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Zhang Y, Gao C, Luo J, Khan A, Salem‐Bekhit MM, Salem MM, Qi Z, Jiang B. Deciphering the role of wound healing genes in skin cutaneous melanoma: Insights into expression, methylation, mutations, and therapeutic implications. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14807. [PMID: 38591163 PMCID: PMC11002634 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM) is a form of cancer that originates in the pigment-producing cells, known as melanocytes, of the skin. Delay wound healing is often correlated with the occurrence of and progression of SKCM. In this comprehensive study, we investigated the intricate roles of two important wound healing genes in SKCM, including Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9). Through a multi-faceted approach, we collected clinical samples, conducted molecular experiments, including RT-qPCR, bisulphite sequencing, cell culture, cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, and wound healing assays. Beside this, we also used various other databases/tools/approaches for additional analysis including, UALCAN, GEPIA, HPA, MEXPRESS, cBioPortal, KM plotter, DrugBank, and molecular docking. Our results revealed a significant up-regulation of MMP2 and MMP9 in SKCM tissues compared to normal counterparts. Moreover, promoter methylation analysis suggested an epigenetic regulatory mechanism. Validations using TCGA datasets and immunohistochemistry emphasized the clinical relevance of MMP2 and MMP9 dysregulation. Functional assays demonstrated their synergistic impact on proliferation and migration in SKCM cells. Furthermore, we identified potential therapeutic candidates, Estradiol and Calcitriol, through drug prediction and molecular docking analyses. These compounds exhibited binding affinities, suggesting their potential as MMP2/MMP9 inhibitors. Overall, our study elucidates the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of MMP2 and MMP9 in SKCM, shedding light on their complex interplay in SKCM occurrence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Cancer CenterThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Chenxi Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Cancer CenterThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Juncong Luo
- Department of OncologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Arsalan Khan
- Health DepartmentGovernment of Khyber PakhtunkhwaDera Ismail KhanPakistan
| | | | - Mohamed M. Salem
- College of MedicineHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zeng Qi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, Cancer CenterThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Bo Jiang
- Emergency DepartmentThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
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Kramer M, Drexler M, Herman A, Kalimian T, Klassov Y, Nasser LA. Use of Intraoperative Tranexamic Acid and Wound Complications in Spine Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Asian Spine J 2020; 14:639-646. [PMID: 32213794 PMCID: PMC7595816 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2019.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Design A retrospective cohort study. Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on postoperative wound healing in spine surgery. Overview of Literature TXA (Cyklokapron, Hexakapron) is a widely used anti-fibrinolytic drug that is shown to be effective in mitigating hemorrhage during and after surgery by competitively blocking plasminogen in fibrinolytic cascade. Plasminogen also plays a role in inflammatory and infectious diseases. The modulation of this role by TXA may influence the development of postoperative infectious complications. Methods We collected and reviewed the charts of 110 patients who underwent spine surgery at our academic center. We used multivariate regression analysis to assess the factors affecting surgical site infection (SSI). Results Of the 110 patients included in this study, 21 patients (19%) were categorized as having postoperative wound complications, 16 patients (14%) had deep or superficial wound infection, and five patients (4%) had wound dehiscence. Patients with a higher surgical invasiveness index score, longer surgeries, and older patients were found to be at risk for wound complications. TXA was determined not to be a direct risk factor for wound healing complications and SSIs. Conclusions We found no risk of wound healing complications and SSI directly attributable to preoperative and intraoperative treatment with TXA in spine surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moti Kramer
- Department of Orthopedics, Assuta Ashdod University Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Michael Drexler
- Department of Orthopedics, Assuta Ashdod University Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Amir Herman
- Department of Orthopedics, Assuta Ashdod University Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Tal Kalimian
- Department of Orthopedics, Assuta Ashdod University Medical Center, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Yuri Klassov
- Department of Orthopedics, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Layalee Abu Nasser
- Department of Orthopedics, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Volokitina E, Antropova I, Yershov A, Chelchushev D, Kutepov S. Effect of age on the functioning of hemostasis system during hip joint endoprosthesis. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202201014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was performed on 109 osteoarthritis patients who underwent hip joint endoprosthetics; the effect of age on changes in hemostasis system, blood loss level and deep veins thrombosis development in the background of standard prevention with low-molecular heparins were studied. Before the surgery, it was determined that 56 elderly patients (60.3 ± 6.4 years) compared to 53 middle-aged patients (41.8 ± 6.8 years) had a significantly higher initial and postoperative endothelial dysfunction, higher fibrin formation and lower anticoagulant potential; however, it was found that on the background of pharmacological anticoagulant therapy the changes in the hemostasis functioning in elderly patients did not lead to an increase of either blood loss or the number of thromboses.
