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Chen Q, Wang Y, Shuai J. Current status and future prospects of stomatology research. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:853-867. [PMID: 37752088 PMCID: PMC10522564 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Research in stomatology (dental medicine) continues to expand globally and is oriented towards solving clinical issues, focusing on clarifying the clinical relevance and potential mechanisms of oral-systemic connections via clinical epidemiology, oral microecological characterization, and the establishment of animal models. Interdisciplinary integration of materials science and tissue engineering with stomatology is expected to lead to the creation of innovative materials and technologies to better resolve the most prevalent and challenging clinical issues such as peri-implantitis, soft and hard tissue defects, and dentin hypersensitivity. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), 5th generation mobile communication technology (5G), and big data applications, "intelligent stomatology" is emerging to build models for better clinical diagnosis and management, accelerate the reform of education, and support the growth and advancement of scientific research. Here, we summarized the current research status, and listed the future prospects and limitations of these three aspects, aiming to provide a basis for more accurate etiological exploration, novel treatment methods, and abundant big data analysis in stomatology to promote the translation of research achievements into practical applications for both clinicians and the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yahui Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jing Shuai
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Buschhart AL, Bolten L, Volzke J, Ekat K, Kneitz S, Mikkat S, Kreikemeyer B, Müller-Hilke B. Periodontal pathogens alter the synovial proteome. Periodontal pathogens do not exacerbate macroscopic arthritis but alter the synovial proteome in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242868. [PMID: 33382721 PMCID: PMC7774964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PD) are chronic inflammatory diseases that appear to occur in tandem. However, the mutual impact PD exerts on RA and vice versa has not yet been defined. To address this issue, we set up an animal model and analyzed how two prime inducers of periodontitis—Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)–differ in their pathogenic potential. Our experimental setup included collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in the mouse, oral inoculation with Pg or Aa to induce alveolar bone loss and the combination of both diseases in inverted orders of events. Neither pathobiont impacted on macroscopic arthritis and arthritis did not exacerbate alveolar bone loss. However, there were subtle differences between Pg and Aa with the former inducing more alveolar bone loss if PD was induced before CIA. On a molecular level, Pg and Aa led to differential expression patterns in the synovial membranes that were reminiscent of cellular and humoral immune responses, respectively. The Pg and Aa specific signatures in the synovial proteomes suggest a role for oral pathogens in shaping disease subtypes and setting the stage for subsequent therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Buschhart
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting & Cell Analysis, Laboratory for Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lennart Bolten
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting & Cell Analysis, Laboratory for Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johann Volzke
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting & Cell Analysis, Laboratory for Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Ekat
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Susanne Kneitz
- Physiological Chemistry, Theodor Boveri Institute (Biocenter), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Mikkat
- Core Facility for Proteome Analysis, Center for Medical Research, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Müller-Hilke
- Core Facility for Cell Sorting & Cell Analysis, Laboratory for Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Poutoglidou F, Pourzitaki C, Dardalas I, Manthou ΜE, Samoladas E, Kouvelas D. The Use of Collagen-Induced Arthritis Animal Model on Studying Bone Metabolism. