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Ribeiro C, Ferreirinha P, Landry JJM, Macedo F, Sousa LG, Pinto R, Benes V, Alves NL. Foxo3 regulates cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cell homeostasis with implications in T cell development. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:352. [PMID: 38773063 PMCID: PMC11109193 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Within the thymus, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) create dedicated microenvironments for T cell development and selection. Considering that TECs are sensitive to distinct pathophysiological conditions, uncovering the molecular elements that coordinate their thymopoietic role has important fundamental and clinical implications. Particularly, medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) play a crucial role in central tolerance. Our previous studies, along with others, suggest that mTECs depend on molecular factors linked to genome-protecting pathways, but the precise mechanisms underlying their function remain unknown. These observations led us to examine the role of Foxo3, as it is expressed in TECs and involved in DNA damage response. Our findings show that mice with TEC-specific deletion of Foxo3 (Foxo3cKO) displayed a disrupted mTEC compartment, with a more profound impact on the numbers of CCL21+ and thymic tuft mTEClo subsets. At the molecular level, Foxo3 controls distinct functional modules in the transcriptome of cTECs and mTECs under normal conditions, which includes the regulation of ribosomal biogenesis and DNA damage response, respectively. These changes in the TEC compartment resulted in a reduced total thymocyte cellularity and specific changes in regulatory T cell and iNKT cell development in the Foxo3cKO thymus. Lastly, the thymic defects observed in adulthood correlated with mild signs of altered peripheral immunotolerance in aged Foxo3cKO mice. Moreover, the deficiency in Foxo3 moderately aggravated the autoimmune predisposition observed in Aire-deficient mice. Our findings highlight the importance of Foxo3 in preserving the homeostasis of TECs and in supporting their role in T cell development and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ribeiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Ferreirinha
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jonathan J M Landry
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fátima Macedo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Laura G Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Pinto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nuno L Alves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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You M, Liu J, Li J, Ji C, Ni H, Guo W, Zhang J, Jia W, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Yu G, Ji H, Wang X, Han D, Du X, Xu MM, Yu S. Mettl3-m 6A-Creb1 forms an intrinsic regulatory axis in maintaining iNKT cell pool and functional differentiation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112584. [PMID: 37267102 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase Mettl3 is involved in conventional T cell immunity; however, its role in innate immune cells remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Mettl3 intrinsically regulates invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell development and function in an m6A-dependent manner. Conditional ablation of Mettl3 in CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes impairs iNKT cell proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine secretion, which synergistically causes defects in B16F10 melanoma resistance. Transcriptomic and epi-transcriptomic analyses reveal that Mettl3 deficiency disturbs the expression of iNKT cell-related genes with altered m6A modification. Strikingly, Mettl3 modulates the stability of the Creb1 transcript, which in turn controls the protein and phosphorylation levels of Creb1. Furthermore, conditional targeting of Creb1 in DP thymocytes results in similar phenotypes of iNKT cells lacking Mettl3. Importantly, ectopic expression of Creb1 largely rectifies such developmental defects in Mettl3-deficient iNKT cells. These findings reveal that the Mettl3-m6A-Creb1 axis plays critical roles in regulating iNKT cells at the post-transcriptional layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao You
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ce Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haochen Ni
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yajiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingpeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guotao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huanyu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dali Han
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuguang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Meng Michelle Xu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute for Immunology, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, THU-PKU Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Shuyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Wang J, Adrianto I, Subedi K, Liu T, Wu X, Yi Q, Loveless I, Yin C, Datta I, Sant'Angelo DB, Kronenberg M, Zhou L, Mi QS. Integrative scATAC-seq and scRNA-seq analyses map thymic iNKT cell development and identify Cbfβ for its commitment. Cell Discov 2023; 9:61. [PMID: 37336875 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike conventional αβT cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells complete their terminal differentiation to functional iNKT1/2/17 cells in the thymus. However, underlying molecular programs that guide iNKT subset differentiation remain unclear. Here, we profiled the transcriptomes of over 17,000 iNKT cells and the chromatin accessibility states of over 39,000 iNKT cells across four thymic iNKT developmental stages using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) to define their developmental trajectories. Our study discovered novel features for iNKT precursors and different iNKT subsets and indicated that iNKT2 and iNKT17 lineage commitment may occur as early as stage 0 (ST0) by two distinct programs, while iNKT1 commitments may occur post ST0. Both iNKT1 and iNKT2 cells exhibit extensive phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, while iNKT17 cells are relatively homogenous. Furthermore, we identified that a novel transcription factor, Cbfβ, was highly expressed in iNKT progenitor commitment checkpoint, which showed a similar expression trajectory with other known transcription factors for iNKT cells development, Zbtb16 and Egr2, and could direct iNKT cells fate and drive their effector phenotype differentiation. Conditional deletion of Cbfβ blocked early iNKT cell development and led to severe impairment of iNKT1/2/17 cell differentiation. Overall, our findings uncovered distinct iNKT developmental programs as well as their cellular heterogeneity, and identified a novel transcription factor Cbfβ as a key regulator for early iNKT cell commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Indra Adrianto