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Kanno E, Tanno H, Masaki A, Sasaki A, Sato N, Goto M, Shisai M, Yamaguchi K, Takagi N, Shoji M, Kitai Y, Sato K, Kasamatsu J, Ishii K, Miyasaka T, Kawakami K, Imai Y, Iwakura Y, Maruyama R, Tachi M, Kawakami K. Defect of Interferon γ Leads to Impaired Wound Healing through Prolonged Neutrophilic Inflammatory Response and Enhanced MMP-2 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225657. [PMID: 31726690 PMCID: PMC6888635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-γ is mainly secreted by CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1), natural killer (NK) and NKT cells after skin injury. Although IFN-γ is well known regarding its inhibitory effects on collagen synthesis by fibroblasts in vitro, information is limited regarding its role in wound healing in vivo. In the present study, we analyzed how the defect of IFN-γ affects wound healing. Full-thickness wounds were created on the backs of wild type (WT) C57BL/6 and IFN-γ-deficient (KO) mice. We analyzed the percent wound closure, wound breaking strength, accumulation of leukocytes, and expression levels of COL1A1, COL3A1, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). IFN-γKO mice exhibited significant attenuation in wound closure on Day 10 and wound breaking strength on Day 14 after wound creation, characteristics that are associated with prolonged neutrophil accumulation. Expression levels of COL1A1 and COL3A1 mRNA were lower in IFN-γKO than in WT mice, whereas expression levels of MMP-2 (gelatinase) mRNA were significantly greater in IFN-γKO than in WT mice. Moreover, under neutropenic conditions created with anti-Gr-1 monoclonal antibodies, wound closure in IFN-γKO mice was recovered through low MMP-2 expression levels. These results suggest that IFN-γ may be involved in the proliferation and maturation stages of wound healing through the regulation of neutrophilic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (H.T.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-717-8675
| | - Hiromasa Tanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (H.T.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Airi Masaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (A.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (N.T.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Ayako Sasaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (A.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (N.T.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (A.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (N.T.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Maiko Goto
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (H.T.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Mayu Shisai
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (H.T.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Kenji Yamaguchi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (A.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (N.T.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Naoyuki Takagi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (A.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (N.T.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Miki Shoji
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (A.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (N.T.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuki Kitai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan (Y.K.); (K.I.)
| | - Ko Sato
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (K.S.)
| | - Jun Kasamatsu
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (K.S.)
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan (Y.K.); (K.I.)
| | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 9818558, Japan; (T.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Kaori Kawakami
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 9818558, Japan; (T.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Yoshimichi Imai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (A.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (N.T.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Division of Laboratory Animals, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan;
| | - Ryoko Maruyama
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (H.T.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Masahiro Tachi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (A.M.); (A.S.); (N.S.); (N.T.); (M.S.); (Y.I.); (M.T.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan (Y.K.); (K.I.)
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 9808575, Japan; (K.S.)
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Karamanou K, Perrot G, Maquart FX, Brézillon S. Lumican as a multivalent effector in wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:344-351. [PMID: 29501701 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing, a complex physiological process, is responsible for tissue repair after exposure to destructive stimuli, without resulting in complete functional regeneration. Injuries can be stromal or epithelial, and most cases of wound repair have been studied in the skin and cornea. Lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, is expressed in the extracellular matrices of several tissues, such as the cornea, cartilage, and skin. This molecule has been shown to regulate collagen fibrillogenesis, keratinocyte phenotypes, and corneal transparency modulation. Lumican is also involved in the extravasation of inflammatory cells and angiogenesis, which are both critical in stromal wound healing. Lumican is the only member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family expressed by the epithelia during wound healing. This review summarizes the importance of lumican in wound healing and potential methods of lumican drug delivery to target wound repair are discussed. The involvement of lumican in corneal wound healing is described based on in vitro and in vivo models, with critical emphasis on its underlying mechanisms of action. Similarly, the expression and role of lumican in the healing of other tissues are presented, with emphasis on skin wound healing. Overall, lumican promotes normal wound repair and broadens new therapeutic perspectives for impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karamanou
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France; Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece; CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Reims, France
| | - Gwenn Perrot
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France; CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Reims, France
| | - Francois-Xavier Maquart
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France; CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Reims, France; CHU Reims, Laboratoire Central de Biochimie, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France; CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, Reims, France.
