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Abouseta N, Gomaa N, Tassi A, Elzagallaai AA, Rieder MJ, Dixon SJ, Pani SC. Relationships among Cortisol, Perceived Stress, and Dental Caries Experience in Adolescents and Young Adults. Caries Res 2024; 58:421-430. [PMID: 38657570 DOI: 10.1159/000539041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stress can impact mental and physical health, especially during adolescence and young adulthood, but the extent of its contribution to dental caries is poorly understood. The present study assessed the association between perceived stress, cortisol levels (in hair and saliva), and overall caries experience of adolescents and young adults aged 15-25 years. METHODS Hair and saliva samples were obtained from 93 participants free of periodontal disease. Cortisol in hair and saliva was determined using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Participants completed a perceived stress questionnaire and underwent full-mouth oral examination by a calibrated examiner. Dental caries experience was based on the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Sociodemographic variables were also recorded. RESULTS There were significantly higher hair cortisol levels and perceived stress scale (PSS) scores in individuals with dental caries experience (DMFT≥1) than in those without (DMFT = 0). However, there was no significant difference in salivary cortisol concentration. A binary logistic regression revealed that higher hair cortisol levels and greater scores on the perceived stress scale were associated with increased odds of having experienced dental caries. In contrast, no significant association was found between salivary cortisol concentration and dental caries. Using multivariable regression models, caries experience was found to be significantly associated with both hair cortisol levels and PSS scores. These associations remained statistically significant even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. CONCLUSION Hair cortisol levels and perceived stress have a significant association with dental caries experience, whereas salivary cortisol concentrations do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Abouseta
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noha Gomaa
- Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Tassi
- Graduate Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdelbaset A Elzagallaai
- Drug Safety Lab, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Rieder
- Departments of Paediatrics, Physiology and Pharmacology, and Medicine, Schulich Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Jeffrey Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharat Chandra Pani
- Schulich Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Pediatric Dentistry, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Suzuki A, Tani Y, Anzai T, Isumi A, Doi S, Ogawa T, Moriyama K, Fujiwara T. Association between Short Stature at Grade 1 and Permanent Teeth Caries at Grade 6 in Elementary School Children in Japan: A Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:105. [PMID: 38248567 PMCID: PMC10815877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Short stature in children is a marker of low nutritional status and has been suggested to be associated with dental caries. However, longitudinal studies on this topic are scarce. Data from a longitudinal study of elementary school children in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, were analyzed. In 2015, caregivers of children at grade 1 answered questionnaires, and information on dental caries and height measured at school health checkups was merged and followed to grade 6 (N = 3576; follow up rate = 83.3%). The association between short stature at grade 1 (-2.01 standard deviation (SD)--3.00 SD, or <-3.00 SD in height-for-age according to the World Health Organization criteria) and the number of decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) at grade 6 was examined using multivariable Poisson regression with robust standard error. After adjusting for confounders, children with a short stature at grade 1 had a higher DMFT number at grade 6: the mean ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.17 (0.89-1.54) and 2.18 (1.03-4.64) for children with a height-for-age -2.01 SD--3.00 SD, and those with a height-for-age < -3.00, respectively. Short stature at grade 1 could be a marker of future dental caries in the permanent teeth at grade 6.
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Grants
- H27-Jyunkankito-ippan-002 Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare
- H29-Seisaku-Shitei-004 Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare
- 16H03276, 16K21669, 17J05974, 17K13245, 19K19310, 19K14029, 19K19309, 19K20109, 19K14172, 19J01614, 19H04879, 20K13945, and 21H04848 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (A.S.); (T.O.); (K.M.)
| | - Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
| | - Tatsuhiko Anzai
- Department of Biostatistics, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
| | - Aya Isumi
- Department of Health Policy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (A.I.); (S.D.)
| | - Satomi Doi
- Department of Health Policy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (A.I.); (S.D.)
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (A.S.); (T.O.); (K.M.)
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (A.S.); (T.O.); (K.M.)
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Sampaio FC, Bönecker M, Paiva SM, Arthur RA, Cohen-Carneiro F, Ditterich R, Pires FS, Wang L, Cavalcante LM, Gatti-Reis L, Spínola VB, Martignon S, Malheiros Z, Stewart B, Carcereri DL, Scavuzzi AI, Fontanella V. Consensus for teaching dental caries in the Portuguese Language at Brazilian dental schools. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e120. [PMID: 38055571 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to present a summary of the process of developing and preparing the final documents of the national consensus for teaching undergraduate Brazilian dental students the dental caries curriculum in the Portuguese language. The final document was developed in three steps: a) The ABENO and LAOHA cariology group invited experts from all five regions of Brazil to participate in the discussion. The theoretical support for crafting the first draft of the consensus was based on two publications: National Curriculum Guidelines of the Dentistry graduation in Brazil, Ministry of Education (2021) and the competences described in the European Core Curriculum for Cariology (ORCA-ADEE, 2011); b) The group of experts was divided into 5 working groups: G1-Domain, Main and Specific Competences, G2-Essential knowledge, G3-Life course perspective, G4-Social determinants and dental caries, G5- Glossary. The document was finalized by thoroughly reviewing the process using Delphi methodology; c) The 5-chapter document (one from each working group) was submitted to three open public consultations in 2022 (May-June, August, and October) using Google-forms. The suggestions (content/wording) were discussed within the group as: totally accepted, partially accepted, and rejected. A total of 192 suggestions were registered from 31 dental schools in all regions of Brazil. The number of suggestions received per Group were: 84, 28, 26, 24, 30 suggestions for G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively. The majority of suggestions were totally accepted by the group of experts (n = 172, 89.6%), 15 were partially accepted (7.8%), and 5 were rejected. Conclusion The final document could be considered to be the first national consensus for teaching the dental caries curriculum in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Correia Sampaio
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Department of Clinical and Community Dentistry , Health Science Center , Joao Pessoa , PB , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bönecker
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry , Department of Pediatric Dentistry , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry , Department of Pediatric Dentistry , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alex Arthur
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Dental School , Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Ditterich
- Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Department of Community Dentistry , Curitiba , PR , Brazil