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:109-120. [PMID: 32356018 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CIA is a well-studied animal model of autoimmune arthritis. It resembles rheumatoid arthritis as far as histopathological changes and molecular pathogenesis are concerned. CIA is induced by immunization with collagen type II in susceptible strains. The purpose of this review is to assess the use of CIA animal model on bone metabolism and the potential therapeutic agents that could reverse this effect. A database search from their inception to 2019 was conducted to identify experimental animal studies pertinent to CIA model and bone examination. Studies including ovariectomy or without a direct comparison between control and CIA groups were excluded. Forty-eight articles were considered suitable for inclusion. Imaging techniques, biomechanical analysis, histopathological studies, and molecular biology techniques were employed. A decrease in bone mineral density in CII arthritic animals was established. Bone loss was either periarticular, generalized or both. Although trabecular bone loss was clear, the effect on cortical bone is yet to be determined. The proposed mechanism is an imbalance between bone formation and resorption as a result of osteoclast activation. The signal pathways implicated appear to be the RANKL/RANK/OPG and the Wnt pathway. Many therapeutic targets were investigated with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frideriki Poutoglidou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chryssa Pourzitaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Dardalas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Μaria-Eleni Manthou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimios Samoladas
- Faculty of Medicine, Orthopeadics Division of Genimatas Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kouvelas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Bartold PM, Van Dyke TE. An appraisal of the role of specific bacteria in the initial pathogenesis of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:6-11. [PMID: 30556922 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, inflammatory periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) have been recognized as being primarily of bacterial origin. Bacteria are necessary for disease development, but the presence of specific bacteria does not guarantee progression to periodontitis. Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease; specific bacteria are associated with disease, but may not be the target of treatment. Gingivitis and periodontitis are inflammatory conditions associated with bacterial overgrowth. AIM To analyse evidence for established thought that specific bacteria directly participate in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and question the long-held tenet that penetration of the periodontal connective tissues by bacteria and their products is a significant phase in the initial development of periodontitis. METHODS The literature was searched for studies on initiation of gingivitis and periodontitis by specific pathogens. The search results were insufficient for a systematic review and have been summarized in a commentary instead. RESULTS There is very little evidence in the literature to support the commonly held concept that specific bacteria initiate periodontitis. CONCLUSION We present evidence for a paradigm supporting the central role of inflammation, rather than specific microbiota, in the early pathogenesis of periodontitis, and discuss whether controlling the inflammation can influence the character and composition of the periodontal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mark Bartold
- School of Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Interplay between P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans in murine alveolar bone loss, arthritis onset and progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15129. [PMID: 30310087 PMCID: PMC6181973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the association of periodontitis with rheumatoid arthritis. Even though a prominent role has been postulated for Porphyromonas gingivalis, many bacterial species contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. We therefore investigated the impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis as well as other major pathobionts on the development of both, periodontitis and arthritis in the mouse. Pathobionts used - either alone or in combination - were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomintans. Periodontitis was induced via oral gavage in SKG, DBA/1 and F1 (DBA/1 × B10.Q) mice and collagen-induced arthritis was provoked via immunization and boost with bovine collagen type II. Alveolar bone loss was quantified via micro computed tomography, arthritis was evaluated macroscopically and histologically and serum antibodies were assessed. Among the strains tested, only F1 mice were susceptible to P. gingivalis induced periodontitis and showed significant alveolar bone loss. Bone loss was paralleled by antibody titers against P. gingivalis. Of note, mice inoculated with the mix of all three pathobionts showed less alveolar bone loss than mice inoculated with P. gingivalis alone. However, oral inoculation with either F. nucleatum or A. actinomycetemcomintans alone accelerated subsequent arthritis onset and progression. This is the first report of a triple oral inoculation of pathobionts combined with collagen-induced arthritis in the mouse. In this interplay and this particular genetic setting, F. nucleatum and A. actinomycetemcomitans exerted a protective impact on P. gingivalis induced alveolar bone loss. By themselves they did not induce periodontitis yet accelerated arthritis onset and progression.