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kalpana Subedi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tingting Liu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Qijun Yi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ian Loveless
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Congcong Yin
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Indrani Datta
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Derek B Sant'Angelo
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Chakrabarti R, Duddu S, Tiwari A, Naidu KT, Sharma P, Chakravorty N, Shukla PC. Natural Killer T cells and the invariant subset promote atherosclerosis: A meta-analysis. Life Sci 2023; 321:121620. [PMID: 37011534 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are reported to be both pro- and anti-atherosclerotic. With this meta-analysis, we evaluated the NKT population and their subsets in regulating the atherosclerotic disease in mice. MAIN METHODS Eighteen pre-clinical (mice, n = 1276) and 6 clinical observational studies (humans, n = 116) met the eligibility criteria for inclusion. Random effects model was used and standard mean difference (SMD) was calculated for the cell counts and aortic lesion area. KEY FINDINGS Lesion area decreased in the absence of whole NKT cell population (-1.33[95%CI, -2.14, -0.52]), and in the absence of only iNKT subset (-0.66[95%CI, -1.69, 0.37]). However, lesion area increased after over-expression/activation of iNKTs (1.40[95%CI, 0.28, 2.52]). Atherogenic diet (AD) or high fat diet (HFD) increased the number of NKT cells (2.51[95%CI, 1.42, 3.61]), whereas the iNKT cell numbers and iNKT cell-specific gene expression decreased in mice (-2.04[95%CI, -3.34, -0.75]) and atherosclerotic patients (-1.81[95 % CI, -2.89, -0.74]). SIGNIFICANCE Here we show that, NKT and iNKT cells promote atherosclerosis. In general, NKT cell population increases with the progression of the plaque in mice and the numbers of iNKT cells reduce once the disease is established both in mice and humans.
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Thio CLP, Lai ACY, Wang JC, Chi PY, Chang YL, Ting YT, Chen SY, Chang YJ. Identification of a PD-L1+Tim-1+ iNKT subset that protects against fine particulate matter-induced airway inflammation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:164157. [PMID: 36477357 PMCID: PMC9746902 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although air pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are associated with acute and chronic lung inflammation, the etiology of PM2.5-induced airway inflammation remains poorly understood. Here we report that PM2.5 triggered airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and neutrophilic inflammation with concomitant increases in Th1 and Th17 responses and epithelial cell apoptosis. We found that γδ T cells promoted neutrophilic inflammation and AHR through IL-17A. Unexpectedly, we found that invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells played a protective role in PM2.5-induced pulmonary inflammation. Specifically, PM2.5 activated a suppressive CD4- iNKT cell subset that coexpressed Tim-1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Activation of this suppressive subset was mediated by Tim-1 recognition of phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells. The suppressive iNKT subset inhibited γδ T cell expansion and intrinsic IL-17A production, and the inhibitory effects of iNKT cells on the cytokine-producing capacity of γδ T cells were mediated in part by PD-1/PD-L1 signaling. Taken together, our findings underscore a pathogenic role for IL-17A-producing γδ T cells in PM2.5-elicited inflammation and identify PD-L1+Tim-1+CD4- iNKT cells as a protective subset that prevents PM2.5-induced AHR and neutrophilia by inhibiting γδ T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jo-Chiao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Lin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tse Ting
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Role of NKT cells in cancer immunotherapy-from bench to bed. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:29. [PMID: 36460881 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a specific T cell subset known to express the αβ-T cell receptor (TCR) for antigens identification and express typical NK cell specifications, such as surface expression of CD56 and CD16 markers as well as production of granzyme. Human NKT cells are divided into two subgroups based on their cytokine receptor and TCR repertoire. Both of them are CD1-restricted and recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules. Studies have demonstrated that these cells are essential in defense against malignancies. These cells secret proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines that stimulate or suppress immune system responses. In several murine tumor models, activation of type I NKT cells induces tumor rejection and inhibits metastasis's spread. However, type II NKT cells are associated with an inhibitory and regulatory function during tumor immune responses. Variant NKT cells may suppress tumor immunity via different mechanisms that require cross-talk with other immune-regulatory cells. NKT-like cells display high tumor-killing abilities against many tumor cells. In the recent decade, different studies have been performed based on the application of NKT-based immunotherapy for cancer therapy. Moreover, manipulation of NKT cells through administering autologous dendritic cell (DC) loaded with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) and direct α-GalCer injection has also been tested. In this review, we described different subtypes of NKT cells, their function in the anti-tumor immune responses, and the application of NKT cells in cancer immunotherapy from bench to bed.
