoc test. RESULTS There was similar improvement in gingival health among both groups compared to control group up to 21 days (p<0.001). However from 14(th) day to 21(st) day there was no difference in gingival health between Chlorhexidine and Arimedadi group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Arimedadi oil is equally effective to Chlorhexidine gluconate as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control in prevention of plaque accumulation and gingivitis. Arimedadi oil could be an effective and safe alternative to 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash due to its prophylactic and therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurao Vasant Mali
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College , Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun Suresh Dodamani
- Principal, Professor and Head, Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College , Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Vardhaman Mulchand Jain
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College , Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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Essential oils-containing mouthwashes for gingivitis and plaque: Meta-analyses and meta-regression. J Dent 2016; 55:7-15. [PMID: 27628316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of EO as adjuncts to mechanical plaque control (MPC) on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis when compared to placebo or cetylpyridium chloride (CPC). DATA Randomized controlled trials of at least 6 months of follow-up including systemically healthy individuals with gingivitis were included. SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, Lilacs and SCOPUS were searched up to April 2016. From 3045 citations, 16 studies were included. 14 studies assessed the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (QHI) and 11 studies assessed the Modified Gingival Index (MGI) and were included in meta-analyses and meta-regression. STUDY SELECTION The analysis of risk of bias suggested that the quality of the studies ranged from moderate to low. Mean QHI (WMD=-0.86, 95%CI -1.05 to -0.66) and MGI (WMD=-0.52, 95%CI -0.67 to -0.37) were lower for EO+MPC than placebo+MPC. Reductions in plaque and gingivitis were, respectively, 32% and 24% larger for EO+MPC than placebo+MPC. The decreases in QHI (WMD=-0.95, 95%CI -1.26 to -0.63) and in MGI (WMD=-0.34, 95%CI -0.53 to -0.15) observed in the EO+MPC group, compared to placebo+MPC in interproximal areas, were significantly different and in favor to EO+MPC. EO+MPC compared to CPC+MPC resulted in clinically lower levels of plaque and gingivitis. High heterogeneity (I2>95%) was found and explained (MGI-R2=63.6%; QHI-R2=80.1%) by differences between studies in the percentage of males, supervision of the mouthwashes and provision of oral hygiene. CONCLUSIONS EO seems to be superior to placebo+MPC and CPC+MPC for reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation in patients with gingivitis. Expected benefits may be clinically relevant and may also reach the interproximal area. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mouthwashes containing essential oils should be considered the first choice for daily use as adjuvants to self-performed mechanical plaque control.
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Serrano J, Escribano M, Roldán S, Martín C, Herrera D. Efficacy of adjunctive anti-plaque chemical agents in managing gingivitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 42 Suppl 16:S106-38. [PMID: 25495592 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of anti-plaque chemical formulations for managing gingivitis, in 6-month, home-use, randomised clinical trials (RCTs). MATERIAL AND METHODS A protocol was designed, including inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify RCTs assessing gingival and/or bleeding indices. Electronic and hand-searches identified relevant papers, which were screened and evaluated for inclusion. Full-papers were retrieved and relevant information was extracted (also plaque indices), including quality and risk of bias. Mean treatment effects were calculated to obtain weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS After the process of screening and selection, 87 articles with 133 comparisons, were included in the review. The additional effects of the tested products were statistically significant in terms of Löe & Silness gingival index (46 comparisons, WMD -0.217), modified gingival index (n = 23, -0.415), gingivitis severity index (n = 26, -14.939%) or bleeding index (n = 23, -7.626%), with significant heterogeneity. For plaque, additional effects were found for Turesky (66 studies, WMD -0.475), Silness & Löe (n = 26, -0.109), and plaque severity (n = 12, -23.4%) indices, with significant heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present study, formulations with specific agents for chemical plaque control provide statistically significant improvements in terms of gingival, bleeding and plaque indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Serrano
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Chhina S, Singh A, Menon I, Singh R, Sharma A, Aggarwal V. A randomized clinical study for comparative evaluation of Aloe Vera and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash efficacy on de-novo plaque formation. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:251-5. [PMID: 27382543 PMCID: PMC4916801 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.183109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comparatively assess the antiplaque efficacy of Aloe vera mouthwash and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash on de novo plaque formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a randomized, single blind, parallel, controlled clinical study with 90 healthy participants, with mean age of 27.19 ± 12.08 years. After thorough oral prophylaxis, participants were instructed to discontinue mechanical plaque control. Participants were divided randomly into three groups; pure Aloe vera mouthwash was dispensed to the test group; control group received 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash; in Placebo group, flavored distilled water was used as oral rinse twice daily. Effect on 4-day de novo plaque formation was assessed by comparing pre-rinsing Quigley Hein Modified Plaque Scores were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and Student's t-test. RESULTS Post-rinsing control group showed the least plaque score which was comparable to the test group. Both the control group and test group showed significant difference with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Herbal mouthwash containing Aloe vera mouthwash has comparable antiplaque efficacy as the gold standard 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate with fewer side effects and can be considered as an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivjot Chhina
- Department of Periodontics, ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avnish Singh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ITS Dental College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ipseeta Menon
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ITS Dental College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rickypal Singh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ITS Dental College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anubhav Sharma
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ITS Dental College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vartika Aggarwal