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Zhao K, Erb U, Hackert T, Zöller M, Yue S. Distorted leukocyte migration, angiogenesis, wound repair and metastasis in Tspan8 and Tspan8/CD151 double knockout mice indicate complementary activities of Tspan8 and CD51. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:379-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hashimoto K, Kajitani N, Miyamoto Y, Matsumoto KI. Wound healing-related properties detected in an experimental model with a collagen gel contraction assay are affected in the absence of tenascin-X. Exp Cell Res 2017; 363:102-113. [PMID: 29291401 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with tenascin-X (TNX)-deficient type Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) do not exhibit delayed wound healing, unlike classic type EDS patients, who exhibit mutations in collagen genes. Similarly, in TNX-knockout (KO) mice, wound closure of the skin is normal even though these mice exhibit a reduced breaking strength. Therefore, we speculated that the wound healing process may be affected in the absence of TNX. In this study, to investigate the effects of TNX absence on wound healing-related properties, we performed collagen gel contraction assays with wild-type (WT) and TNX-KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Collagen gels with embedded TNX-KO MEFs showed significantly greater contraction than those containing WT MEFs. Subsequently, we assessed collagen gel contraction-related properties, such as the activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 and the protein and mRNA expression levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the collagen gels. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and the expression level of TGF-β1 were elevated in the absence of TNX. Furthermore, filopodia-like protrusion formation, cell proliferation, migration, and collagen expression in MEFs were promoted in the absence of TNX. These results indicate that these wound healing-related properties are affected in a TNX-deficient extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyo Kajitani
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
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Ishchuk TV, Savchuk OM, Raetska YB, Vereschaka VV, Ostapchenko LI. [FUNCTIONING PROTEASES IN THE ESOPHAGUS MUCOSA AFTER CHEMICAL BURNS]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 61:71-7. [PMID: 26845847 DOI: 10.15407/fz61.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The main result of esophagus burn is the formation of scars, that caused by excessive synthesis of collagen and changes the balance of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors. It was studied the activity of proteolytic enzymes, participation of MMP (metalloproteinase) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP) in alkali burns of the esophagus 1st and 2nd degrees. We have shown a significant increase of TIMP level in homogenate after alkali burns of the esophagus (an average of 31-56% depend on of burn degree). We observed a reduced activity of serine proteinase after 1st degree burns on 15th, 21st day 35 and 18% respectively, after burns 2nd degree on 15th, 21st day 54 and 50%. The decrease of activity MMP after 1st degree burns on 15th and 21st day 30, 19%, respectively, in conditions of chemical burns 2nd degree on 15th and 21st day 30, 37%. These data may indicate the development of scarring after burn simulation of 2nd degree. Further investigation of the MMP and TIMP in the process of wound healing can be useful in creating effective approaches to prevent formation of post scarring of the esophagus.
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Wang Y, Yamamoto Y, Kuninaka Y, Kondo T, Furukawa F. Forensic Potential of MMPs and CC Chemokines for Wound Age Determination. J Forensic Sci 2015; 60:1511-5. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
- Department of Dermatology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Yumi Kuninaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kondo
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
| | - Fukumi Furukawa
- Department of Dermatology; Wakayama Medical University; Wakayama Japan
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Seo SY, Han SI, Bae CS, Cho H, Lim SC. Effect of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase inhibitor on wound healing. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 97:35-41. [PMID: 25899574 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PGE2 is an important mediator of wound healing. It is degraded and inactivated by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). Various growth factors, type IV collagen, TIMP-2 and PGE2 are important mediators of inflammation involving wound healing. Overproduction of TGF-β and suppression of PGE2 are found in excessive wound scarring. If we make the condition downregulating growth factors and upregulating PGE2, the wound will have a positive effect which results in little scar formation after healing. TD88 is a 15-PGDH inhibitor based on thiazolinedione structure. We evaluated the effect of TD88 on wound healing. In 10 guinea pigs (4 control and 6 experimental groups), we made four 1cm diameter-sized circular skin defects on each back. TD88 and vehicle were applicated on the wound twice a day for 4 days in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Tissue samples were harvested for qPCR and histomorphometric analyses on the 2nd and 4th day after treatment. Histomorphometric analysis showed significant reepithelization in the experimental group. qPCR analysis showed significant decrease of PDGF, CTGF and TIMP-2, but significant increase of type IV collagen in the experimental group. Taken together TD88 could be a good effector on wound healing, especially in the aspects of prevention of scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yong Seo