| | - Fabiana Schneider Pires
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Dental School , Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Linda Wang
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Bauru, School of Dentistry , Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials , Bauru , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Luisa Gatti-Reis
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, School of Dentistry , Department of Pediatric Dentistry , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Vitoria Borges Spínola
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry , Department of Pediatric Dentistry , São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Stefania Martignon
- UNICA - Caries Research Unit, Research Department , Universidad El Bosque , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Zilson Malheiros
- Latin American Oral Health Association - LAOHA, São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Bernal Stewart
- Latin American Oral Health Association - LAOHA, São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | | | - Ana Isabel Scavuzzi
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana - UEFS, Feira de Santana , BA , Brazil
| | - Vania Fontanella
- ABENO, Brazilian Association of Dental Education , Florianópolis , Brazil
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Ruiz B, Broadbent JM, Thomson WM, Ramrakha S, Hong CL, Poulton R. Differential Unmet Needs and Experience of Restorative Dental Care in Trajectories of Dental Caries Experience: A Birth Cohort Study. Caries Res 2023; 57:524-535. [PMID: 37231938 DOI: 10.1159/000530378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic and cumulative disease but little has been reported on the continuity of the disease and its treatment through life. Group-based multi-trajectory modeling was used to identify developmental trajectories of untreated carious tooth surfaces (DS), restored tooth surfaces (FS), and teeth extracted due to caries (MT) from ages 9 to 45 years in a New Zealand longitudinal birth cohort, the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (n = 975). Associations between early-life risk factors and trajectory group membership were examined by specifying the probability of group membership according to a multinomial logit model. Six trajectory groups were identified and labeled: "low caries rate"; "moderate caries rate, maintained"; "moderate caries rate, unmaintained"; "high caries rate, restored"; "high caries rate, tooth loss"; and "high caries rate, untreated caries". The two moderate-caries-rate groups differed in count of FS. The three high-caries-rate groups differed in the relative proportion of accumulated DS, FS, and MT. Early childhood risk factors associated with less favorable trajectories included higher dmfs scores at age 5, lack of exposure to community water fluoridation during the first 5 years of life, lower childhood IQ, and low childhood socioeconomic status. Parent self-ratings of their own or their child's oral health as "poor" were associated with less favorable caries experience trajectories. Children who had clinical signs of dental caries together with a parent rating of child's oral health as poor were more likely to follow a less favorable caries trajectory. Higher deciduous dentition caries experience at age 5 years was associated with less favorable caries trajectories, as were children whose parents gave "poor" ratings of their own or their child's oral health. These findings highlight the considerable intergenerational continuity in dental caries experience from early childhood to midlife. Subjective measures of child oral health are informative and might aid as predictors of adult caries experience in cases where childhood dental clinical data were not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Ruiz
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan M Broadbent
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - W Murray Thomson
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sandhya Ramrakha
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Chuen Lin Hong
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Faulks D, Scambler S, Daly B, Jamieson L, Hennequin M, Tsakos G. Measuring oral health-How can the International Classification of Functioning help? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2023; 51:153-164. [PMID: 35112389 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for a theoretically informed, contextualized approach to measuring oral health from a multidisciplinary perspective that goes beyond the commonly used clinical indices and sociodental measures. This commentary aims to discuss the potential for the WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) to provide a model for the development of indicators for oral health. It is suggested that the ICF might provide both a theoretical model and an operational classification for indicators of oral health. The ICF model states that human experience of physical, cognitive and social functioning is universal and, thus, can be described and qualified. Human function is given social and environmental context within the model at both an individual and population level. The ICF can not only capture data regarding oral health and function at the physiological level (e.g. chewing) but also at the social level (e.g. sharing meals). It is able not only to capture aspects of preventive behaviour (e.g. caring for teeth) but also aspects of social facilitation (e.g. economic self-sufficiency) or ability to fulfil a social role (e.g. remunerative employment). It also includes aspects of social environment, such as healthcare services or political, economic and legal systems. Case studies are given as examples of the potential use of the ICF in the oral health domain. Examples are also given of the first steps that have been made towards operationalization of the ICF in data collection and oral health research. The challenges of encompassing such a comprehensive model into a practical oral health measure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Faulks
- Service d'Odontologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC) EA4847, Université Clermont Auvergne, UFR d'Odontologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sasha Scambler
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Tower Wing, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Blánaid Daly
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Dental Sciences and Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Martine Hennequin
- Service d'Odontologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC) EA4847, Université Clermont Auvergne, UFR d'Odontologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Georgios Tsakos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
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Dumitrescu R, Sava-Rosianu R, Jumanca D, Balean O, Damian LR, Fratila AD, Maricutoiu L, Hajdu AI, Focht R, Dumitrache MA, Daguci C, Postolache M, Vernic C, Galuscan A. The Impact of Parental Education on Schoolchildren's Oral Health-A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in Romania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191711102. [PMID: 36078817 PMCID: PMC9518154 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study is part of the first national oral health survey for children in Romania. The aim of this study was to determine caries prevalence in correlation with the level of the parents' education, preventive behavior, and socioeconomic parameters in 11-14-year-old schoolchildren in Romania. A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was designed and conducted in 2019-2020. The sampled children were selected from 49 schools distributed in rural and urban areas of Romania, including its capital. Data were collected using the Oral Health Questionnaire for Children developed by the World Health Organization and described in the WHO Oral Health Surveys-Basic Methods, 5th edition, 2013, after positive informed consent. To express prevalence and severity of carious lesions, International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria were recorded in school for 814 schoolchildren (388 boys and 426 girls) aged between 11 and 14 years old (mean age 12.29 ± 0.6). Elements regarding the specificity of the child (gender, age, and parental education) were tabulated against preventive behavior. The parents' education was correlated with three clinical indices in order to assess the existence or lack of certain significant differences among schoolchildren in Romania. In terms of correlation between the mother's education and preventive behavior, results showed a significant positive correlation in case of dental check-ups (rs = 0.08 *, p < 0.05), brushing (rs = 0.02 **, p < 0.01), and use of different types of dental hygiene aids (rs = 0.06 **, p < 0.01) and a negative correlation with tooth pain or discomfort (rs = -0.01 **, p < 0.01). A statistically significant positive relationship was highlighted between the mother's education and the presence of restorations (rs = -0.09 **, p < 0.01). Regarding the father's education, there was a positive relationship with oral hygiene behavior (rs = 0.18 **, p < 0.01) but a negative relationship with the D3T index (rs = -0.18 **, p < 0.01). In conclusion, there was a strong correlation between the parents' education, preventive behavior, and oral health status of Romanian schoolchildren.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Dumitrescu