- Department of Periodontics, ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Thomas A, Thakur S, Mhambrey S. Comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine, sodium fluoride, fluoride with essential oils, alum, green tea, and garlic with lime mouth rinses on cariogenic microbes. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5:302-8. [PMID: 26312230 PMCID: PMC4547445 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.161759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of natural mouth rinse formulations are being proposed as an alternative to the widely used chemical mouth rinses. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine (0.2%), sodium fluoride (0.05%), fluoride with essential oils (0.05%), alum (0.02 M), green tea, and garlic with lime mouth rinses against Streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli, and Candida albicans. MATERIALS AND METHODS The three microbes were isolated from the saliva samples collected from children with severe early childhood caries. The zone of minimum inhibition was assessed using agar diffusion method. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS Against S. mutans and lactobacilli, chlorhexidine mouth rinse was found to be the most effective as compared to sodium fluoride (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), fluoride with essential oils (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), alum (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), green tea (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and garlic with lime (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) mouth rinses, respectively. But against C. albicans, garlic with lime mouth rinse was found to be the most effective as compared to chlorhexidine (P < 0.001), sodium fluoride (P < 0.001), fluoride with essential oils (P < 0.001), alum (P < 0.001), and green tea (P < 0.001) mouth rinses. Against S. mutans and lactobacilli, after chlorhexidine mouth rinse, garlic with lime mouth rinse was found to be significantly more effective than sodium fluoride (P = 0.053, P = 0.001), fluoride with essential oils (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), alum (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), and green tea (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) mouth rinses. CONCLUSION As a natural mouth rinse, garlic with lime mouth rinse was found to be the most promising. However, further studies are needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Thomas
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Thakur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjana Mhambrey
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, AJ Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Hambire CU, Jawade R, Patil A, Wani VR, Kulkarni AA, Nehete PB. Comparing the antiplaque efficacy of 0.5% Camellia sinensis extract, 0.05% sodium fluoride, and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in children. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5:218-26. [PMID: 26236682 PMCID: PMC4515805 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.158016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is a multifactorial disease which requires a susceptible host, a cariogenic microflora, and a suitable substrate that must be present for a sufficient length of time. Tea is prepared by the infusion of dried leaves of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis, which contains bioactive compounds like polyphenols, flavonoids, and catechins that are thought to be responsible for the health benefits that have traditionally been attributed to tea. These compounds have multidimensional effects such as antibacterial action, inhibitory action on the bacterial and salivary amylase, and inhibition of acid production. AIMS The aim of this study is to compare the antiplaque efficacy of 0.5% C. sinensis extract, 0.05% sodium fluoride, and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized blinded controlled trial with 60 healthy children of age group 9-14 years was carried out. The subjects were randomly assigned to three groups, i.e. group A - 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate, group B - 0.05% sodium fluoride, and group C - 0.5% C. sinensis extract, with 20 subjects per group. Plaque accumulation and gingival condition were recorded using plaque index and gingival index. Oral hygiene was assessed by simplified oral hygiene index (OHIS). Salivary pH was assessed using indikrom pH strips. Plaque, gingival, and simplified OHI scores as well as salivary pH were recorded at baseline, immediately after first rinse, after 1 week, and in the 2(nd) week. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The data were analyzed using a computer software program (SPSS version 17). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to identify significant differences between the means of the study groups. Finally, paired t-tests were used to assess the significance of changes within each group between time periods. Critical P values of significance were set at 0.05 and the confidence level set at 95%. RESULTS Mean plaque and gingival scores were reduced over the 2-week trial period in the experimental groups. Antiplaque effectiveness was observed in all groups, the highest being in group C (P < 0.05). Chlorhexidine gluconate and tea showed comparative effectiveness on gingiva better than sodium fluoride (P < 0.05). The salivary pH increase was sustained and significant in groups B and C compared to group A. Oral hygiene improvement was better appreciated in groups A and C. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of 0.5% C. sinensis extract was more compared to 0.05% sodium fluoride and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinses. It should be explored as a cost-effective and safe long-term adjunct to oral self-care of patients as it has prophylactic benefits with minimum side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali U Hambire
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, SMBT Dental College, Sangamner, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rashmi Jawade
- Department of Periodontics, M.I.D.S.R Dental College, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amol Patil
- Department of Pedodontics, SMBT Dental College, Sangamner, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaibhav R Wani
- Department of Pedodontics, MGV's KBH Dental College and Hospital, Panchavati, Nasik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ankur A Kulkarni
- Department of Pedodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental School, Lohegaon, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Parag B Nehete
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MGV's KBH Dental College and Hospital, Panchavati, Nasik, Maharashtra, India
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Meta-analysis of the effect of an essential oil–containing mouthrinse on gingivitis and plaque. J Am Dent Assoc 2015; 146:610-622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Hotwani K, Baliga S, Sharma K. Phytodentistry: use of medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 11:233-51. [PMID: 25153610 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2013-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Finding healing powers in plants is an ancient idea. Herbs have been used as a traditional form of medicine since time immemorial. The natural products derived from medicinal plants have proven to be an abundant source of biologically active compounds, many of which have been the basis for the development of new chemicals for pharmaceuticals. Phytodentistry implies the use of plants and their products in the process of treating disease directly or indirectly. A crucial role is played by phytotherapy in the treatment of stomatological problems. It started with the use of miswak (chewing stick), and it is still relevant today as herbal toothpaste in many parts of the country. India is the largest producer of medicinal herbs and is appropriately called the botanical garden of the world. The use of this readily available, natural and safe resource as a part of dental practice has great potential for a more "Natural and Green Dental Practice". Plant products have long been used in dentistry as part of various dental materials right from impression materials to eugenol, which forms an integral part of the dental clinic. The use of herbs in dental practice is not limited to only material sciences. A single herb shows a variety of effects like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal activity and many more. Hence the incorporation of these herbs in dental practice will prove to be a valuable adjunct in dental treatment. This review is aimed at exploring the perspectives of this holistic treatment approach in dentistry and its benefits as an adjunctive therapy.
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Hosamane M, Acharya AB, Vij C, Trivedi D, Setty SB, Thakur SL. Evaluation of holy basil mouthwash as an adjunctive plaque control agent in a four day plaque regrowth model. J Clin Exp Dent 2014; 6:e491-6. [PMID: 25674314 PMCID: PMC4312674 DOI: 10.4317/jced.51479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Various antibacterial and antiplaque agents are used in chemical plaque control but none are without their shortcomings. Chlorhexidine considered a gold standard, also has an array of side effects. To overcome these, numerous herbal extracts have been tried and tested and one among them is holy basil. The present study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of holy basil in vitro against some periodontopathogens and its antiplaque effect in vivo.