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Takada I, Hidano S, Takahashi S, Yanaka K, Ogawa H, Tsuchiya M, Yokoyama A, Sato S, Ochi H, Nakagawa T, Kobayashi T, Nakagawa S, Makishima M. Transcriptional coregulator Ess2 controls survival of post-thymic CD4 + T cells through the Myc and IL-7 signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102342. [PMID: 35933014 PMCID: PMC9436822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ess2, also known as Dgcr14, is a transcriptional co-regulator of CD4+ T cells. Ess2 is located in a chromosomal region, the loss of which has been associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), which causes heart defects, skeletal abnormalities, and immunodeficiency. However, the specific association of Ess2 with 22q11DS remains unclear. To elucidate the role of Ess2 in T-cell development, we generated Ess2 floxed (Ess2fl/fl) and CD4+ T cell-specific Ess2 KO (Ess2ΔCD4/ΔCD4) mice using the Cre/loxP system. Interestingly, Ess2ΔCD4/ΔCD4 mice exhibited reduced naïve T-cell numbers in the spleen, while the number of thymocytes (CD4-CD8-, CD4+CD8+, CD4+CD8-, and CD4-CD8+) in the thymus remained unchanged. Furthermore, Ess2ΔCD4/ΔCD4 mice had decreased NKT cells and increased γδT cells in the thymus and spleen. A genome-wide expression analysis using RNA-seq revealed that Ess2 deletion alters the expression of many genes in CD4 single-positive thymocytes, including genes related to the immune system and Myc target genes. In addition, Ess2 enhanced the transcriptional activity of c-Myc. Some genes identified as Ess2 targets in mice show expressional correlation with ESS2 in human immune cells. Moreover, Ess2ΔCD4/ΔCD4 naïve CD4+ T cells did not maintain survival in response to IL-7. Our results suggest that Ess2 plays a critical role in post-thymic T-cell survival through the Myc and IL-7 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Takada
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shinya Hidano
- Department of Infectious Diseases Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Sayuri Takahashi
- Department of Urology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Yanaka
- RNA Biology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Research Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidesato Ogawa
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Megumi Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- Center for Innovative Cancer Treatment, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Medical Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Rehabilitation for Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Single-cell analysis reveals differences among iNKT cells colonizing peripheral organs and identifies Klf2 as a key gene for iNKT emigration. Cell Discov 2022; 8:75. [PMID: 35915069 PMCID: PMC9343440 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cell (iNKT) subsets are differentially distributed in various immune organs. However, it remains unclear whether iNKT cells exhibit phenotypical and functional differences in different peripheral organs and how thymic iNKT cells emigrate to peripheral organs. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq to map iNKT cells from peripheral organs. iNKT1 cells from liver, spleen, and lymph node appear to have distinct phenotypic profiles and functional capabilities. However, iNKT17 transcriptomes were comparable across peripheral organs. In addition, by integrating data with a thymic iNKT cell study, we uncovered a transient population of recent thymic emigrants, a cluster of peripheral iNKT cells with high expression of transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (Klf2). Deletion of Klf2 led to a severe impairment of iNKT differentiation and migration. Our study revealed that iNKT subsets are uniquely distributed in peripheral organs with some inter-local tissue variation, especially for iNKT1 cell, and identified Klf2 as a rheostat for iNKT cell migration and differentiation.
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Kim DM, Seo JW, Kim Y, Park U, Ha NY, Park H, Yun NR, Kim DY, Yoon SH, Na YS, Moon DS, Lim SC, Kim CM, Kim YS, Cho NH. Eosinophil-mediated lung inflammation associated with elevated natural killer T cell response in COVID-19 patients. Korean J Intern Med 2022; 37:201-209. [PMID: 34565131 PMCID: PMC8747909 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2021.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with acute respiratory syndrome. The mechanisms underlying the different degrees of pneumonia severity in patients with COVID-19 remain elusive. This study provides evidence that COVID-19 is associated with eosinophil-mediated inflammation. METHODS We performed a retrospective case series of three patients with laboratory and radiologically confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Chosun University Hospital. Demographic and clinical data on inflammatory cell lung infiltration and cytokine levels in patients with COVID-19 were collected. RESULTS Cytological analysis of sputum, tracheal aspirates, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from all three patients revealed massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), such as eosinophils and neutrophils. All sputum and BALF specimens contained high levels of eosinophil cationic proteins. The infiltration of PMNs into the lungs, together with elevated levels of natural killer T (NKT) cells in BALF and peripheral blood samples from patients with severe pneumonia in the acute phase was confirmed by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the lungs of COVID-19 patients can exhibit eosinophil-mediated inflammation, together with an elevated NKT cell response, which is associated with COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Jun-Won Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Uni Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Na-Young Ha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hyoree Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Na Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Da Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Yong Sub Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Do Sik Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Department of Premedical Science, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon,
Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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10