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Iy Han
- Division of Natural Medical Sciences, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Cho
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Wilgus TA, Roy S, McDaniel JC. Neutrophils and Wound Repair: Positive Actions and Negative Reactions. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2013; 2:379-388. [PMID: 24527354 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2012.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Neutrophils are one of the most abundant cells of the immune system and they are extremely active during the repair of cutaneous wounds. In general, the antimicrobial activity of neutrophils is effective and allows these cells to carry out their primary function of preventing wounds from becoming infected. RECENT ADVANCES It is now known that in addition to sterilizing the wound, the weapons used by neutrophils to kill potential pathogens can also cause significant tissue damage to the host. This additional damage can lead to delayed healing and excessive scar formation. CRITICAL ISSUES Much of the host damage caused by neutrophils results from the activity of proteases secreted by these cells. The clinical significance of this problem is highlighted by numerous studies showing that high levels of neutrophil-derived proteases are associated with chronic, non-healing wounds. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Studies are currently being performed to evaluate new ways of counteracting protease activity in chronic wounds. Additional studies will have to be carried out to determine whether neutralizing neutrophil proteases can improve the healing of chronic wounds without sacrificing the ability of neutrophils to eliminate pathogens and risking infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci A. Wilgus
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Differential influence of components resulting from atmospheric-pressure plasma on integrin expression of human HaCaT keratinocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:761451. [PMID: 23936843 PMCID: PMC3712198 DOI: 10.1155/2013/761451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adequate chronic wound healing is a major problem in medicine. A new solution might be non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma effectively inactivating microorganisms and influencing cells in wound healing. Plasma components as, for example, radicals can affect cells differently. HaCaT keratinocytes were treated with Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma (DBD/air, DBD/argon), ozone or hydrogen peroxide to find the components responsible for changes in integrin expression, intracellular ROS formation or apoptosis induction. Dependent on plasma treatment time reduction of recovered cells was observed with no increase of apoptotic cells, but breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential. DBD/air plasma increased integrins and intracellular ROS. DBD/argon caused minor changes. About 100 ppm ozone did not influence integrins. Hydrogen peroxide caused similar effects compared to DBD/air plasma. In conclusion, effects depended on working gas and exposure time to plasma. Short treatment cycles did neither change integrins nor induce apoptosis or ROS. Longer treatments changed integrins as important for influencing wound healing. Plasma effects on integrins are rather attributed to induction of other ROS than to generation of ozone. Changes of integrins by plasma may provide new solutions of improving wound healing, however, conditions are needed which allow initiating the relevant influence on integrins without being cytotoxic to cells.
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Surface molecules on HaCaT keratinocytes after interaction with non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma. Cell Biol Int 2013; 36:1217-22. [PMID: 22973947 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20120139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasmas have been developed that will be used in future for several purposes, e.g. medicine. Living tissues and cells are at the focus of plasma treatment, e.g. to improve wound healing, or induce apoptosis and growth arrest in tumour cells. Detailed investigations of plasma-cell interactions are needed. Cell surface adhesion molecules as integrins, cadherins or the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) are of importance in wound healing and also for development of cancer metastasis. This study has focused on measurement of cell surface molecules on human HaCaT keratinocytes (human adult low calcium temperature keratinocytes) promoting adhesion, migration and proliferation as one important feature of plasma-cell interactions. HaCaT keratinocytes were treated with plasma by a surface dielectric barrier discharge in air. Cell surface molecules and induction of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) were analysed by flow cytometry 24 h after plasma treatment. Besides a reduction of cell viability a significant down-regulation of E-cadherin and the EGFR expression occurred. The influence on α2- and β1-integrins was less pronounced, and expression of ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) was unaffected. The extent of effects depended on the exposure time of cells to the plasma and the treatment regimen. Intracellular level of ROS detected by the fluorescent dye H2DCFDA (2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) increased by plasma treatment, but it was neither dependent on the treatment time nor related to the different treatment regimens. Two-dimensional cultures of HaCaT keratinocytes appear to be a suitable method of investigating plasma-cell interactions.