Study Design: Thirty periodontally healthy volunteers were randomly divided into three groups and refrained from all mechanical oral hygiene measures for 4 days and used one of the randomly assigned mouthwash (1- chlorhexidine; 2- holy basil; and 3- sterile water [placebo]) twice daily. The Plaque Index (PI) was assessed at days 0 and 5. Aqueous extract of holy basil was tested against Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.nucleatum).
Results: Holy basil extract showed inhibition of both the tested periodontopathogens (P.intermedia and F.nucleatum) at various concentrations. In all groups, the PI increased from baseline to day 5. There was a statistically significant difference (p < .05) between the chlorhexidine and placebo rinse and the holy basil and placebo rinse, but no statistically significant difference was found between the chlorhexidine and holy basil rinse with respect to PI.
Conclusions: These results indicate that the holy basil mouthwash has an antiplaque effect and is efficacious against P. intermedia and F. nucleatum strains in vitro. Hence holy basil mouthwash may have potential as an antiplaque mouthwash with prophylactic benefits.
Key words:Antibacterial agent, basil, Fusobacterium nucleatum, mouthwashes, Prevotella intermedia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa Hosamane
- Graduate student. Department of Periodontics, S.D.M. College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Anirudh B Acharya
- Professor. Department of Periodontics, S.D.M. College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Chhavi Vij
- Undergraduate student. Department of Periodontics, S.D.M. College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhiraj Trivedi
- Professor and Head. Department of Biochemistry, S.D.M. College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Swati B Setty
- Professor and Head. Department of Periodontics, S.D.M. College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinath L Thakur
- Principal and Professor. Department of Periodontics, S.D.M. College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Ulkur F, Arun T, Ozdemir F. The effects of three different mouth rinses in a 4-day supragingival plaque regrowth study. Eur J Dent 2014; 7:352-358. [PMID: 24926216 PMCID: PMC4053625 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.115420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compares the effects of three different mouth rinses with respect to reducing Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) colony counts on the teeth and tongue surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, comparison tests using the alcohol-free 0.1% chlorhexidine mouth rinse, alcohol-containing essential oil mouth rinse, and alcohol-free essential oil-containing mouth rinse were conducted. Patients were instructed to avoid mechanical cleaning with either a toothbrush or toothpick for 4 days. The first samples were collected from teeth surfaces and the dorsum of the tongue after a professional cleaning, and the second samples were collected after a 4-day plaque re-growth period. The supragingival plaque from the buccal surfaces of teeth #11, 14, 31, 34 as well as samples from the dorsum of the tongue, were assessed using the Dentocult(®) strips. RESULTS The Listerine(®) and Ondrohexidine(®) groups did not show any statistically significant differences between the values of the two samples (P = 0.734, P = 0.307). The MC(®) group and the control group showed significantly higher results than the first sample values. The effectiveness of the mouth rinses on S. mutans colony counts from the teeth surfaces were higher in the Listerine(®), Ondrohexidine(®), and Mouthwash Concentrate(®) groups. The difference between the first and second samples of the S. mutans colony counts from the tongue surface was found to be statistically significant, and S. mutans colony counts were higher than the first sample (P = 0.015). CONCLUSION Alcohol and essential oil-containing Listerine(®) mouth rinse, alcohol-free Ondrohexidine(®), alcohol-free essential oil-containing MC(®) mouth rinse had the same effect on S. mutans counts, higher than the 1% alcohol solution on teeth surface. They had the ability to maintain the S. mutans counts at the same level for 4 days in patients who did not perform any mechanical oral hygiene regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Ulkur
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Tulin Arun
- Department of Orthodontist, Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Fulya Ozdemir
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University Istanbul, Turkiye
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Kaur H, Jain S, Kaur A. Comparative evaluation of the antiplaque effectiveness of green tea catechin mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 18:178-82. [PMID: 24872625 PMCID: PMC4033883 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.131320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to compare the antiplaque efficacy of green tea catechin mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single blinded cross-over study was conducted among 30 participants in the age group of 18-25 years. The mouthwash samples for the study were previously labeled assigning the letters: A (0.25% of green tea catechin mouthwash) and B (0.12% of chlorhexidine mouthwash). The study subjects were randomly divided into two groups of 15 each and the study was divided into two phases. In phase I, the mouthwash A was given to one group and other group was given mouthwash B. After a 15 day washout period, in phase II, both groups were given other mouthwash. At the end of each phase of 1 week, plaque score was recorded by using Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index. RESULTS The plaque scores were compared and the difference between the green tea catechin and chlorhexidine mouthwash was determined by t-test. The difference between plaque scores were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The results showed that both the groups that is green tea catechin mouthwash (0.25%) and chlorhexidine mouthwash (0.12%) have comparable results in plaque reduction. CONCLUSION This study supports the effectiveness of green tea catechin mouthwash as an antiplaque agent. It should be explored as a cost-effective, long-term antiplaque rinse with prophylactic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjit Kaur
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sunam, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sunam, Punjab, India
| | - Amritpal Kaur
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sunam, Punjab, India
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Van Leeuwen MPC, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA. The effect of an essential-oils mouthrinse as compared to a vehicle solution on plaque and gingival inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2014; 12:160-7. [PMID: 24720368 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to systematically evaluate the effects of an alcohol vehicle solution (V-Sol) compared with an essential-oils mouthwash (EOMW) and if available with a water-based control (WC) on plaque, gingival inflammation parameters and extrinsic tooth staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed-MEDLINE, Cochrane-CENTRAL and EMBASE databases were searched. Where appropriate, a meta-analysis was performed, and difference of means (DIFFM) as calculated. RESULTS In total, 971 unique papers were found of which five met the eligibility criteria. The DIFFM of the meta-analysis of four 6-month studies showed that the EOMW provided significantly better plaque control (DIFFM = 0.39, P < 0.00001) and gingival inflammation reduction as measured by the Löe and Silness Index (DIFFM = 0.36, P = 0.00001) as compared to the V-Sol. Regarding extrinsic tooth staining, a small but significant difference (DIFFM = -0.08, P = 0.03) was observed. CONCLUSION Limited data, but with a low risk of bias, were available to assess the potential benefit of the alcohol-containing V-Sol. 'High'- and 'moderate'-quality data were available for the analysis of plaque and gingivitis, respectively. Within these limitations, EOMW appears to provide a significant oral health benefit during the 6 months of use. The data retrieved for this review suggest that the essential oils produce an effect on plaque and gingivitis that extends beyond the V-Sol. Furthermore, the V-Sol proved to be no different from a WC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P C Van Leeuwen
- Department of Periodontology (ACTA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Dentistry Clinic, Bussum, the Netherlands