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Kim D, Lee G, Huh Y, Lee S, Park K, Kim S, Kim J, Koh J, Ryu J. NAMPT Is an Essential Regulator of RA-Mediated Periodontal Inflammation. J Dent Res 2017; 96:703-711. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517690389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated a potential correlation between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal inflammation. We undertook this study to verify whether RA mediates periodontitis-like phenotypes in experimental mouse models of RA and to explore the role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in periodontal inflammation during RA pathogenesis. Periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss have been reported in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and in genetically modified tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) transgenic (TG) mouse models. Among the adipokines examined in our study, NAMPT expression was markedly upregulated in the periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues in RA mouse models and in human PDL cells stimulated by the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL) 1β and TNF-α. When NAMPT was overexpressed with the Nampt-synthesizing adenovirus vector (Ad- Nampt), the PDL cells exhibited an increased expression of cytokines (IL6), chemokines (IL8 and chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 5 [CCL5]), inflammatory mediators (cyclooxygenase 2 [COX-2]), and matrix-degrading enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP] 1 and MMP3). Inhibition of NAMPT by the intracellular NAMPT (iNAMPT) inhibitor, FK866, or by the sirtuin inhibitor, nicotinamide, in PDL cells led to inhibition of the IL1β or Ad- Nampt–induced upregulation of catabolic factors, whereas treatment with recombinant NAMPT protein or blockade of extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT) with blocking antibody did not. Moreover, NAMPT inhibition by the intraperitoneal or intragingival injection of FK866 in CIA mice inhibited periodontal tissue damage, under conditions of RA. Thus, our results verified the co-occurrence of RA and periodontal inflammation using experimental mouse models of RA, suggesting that iNAMPT in PDL cells plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of RA-mediated periodontal inflammation by regulating the expression levels of catabolic genes, such as IL6, IL8, CCL5, COX-2, MMP1, and MMP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - G. Lee
- Bioimaging and Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y.H. Huh
- Bioimaging and Cell Logistics Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S.Y. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - K.H. Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - S. Kim
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - J. Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Song B, Zhou T, Yang WL, Liu J, Shao LQ. Programmed cell death in periodontitis: recent advances and future perspectives. Oral Dis 2016; 23:609-619. [PMID: 27576069 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent infectious disease, characterized by destruction of the periodontium, and is the main cause of tooth loss. Periodontitis is initiated by periodontal pathogens, while other risk factors including smoking, stress, and systemic diseases aggravate its progression. Periodontitis affects many people worldwide, but the molecular mechanisms by which pathogens and risk factors destroy the periodontium are unclear. Programmed cell death (PCD), different from necrosis, is an active cell death mediated by a cascade of gene expression events and can be mainly classified into apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. Although PCD is involved in many inflammatory diseases, its correlation with periodontitis is unclear. After reviewing the relevant published articles, we found that apoptosis has indeed been reported to play a role in periodontitis. However, the role of autophagy in periodontitis needs further verification. Additionally, implication of necroptosis or pyroptosis in periodontitis remains unknown. Therefore, we recommend future studies, which will unravel the pivotal role of PCD in periodontitis, allowing us to prevent, diagnose, and treat the disease, as well as predict its outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Song
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.,Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - W L Yang
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - J Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Q Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pasupuleti MK, Molahally SS, Salwaji S. Ethical guidelines, animal profile, various animal models used in periodontal research with alternatives and future perspectives. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:360-368. [PMID: 28298815 PMCID: PMC5341308 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.186931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory animal models serve as a facilitator to investigate the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease, are used to know the efficacy of reconstructive and regenerative procedures, and are also helpful in evaluation of newer therapeutic techniques including laser and implant therapies prior to application in the human beings. The aim of this review is to know the different animal models used in various specialties of dental research and to know the ethical guidelines prior to the usage of experimental models with main emphasis on how to refine, replace, and reduce the number of animal models usage in the laboratory. An online search for experimental animal models used in dental research was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed database. Publications from 2009 to May 2013 in the specialty of periodontics were included in writing this review. A total of 652 references were published in PubMed/MEDLINE databases based on the search terms used. Out of 245 studies, 241 were related to the periodontal research published in English from 2009 to 2013. Relevant papers were chosen according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After extensive electronic and hand search on animal models, it has been observed that various animal models were used in dental research. Search on animal models used for dental research purpose revealed that various animals such as rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbit, beagle dogs, goats, and nonhuman primates were extensively used. However, with the new advancement of ex vivo animal models, it has become easy to investigate disease pathogenesis and to test the efficacy of newer therapeutic modalities with the reduced usage of animal models. This review summarized the large amount of literature on animal models used in periodontal research with main emphasis on ethical guidelines and on reducing the animal model usage in future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar Pasupuleti