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Liu J, You M, Yao Y, Ji C, Wang Z, Wang F, Wang D, Qi Z, Yu G, Sun Z, Guo W, Liu J, Li S, Jin Y, Zhao T, Xue HH, Xue Y, Yu S. SRSF1 plays a critical role in invariant natural killer T cell development and function. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2502-2515. [PMID: 34522020 PMCID: PMC8545978 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are highly conserved innate-like T lymphocytes that originate from CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes. Here, we report that serine/arginine splicing factor 1 (SRSF1) intrinsically regulates iNKT cell development by directly targeting Myb and balancing the abundance of short and long isoforms. Conditional ablation of SRSF1 in DP cells led to a substantially diminished iNKT cell pool due to defects in proliferation, survival, and TCRα rearrangement. The transition from stage 0 to stage 1 of iNKT cells was substantially blocked, and the iNKT2 subset was notably diminished in SRSF1-deficient mice. SRSF1 deficiency resulted in aberrant expression of a series of regulators that are tightly correlated with iNKT cell development and iNKT2 differentiation, including Myb, PLZF, Gata3, ICOS, and CD5. In particular, we found that SRSF1 directly binds and regulates pre-mRNA alternative splicing of Myb and that the expression of the short isoform of Myb is substantially reduced in SRSF1-deficient DP and iNKT cells. Strikingly, ectopic expression of the Myb short isoform partially rectified the defects caused by ablation of SRSF1. Furthermore, we confirmed that the SRSF1-deficient mice exhibited resistance to acute liver injury upon α-GalCer and Con A induction. Our findings thus uncovered a previously unknown role of SRSF1 as an essential post-transcriptional regulator in iNKT cell development and functional differentiation, providing new clinical insights into iNKT-correlated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghao You
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingpeng Yao
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ce Ji
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Qi
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guotao Yu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Li
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Jin
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyan Zhao
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- grid.429392.70000 0004 6010 5947Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ USA
| | - Yuanchao Xue
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Yu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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11
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Mi QS, Wang J, Liu Q, Wu X, Zhou L. microRNA dynamic expression regulates invariant NKT cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6003-6015. [PMID: 34236444 PMCID: PMC11073247 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) are a prevalent population of innate-like T cells in mice, but quite rare in humans that are critical for regulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses during antimicrobial immunity, tumor rejection, and inflammatory diseases. Multiple transcription factors and signaling molecules that contribute to iNKT cell selection and functional differentiation have been identified. However, the full molecular network responsible for regulating and maintaining iNKT populations remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of evolutionarily conserved, small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Previous reports uncovered the important roles of miRNAs in iNKT cell development and function using Dicer mutant mice. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of individual miRNAs in iNKT cells reported by our group and other groups, including miR-150, miR-155, miR-181, let-7, miR-17 ~ 92 cluster, and miR-183-96-182 cluster. It is likely that iNKT cell development, differentiation, homeostasis, and functions are orchestrated through a multilayered network comprising interactions among master transcription factors, signaling molecules, and dynamically expressed miRNAs. We provide a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms underlying iNKT cell differentiation and function controlled by dynamically expressed miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Jie Wang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Queping Liu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Place, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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12
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Xu Y, Ma J, Luo H, Shi Y, Liu H, Sun A, Xu C, Ji H, Liu X. Chromatin assembly factor 1B critically controls the early development but not function acquisition of invariant natural killer T cells in mice. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1698-1714. [PMID: 33949677 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ CD8+ double-positive thymocytes give rise to both conventional TCRαβ+ T cells and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells), but these two kinds of cells display different characteristics. The molecular mechanism underlying iNKT cell lineage development and function acquisition remain to be elucidated. We show that the loss of chromatin assembly factor 1B (CHAF1b) maintains the normal development of conventional TCRαβ+ T cells but severely impairs early development of iNKT cells. This dysregulation is accompanied by the impairment in chromatin activation and gene transcription at Vα14-Jα18 locus. Notably, ectopic expression of a Vα14-Jα18 TCR rescues Chaf1b-deficient iNKT cell developmental defects. Moreover, cytokine secretion and antitumor activity are substantially maintained in Vα14-Jα18 TCR transgene-rescued Chaf1b-deficient iNKT cells. Our study identifies CHAF1b as a critical factor that controls the early development but not function acquisition of iNKT cells via lineage- and stage-specific regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haorui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yaohuang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chenqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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13
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The transcription factors GFI1 and GFI1B as modulators of the innate and acquired immune response. Adv Immunol 2021; 149:35-94. [PMID: 33993920 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GFI1 and GFI1B are small nuclear proteins of 45 and 37kDa, respectively, that have a simple two-domain structure: The first consists of a group of six c-terminal C2H2 zinc finger motifs that are almost identical in sequence and bind to very similar, specific DNA sites. The second is an N-terminal 20 amino acid SNAG domain that can bind to the pocket of the histone demethylase KDM1A (LSD1) near its active site. When bound to DNA, both proteins act as bridging factors that bring LSD1 and associated proteins into the vicinity of methylated substrates, in particular histone H3 or TP53. GFI1 can also bring methyl transferases such as PRMT1 together with its substrates that include the DNA repair proteins MRE11 and 53BP1, thereby enabling their methylation and activation. While GFI1B is expressed almost exclusively in the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineage, GFI1 has clear biological roles in the development and differentiation of lymphoid and myeloid immune cells. GFI1 is required for lymphoid/myeloid and monocyte/granulocyte lineage decision as well as the correct nuclear interpretation of a number of important immune-signaling pathways that are initiated by NOTCH1, interleukins such as IL2, IL4, IL5 or IL7, by the pre TCR or -BCR receptors during early lymphoid differentiation or by T and B cell receptors during activation of lymphoid cells. Myeloid cells also depend on GFI1 at both stages of early differentiation as well as later stages in the process of activation of macrophages through Toll-like receptors in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The knowledge gathered on these factors over the last decades puts GFI1 and GFI1B at the center of many biological processes that are critical for both the innate and acquired immune system.