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Khairnar MS, Pawar B, Marawar PP, Mani A. Evaluation of Calendula officinalis as an anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis agent. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 17:741-7. [PMID: 24554883 PMCID: PMC3917203 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.124491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Calendula officinalis (C. officinalis), commonly known as pot marigold, is a medicinal herb with excellent antimicrobial, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activity. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of C. officinalis in reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty patients within the age group of 20-40 years were enrolled in this study with their informed consent. Patients having gingivitis (probing depth (PD) ≤3 mm), with a complaint of bleeding gums were included in this study. Patients with periodontitis PD ≥ 4 mm, desquamative gingivitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), smokers under antibiotic coverage, and any other history of systemic diseases or conditions, including pregnancy, were excluded from the study. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups – test group (n = 120) and control group (n = 120). All the test group patients were advised to dilute 2 ml of tincture of calendula with 6 ml of distilled water and rinse their mouths once in the morning and once in the evening for six months. Similarly, the control group patients were advised to use 8 ml distilled water (placebo) as control mouthwash and rinse mouth twice daily for six months. Clinical parameters like the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), and oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S) were recorded at baseline (first visit), third month (second visit), and sixth month (third visit) by the same operator, to rule out variable results. During the second visit, after recording the clinical parameters, each patient was subjected to undergo a thorough scaling procedure. Patients were instructed to carry out regular routine oral hygiene maintenance without any reinforcement in it. Results: In the absence of scaling (that is, between the first and second visit), the test group showed a statistically significant reduction in the scores of PI, GI, SBI (except OHI-S) (P < 0.05), whereas, the control group showed no reduction in scores when the baseline scores were compared with the third month scores. Also, when scaling was performed during the third month (second visit), there was statistically significant reduction in the scores of all parameters, when the third month scores were compared with the sixth month scores in both groups (P < 0.05), but the test group showed a significantly greater reduction in the PI, GI, SBI, and OHI-S scores compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that calendula mouthwash is effective in reducing dental plaque and gingivitis adjunctive to scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Sudhakar Khairnar
- Department of Periodontology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Rural Dental College, Loni, Rahata, Ahmed Nagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Babita Pawar
- Department of Periodontology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Rural Dental College, Loni, Rahata, Ahmed Nagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pramod Parashram Marawar
- Department of Periodontology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Rural Dental College, Loni, Rahata, Ahmed Nagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ameet Mani
- Department of Periodontology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Rural Dental College, Loni, Rahata, Ahmed Nagar, Maharashtra, India
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Mythri H, Ananda SR, Prashant GM, Subba Reddy VV, Chandu GN. The efficacy of antiseptic mouth rinses in comparison with dental floss in controlling interproximal gingivitis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2014; 1:31-5. [PMID: 24478951 PMCID: PMC3894074 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.86385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maintaining good oral hygiene is important to combat periodontal diseases. The use of tooth brush alone does not serve the purpose, especially in inaccessible areas like proximal embrasures, which demand the use of some adjuncts like proximal cleaning aids. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of two antimicrobial mouth rinses (Cool mint Listerine and 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate) with dental floss in reducing interproximal gingivitis and dental plaque in an unsupervised condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomized, controlled, single-blind (observer), parallel-group clinical trial in accordance with the ADA guidelines was conducted for a period of 6 months. Four index age groups (12, 15, 35-44, and 65-74 years) were divided into four groups, i.e., brushing, brushing and flossing, brushing and rinsing with Listerine, and brushing and rinsing with Chlorhexidine, so that each group comprised 40 subjects. Interproximal gingivitis and dental plaque were assessed using Modified Gingival Index, Turesky-Gilmore-Glickman modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index and Gingival Bleeding Index. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for multiple group comparisons, followed by Tukey's post hoc for group-wise comparisons. RESULTS Chlorhexidine and Listerine showed significant reduction in plaque and gingivitis level compared to others, the activity of Chlorhexidine being more significant. CONCLUSIONS The level of interproximal gingivitis control efficacy provided by the Listerine and Chlorhexidine was "at least as good as" that provided by the dental floss. Hence, they can be recommended for the patients with gingivitis as an adjunctive to the usual home care routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mythri
- Department of Community Dentistry, Sree Siddhartha Dental College, Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - S R Ananda
- Department of Community Dentistry, Hasanamba Dental College, Hassan, Karnataka, India
| | - G M Prashant
- Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - V V Subba Reddy
- Department of Paedodontics, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - G N Chandu
- Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Wikén Albertsson K, Persson A, van Dijken JWV. Effect of essential oils containing and alcohol-free chlorhexidine mouthrinses on cariogenic micro-organisms in human saliva. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:883-91. [PMID: 23088552 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2012.734414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva of mouthrinsing with essential oils and an alcohol-free chlorhexidine. MATERIALS AND METHOD Twenty healthy volunteers (mean age 59 years) participated in the double-blind randomized cross-over study. Three mouthrinses were used in 16 days rinsing periods in addition to their regular mechanical oral hygiene: a solution with essential oils (EO; Listerine), a solution with alcohol-free chlorhexidine (CHX; Paroex) and water (negative control). The mouthrinse periods were separated by 3-month washout periods. At days 0 (baseline) and 17 (end) of each mouthrinse period, paraffin stimulated whole saliva was collected in order to analyse CFU/ml saliva of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. RESULTS Only the CHX rinse showed a significant difference for CFU mutans streptococci between baseline and end (p = 0.004). The CFU mutans streptococci at the end of the rinse periods showed statistically significant differences between CHX vs EO (p = 0.039) and CHX vs water (p = 0.022). The difference in CFU lactobacilli between baseline and end was significant for CHX (p = 0.031), but not for the other rinses. No statistically significant differences for lactobacilli were found at the end of the rinse periods between the mouthrinses. CONCLUSION A significant reduction in amount of cariogenic bacteria in saliva was observed after 16 days of alcohol-free chlorhexidine mouthrinse but not after the essential oils rinse. The high number of participant's not changing to a bacterial class with a reduced number of micro-organisms showed that both rinses had little clinical significance as a caries preventing treatment method, which can decrease the number of CFU cariogenic micro-organisms.