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Thamm OC, Koenen P, Bader N, Schneider A, Wutzler S, Neugebauer EAM, Spanholtz TA. Acute and chronic wound fluids influence keratinocyte function differently. Int Wound J 2013; 12:143-9. [PMID: 23517467 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing requires a proper functioning of keratinocytes that migrate, proliferate and lead to a competent wound closure. Impaired wound healing might be due to a disturbed keratinocyte function caused by the wound environment. Basically, chronic wound fluid (CWF) differs from acute wound fluid (AWF). The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of AWF and CWF on keratinocyte function. We therefore investigated keratinocyte migration and proliferation under the influence of AWF and CWF using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] test and scratch assay. We further measured the gene expression by qRT-PCR regarding growth factors and matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) involved in regeneration processes. AWF had a positive impact on keratinocyte proliferation over time, whereas CWF had an anti-proliferative effect. Keratinocyte migration was significantly impaired by CWF in contrast to an undisturbed wound closure under the influence of AWF. MMP-9 expression was strongly upregulated by CWF compared with AWF. Keratinocyte function was significantly impaired by CWF. An excessive induction of MMP-9 by CWF might lead to a permanent degradation of extracellular matrix and thereby prevent wounds from healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Thamm
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Handsurgery, Burn Care Center, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany
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Rønø B, Engelholm LH, Lund LR, Hald A. Gender affects skin wound healing in plasminogen deficient mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59942. [PMID: 23527289 PMCID: PMC3603995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrinolytic activity of plasmin plays a fundamental role in resolution of blood clots and clearance of extravascular deposited fibrin in damaged tissues. These vital functions of plasmin are exploited by malignant cells to accelerate tumor growth and facilitate metastases. Mice lacking functional plasmin thus display decreased tumor growth in a variety of cancer models. Interestingly, this role of plasmin has, in regard to skin cancer, been shown to be restricted to male mice. It remains to be clarified whether gender also affects other phenotypic characteristics of plasmin deficiency or if this gender effect is restricted to skin cancer. To investigate this, we tested the effect of gender on plasmin dependent immune cell migration, accumulation of hepatic fibrin depositions, skin composition, and skin wound healing. Gender did not affect immune cell migration or hepatic fibrin accumulation in neither wildtype nor plasmin deficient mice, and the existing differences in skin composition between males and females were unaffected by plasmin deficiency. In contrast, gender had a marked effect on the ability of plasmin deficient mice to heal skin wounds, which was seen as an accelerated wound closure in female versus male plasmin deficient mice. Further studies showed that this gender effect could not be reversed by ovariectomy, suggesting that female sex-hormones did not mediate the accelerated skin wound healing in plasmin deficient female mice. Histological examination of healed wounds revealed larger amounts of fibrotic scars in the provisional matrix of plasmin deficient male mice compared to female mice. These fibrotic scars correlated to an obstruction of cell infiltration of the granulation tissue, which is a prerequisite for wound healing. In conclusion, the presented data show that the gender dependent effect of plasmin deficiency is tissue specific and may be secondary to already established differences between genders, such as skin thickness and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Rønø
- Center for Molecular Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Leif Røge Lund
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Hald
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Cell surface remodeling by plasmin: a new function for an old enzyme. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:564259. [PMID: 23097597 PMCID: PMC3477900 DOI: 10.1155/2012/564259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmin, one of the most potent and reactive serine proteases, is involved in various physiological processes, including embryo development, thrombolysis, wound healing and cancer progression. The proteolytic activity of plasmin is tightly regulated through activation of its precursor, plasminogen, only at specific times and in defined locales as well as through inhibition of active plasmin by its abundant natural inhibitors. By exploiting the plasminogen activating system and overexpressing distinct components of the plasminogen activation cascade, such as pro-uPA, uPAR and plasminogen receptors, malignant cells can enhance the generation of plasmin which in turn, modifies the tumor microenvironment to sustain cancer progression. While plasmin-mediated degradation and modification of extracellular matrix proteins, release of growth factors and cytokines from the stroma as well as activation of several matrix metalloproteinase zymogens, all have been a focus of cancer research studies for decades, the ability of plasmin to cleave transmembrane molecules and thereby to generate functionally important cleaved products which induce outside-in signal transduction, has just begun to receive sufficient attention. Herein, we highlight this relatively understudied, but important function of the plasmin enzyme as it is generated de novo at the interface between cross-talking cancer and host cells.