- Department of Periodontics, St. Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Supraja Salwaji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, St. Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Kim MH, Choi YY, Lee HJ, Lee H, Park JC, Yang WM. Topical application of herbal formula for the treatment of ligature-induced periodontitis. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2015; 45:145-51. [PMID: 26339524 PMCID: PMC4556800 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2015.45.4.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Kim
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Yeon Choi
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ji Lee
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haesu Lee
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Chul Park
- Department of Periodontology, Dankook University College of Dentistry, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, Kyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park JC, Kim BK, Jung IH, Choi E, Kim CS. Alveolar Bone Resorption Induced by CD4+CD45RB High-Density T-Cell Transfer in Immunocompromised Mice. J Periodontol 2014; 85:e339-47. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Association between periodontal disease and inflammatory arthritis reveals modulatory functions by melanocortin receptor type 3. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2333-41. [PMID: 24979595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because there is clinical evidence for an association between periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis, it is important to develop suitable experimental models to explore pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. The K/BxN serum model of inflammatory arthritis was applied using distinct protocols, and modulation of joint disruption afforded by dexamethasone and calcitonin was established in comparison to the melanocortin (MC) receptor agonist DTrp(8)-γ-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH; DTrp). Wild-type and MC receptor type 3 (MC3)-null mice of different ages were also used. There was significant association between severity of joint disease, induced with distinct protocols and volumes of the arthritogenic K/BxN serum, and periodontal bone damage. Therapeutic treatment with 10 μg dexamethasone, 30 ng elcatonin, and 20 μg DTrp per mouse revealed unique and distinctive pharmacological properties, with only DTrp protecting both joint and periodontal tissue. Further analyses in nonarthritic animals revealed higher susceptibility to periodontal bone loss in Mc3r(-/-) compared with wild-type mice, with significant exacerbation at 14 weeks of age. These data reveal novel protective properties of endogenous MC3 on periodontal status in health and disease and indicate that MC3 activation could lead to the development of a new genus of anti-arthritic bone-sparing therapeutics.
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Marchesan JT, Gerow EA, Schaff R, Taut AD, Shin SY, Sugai J, Brand D, Burberry A, Jorns J, Lundy SK, Nuñez G, Fox DA, Giannobile WV. Porphyromonas gingivalis oral infection exacerbates the development and severity of collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R186. [PMID: 24456966 PMCID: PMC3979094 DOI: 10.1186/ar4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical studies suggest a direct influence of periodontal disease (PD) on serum inflammatory markers and disease assessment of patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the influence of PD on arthritis development remains unclear. This investigation was undertaken to determine the contribution of chronic PD to immune activation and development of joint inflammation using the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. METHODS DBA1/J mice orally infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis were administered with collagen II (CII) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) to induce arthritis. Arthritis development was assessed by visual scoring of paw swelling, caliper measurement of the paws, mRNA expression, paw micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, histology, and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase for osteoclast detection (TRAP)-positive immunohistochemistry. Serum and reactivated splenocytes were evaluated for cytokine expression. RESULTS Mice induced for PD and/or arthritis developed periodontal disease, shown by decreased alveolar bone and alteration of mRNA expression in gingival tissues and submandibular lymph nodes compared to vehicle. P. gingivalis oral infection increased paw swelling and osteoclast numbers in mice immunized with CFA/CII. Arthritis incidence and severity were increased by P. gingivalis in mice that received IFA/CII immunizations. Increased synovitis, bone erosions, and osteoclast numbers in the paws were observed following IFA/CII immunizations in mice infected with P gingivalis. Furthermore, cytokine analysis showed a trend toward increased serum Th17/Th1 ratios when P. gingivalis infection was present in mice receiving either CFA/CII or IFA/CII immunizations. Significant cytokine increases induced by P. gingivalis oral infection were mostly associated to Th17-related cytokines of reactivated splenic cells, including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-22 in the CFA/CII group and IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, IL-6 and IL-23 in the IFA/CII group. CONCLUSIONS Chronic P. gingivalis oral infection prior to arthritis induction increases the immune system activation favoring Th17 cell responses, and ultimately accelerating arthritis development. These results suggest that chronic oral infection may influence RA development mainly through activation of Th17-related pathways.