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Corrosion Response of Ti6Al4V and Ti15Mo Dental Implant Alloys in the Presence of Listerine Oral Rinse. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CORROSION 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/739841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of a commonly used antibacterial mouth rinse, Listerine, on the corrosion behavior of one of the commonly used titanium alloys Ti6Al4V (two-phase structure, i.e.,αandβ) and a newer Ti15Mo (singleβphase) in normal saline solution has been investigated using electrochemical techniques. Interfacial electrochemical changes occurring at the oxide-solution interface have been analysed using EIS circuit modeling. Listerine acts as a corrosion inhibitor for Ti15Mo alloy and a corrosion promoter for Ti6Al4V alloy.
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Bagan JV, Vera-Sempere F, Marzal C, Pellín-Carcelén A, Martí-Bonmatí E, Bagan L. Cytological changes in the oral mucosa after use of a mouth rinse with alcohol. A prospective double blind control study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e956-61. [PMID: 23085712 PMCID: PMC3505716 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this preliminary study was to detect cytological changes in the oral mucosa after using a mouth wash with alcohol. MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective double-blind, controlled study was performed, for 6 months. Group 1 consisted of 30 subjects who used a mouth rinse with 26.9% of alcohol [Listerine] and Group 2 consisted of 30 subjects who used a mouth rinse with the same ingredients but with no alcohol. We obtained three cytological samples from the oral mucosa. The presence of cytological atypia, binucleation and karyorrhesis, and type of cells were studied. We also used a fluorescent in situ hybridization technique (FISH) in 15 samples in each group, for the micronucleus. RESULTS We found no clinical mucosal alteration after using the mouth wash at the end of the study in either group. We observed no cytological differences between the groups at the end of the study (p>0.05). Regarding the study of the micronucleus by FISH, we observed no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed no cytological alteration in patients using a mouth rinse with alcohol, but these findings should be considered preliminary results, to be confirmed in a greater sample of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Bagan
- Valencia University, Service of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain
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Cosyn J, Princen K, Miremadi R, Decat E, Vaneechoutte M, De Bruyn H. A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study on the clinical and microbial effects of an essential oil mouth rinse used by patients in supportive periodontal care. Int J Dent Hyg 2012; 11:53-61. [PMID: 22998386 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM This 3-month double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study evaluated the clinical and microbial effects of an essential oil mouth rinse used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control by patients in supportive periodontal care. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty patients were randomly allocated to an essential oil group (Listerine(®) Coolmint; Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) or placebo group to rinse twice per day as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control. At baseline and after 3 months, plaque index (PI), gingivitis index (GI), probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing (BoP) and clinical attachment level were registered. Subgingival plaque samples were collected for the detection and quantification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Micromonas micros, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium genus and Streptococcus mutans by means of real-time PCR (qPCR). Patient's compliance, satisfaction and side effects were registered. RESULTS Twenty-three patients in the essential oil group (mean age: 57) and 21 in the placebo group (mean age: 55) with acceptable oral hygiene at intake (mean PI <1.5 on a scale of 5) adhered to the study protocol. Gingivitis index, PI and BoP significantly reduced over time (P ≤ 0.029); however, between group analyses revealed no significant differences. There was no significant change over time neither in detection frequency nor load for any of the microbiota. Daily rinsing with an essential oil rinse was found safe and perceived beneficial by the patients. CONCLUSION Patients in supportive periodontal care who are fairly compliant with oral hygiene may not benefit from additional mouth rinsing using an essential oil solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cosyn
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dental School, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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Kumar S, Patel S, Tadakamadla J, Tibdewal H, Duraiswamy P, Kulkarni S. Effectiveness of a mouthrinse containing active ingredients in addition to chlorhexidine and triclosan compared with chlorhexidine and triclosan rinses on plaque, gingivitis, supragingival calculus and extrinsic staining. Int J Dent Hyg 2012; 11:35-40. [PMID: 22672130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2012.00560.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of three different mouthrinses--chlorhexidine, triclosan + sodium fluoride and chlorhexidine + triclosan + sodium fluoride + zinc chloride--on plaque, calculus, gingivitis and stains and to evaluate the occurrence of adverse effects with these three treatments. METHODS Forty-eight healthy subjects participated in a double-blind, randomized, parallel experiment and were randomly allocated to any one of the three experimental mouthrinses: group A (0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate), group B (0.03% triclosan + 0.025% sodium fluoride (NaF) + 12% ethyl alcohol) or group C (0.2% CHX + 0.3% triclosan + 0.3% NaF + 0.09% Zn chloride (ZnCl(2)). All the subjects were assessed for gingivitis, plaque, supragingival calculus and extrinsic stains at baseline and at the end of the 21-day experimental period. RESULTS There was a significant difference (P = 0.046) in the effectiveness for the prevention of gingivitis and plaque, with subjects of group A and group C presenting least and highest gingival and plaque scores, respectively. Significant differences (P = 0.03) were observed for the accumulation of supragingival calculus where the deposition of calculus in group A was nearly double that of the group B, and group B was most effective in the prevention of supragingival calculus. Highest deposition of extrinsic stains was in the group A followed by group C and group B. There was no significant difference between the three treatments for adverse events' occurrence. CONCLUSIONS CHX mouthrinse was most effective in controlling plaque and gingivitis but caused greatest deposition of extrinsic stains. Supragingival calculus deposition was least in triclosan + NaF group followed by CHX + triclosan + NaF + ZnCl(2) and CHX. More than half of the subjects reported adverse events during the experimental phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Rode SDM, Gimenez X, Montoya VC, Gómez M, Blanc SLD, Medina M, Salinas E, Pedroza J, Zaldivar-Chiapa RM, Pannuti CM, Cortelli JR, Oppermann RV. Daily biofilm control and oral health: consensus on the epidemiological challenge - Latin American Advisory Panel. Braz Oral Res 2012; 26 Suppl 1:133-43. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012000700020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Marchetti E, Mummolo S, Di Mattia J, Casalena F, Di Martino S, Mattei A, Marzo G. Efficacy of essential oil mouthwash with and without alcohol: a 3-day plaque accumulation model. Trials 2011; 12:262. [PMID: 22171999 PMCID: PMC3292473 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-12-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiplaque effect of a new alcohol free essential oil mouthwash with respect to a control of an essential oil with alcohol mouthwash, using an in vivo plaque regrowth model of 3-days. Methods The study was designed as a double-masked, randomized, crossover clinical trial, involving 30 volunteers to compare two different essential oil containing mouthwashes, during a 3-day plaque accumulation model. After receiving a thorough professional prophylaxis at the baseline, over the next 3-days each volunteer refrained from all oral hygiene measures and had two daily rinses with 20 ml of the test mouthwash (alcohol free essential oil) or the control mouthwash (essential oil with alcohol). At the end of the each experimental period, plaque was assessed and the panelists filled out a questionnaire. Each subject underwent a 14 days washout period and there was a second allocation. Results The essential oil mouthwash with ethanol shows a better inhibitory effect of plaque regrowth in 3-days than the mouthwash test with only essential oil in the whole mouth (plaque index = 2.18 against 2.46, respectively, p < 0.05); for the lower jaw (plaque index = 2.28 against 2.57, respectively, p < 0.05); for the upper jaw (plaque index = 2.08 against 2.35, respectively, p < 0.05); for the incisors (plaque index = 1.93 against 2.27, respectively, p < 0.05); and the canines (plaque index = 1.99 against 2.47, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusion The essential oil containing mouthwash without alcohol seems to have a less inhibiting effect on the plaque regrowth than the traditional alcoholic solution. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01411618
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Marchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of L'Aquila, P.le G. Liberatore, Ed. Delta 6, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Abstract
Periodontal disease is mainly associated with the activity of bacteria which adhere to the tooth surface and form specific structure of bacterial biofilm. Periodontal bacteria cause inflammation of the gums and aggressive immune response, affecting the periodontium. The first phase of initial therapy - mechanical removal of dental plaque and calculus - is necessary. If this non-surgical therapy has proved to be unsuccessful, an alternative treatment with antimicrobial agents is then considered. Pharmacotherapy is based on systemic or local antibiotics and/or antiseptics, which are applied according to the severity of the disease. A number of recent periodontal studies present some of the pharmacological agents, that are directed against bacteria or a host immune response, are often chosen as an adjunct treatment option, but none of these antimicrobials were established as 'a gold standard' in the periodontal treatment. This review provides some present recommendation of pharmacological strategies, with particular emphasis on systemic and local antimicrobial therapy of periodontal disease.
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Charles CA, McGuire JA, Sharma NC, Qaqish J. Comparative efficacy of two daily use mouthrinses: randomized clinical trial using an experimental gingivitis model. Braz Oral Res 2011; 25:338-44. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242011000400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ann Charles
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer & Personal Healthcare Products Worldwide, United States of America
| | - James Anthony McGuire
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer & Personal Healthcare Products Worldwide, United States of America
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Bardal PAP, Olympio KPK, Bastos JRDM, Henriques JFC, Buzalaf MAR. Educação e motivação em saúde bucal: prevenindo doenças e promovendo saúde em pacientes sob tratamento ortodôntico. Dental Press J Orthod 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s2176-94512011000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇãO: os cirurgiões-dentistas têm a responsabilidade de prevenir doenças, minimizar riscos e promover saúde. Os pacientes também precisam ser despertados sobre o seu papel nos cuidados com a saúde bucal. No caso de pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico, é particularmente difícil manter uma higiene bucal satisfatória devido à presença de bandas, fios e ligaduras. Torna-se, então, indispensável a instituição de métodos preventivos de motivação e orientação para o controle mecânico da placa dentária. OBJETIVO: verificar os efeitos de ações educativas, preventivas e motivacionais sobre a saúde bucal de pacientes em tratamento ortodôntico fixo. MéTODOS: os participantes receberam gratuitamente dentifrício e escova dental durante todo o estudo e instruções sobre higiene bucal foram fornecidas e reforçadas no decorrer dos 6 meses da pesquisa. Foram realizados exames clínicos baseline e após 6, 12 e 24 semanas, para verificação dos índices de Placa, Gengival e Sangramento. RESULTADOS: as condições de saúde bucal dos participantes, que inicialmente eram insatisfatórias, melhoraram significativamente no decorrer do estudo, considerando-se todos os índices. As ações preventivas, educativas e motivacionais realizadas foram estatisticamente eficazes na melhora da saúde bucal dos pacientes ortodônticos. CONCLUSõES: a promoção de saúde e a prevenção de doenças devem fazer parte do atendimento que os ortodontistas direcionam aos seus pacientes, sendo que a orientação e motivação quanto aos cuidados com a saúde bucal devem estar presentes antes e durante o tratamento.