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ruxandra Sava-Rosianu
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Jumanca
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Octavia Balean
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lia-Raluca Damian
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aurora Doris Fratila
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Goethestraße 70, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Laurentiu Maricutoiu
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timisoara, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Ioan Hajdu
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxanne Focht
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Adina Dumitrache
- Oral Health and Community Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Daguci
- Department of Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200585 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mariana Postolache
- Department of Program Implementation and Coordination, Romanian Ministry of Health, 010024 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina Vernic
- Discipline of Computer Science and Medical Biostatistics, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Atena Galuscan
- Translational and Experimental Clinical Research Centre in Oral Health, Department of Preventive, Community Dentistry and Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 300040 Timisoara, Romania
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Sullivan ZC, Van Eeden S, May J, Flannigan N, Seshu M, Dominguez-Gonzalez S. Identifying associations between dental arch relationship scores, relative deprivation and other cleft audit outcomes. Part 2. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 25:103-111. [PMID: 34056824 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identify associations between dental arch relationship scores, oral health status and deprivation index in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP). Ninety-two 5-year-old children with non-syndromic complete UCLP and thirty-nine 5-year-old children with non-syndromic complete BCLP from the United Kingdom. Data were collected from the 5-year audit outcomes submitted to the Cleft Registry and Audit Network (CRANE). The index of multiple deprivation (IMD) and Welsh index of deprivation were used to assess a relative measure of deprivation. Comparisons of 5-year-old index/BCLP Deciduous Dentition Yardstick outcome against IMD and dmft are performed using multivariable linear regression models. Both UCLP and BCLP had a high percentage of children with dmft >0 (47% and 49%, respectively). The mean dmft for the UCLP cohort was 2.8 and 2.6 for the BCLP cohort. In the UCLP group, a poorer 5-year-old index was associated with an increased dmft score (P = .023) and higher level of deprivation (P = .010). In the BCLP group, there was no significant associations between BCLP Deciduous Dentition Yardstick, dmft and IMD. A poorer dental arch relationship outcome may be associated with higher level of area deprivation and oral health status, in children with UCLP. Those with a poor outcome for the 5-year-old Index are more likely to have increased caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna May
- Alder Hey Hospital Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Norah Flannigan
- Orthodontic department, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Madhavi Seshu
- Alder Hey Hospital Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Emmanuelli B, Knorst JK, Menegazzo GR, Mendes FM, Ardenghi TM. The Impact of Early Childhood Factors on Dental Caries Incidence in First Permanent Molars: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study. Caries Res 2021; 55:167-173. [PMID: 33789289 DOI: 10.1159/000515083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of dental caries in first permanent molars has been extensively investigated. However, studies are inconclusive in determining the influence of contextual and individual factors on dental caries incidence in this group of teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of contextual and individual factors on dental caries incidence in first permanent molars. This 7-year cohort study was conducted with children (1-5 years of age) who had been assessed initially in a survey performed in 2010. Dental caries was assessed at the baseline through the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Contextual and individual variables were collected at baseline and included the presence of cultural community centers in the neighborhood as well as demographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and biological characteristics. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to investigate the influence of individual and contextual characteristics on dental caries incidence in first permanent molars (relative risk [RR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Of the 639 children examined at baseline, a total of 449 were reassessed after 7 years (70.3% retention rate). Children who lived in neighborhoods with cultural community centers had a lower risk of dental caries in first permanent molars at the follow-up (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.62-0.99). Children from families with a low income (RR 1.34; 95% CI 1.03-1.76) and poor parental perception of children's oral health (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18-2.06) were associated with a higher risk of dental caries in first molars. In conclusion, individual and contextual determinants showed an important role in the incidence of caries in first permanent molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Emmanuelli
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Fausto Medeiros Mendes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Singh S, Vijayakumar N. Height and dental caries among 13-year-old adolescents in India: A sociobehavioral life course approach. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.294330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Tomazoni F, Vettore MV, Mendes FM, Ardenghi TM. The Association between Sense of Coherence and Dental Caries in Low Social Status Schoolchildren. Caries Res 2018; 53:314-321. [PMID: 30359970 DOI: 10.1159/000493537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between dental caries and sense of coherence (SOC) has not been substantiated in children and adolescents, particularly among those with a low socioeconomic status. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SOC and dental caries in schoolchildren from a low socioeconomic background. A random sample of 356 8- to 14-year-old schoolchildren enrolled in public schools from the poorest region of Santa Maria, a southern city in Brazil, was selected. Dental examinations were performed to assess dental plaque and dental caries (DMF-S and dmf-s indexes). The children's SOC was assessed using a validated Brazilian version of the SOC-13 scale. Socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral data were collected from parents using a questionnaire. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was used following a hierarchical approach to investigate the association between the SOC and DMF-T + dmf-t mean. Children whose mothers had studied for 8 years or less (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.08-1.57) and children with dental plaque (RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.06-1.58) presented with higher DMF-T scores than their counterparts (p < 0.05). A higher household income (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.51-0.84) and greater SOC scores (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56-0.90) were associated with lower DMF-T in children (p < 0.05). Children's SOC seems to be a relevant protective psychosocial factor for dental caries experience in socially vulnerable children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Tomazoni