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Periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis: the evidence accumulates for complex pathobiologic interactions. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2013; 25:345-53. [PMID: 23455329 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e32835fb8ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review was conducted to focus on the recent clinical and translational research related to the associations between periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis. RECENT FINDINGS There is a growing interest in the associations between oral health and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. A number of epidemiologic studies have described associations between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. Recent clinical studies continue to support these reports, and are increasingly linked with biological assessments to better understand the nature of these relationships. A number of recent studies have evaluated the periopathogenic roles of Porphyromonas gingivalis, the oral microbiome, and mechanisms of site-specific and substrate-specific citrullination. These are helping to further elucidate the interactions between these two inflammatory disease processes. SUMMARY Studies of clinical oral health parameters, the gingival microenvironment, autoantibodies and biomarkers, and rheumatoid arthritis disease activity measures are providing a better understanding of the potential mechanisms responsible for rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease associations. The cumulative results and ongoing studies have the promise to identify novel mechanisms and interventional strategies to improve patient outcomes for both conditions.
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Preventive and therapeutic anti-TNF-α therapy with pentoxifylline decreases arthritis and the associated periodontal co-morbidity in mice. Life Sci 2013; 93:423-8. [PMID: 23911669 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal disease (PD) has long been studied and some reports suggest that treating RA may improve the associated PD, and vice versa. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy with pentoxifylline (PTX) in an experimental model of RA-associated PD. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to chronic antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) and daily treated with PTX (50mg/kg, i.p.) using preventive (Pre-PTX) or therapeutic (The-PTX) strategies. Fourteen days after the antigen challenge, mice were euthanized and knee joints, maxillae and serum were collected for microscopic and/or immunoenzymatic analysis. KEY FINDINGS AIA triggered significant leukocyte recruitment to the synovial cavity, tissue damage and proteoglycan loss in the knee joint. Pre-PTX and The-PTX regimens decreased these signs of joint inflammation. The increased levels of TNF-α and IL-17 in periarticular tissues of AIA mice were also reduced by both PTX treatments. Serum levels of C-reactive protein, which were augmented after AIA, were reduced by the PTX regimens. Concomitantly to AIA, mice presented alveolar bone loss, and recruitment of osteoclasts and neutrophils to periodontal tissues. Pre-PTX and The-PTX prevented and treated these signs of PD. PTX treatment also decreased TNF-α and increased IL-10 expression in the maxillae of AIA mice, although it did not affect the expression of IFN-γ and IL-17. SIGNIFICANCE The current study shows the anti-inflammatory and bone protective effects of preventive and therapeutic PTX treatments, which decreased the joint damage triggered by AIA and the associated periodontal co-morbidity.
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Marchesan JT, Morelli T, Lundy SK, Jiao Y, Lim S, Inohara N, Nunez G, Fox DA, Giannobile WV. Divergence of the systemic immune response following oral infection with distinct strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Mol Oral Microbiol 2012; 27:483-95. [PMID: 23134613 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial oral infection characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting structures that can be linked to systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium implicated in the etiology of periodontitis, has shown variation in inducing T-cell responses among different strains. Therefore, in this study we investigated the strain-specific immune response using a murine experimental model of periodontitis. Periodontitis was induced by P. gingivalis strains A7A1-28, W83 and W50, and later confirmed by the presence of P. gingivalis in the oral microflora and by alveolar bone resorption. Splenocytes were evaluated for gene expression, cellular proteins and cytokine expression. Dendritic cells were stimulated in vitro for T helper cell-cytokine profiling. Results showed that P. gingivalis had the ability to alter the systemic immune response after bacterial exposure. Strains W50 and W83 were shown to induce alveolar bone loss, whereas the A7A1-28 strain did not significantly promote bone resorption in mice. Splenocytes derived from mice infected with strains W50 and W83 induced expression of high levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) but A7A1-28 stimulated increased IL-10. Stimulation of dendritic cells in vitro showed a similar pattern of cytokine expression of IL-12p40, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β among strains. A distinct systemic response in vivo was observed among different strains of P. gingivalis, with IL-10 associated with the least amount of alveolar bone loss. Evaluation of pathogen-driven systemic immune responses associated with periodontal disease pathogenesis may assist in defining how periodontitis may impact other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Marchesan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