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Hald A, Eickhardt H, Maerkedahl RB, Feldborg CW, Egerod KL, Engelholm LH, Laerum OD, Lund LR, Rønø B. Plasmin-driven fibrinolysis facilitates skin tumor growth in a gender-dependent manner. FASEB J 2012; 26:4445-57. [PMID: 22815383 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-208025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rearrangement of the skin during wound healing depends on plasmin and plasminogen, which serve to degrade fibrin depositions in the provisional matrix and thereby facilitate keratinocyte migration. In the current study, we investigated whether plasmin and plasminogen likewise played a role during the development of skin cancer. To test this, we set up a chemically induced skin tumor model in a cohort of mice and found that skin tumor growth in Plg(-/-) male mice was reduced by 52% compared with wild-type controls. Histological analyses suggested that the growth-restricting effect of plasminogen deficiency was due to thrombosis and lost patency of the tumor vasculature, resulting in tumor necrosis. The connection between plasmin-dependent fibrinolysis, vascular patency, and tumor growth was further substantiated as the effect of plasminogen deficiency on tumor growth could be reverted by superimposing heterozygous fibrinogen deficiency on Plg(-/-) mice. Tumors derived from these Fib(-/+);Plg(-/-) mice displayed a significantly decreased level of tumor thrombosis compared with Plg(-/-) mice. In summary, these data indicate that plasmin-driven fibrinolysis facilitates tumor growth by maintaining patency of the tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hald
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Knapik A, Hegland N, Calcagni M, Althaus M, Vollmar B, Giovanoli P, Lindenblatt N. Metalloproteinases facilitate connection of wound bed vessels to pre-existing skin graft vasculature. Microvasc Res 2012; 84:16-23. [PMID: 22521453 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in tissue engineering of human skin, the exact revascularization processes remain unclear. Therefore it was the aim of this study to investigate the vascular transformations during engraftment and to identify associated proteolytic factors. METHODS The modified dorsal skinfold chamber with autologous skin grafting was prepared in C57BL/6J mice, and intravital microscopy was performed. The expression of proteases and vascular factors was quantified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Reperfusion of the skin graft after 72hours was followed by a temporary angiogenic response of the graft vessels. Wound bed bud formation appeared after 24 to 48hours representing starting points for capillary sprouting. In the reperfused skin graft larger buds developed over several days without transformation into angiogenic sprouts; instead pruning took place. MT1-MMP was detected at sprout tips of in-growing vessels. MMP-2 expression was located at the wound bed/graft connection sites. Pericytes were found to withdraw from the angiogenic vessel in order to facilitate sprouting. CONCLUSIONS Skin graft vasculature responded with temporary angiogenesis to reperfusion, which was pruned after several days and exhibited a different morphology than regular sprouting angiogenesis present within the wound bed. Furthermore we identified MT1-MMP as sprout-tip located protease indicating its potential role as sprout growth facilitator as well as potentially in lysing the existing graft capillaries in order to connect to them. The differences between the wound bed and skin graft angiogenesis may represent a relevant insight into the processes of vascular pruning and may help in the engineering of skin substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Knapik
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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Swedberg JE, Harris JM. Natural and engineered plasmin inhibitors: applications and design strategies. Chembiochem 2012; 13:336-48. [PMID: 22238174 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease plasmin is ubiquitously expressed throughout the human body in the form of the zymogen plasminogen. Conversion to active plasmin occurs through enzymatic cleavage by plasminogen activators. The plasminogen activator/plasmin system has a well-established function in the removal of intravascular fibrin deposition through fibrinolysis and the inhibition of plasmin activity; this has found widespread clinical use in reducing perioperative bleeding. Increasing evidence also suggests diverse, although currently less defined, roles for plasmin in a number of physiological and pathological processes relating to extracellular matrix degradation, cell migration and tissue remodelling. In particular, dysregulation of plasmin has been linked to cancer invasion/metastasis and various chronic inflammatory conditions; this has prompted efforts to develop inhibitors of this protease. Although a number of plasmin inhibitors exist, they commonly suffer from poor potency and/or specificity of inhibition that either results in reduced efficacy or prevents clinical use. Consequently, there is a need for further development of high-affinity plasmin inhibitors that maintain selectivity over other serine proteases. This review summarises clearly defined and potential applications for plasmin inhibition. The properties of naturally occurring and engineered plasmin inhibitors are discussed in the context of current knowledge regarding plasmin structure, specificity and function. This includes design strategies to obtain the potency and specificity of inhibition in addition to controlled temporal and spatial distribution tailored for the intended use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim E Swedberg
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072 (Australia)
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Concomitant lack of MMP9 and uPA disturbs physiological tissue remodeling. Dev Biol 2011; 358:56-67. [PMID: 21802414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9, gelatinase B) have separately been recognized to play important roles in various tissue remodeling processes. In this study, we demonstrate that deficiency for MMP9 in combination with ablation of either uPA- or tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-catalyzed plasminogen activation is critical to accomplish normal gestation in mice. Gestation was also affected by simultaneous lack of MMP9 and the uPA receptor (uPAR). Interestingly, uPA-deficiency additionally exacerbated the effect of MMP9-deficiency on bone growth and an additive effect caused by combined lack in MMP9 and uPA was observed during healing of cutaneous wounds. By comparison, MMP9-deficiency combined with absence of either tPA or uPAR resulted in no significant effect on wound healing, indicating that the role of uPA during wound healing is independent of uPAR, when MMP9 is absent. Notably, compensatory upregulation of uPA activity was seen in wounds from MMP9-deficient mice. Taken together, these studies reveal essential functional dependency between MMP9 and uPA during gestation and tissue repair.