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Mario Vianna Vettore
- Academic Unit of Oral Health, Dentistry and Society, School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fausto Medeiros Mendes
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil,
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11
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Peres MA, Liu P, Demarco FF, Silva AER, Wehrmeister FC, Menezes AM, Peres KG. Income trajectories affect treatment of dental caries from childhood to young adulthood: a birth cohort study. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e36. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flavio Fernando Demarco
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Brazil
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12
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López R, Smith PC, Göstemeyer G, Schwendicke F. Ageing, dental caries and periodontal diseases. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44 Suppl 18:S145-S152. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo López
- Section of Periodontology; Department of Dentistry and Oral Health; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Patricio C Smith
- Dentistry Academic Unit; Faculty of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Gerd Göstemeyer
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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13
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Chaffee BW, Featherstone JDB, Gansky SA, Cheng J, Zhan L. Caries Risk Assessment Item Importance: Risk Designation and Caries Status in Children under Age 6. JDR Clin Trans Res 2016; 1:131-142. [PMID: 27403458 DOI: 10.1177/2380084416648932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries risk assessment (CRA) is widely recommended for dental caries management. Little is known regarding how practitioners use individual CRA items to determine risk and which individual items independently predict clinical outcomes in children under age 6-years. OBJECTIVES Assess the relative importance of pediatric CRA items in dental providers' decision-making regarding patient risk and in association with clinically evident caries, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. METHODS CRA information was abstracted retrospectively from electronic patient records of children initially ages 6-72 months at a university pediatric dentistry clinic (N=3810 baseline; N=1315 with follow-up). The 17-item CRA form included caries risk indicators, caries protective items, and clinical indicators. Conditional random forests classification trees were implemented to identify and assign variable importance to CRA items independently associated with baseline high-risk designation, baseline evident tooth decay, and follow-up evident decay. RESULTS Thirteen individual CRA items, including all clinical indicators and all but one risk indicator, were independently and statistically significantly associated with student/resident providers' caries-risk designation. Provider-assigned baseline risk category was strongly associated with follow-up decay, which increased from low (20.4%), moderate (30.6%), to high/extreme risk patients (68.7%). Of baseline CRA items, before adjustment 12 were associated with baseline decay and 7 with decay at follow-up; however, in the conditional random forests models, only the clinical indicators (evident decay, dental plaque, and recent restoration placement) and one risk indicator (frequent snacking) were independently and statistically significantly associated with future disease, for which baseline evident decay was the strongest predictor. CONCLUSIONS In this predominantly high-risk population under caries-preventive care, more individual CRA items were independently associated with providers' risk determination than with future caries status. These university dental providers considered many items in decision-making regarding patient risk, suggesting that in turn, these comprehensive CRA forms could also aid individualized care, linking risk assessment to disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Chaffee
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, 3333 California St. Suite 495 Box 1361, San Francisco, CA 94143,
| | | | | | | | - Ling Zhan
- University of California San Francisco,
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14
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Kumar S, Tadakamadla J, Kroon J, Johnson NW. Impact of parent-related factors on dental caries in the permanent dentition of 6-12-year-old children: A systematic review. J Dent 2015; 46:1-11. [PMID: 26747024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise data from the literature on the effects of various parent-related characteristics (socio-demographic, behavioural and family environment) on dental caries in the permanent dentition of children. DATA Available studies in which the effects of parent-related characteristics on dental caries experience in the permanent dentition of children aged 6-12 years were evaluated. SOURCES PubMed, Medline via OVID and CINAHL Plus via EBSCO, restricted to scientific articles, were searched in April 2015. English language and time filters (articles published from 2000) were used. STUDY SELECTION A total of 4162 titles were retrieved, of which 2578 remained after duplicates were removed. After review of titles and their abstracts by two independent reviewers, 114 articles were considered relevant for full text review. Of these, 48 were considered for final inclusion. Data extraction was performed by two authors using piloted data extraction sheets. CONCLUSIONS Most of the literature on determinants of dental caries has been limited to socio-economic and behavioural aspects: we found few studies evaluating the effects of family environment and parental oral hygiene behaviour. Children belonging to lower socio-economic classes experienced more caries. In more than half the studies, children of highly educated, professional and high income parents were at lower risk for dental caries. There were conflicting results from studies on the effect of variables related to family environment, parents' oral hygiene behaviour and parent's disease status on dental caries in their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar
- Population and Social Health Research Programme, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jyothi Tadakamadla
- Population and Social Health Research Programme, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeroen Kroon
- Population and Social Health Research Programme, Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Newell W Johnson