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Feng HS, Bernardo CC, Sonoda LL, Hayashi F, Romito GA, De Lima LAPA, Lotufo RFM, Pannuti CM. Subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation of residual pockets irrigated with essential oils: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:637-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Solís C, Santos A, Nart J, Violant D. 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouthwash With an Antidiscoloration System Versus 0.2% Chlorhexidine Mouthwash: A Prospective Clinical Comparative Study. J Periodontol 2011; 82:80-5. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Amini P, Araujo MWB, Wu MM, Charles CA, Sharma NC. Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of three antiseptic mouthrinses: a two week randomized clinical trial. Braz Oral Res 2010; 23:319-25. [PMID: 19893969 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242009000300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this randomized, examiner blind, parallel group, controlled clinical trial was to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse (EO) to two mouthrinses containing 0.05% Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC), one with alcohol and one alcohol-free, using a two-week experimental gingivitis validated-model with a 5% hydroalcohol rinse serving as the negative control. One hundred and fifty-nine subjects, 56 males and 103 females; ranging in age from 18 to 58 years in good general health were assigned to one of the four treatment groups: EO (n = 40), 0.05% CPC with alcohol (CPCa, n = 39), 0.05% CPC alcohol-free (CPCna, n = 40), and 5% hydroalcohol negative control (n = 40). The Mean Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (PI) and the Mean Modified Gingival Index (MGI) were the primary efficacy endpoints and were evaluated at baseline and at two weeks. Following baseline examinations, subjects received a complete dental prophylaxis and began supervised rinsing with their assigned mouthrinse twice daily for two weeks, as their sole oral hygiene measure; 151 subjects completed the trial. Two weeks after baseline the EO adjusted mean PI and MGI scores were significantly lower than those of both CPC rinses and negative control (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the EO mouthrinse demonstrated significantly greater antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy than both CPC-containing mouthrinses and the negative control.
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Van Leeuwen MPC, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA. Essential oils compared to chlorhexidine with respect to plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review. J Periodontol 2010; 82:174-94. [PMID: 21043801 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate the effects of an essential-oil mouthwash (EOMW) compared to a chlorhexidine mouthwash with respect to plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched for studies up to and including September 2010 to identify appropriate articles. A comprehensive search was designed, and the articles were independently screened for eligibility by two reviewers. Articles that evaluated the effects of the EOMW compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash were included. Where appropriate, a meta-analysis was performed, and weighted mean differences (WMDs) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 390 unique articles were found, of which 19 articles met the eligibility criteria. A meta-analysis of long-term studies (duration ≥ 4 weeks) showed that the chlorhexidine mouthwash provided significantly better effects regarding plaque control than EOMW (WMD: 0.19; P = 0.0009). No significant difference with respect to reduction of gingival inflammation was found between EOMW and chlorhexidine mouthwash (WMD: 0.03; P = 0.58). CONCLUSION In long-term use, the standardized formulation of EOMW appeared to be a reliable alternative to chlorhexidine mouthwash with respect to parameters of gingival inflammation.
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Non-surgical chemotherapeutic treatment strategies for the management of periodontal diseases. Dent Clin North Am 2010; 54:13-33. [PMID: 20103470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are initiated by subgingival periodontal pathogens in susceptible periodontal sites. The host immune response toward periodontal pathogens helps to sustain periodontal disease and eventual alveolar bone loss. Numerous adjunctive therapeutic strategies have evolved to manage periodontal diseases. Systemic and local antibiotics, antiseptics, and past and future host immune modulatory agents are reviewed and discussed to facilitate the dental practitioner's appreciation of this ever-growing field in clinical periodontics.
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Salgado ADY, Maia JL, Pereira SLDS, de Lemos TLG, Mota OMDL. Antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of a gel containing Punica granatum Linn extract: a double-blind clinical study in humans. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 14:162-6. [PMID: 19089066 PMCID: PMC4327190 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572006000300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of a gel containing 10% Punica granatum Linn extract were evaluated using a 21-day partial-mouth experimental model of gingivitis. Methods: 23 volunteers participated in this cross-over, doubleblind study, carried out in 2 phases of 21 days each. For each period of the experiment, an acrylic toothshield was made for each volunteer to carry the test or placebo gel as well as to avoid brushing of the 4 experimental teeth (posterior teeth in the lower left quadrant). The subjects were randomly assigned to use either the placebo gel (control group) or the test gel (experimental group) and were instructed to brush the remaining teeth normally 3 times a day. On days 0 and 21, the visible plaque index (VPI) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded. Results: The results did not show statistically significant difference between control and experimental groups for either of the indices (VPI and GBI). Conclusion: The gel containing 10% Punica granatum Linn extract was not efficient in preventing supragingival dental plaque formation and gingivitis.