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16
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Queiroz-Junior CM, Madeira MFM, Coelho FM, Oliveira CR, Cândido LCM, Garlet GP, Teixeira MM, Souza DDG, Silva TAD. Experimental arthritis exacerbates Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontitis in mice. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:608-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernanda Matos Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Minas Gerais; Brazil
| | | | - Luíza Castro Menezes Cândido
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Minas Gerais; Brazil
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences; School of Dentistry of Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Minas Gerais; Brazil
| | - Daniele da Glória Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Minas Gerais; Brazil
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17
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Park JC, Kim JC, Kim BK, Cho KS, Im GI, Kim BS, Kim CS. Dose- and time-dependent effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on the osteogenic and adipogenic potentials of alveolar bone-derived stromal cells. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:645-54. [PMID: 22471302 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is a well-known growth factor that can induce robust bone formation, and recent studies have shown that rhBMP-2-induced osteogenesis is closely related to adipogenesis. The aim of the present study was to determine the dose- and time-dependent effects of rhBMP-2 on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of human alveolar bone-derived stromal cells (hABCs) in vivo and in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS hABCs were isolated and cultured, and then transplanted using a carrier treated either with or without rhBMP-2 (100 μg/mL) into an ectopic subcutaneous mouse model. Comprehensive histologic and histometric analyses were performed after an 8-wk healing period. To further understand the dose-dependent (0, 10, 50, 200, 500 and 1000 ng/mL) and time-dependent (0, 3, 5, 7 and 14 d) effects of rhBMP-2 on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hABCs were evaluated, and the expression of related mRNAs, including those for alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 and lipoprotein lipase, were assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS rhBMP-2 significantly promoted the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of hABCs in vivo, and gradually increased both the osteogenic and adipogenic potential in a dose- and time-dependent manner with minimal deviation in vitro. The expression of osteogenesis- and adipogenesis-associated mRNAs were concomitantly up-regulated by rhBMP-2. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study showed that rhBMP-2 significantly enhanced the adipogenic as well as the osteogenic potential of hABCs in dose- and time-dependent manner. The control of adipogenic differentiation of hABCs should be considered when regenerating the alveolar bone using rhBMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Park
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Park JC, Kim JC, Kim YT, Choi SH, Cho KS, Im GI, Kim BS, Kim CS. Acquisition of human alveolar bone-derived stromal cells using minimally irrigated implant osteotomy: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:495-505. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chul Park
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Jane C. Kim
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Kyoo-Sung Cho
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopedics; Dongguk University International Hospital; Goyang; Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Bio-MAX Institute; Institute of Chemical Processes; Engineering Research Institute; Seoul National University; Seoul; Korea
| | - Chang-Sung Kim
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul; Korea
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19
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Farquharson D, Butcher JP, Culshaw S. Periodontitis, Porphyromonas, and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Mucosal Immunol 2012; 5:112-20. [PMID: 22274780 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2011.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate a link between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal disease (PD). In vitro and in vivo studies have sought to dissect potential mechanisms by which PD may contribute to initiation and progression of RA. However, these are both multifactorial, chronic diseases, and their complex etiologies and pathogenesis themselves remain incompletely understood. Could there really be an etiological link or does this simply represent a statistical coincidence muddied by common risk factors? This review seeks to provide background on these two diseases in the context of recent discoveries suggesting that their pathogenesis may be related. In particular, the process of citrullination, a post-translational protein modification, has been highlighted as a process common to both diseases. The evidence for a relationship between the diseases is explored and its potential mechanisms discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Farquharson
- Infection and Immunity Research Group, University of Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