- Dental Research, Population and Social Health Research Programme, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Fernández MR, Goettems ML, Ardenghi TM, Demarco FF, Correa MB. The Role of School Social Environment on Dental Caries Experience in 8- to 12-Year-Old Brazilian Children: A Multilevel Analysis. Caries Res 2015; 49:548-56. [DOI: 10.1159/000438832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Although children spend most of their time involved in activities related to school, few studies have focused on the association between school social environment and oral health. This cross-sectional study assessed individual and school-related social environment correlates of dental caries in Brazilian schoolchildren aged 8-12 years. Methods: A sample of children from 20 private and public schools (n = 1,211) was selected. Socio-economic data were collected from parents, and data regarding children characteristics were collected from children using a questionnaire. Dental examinations were performed to assess the presence of dental plaque: dental caries experience (DMFT ≥1) and dental caries severity (mean dmf-t/DMF-T). The social school environment was assessed by a questionnaire administered to school coordinators. Multilevel Poisson regression was used to investigate the association between school social environment and dental caries prevalence and experience. Results: The dental caries prevalence was 32.4% (95% confidence interval: 29.7-35.2) and the mean dmf-t/DMF-T was 1.84 (standard deviation: 2.2). Multilevel models showed that the mean dmf-t/DMF-T and DMFT ≥1 were associated with lower maternal schooling and higher levels of dental plaque. For contextual variables, schools offering after-hours sports activities were associated with a lower prevalence of dental caries and a lower mean of dmf-t/DMF-T, while the occurrence of violence and theft episodes was positively associated with dental caries. Conclusions: The school social environment has an influence on dental caries in children. The results suggest that strategies focused on the promotion of healthier environments should be stimulated to reduce inequalities in dental caries.
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16
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Abreu LG, Elyasi M, Badri P, Paiva SM, Flores-Mir C, Amin M. Factors associated with the development of dental caries in children and adolescents in studies employing the life course approach: a systematic review. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:305-311. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G. Abreu
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Maryam Elyasi
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Parvaneh Badri
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Saul M. Paiva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | | | - Maryam Amin
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
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17
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Vargas-Ferreira F, Salas M, Nascimento G, Tarquinio S, Faggion C, Peres M, Thomson W, Demarco F. Association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2015; 43:619-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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18
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Li LW, Wong HM, Peng SM, McGrath CP. Anthropometric measurements and dental caries in children: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Adv Nutr 2015; 6:52-63. [PMID: 25593143 PMCID: PMC4288280 DOI: 10.3945/an.114.006395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries in childhood over time (life-course studies). The aim of this review was to identify and systematically review the evidence of the association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries in childhood over time. PubMed, Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge, the Cochrane Library, and 6 other databases were searched to identify effective articles. A systematic approach involving critical appraisal was conducted to examine the relation between anthropometric measurements and dental caries in preschool- and school-aged populations from longitudinal studies. An initial search identified 1338 studies, with 59 potentially effective studies (κ = 0.82) and 17 effective studies (κ = 0.88). The quality of reporting among the studies ranged from 19.5 to 30.0 according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria. Among the effective studies, 2 studies in which caries was used to predict anthropometric measurements consistently found an inverse association and 15 studies in which anthropometric measurements were used to predict caries were inconsistent, with results appearing to be influenced by nonuniformity of assessments, setting, and procedure of measurements; age and ethnicity of participants; and confounders of dental caries. In conclusion, among >1000 studies identified, 17 informed this systematic review. The quality of reporting of these studies varied considerably. Evidence of the association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries is conflicting and remains inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colman P McGrath
- Periodontology and Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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19
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Oral Health Over the Life Course. A LIFE COURSE PERSPECTIVE ON HEALTH TRAJECTORIES AND TRANSITIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20484-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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20
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Schwendicke F, Paris S, Stolpe M. Cost-effectiveness of caries excavations in different risk groups - a micro-simulation study. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:153. [PMID: 25511906 PMCID: PMC4279684 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst being the most prevalent disease worldwide, dental caries is increasingly concentrated in high-risk populations. New caries treatments should therefore be evaluated not only in terms of their cost-effectiveness in individuals, but also their effects on the distribution of costs and benefits across different populations. To treat deep caries, there are currently three strategies: selective (one-step incomplete), stepwise (two-step incomplete) and complete excavation. Building on prior research that found selective excavation generally cost-effective, we compared the costs-effectiveness of different excavations in low- and high-risk patients, hypothesizing that selective excavation had greater cost-effectiveness-advantages in patients with high compared with low risk. METHODS An average tooth-level Markov-model was constructed following the posterior teeth in an initially 18-year old male individual, either with low or high risk, over his lifetime. Risk was assumed to be predicted by several parameters (oral hygiene, social position, dental service utilization), with evidence-based transition probabilities or hazard functions being adjusted for different risk status where applicable. Total lifetime treatment costs were estimated for German healthcare, with both mixed public-private and only private out-of-pocket costs being calculated. For cost-effectiveness-analysis, micro-simulations were performed and joint parameter uncertainty introduced by random sampling of probabilities. Cohort analyses were used for assessing the underlying reasons for potential differences between strategies and populations. RESULTS Selective excavation was more effective and less costly than both alternatives regardless of an individual's risk. All three strategies were less effective and more costly in patients with high compared with low risk, whilst the differences between risk groups were smallest for selective excavation. Thus, the cost-effectiveness-advantages of selective excavation were more pronounced in high-risk groups, who also benefitted the most from reduced private out-of-pocket treatment costs. CONCLUSIONS Whilst caries excavation does not tackle the underlying sources for both the development of caries lesions and the potential differences of individuals' risk status, selective excavation seems most suitable to treat deep lesions, especially in patients with high risk, who over-proportionally benefit from the resulting health-gains and cost-savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str, 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Association between developmental defects of enamel and dental caries in schoolchildren. J Dent 2014; 42:540-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Oliveira LJCD, Correa MB, Nascimento GG, Goettems ML, Tarquíni SBC, Torriani DD, Demarco FF. [Inequalities in oral health: are schoolchildren receiving the Bolsa Família more vulnerable?]. Rev Saude Publica 2014; 47:1039-47. [PMID: 24626542 PMCID: PMC4206098 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2013047004688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between being a recipient of the Bolsa
Família program and oral health conditions in Brazilian
schoolchildren. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,107 schoolchildren aged between
eight and 12 years from 20 public and private schools in Pelotas, RS,
Southern Brazil. A list of all children receiving the Bolsa
Família program was provided by the participant schools.