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14
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Rudak PT, Choi J, Parkins KM, Summers KL, Jackson DN, Foster PJ, Skaro AI, Leslie K, McAlister VC, Kuchroo VK, Inoue W, Lantz O, Haeryfar SMM. Chronic stress physically spares but functionally impairs innate-like invariant T cells. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108979. [PMID: 33852855 PMCID: PMC8112805 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of psychological stress on mainstream T lymphocytes are well documented. However, how stress impacts innate-like T cells is unclear. We report that long-term stress surprisingly abrogates both T helper 1 (TH1)- and TH2-type responses orchestrated by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. This is not due to iNKT cell death because these cells are unusually refractory to stress-inflicted apoptosis. Activated iNKT cells in stressed mice exhibit a "split" inflammatory signature and trigger sudden serum interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-23, and IL-27 spikes. iNKT cell dysregulation is mediated by cell-autonomous glucocorticoid receptor signaling and corrected upon habituation to predictable stressors. Importantly, under stress, iNKT cells fail to potentiate cytotoxicity against lymphoma or to reduce the burden of metastatic melanoma. Finally, stress physically spares mouse mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells but hinders their TH1-/TH2-type responses. The above findings are corroborated in human peripheral blood and hepatic iNKT/MAIT cell cultures. Our work uncovers a mechanism of stress-induced immunosuppression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chronic Disease
- Corticosterone/pharmacology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immobilization
- Immunity, Innate
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-23/genetics
- Interleukin-23/immunology
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Lymphoma/immunology
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/drug effects
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/immunology
- Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells/pathology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/drug effects
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/pathology
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Oxidopamine/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/immunology
- Stress, Psychological/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology
- Th1-Th2 Balance
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Rudak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Joshua Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Katie M Parkins
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kelly L Summers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Dwayne N Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Anton I Skaro
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Ken Leslie
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Vivian C McAlister
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wataru Inoue
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie and INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - S M Mansour Haeryfar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Western University, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Western University, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada.
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15
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Gálvez NMS, Bohmwald K, Pacheco GA, Andrade CA, Carreño LJ, Kalergis AM. Type I Natural Killer T Cells as Key Regulators of the Immune Response to Infectious Diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev 2021; 34:e00232-20. [PMID: 33361143 PMCID: PMC7950362 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00232-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system must work in an orchestrated way to achieve an optimal response upon detection of antigens. The cells comprising the immune response are traditionally divided into two major subsets, innate and adaptive, with particular characteristics for each type. Type I natural killer T (iNKT) cells are defined as innate-like T cells sharing features with both traditional adaptive and innate cells, such as the expression of an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) and several NK receptors. The invariant TCR in iNKT cells interacts with CD1d, a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-like molecule. CD1d can bind and present antigens of lipid nature and induce the activation of iNKT cells, leading to the secretion of various cytokines, such as gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). These cytokines will aid in the activation of other immune cells following stimulation of iNKT cells. Several molecules with the capacity to bind to CD1d have been discovered, including α-galactosylceramide. Likewise, several molecules have been synthesized that are capable of polarizing iNKT cells into different profiles, either pro- or anti-inflammatory. This versatility allows NKT cells to either aid or impair the clearance of pathogens or to even control or increase the symptoms associated with pathogenic infections. Such diverse contributions of NKT cells to infectious diseases are supported by several publications showing either a beneficial or detrimental role of these cells during diseases. In this article, we discuss current data relative to iNKT cells and their features, with an emphasis on their driving role in diseases produced by pathogenic agents in an organ-oriented fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás M S Gálvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gaspar A Pacheco
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina A Andrade