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Marchetti E, Mummolo S, Marzo G, Civisca A, Di Pietro C, Marinelli G. Effetto di un collutorio agli oli essenziali nella riduzione di placca e infiammazione interprossimali rispetto a una soluzione a base di etanolo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pad.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Basch E, Ulbricht C, Hammerness P, Bevins A, Sollars D. Thyme (Thymus vulgarisL.), Thymol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/j157v04n01_07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rasooli I, Shayegh S, Astaneh S. The effect ofMentha spicataandEucalyptus camaldulensisessential oils on dental biofilm. Int J Dent Hyg 2009; 7:196-203. [PMID: 19659716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Rasooli
- Department of Biology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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46
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Teles RP, Teles FRF. Antimicrobial agents used in the control of periodontal biofilms: effective adjuncts to mechanical plaque control? Braz Oral Res 2009; 23 Suppl 1:39-48. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242009000500007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Pizzo G, La Cara M, Licata ME, Pizzo I, D'Angelo M. The effects of an essential oil and an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride mouthrinse on supragingival plaque regrowth. J Periodontol 2008; 79:1177-83. [PMID: 18597599 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The side effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) have stimulated the search for alternative antiplaque agents such as amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (ASF) and essential oils (EO). The aim of the study was to investigate the plaque-inhibiting effects of two commercially available mouthrinses containing ASF and EO, respectively. METHODS The study was an observer-masked, randomized, 5 x 5 Latin square cross-over design, balanced for carryover effects, involving 15 volunteers in a 4-day plaque regrowth model. A 0.12% CHX rinse and a saline solution served as positive and negative controls, respectively. On day 1, subjects received professional prophylaxis, suspended oral hygiene measures, and commenced rinsing with their allocated rinses. On day 5, subjects were scored for disclosed plaque. The ASF rinse was tested at two dosages: 10 and 20 ml (ASF-10 and ASF-20, respectively). RESULTS The ASF and EO rinses showed a significant inhibition of plaque regrowth compared to saline (P <0.0001), but the lowest plaque indices were obtained with the CHX product (P <0.01). There were no significant differences among products containing ASF-10, ASF-20, and EO (P >0.05). There was no correlation between the occurrence of side effects and the use of a particular rinse product (P >0.2). CONCLUSIONS ASF and EO mouthrinses exerted effective and similar plaque inhibition. The two dosages tested for ASF did not differ in plaque reduction. These findings, together with those from long-term trials, suggest that ASF and EO rinses may represent effective alternatives to CHX rinse as adjuncts to oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pizzo
- Department of Oral Sciences, Section of Periodontology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Paschos E, Limbach M, Teichmann M, Huth KC, Folwaczny M, Hickel R, Rudzki-Janson I. Orthodontic Attachments and Chlorhexidine-Containing Varnish Effects on Gingival Health. Angle Orthod 2008; 78:908-16. [DOI: 10.2319/090707-422.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To compare the severity of clinical inflammation parameters and the level of the inflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)–1β during orthodontic treatment by using brackets and bands. In addition, the effect of a chlorhexidine-containing varnish was investigated.
Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial included 40 healthy children who required an orthodontic treatment of mild crowding. Either brackets or bands were randomly allocated to the premolars with a split-mouth design. Twenty of the children received a chlorhexidine-containing varnish during the treatment (0, 12, 24 weeks), while the remaining children served as a control group. Prior and until 24 weeks after the insertion, data were recorded regarding the pocket depth (PD), the gingival appearance (gingival index [GI]), and the plaque accumulation (plaque index [PI]). Gingival crevicular fluid was collected as well. A quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay technique was used to detect differences in IL-1β.
Results: The PDs and the gingival index of teeth with brackets showed significantly lower values in comparison with teeth treated with bands (P = .0001). The IL-1β levels confirmed these findings. In contrast, the PI showed higher values for the teeth with brackets (P = .0001). The teeth that received a chlorhexidine-containing varnish showed significantly lower values in the follow-ups for most of the evaluated parameters (PDBand, PIBand, PIBracket, GIBand, GIBracket; P < .015).
Conclusion: The clinically observed parameters as well as the IL-1β levels reflected the higher impact of bands on gingival health. These values showed a significant decrease after application of a chlorhexidine-containing varnish. However, the PI showed higher values for the teeth with brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterini Paschos
- a Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Marion Teichmann
- c Dental student, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin C. Huth
- d Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- e Associate Professor, Priv. Doz, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Hickel
- f Professor and Head, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingrid Rudzki-Janson
- g Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Stoeken JE, Paraskevas S, van der Weijden GA. The long-term effect of a mouthrinse containing essential oils on dental plaque and gingivitis: a systematic review. J Periodontol 2007; 78:1218-28. [PMID: 17608576 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2007.060269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the effects of a mouthrinse containing essential oils (EO) on plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation. METHODS The MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to and including December 2006 to identify appropriate studies. The primary outcome measure was gingivitis. Secondary parameters were plaque and, when reported, staining. RESULTS Independent screening of titles and abstracts of 566 papers resulted in 11 publications that met the criteria of eligibility. In all studies, EO was used as an adjunct to regular daily toothbrushing. A statistically significant reduction in overall gingivitis was noted compared to the control (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.46 to -0.19, P <0.00001; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I(2) = 96.7%). For interproximal sites the use of the test mouthrinse resulted in significantly more gingivitis reduction compared to control mouthrinse (WMD: -0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.11, P = 0.002; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I(2) = 95.18%), whereas no differences were observed compared to dental floss. With respect to plaque scores, EO produced significant overall reductions in plaque (WMD: -0.83, 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.53, P <0.00001; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I(2) = 96.1%). Separate analysis for interproximal areas revealed that EO resulted in more pronounced plaque drops compared to the control mouthrinse (WMD: -1.02, 95% CI: -1.44 to -0.60, P <0.00001; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I(2) = 96.1%) or the use of floss (WMD: -0.75, 95% CI: -1.15 to -0.363, P <0.0002; test for heterogeneity: P <0.0002, I(2) = 93.0%). Most studies agreed that EO did not produce more staining than the control products. CONCLUSION When used as an adjunct to unsupervised oral hygiene, EO provides an additional benefit with regard to plaque and gingivitis reduction as compared to a placebo or control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Stoeken
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Preoperative sterilization and disinfection of drill guide templates. Clin Oral Investig 2007; 12:179-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-007-0153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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