Demographic, socioeconomic and oral hygiene information were assessed using
a questionnaire completed by the schoolchildren and their parents. Dental
exams were performed to assess the presence of dental plaque and prevalence
of dental caries. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, Chi-square test for
linear trend and multivariate Poisson Regression (prevalence ratio; 95%
confidence interval). RESULTS Schoolchildren from non-nuclear families, with a DMFT ≥ 1 and who had never
visited a dentist were associated with receiving the Bolsa
Família. Final model showed that caries prevalence was twice as
high (PR 2.00; 95%CI 1.47;2.69) in schoolchildren benefiting from the
Bolsa Família . It was also showed that schoolchildren
benefiting from the program presented greater severity of dental caries
compared to school children from private schools (RR 1.53; 95%CI 1.18;2.00).
After final adjustments, the prevalence of schoolchildren who have never
visited a dentist was six times higher in children who received the
government benefit (PR 6.18; 95%CI 3.07;12.45) compared to those from
private schools. CONCLUSIONS Schoolchildren benefiting from the Bolsa Família program
experienced more caries lesions and have less frequently accessed dental
care services, which suggest the need to include oral health in the
program.
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Peres KG, Peres MA, Demarco FF, Gigante DP, Horta BL, Menezes AMB, Hallal PC, Matijasevich A, Santos IS, Barros AJD. A saúde bucal nas coortes de nascimentos de Pelotas, RS, Brasil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2014; 17:281-4. [DOI: 10.1590/1415-790x201400010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Glazer Peres
- The University of Adelaide, Australia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brasil
| | - Marco Aurélio Peres
- The University of Adelaide, Australia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil
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Mejàre I, Axelsson S, Dahlén G, Espelid I, Norlund A, Tranæus S, Twetman S. Caries risk assessment. A systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:81-91. [PMID: 23998481 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.822548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of multivariate models and single factors to correctly identify future caries development in pre-school children and schoolchildren/adolescents. STUDY DESIGN A systematic literature search for relevant papers was conducted with pre-determined inclusion criteria. Abstracts and full-text articles were assessed independently by two reviewers. The quality of studies was graded according to the QUADAS tool. The quality of evidence of models and single predictors was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS Ninety original articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Seven studies had high quality, 35 moderate and the rest poor quality. The accuracy of multivariate models was higher for pre-school children than for schoolchildren/adolescents. However, the models had seldom been validated in independent populations, making their accuracy uncertain. Of the single predictors, baseline caries experience had moderate/good accuracy in pre-school children and limited accuracy in schoolchildren/adolescents. The period of highest risk for caries incidence in permanent teeth was the first few years after tooth eruption. In general, the quality of evidence was limited. CONCLUSIONS Multivariate models and baseline caries prevalence performed better in pre-school children than in schoolchildren/adolescents. Baseline caries prevalence was the most accurate single predictor in all age groups. The heterogeneity of populations, models, outcome criteria, measures and reporting hampered the synthesis of results. There is a great need to standardize study design, outcome measures and reporting of data in studies on caries risk assessment. The accuracy of prediction models should be validated in at least one independent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mejàre
- Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment , Stockholm , Sweden
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25
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Boing AF, Bastos JL, Peres KG, Antunes JLF, Peres MA. Social determinants of health and dental caries in Brazil: a systematic review of the literature between 1999 and 2010. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EPIDEMIOLOGIA 2014; 17 Suppl 2:102-15. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-4503201400060009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To review epidemiological studies conducted in Brazil that investigated the distribution of dental caries according to socioeconomic status and demographic characteristics. METHODS: The systematic review included articles published between 1999 and 2010 available in six bibliographic sources, without any other restriction. We analyzed the bibliometric and methodological characteristics of the studies, and the direction and statistical significance of associations tested. RESULTS: Of the 1,128 references identified, 67 were incorporated into this study. There was a higher percentage of publications in the last two years and most of the studies were conducted in the South and Southeast of the country with a young population. The cross-sectional design, using a complex sampling procedure, was the most commonly adopted. The DMFT and dmft indexes were the most commonly used to measure dental caries, while sex/gender, income, education, race/skin color and type of school were the most common socioeconomic exposures. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies identified a high rates of dental caries among the poorest, least educated, black and brown and female individuals. A more detailed methodological and theoretically sound study of the relationship between dental caries and socioeconomic conditions is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Glazer Peres
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Peres
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; The University of Adelaide, Australia
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26