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leandro J Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Wang J, Li K, Zhang X, Li G, Liu T, Wu X, Brown SL, Zhou L, Mi QS. MicroRNA-155 Controls iNKT Cell Development and Lineage Differentiation by Coordinating Multiple Regulating Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:619220. [PMID: 33585457 PMCID: PMC7874147 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells requires a well-attuned set of transcription factors, but how these factors are regulated and coordinated remains poorly understood. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is a key regulator of numerous cellular processes that affects cell development and homeostasis. Here, we found that miR-155 was highly expressed in early iNKT cells upon thymic selection, and then its expression is gradually downregulated during iNKT cell development. However, the mice with miR-155 germline deletion had normal iNKT cell development. To address if downregulated miR-155 is required for iNKT cell development, we made a CD4Cre.miR-155 knock-in (KI) mouse model with miR-155 conditional overexpression in the T cell lineage. Upregulated miR-155 led to interruption of iNKT cell development, diminished iNKT17 and iNKT1 cells, augmented iNKT2 cells, and these defects were cell intrinsic. Furthermore, defective iNKT cells in miR-155KI mice resulted in the secondary innate-like CD8 T cell development. Mechanistically, miR-155 modulated multiple targets and signaling pathways to fine tune iNKT cell development. MiR-155 modulated Jarid2, a critical component of a histone modification complex, and Tab2, the upstream activation kinase complex component of NF-κB, which function additively in iNKT development and in promoting balanced iNKT1/iNKT2 differentiation. In addition, miR-155 also targeted Rictor, a signature component of mTORC2 that controls iNKT17 differentiation. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-155 serves as a key epigenetic regulator, coordinating multiple signaling pathways and transcriptional programs to precisely regulate iNKT cell development and functional lineage, as well as secondary innate CD8 T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Kai Li
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Guihua Li
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Tingting Liu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Stephen L Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Li Zhou
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
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17
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Park JY, DiPalma DT, Kwon J, Fink J, Park JH. Quantitative Difference in PLZF Protein Expression Determines iNKT Lineage Fate and Controls Innate CD8 T Cell Generation. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2548-2557.e4. [PMID: 31141681 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zbtb16 encodes the zinc-finger protein PLZF, which is often used as a lineage marker for innate-like T cells and is specifically required for the generation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in the thymus. Here, we report that not only PLZF expression itself but also the relative abundance of PLZF proteins plays critical roles in iNKT cell development. Utilizing a Zbtb16 hypomorphic allele, PLZFGFPCre, which produces PLZF proteins at only half of the level of the wild-type allele, we show that decreased PLZF expression results in a significant decrease in iNKT cell numbers, which is further associated with profound alterations in iNKT lineage choices and subset composition. These results document that there is a quantitative aspect of PLZF expression in iNKT cells, demonstrating that the availability of PLZF protein is a critical factor for both effective iNKT cell generation and subset differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1360, USA; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101 Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Devon T DiPalma
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1360, USA
| | - Juntae Kwon
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1360, USA
| | - Juliet Fink
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1360, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-1360, USA.
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18
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Abstract
T cell development involves stepwise progression through defined stages that give rise to multiple T cell subtypes, and this is accompanied by the establishment of stage-specific gene expression. Changes in chromatin accessibility and chromatin modifications accompany changes in gene expression during T cell development. Chromatin-modifying enzymes that add or reverse covalent modifications to DNA and histones have a critical role in the dynamic regulation of gene expression throughout T cell development. As each chromatin-modifying enzyme has multiple family members that are typically all coexpressed during T cell development, their function is sometimes revealed only when two related enzymes are concurrently deleted. This work has also revealed that the biological effects of these enzymes often involve regulation of a limited set of targets. The growing diversity in the types and sites of modification, as well as the potential for a single enzyme to catalyze multiple modifications, is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Shapiro
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA; ,
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19
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SLAM-SAP-Fyn: Old Players with New Roles in iNKT Cell Development and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194797. [PMID: 31569599 PMCID: PMC6801923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique T cell lineage that develop in the thymus and emerge with a memory-like phenotype. Accordingly, following antigenic stimulation, they can rapidly produce copious amounts of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and mediate activation of several immune cells. Thus, it is not surprising that iNKT cells play diverse roles in a broad range of diseases. Given their pivotal roles in host immunity, it is crucial that we understand the mechanisms that govern iNKT cell development and effector functions. Over the last two decades, several studies have contributed to the current knowledge of iNKT cell biology and activity. Collectively, these studies reveal that the thymic development of iNKT cells, their lineage expansion, and functional properties are tightly regulated by a complex network of transcription factors and signaling molecules. While prior studies have clearly established the importance of the SLAM-SAP-Fyn signaling axis in iNKT cell ontogenesis, recent studies provide exciting mechanistic insights into the role of this signaling cascade in iNKT cell development, lineage fate decisions, and functions. Here we summarize the previous literature and discuss the more recent studies that guide our understanding of iNKT cell development and functional responses.