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20
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Kim YT, Park JC, Choi SH, Cho KS, Im GI, Kim BS, Kim CS. The dynamic healing profile of human periodontal ligament stem cells: histological and immunohistochemical analysis using an ectopic transplantation model. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:514-24. [PMID: 22308979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01463.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) have been reported to play the pivotal role in periodontal regeneration. However, the dynamic cellular healing process initiated by hPDLSCs still remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the sequence of regeneration by hPDLSCs was assessed using histological and immunohistochemical observation in an ectopic transplantation model, which is a well-standardized assessment tool that excludes the innate healing factors from the animals. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human periodontal ligament stem cells that were isolated and characterized from teeth (n=12) extracted for the purpose of orthodontic treatment were transplanted with carriers into ectopic subcutaneous pouches in immunocompromised mice (n=20). Animals were killed after several different healing periods: 3 d (n=4), 1 (n=4), 2 (n=4), 4 (n=4) and 8 wk (n=4). Histological analysis for regenerated tissues formed by hPDLSCs was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and picrosirius red staining. In addition, immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the sequential expression of osteogenic/cementogenic and periodontal ligament tissue-specific markers associated with periodontal regeneration. RESULTS The whole healing process by transplanted hPDLSCs could be broadly divided into four distinctive phases. In the first phase, proliferated hPDLSCs migrated evenly all over the carrier, and collagenous tissues appeared in the form of amorphous collagen matrices. In the second phase, collagen fibers were well arranged among the carriers, and cementoid-like tissues were observed. In the third phase, the formation of mature collagen fibers, resembling Sharpey's fibers, was associated with active mineralization of cementum-like tissues, and in the fourth phase, the maturation of cementum-like tissues was observed on carrier surfaces. Various osteogenic/cementogenic markers related to the regeneration processes were expressed in a well-orchestrated time order. Interestingly, well-organized cementum-like and periodontal ligament fiber-like tissues and cells with early and late osteogenic/cementogenic markers were frequently observed in the secluded area of carrier surfaces. We termed this area the cell-rich zone. CONCLUSION The results from this study clearly demonstrated the sequential histological changes during periodontal tissue regeneration by hPDLSCs. Understanding of this process would potentially enable us to develop better cell-based treatment techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-T Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Queiroz-Junior CM, Madeira MFM, Coelho FM, Costa VV, Bessoni RLC, Sousa LFDC, Garlet GP, Souza DDGD, Teixeira MM, Silva TAD. Experimental arthritis triggers periodontal disease in mice: involvement of TNF-α and the oral Microbiota. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:3821-30. [PMID: 21890656 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal disease (PD) are prevalent chronic inflammatory disorders that affect bone structures. Individuals with RA are more likely to experience PD, but how disease in joints could induce PD remains unknown. This study aimed to experimentally mimic clinical parameters of RA-induced PD and to provide mechanistic findings to explain this association. Chronic Ag-induced arthritis (AIA) was triggered by injection of methylated BSA in the knee joint of immunized mice. Anti-TNF-α was used to assess the role of this cytokine. Intra-articular challenge induced infiltration of cells, synovial hyperplasia, bone resorption, proteoglycan loss, and increased expression of cytokines exclusively in challenged joints. Simultaneously, AIA resulted in severe alveolar bone loss, migration of osteoclasts, and release of proinflammatory cytokines in maxillae. Anti-TNF-α therapy prevented the development of both AIA and PD. AIA did not modify bacterial counts in the oral cavity. PD, but not AIA, induced by injection of Ag in immunized mice was decreased by local treatment with antiseptic, which decreased the oral microbiota. AIA was associated with an increase in serum C-reactive protein levels and the expression of the transcription factors RORγ and Foxp3 in cervical lymph nodes. There were higher titers of anti-collagen I IgG, and splenocytes were more responsive to collagen I in AIA mice. In conclusion, AIA-induced PD was dependent on TNF-α and the oral microbiota. Moreover, PD was associated with changes in expression of lymphocyte transcription factors, presence of anti-collagen Abs, and increased reactivity to autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Clínica, Patologia e Cirurgia Odontológicas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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22
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Cantley MD, Haynes DR, Marino V, Bartold PM. Pre-existing periodontitis exacerbates experimental arthritis in a mouse model. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38:532-41. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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