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Nascimento GG, Seerig LM, Vargas-Ferreira F, Correa FOB, Leite FRM, Demarco FF. Are obesity and overweight associated with gingivitis occurrence in Brazilian schoolchildren? J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:1072-8. [PMID: 24118092 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the relationship between weight status and gingival inflammation in Brazilian schoolchildren aged 8- to 12-year old, when controlling for potential confounders. METHODS Overall, 1211 children aged 8- to 12-year old from public and private schools in Southern Brazil were selected by a two-stage cluster method. Questionnaires were used to assess socio-demographic data and oral hygiene habits. Oral examination evaluated presence of plaque and gingival bleeding. Anthropometric measures were collected to obtain body mass index. Multivariate Poisson regression was used for data analysis (Prevalence Ratio/95% Confidence Interval). RESULTS Prevalence of gingivitis was 44.0%. Mean and median values of gingival bleeding sites were 3.10 and 2.0 respectively. Obese/overweight children totalized 34.6%. In multivariate adjusted analysis, sex (PR 0.86; 95%CI 0.75;0.98), maternal schooling (PR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01;1.18), plaque (PR 1.37; 95% CI 1.26;1.50), dental caries experience (PR 1.16; 95% CI 1.01;1.36) and bleeding during tooth brushing (PR 1.27; 95% CI 1.11;1.48) were associated with the outcome. In the sex-stratified analysis, overweight/obese boys presented a greater risk for gingivitis (PR 1.22 95% CI 1.01;1.48). CONCLUSIONS Gingivitis was not associated with obesity/overweight in the total sample. Gender differences seem to influence the relationship between gingivitis and obesity/overweight; a stronger association was noted among boys than girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo G Nascimento
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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27
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Celeste RK, Gonçalves LG, Faerstein E, Bastos JL. The role of potential mediators in racial inequalities in tooth loss: the Pró-Saúde study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2013; 41:509-16. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Keller Celeste
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Letícia Gomes Gonçalves
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Eduardo Faerstein
- Department of Epidemiology; Institute of Social Medicine; State University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - João Luiz Bastos
- Department of Public Health; Health Sciences Centre; Federal University of Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brazil
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28
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Delgado-Angulo EK, Hobdell MH, Bernabé E. Childhood stunting and caries increment in permanent teeth: a three and a half year longitudinal study in Peru. Int J Paediatr Dent 2013; 23:101-9. [PMID: 22348529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2012.01229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition has been consistently associated with caries in primary teeth, although an effect on permanent teeth has not been established because of the few longitudinal studies. AIM To explore the association between stunting and caries increment in permanent teeth over 3.5 years. DESIGN In 2003, 121 children aged 7-9 years were randomly selected from nine underserved communities in Lima (Peru). Parents provided demographic information and a food diary for their children. Clinical examinations included assessments of height, weight, oral hygiene, and dental caries. Stunting was defined using the 2000 CDC and 2007 WHO standards. In 2006, 83 children were re-examined, and the 3.5-year net DMFS increment was calculated. The association between stunting and net DMFS increment was assessed using negative binomial regression. RESULTS Stunting was related to net DMFS increment after adjustment for sex and age, oral hygiene, sugary snacks between meals, and caries experience in primary and permanent teeth. Consistent results were found when using either the 2000 CDC (incidence rate ratio: 1.61; 95%CI: 1.07, 2.44) or 2007 WHO standards (IRR: 1.79; 95%CI: 1.28, 2.51). CONCLUSION Stunting was a significant risk factor for caries increment in permanent teeth over a 3.5-year period, independent of other well-known risk factors for caries development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa K Delgado-Angulo
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Masood M, Yusof N, Hassan MIA, Jaafar N. Assessment of dental caries predictors in 6-year-old school children - results from 5-year retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:989. [PMID: 23158416 PMCID: PMC3524020 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This was a retrospective cohort study undertaken to assess the rate and pattern of dental caries development in 6-year-old school children followed-up for a period of 5 years, and to identify baseline risk factors that were associated with 5 years caries experience in Malaysian children. Methods This 5-years retrospective cohort study comprised primary school children initially aged 6 years in 2004. Caries experience of each child was recorded annually using World Health Organization criteria. The rates of dental caries were recorded in prevalence and incidence density of carious lesions from baseline to final examination. Risk assessment was done to assess relative risk for caries after 5 years in children with baseline caries status. Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to identify significant independent risk factors for caries. Results The sample consisted of 1830 school children. All components of DMFT showed significant differences between baseline and final examination. Filled teeth (FT) component of the DMFT showed the greatest increases. Results revealed the initial baseline caries level in permanent dentition was a strong predictor for future caries after 5 years (RR=3.78, 95% CI=3.48-4.10, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed significant association between caries occurrence and residence (urban/rural) (OR=1.80, P<0.001). However, it was not significantly associated with gender and ethnicity. The incidence density of caries, affected persons (IDp) observed from baseline and after 5 years was 5.80 persons/100 person-year of observation. The rate of new caries-affected tooth (IDt) in the period from baseline and after 5-years was 0.76 teeth/100 teeth-year of observation. Conclusion The majority of 12-year-old school children (70%) were caries-free and most of the caries were concentrated in only a small proportion (30%) of them. We found that the presence of caries in permanent teeth at the age of 6 years was a strong predictor of future caries development in this population. The strong evidence of early permanent teeth caries at six years old to predict future caries incidence at 12-year-olds, which could be obtained at almost no cost, questions the need for and cost-effectiveness of expensive technology-based commercial caries predictions kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Masood
- Centre of Studies for Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
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Tellez M, Gomez J, Pretty I, Ellwood R, Ismail AI. Evidence on existing caries risk assessment systems: are they predictive of future caries? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 41:67-78. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Tellez
- Maurice H Kornberg School of Dentistry; Temple University; Philadelphia; PA; USA
| | | | - I Pretty
- Colgate Palmolive Dental Health Unit; School of Dentistry, University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre; Manchester; UK
| | - R Ellwood
- Colgate Palmolive Dental Health Unit; School of Dentistry, University of Manchester; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre; Manchester; UK
| | - AI Ismail