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20
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Orola MJ, Tizian C, Zhu C, Andersen L, Gülich AF, Alteneder M, Stojakovic T, Wiedermann U, Trauner M, Ellmeier W, Sakaguchi S. The zinc-finger transcription factor MAZR regulates iNKT cell subset differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4391-4404. [PMID: 31065747 PMCID: PMC6803753 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells represent a subgroup of innate-like T cells and play an important role in immune responses against certain pathogens. In addition, they have been linked to autoimmunity and antitumor immunity. iNKT cells consist of several subsets with distinct functions; however, the transcriptional networks controlling iNKT subset differentiation are still not fully characterized. Myc-associated zinc-finger-related factor (MAZR, also known as PATZ1) is an essential transcription factor for CD8+ lineage differentiation of conventional T cells. Here, we show that MAZR plays an important role in iNKT cells. T-cell lineage-specific deletion of MAZR resulted in an iNKT cell-intrinsic defect that led to an increase in iNKT2 cell numbers, concurrent with a reduction in iNKT1 and iNKT17 cells. Consistent with the alteration in the subset distribution, deletion of MAZR also resulted in an increase in the percentage of IL-4-producing cells. Moreover, MAZR-deficient iNKT cells displayed an enhanced expression of Erg2 and ThPOK, key factors for iNKT cell generation and subset differentiation, indicating that MAZR controls iNKT cell development through fine-tuning of their expression levels. Taken together, our study identified MAZR as an essential transcription factor regulating iNKT cell subset differentiation and effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jonah Orola
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Tizian
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-University Medical Centre Berlin (CBF), 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ci Zhu
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liisa Andersen
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Franziska Gülich
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlis Alteneder
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Graz, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Ursula Wiedermann
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Ellmeier
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shinya Sakaguchi
- Division of Immunobiology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Abstract
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ essential for the development of T lymphocytes, which orchestrate adaptive immune responses. T-cell development in the thymus is spatially regulated; key checkpoints in T-cell maturation and selection occur in cortical and medullary regions to eliminate self-reactive T cells, establish central tolerance, and export naïve T cells to the periphery with the potential to recognize diverse pathogens. Thymic output is also temporally regulated due to age-related involution of the thymus accompanied by loss of epithelial cells. This review discusses the structural and age-related control of thymus function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspa Thapa
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168th Street, BB1501, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Surgery, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168th Street, BB1501, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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22
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Park JY, Kwon J, Kim EY, Fink J, Kim HK, Park JH. CD24 + Cell Depletion Permits Effective Enrichment of Thymic iNKT Cells While Preserving Their Subset Composition. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e14. [PMID: 31089441 PMCID: PMC6494763 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a small subset of thymus-generated T cells that produce cytokines to control both innate and adaptive immunity. Because of their very low frequency in the thymus, in-depth characterization of iNKT cells can be facilitated by their enrichment from total thymocytes. Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) of glycolipid antigen-loaded CD1d-tetramer-binding cells is a commonly used method to enrich iNKT cells. Surprisingly, we found that this procedure also dramatically altered the subset composition of enriched iNKT cells. As such, NKT2 lineage cells that express large amounts of the transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger were markedly over-represented, while NKT1 lineage cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet were significantly reduced. To overcome this limitation, here, we tested magnetic-activated depletion of CD24+ immature thymocytes as an alternative method to enrich iNKT cells. We found that the overall recovery in iNKT cell numbers did not differ between these 2 methods. However, enrichment by CD24+ cell depletion preserved the subset composition of iNKT cells in the thymus, and thus permitted accurate and reproducible analysis of thymic iNKT cells in further detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Juntae Kwon
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Y Kim
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juliet Fink
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hye Kyung Kim
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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23
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Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes that recognize a wide variety of lipid antigens presented by the atypical MHC class I molecule CD1d. NKT cells exhibit rapid activation after recognition of cognate antigens, secrete abundant amounts of T helper (Th) 1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines within hours of activation and shape the immune response through subsequent activation of dendritic, NK, T, and B cells. NKT cells therefore play central roles in antimicrobial and anticancer immunity and in the modulation of various autoimmune disorders. Consequently, recent research has focused on the discovery of microbial and self-antigens involved in NKT cell activation. In this chapter, we will discuss different strategies for studying antigen recognition by NKT cells including CD1d tetramer-based approaches and in vitro assays characterizing NKT cell activation in response to lipid antigen presentation. While Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and cytokines such as IL-12 are critical for NKT cell activation in vivo, particularly in the context of microbial infection, methods for detection of TLR- and cytokine-dependent NKT cell activation will not be discussed in this section.