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Novotný M, Vasilenko T, Varinská L, Smetana K, Szabo P, Šarišský M, Dvořánková B, Mojžiš J, Bobrov N, Toporcerová S, Sabol F, Matthews BJ, Gál P. ER-α agonist induces conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, while ER-β agonist increases ECM production and wound tensile strength of healing skin wounds in ovariectomised rats. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:703-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ranzato E, Martinotti S, Burlando B. Wound healing properties of jojoba liquid wax: an in vitro study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:443-449. [PMID: 21211559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The wound healing properties of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) liquid wax (JLW) were studied in vitro on HaCaT keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts, which are involved in wounded skin repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS JLW cytotoxicity was evaluated by the crystal violet staining and the neutral red uptake endpoint. Induction of wound healing by JLW was assessed by scratch wound assay on cell monolayers. The involvement of signaling pathways was evaluated by the use of the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA and of kinase inhibitors, and by Western blot analysis of cell lysates using anti-phospho antibodies. Collagen and gelatinase secretion by cells were assayed by in-cell ELISA and zymography analysis, respectively. RESULTS Cytotoxicity assays showed that the toxic effects of JLW to these cells are extremely low. Scratch wound experiments showed that JLW notably accelerates the wound closure of both keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The use of inhibitors and Western blot revealed that the mechanism of action of JLW is strictly Ca(2+) dependent and requires the involvement of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway and of the p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs. In addition, JLW was found to stimulate collagen I synthesis in fibroblasts, while no effect was detected on the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinases by HaCaT or fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, data provide a pharmacological characterization of JLW properties on skin cells and suggest that it could be used in the treatment of wounds in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Ranzato
- Department of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Juncker-Jensen A, Lund LR. Phenotypic overlap between MMP-13 and the plasminogen activation system during wound healing in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16954. [PMID: 21326869 PMCID: PMC3033913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix is a crucial step in the healing of incisional skin wounds. Thus, healing of skin wounds is delayed by either plasminogen-deficiency or by treatment with the broad-spectrum metalloproteinase (MP) inhibitor Galardin alone, while the two perturbations combined completely prevent wound healing. Both urokinase-type plasminogen activator and several matrix metallo proteinases (MMPs), such as MMP-3, -9 and -13, are expressed in the leading-edge keratinocytes of skin wounds, which may account for this phenotypic overlap between these classes of proteases. METHODOLOGY To further test that hypothesis we generated Mmp13;Plau and Mmp13;Plg double-deficient mice in a cross between Mmp13- and Plau-deficient mice as well as Mmp13- and Plg-deficient mice. These mice were examined for normal physiology in a large cohort study and in a well-characterized skin wound healing model, in which we made incisional 20 mm-long full-thickness skin wounds. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS While mice that are deficient in Mmp13 have a mean healing time indistinguishable to wild-type mice, wound healing in both Plau- and Plg-deficient mice is significantly delayed. Histological analysis of healed wounds revealed a significant increase in keratin 10/14 immunoreactive layers of kerationcytes in the skin surface in Mmp13;Plau double-deficient mice. Furthermore, we observe, by immunohistological analysis, an aberrant angiogenic pattern during wound healing induced by Plau-deficiency, which has not previously been described. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a phenotypic overlap, defined as an additional delay in wound healing in the double-deficient mice compared to the individual single-deficient mice, between MMP-13 and the plasminogen activation system in the process of wound healing, but not during gestation and in postnatal development. Thus, a dual targeting of uPA and MMP-13 might be a possible future strategy in designing therapies aimed at tissue repair or other pathological processes, such as cancer invasion, where proteolytic degradation is a hallmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Juncker-Jensen
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leif R. Lund
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Biocenter, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Hald A, Rønø B, Melander MC, Ding M, Holck S, Lund LR. MMP9 is protective against lethal inflammatory mass lesions in the mouse colon. Dis Model Mech 2010; 4:212-27. [PMID: 21123624 PMCID: PMC3046095 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.005801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is responsible for extracellular matrix degradation during physiological and pathophysiological tissue remodeling processes such as embryogenesis, tissue repair and cancer progression. Despite these important roles of MMPs, inhibition or ablation of individual members of the MMP family in animal models have been shown to have little effect. It has been speculated that this results from a functional overlap between individual MMPs and (as-yet-unclassified) functional overlaps between MMPs and other protease systems. We here present genetic data showing that concomitant ablation of MMP9 (gelatinase B) and the serine protease plasmin results in lethal inflammatory mass lesions in the colon. These lesions possessed several histological attributes that are characteristic of mucosal prolapse seen in humans, and they were found to be associated with splenomegaly, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, decreased thymus size and altered populations of circulating immune cells. A time-course study provided evidence that the massive lymphoid hyperplasia and reactive changes were secondary to discrete fibrinous lesions also observed in mice only deficient for plasminogen (Plg), the zymogen for plasmin. These data demonstrate a non-appreciated vital protective role for MMP9 in the absence of Plg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hald