- Maurice H Kornberg School of Dentistry; Temple University; Philadelphia; PA; USA
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Masood M, Yusof N, Hassan MIA, Jaafar N. Longitudinal study of dental caries increment in Malaysian school children: a 5-year cohort study. Asia Pac J Public Health 2012; 26:260-7. [PMID: 22218936 DOI: 10.1177/1010539511420704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this 5-year longitudinal cohort study was to assess the prevalence, severity, and trends in caries increment and impact of the School Dental Incremental Care Programme (SDICP). Data were gathered from school dental records as part of the SDICP. A sample of 1830 children were included and checked for caries experience annually using World Health Organization criteria. In total, 95.4% of the children were caries free in 2004, and caries experience declined to 70.5% in 2009 with an average of 4.9% annually. At baseline, the mean DMFT (confidence interval [CI]) was 0.06 (0.05-0.08) and increased to 0.58 (0.53-0.63) in 2009. Children with active caries were 4.4% in 2004, and figures rose to 9.6% in 2009. The FT component increased most rapidly during these 5 years from 0.2% to 25.1%. Overall caries prevalence and increment was low in this study. Proportions of FT component were higher as compared with DT component with low rate of extractions during the latter years of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Masood
- Faculty of Dentsitry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor DArul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Norashikin Yusof
- Faculty of Dentsitry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor DArul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed I A Hassan
- Faculty of Dentsitry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor DArul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Bernabé E, Delgado-Angulo E, Murasko J, Marcenes W. Family Income and Tooth Decay in US Children: Does the Association Change with Age. Caries Res 2012; 46:221-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000337389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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McMahon AD, Blair Y, McCall DR, Macpherson LMD. Reductions in dental decay in 3-year old children in Greater Glasgow and Clyde: repeated population inspection studies over four years. BMC Oral Health 2011; 11:29. [PMID: 22035133 PMCID: PMC3209436 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental decay remains one of the world's most prevalent diseases in childhood. It is unfortunate that the proportion of children suffering from oral disease is so high, given that dental decay is almost entirely preventable. The objective of this study was to examine dental inspection data from three-year old children to assess the extent to which the dental health in Greater Glasgow and Clyde had improved during the initial years of the Childsmile intervention programme. METHODS Dental inspections of three-year old children in Greater Glasgow and Clyde were undertaken in the academic years of 2006/7 and 2007/8 (the baseline years), and again in 2008/9 and 2009/10 (after the intervention had begun). A standardised protocol suitable for the age group was used. The number of decayed, missing and filled teeth was calculated (ie d3mft). If d3mft was > 0 then a child was said to have 'obvious decay experience' into the dentine. Additional results examined the effect of socioeconomic status using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD). RESULTS We inspected 10022 children (19% of the population). The weighted percentage of children with decay experience was 26% in 2006/7, 25% (2007/8), reducing to 18% (2007/8) and 17% (2009/10). When compared to the first baseline year of 2006/7, the OR was 0.91 for 2007/8 (0.79-1.06, p = 0.221), 0.63 for 2008/9 (0.55-0.72, p < 0.001), and 0.50 for 2009/10 (0.43-0.58, p < 0.001). The weighted mean d3mft was 1.1 in 2006/7, 1.0 in 2007/8 (p = 0.869), 0.6 in 2008/9 (p < 0.001) and 0.4 in 2009/10 (p < 0.001). Reductions in decay were seen in all socioeconomic groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that it is possible to impact upon the prevalence and morbidity of dental decay across the socioeconomic spectrum in a population. The dental health of young children in the Greater Glasgow and Clyde area has improved in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D McMahon
- Community Oral Health, Level 8, University of Glasgow Dental School, 378 Sauchiehall St, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Yvonne Blair
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Oral Health Directorate, 120 Cornwall St South, Glasgow, G41 4AH, Scotland, UK
| | - David R McCall
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Oral Health Directorate, 120 Cornwall St South, Glasgow, G41 4AH, Scotland, UK
| | - Lorna MD Macpherson
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Oral Health Directorate, 120 Cornwall St South, Glasgow, G41 4AH, Scotland, UK
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Lu HX, Wong MCM, Lo ECM, McGrath C. Trends in oral health from childhood to early adulthood: a life course approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39:352-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2011.00611.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Peres MA, Peres KG, Thomson WM, Broadbent JM, Gigante DP, Horta BL. The influence of family income trajectories from birth to adulthood on adult oral health: findings from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort. Am J Public Health 2010; 101:730-6. [PMID: 20558788 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2009.184044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed whether 3 models of life course socioeconomic status (critical period, accumulation of risk, and social mobility) predicted unsound teeth in adulthood among a Brazilian cohort. METHODS Life course data were collected on the 5914 live-born infants in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort study. Participants' oral health was assessed at 15 (n = 888) and 24 (n = 720) years of age. We assessed family income trajectories and number of episodes of poverty in the life course through Poisson regressions, yielding unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios for number of unsound teeth at age 24 years. RESULTS The adjusted prevalence ratio for participants born into poverty was 30% higher than for those who were not. Participants who were always poor had the highest prevalence of unsound teeth; those who were downwardly or upwardly mobile also had more unsound teeth than did other participants, after adjustment for confounders. More episodes of poverty were associated with greater prevalence of unsound teeth in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Poverty at birth and during the life course was correlated with the number of unsound teeth at 24 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Peres
- Oral Epidemiology and Public Health Dentistry Research Group, Department of Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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