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Haertel B, Wende K, von Woedtke T, Weltmann KD, Lindequist U. Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasma can influence cell adhesion molecules on HaCaT-keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2010; 20:282-4. [PMID: 21054557 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal atmospheric-pressure plasmas provide new hope for improvement in chronic wound management because of their potency in killing microorganisms. However, the effectiveness of the procedure has to be verified and negative effects on healthy tissues have to be excluded. In wound healing adhesion molecules play a crucial role for cell migration and proliferation. We investigated whether an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (kINPen09) influences the expression of adhesion molecules responsible for cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions after treatment of HaCaT-keratinocytes for 10 and 30 s. Twenty-four hours after plasma treatment expression of α(2) - and β(1)-integrin, E-cadherin and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was determined by flow cytometry. Plasma-treated HaCaT-cells were characterized by normal α(2)-integrin and increased β(1)-integrin expression. E-cadherin and EGFR expression was reduced after the 30-s treatment. We did not observe any effects following the 10-s plasma treatment. In conclusion, short-term plasma treatment can be applied without effects for cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion.
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Patterson J, Hubbell JA. SPARC-derived protease substrates to enhance the plasmin sensitivity of molecularly engineered PEG hydrogels. Biomaterials 2010; 32:1301-10. [PMID: 21040970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive hydrogels formed from the Michael-type addition reactions of end-functionalized poly (ethylene glycol) macromers with thiol-containing protease-sensitive peptide crosslinkers have previously been described as matrices for cell-induced enzymatic remodeling. In this study, we sought to develop materials formulations with different degradation profiles by evaluating peptides derived from secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) as potential substrates for plasmin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and MMP-2. Michaelis-Menten analysis showed that different peptides could provide a range of k(cat) values for each enzyme. In most cases, hydrogels formed with crosslinker peptides that had higher k(cat) values degraded faster when exposed to the appropriate enzyme(s), and fibroblasts showed increased cell proliferation and cell spreading when cultured in the faster degrading hydrogels. Further, greater cell invasion was observed from aortic ring segments embedded in the faster degrading hydrogels. The addition of the SPARC-derived peptides to the repertoire of protease-sensitive crosslinkers increases the potential application of these materials by providing enhanced susceptibility to plasmin. Further, the graded increases in k(cat) and the differential responses for plasmin, MMP-1, and MMP-2 can be used to engineer hydrogels with degradation properties tuned to the enzymes produced by particular cell types, allowing for broader in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Patterson
- Institute for Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ranzato E, Martinotti S, Volante A, Mazzucco L, Burlando B. Platelet lysate modulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, matrix deposition and cell-to-matrix adhesion in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2010; 20:308-13. [PMID: 20955204 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions are an essential element of wound healing, while platelet derivatives are used in clinical settings for the treatment of chronic wounds. We used a platelet lysate (PL), which had been previously shown to accelerate in vitro the wounding of HaCaT keratinocytes and fibroblasts (J Cell Mol Med, 13, 2009, 2030; Br J Dermatol, 159, 2008, 537), to study the modulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 collagenase expression, collagen type I and III production and syndecan-4 expression and rearrangement in these cells. Zymography and Western blot analyses showed that exposure to 20% (v/v) PL for 24 h induced an apparently ERK1/2- and p38-dependent, NF-kappaB-independent, translational upregulation of MMP-9 in HaCaT, while HaCaT MMP-2 and fibroblast collagenases were almost unaffected. The use of in-cell ELISA showed that PL induced an increase in the collagen III production of fibroblasts. In-cell ELISA and immunofluorescence microscopy revealed an increase in the expression of syndecan-4 and its rearrangement to form focal adhesions in both cell types after PL exposure. Taken together, data indicate that PL promotes keratinocyte epithelialization and regulates fibroblast matrix deposition, thus providing a molecular basis for the ability of this platelet derivative to heal severe and problematic wounds without leading to heavy scarring and keloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Ranzato
- Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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