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24
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Kritikou E, van Duijn J, Nahon JE, van der Heijden T, Bouwman M, Groeneveldt C, Schaftenaar FH, Kröner MJ, Kuiper J, van Puijvelde GH, Bot I. Disruption of a CD1d-mediated interaction between mast cells and NKT cells aggravates atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2019; 280:132-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Tripathi P, Sedimbi SK, Singh AK, Löfbom L, Issazadeh-Navikas S, Weiss S, Förster I, Karlsson MCI, Yrlid U, Kadri N, Cardell SL. Innate and adaptive stimulation of murine diverse NKT cells result in distinct cellular responses. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:443-453. [PMID: 30427069 PMCID: PMC6587840 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells recognize glycolipids presented on CD1d. They share features of adaptive T lymphocytes and innate NK cells, and mediate immunoregulatory functions via rapid production of cytokines. Invariant (iNKT) and diverse (dNKT) NKT cell subsets are defined by their TCR. The immunological role of dNKT cells, that do not express the invariant TCRα‐chain used by iNKT cells, is less well explored than that of iNKT cells. Here, we investigated signals driving Toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligand activation of TCR‐transgenic murine dNKT cells. IFN‐γ production by dNKT cells required dendritic cells (DC), cell‐to‐cell contact and presence of TLR ligands. TLR‐stimulated DC activated dNKT cells to secrete IFN‐γ in a CD1d‐, CD80/86‐ and type I IFN‐independent manner. In contrast, a requirement for IL‐12p40, and a TLR ligand‐selective dependence on IL‐18 or IL‐15 was observed. TLR ligand/DC stimulation provoked early secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by both CD62L+ and CD62L− dNKT cells. However, proliferation was limited. In contrast, TCR/co‐receptor‐mediated activation resulted in proliferation and delayed production of a broader cytokine spectrum preferentially in CD62L− dNKT cells. Thus, innate (TLR ligand/DC) and adaptive (TCR/co‐receptor) stimulation of dNKT cells resulted in distinct cellular responses that may contribute differently to the formation of immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhanshu Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saikiran K Sedimbi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Avadhesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Löfbom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Neuroinflammation Unit, Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen Biocentre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Institute of Immunology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Yrlid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nadir Kadri
- Center of Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna L Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Abstract
Regulatory T cells are central mediators of immune regulation and play an essential role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis in the steady state and under pathophysiological conditions. Disruption of CD8 Treg-dependent recognition of Qa-1-restricted self-antigens can result in dysregulated immune responses, tissue damage, autoimmune disease and cancer. Recent progress in studies on regulatory T cells of the CD8 lineage has provided new biological insight into this specialized regulatory T cell subpopulation. Identification of the Helios transcription factor as an essential control element for the differentiation and function of CD8 regulatory T cells has led to a better understanding of the unique genetic program of these cells. Recent analyses of T-cell receptor usage and antigen recognition by Qa-1-restricted CD8 Treg have provided additional insight into the unusual biological function of this regulatory CD8 lineage. Here we summarize recent advances in our understanding of CD8 regulatory T cells with emphasis on lineage commitment, differentiation and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Harvey Cantor
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Hye-Jung Kim
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Regulation of the terminal maturation of iNKT cells by mediator complex subunit 23. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3875. [PMID: 30250136 PMCID: PMC6155209 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are a specific subset of T cells that recognize glycolipid antigens and upon activation rapidly exert effector functions. This unique function is established during iNKT cell development; the detailed mechanisms of this process, however, remain to be elucidated. Here the authors show that deletion of the mediator subunit Med23 in CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes completely blocks iNKT cell development at stage 2. This dysregulation is accompanied by a bias in the expression of genes related to the regulation of transcription and metabolism, and functional impairment of the cells including the loss of NK cell characteristics, reduced ability to secrete cytokines and attenuated recruitment capacity upon activation. Moreover, Med23-deficient iNKT cells exhibit impaired anti-tumor activity. Our study identifies Med23 as an essential transcriptional regulator that controls iNKT cell differentiation and terminal maturation. Invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT) rapidly exert effector functions upon activation, but the mechanisms of their functional maturation remain to be determined. Here, Xu and colleagues show that the mediator subunit Med23 is a transcriptional regulator controlling iNKT cell terminal maturation.
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28
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Bagchi S, Genardi S, Wang CR. Linking CD1-Restricted T Cells With Autoimmunity and Dyslipidemia: Lipid Levels Matter. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1616. [PMID: 30061888 PMCID: PMC6055000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, or altered blood lipid content, is a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, are correlated highly with dyslipidemia. One common thread between both autoimmune diseases and altered lipid levels is the presence of inflammation, suggesting that the immune system might act as the link between these related pathologies. Deciphering the role of innate and adaptive immune responses in autoimmune diseases and, more recently, obesity-related inflammation, have been active areas of research. The broad picture suggests that antigen-presenting molecules, which present self-peptides to autoreactive T cells, can result in either aggravation or amelioration of inflammation. However, very little is known about the role of self-lipid reactive T cells in dyslipidemia-associated autoimmune events. Given that a range of autoimmune diseases are linked to aberrant lipid profiles and a majority of lipid-specific T cells are reactive to self-antigens, it is important to examine the role of these T cells in dyslipidemia-related autoimmune ailments and determine if dysregulation of these T cells can be drivers of autoimmune conditions. CD1 molecules present lipids to T cells and are divided into two groups based on sequence homology. To date, most of the information available on lipid-reactive T cells comes from the study of group 2 CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells while T cells reactive to group 1 CD1 molecules remain understudied, despite their higher abundance in humans compared to NKT cells. This review evaluates the mechanisms by which CD1-reactive, self-lipid specific T cells contribute to dyslipidemia-associated autoimmune disease progression or amelioration by examining available literature on NKT cells and highlighting recent progress made on the study of group 1 CD1-restricted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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29
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PDCD5 regulates iNKT cell terminal maturation and iNKT1 fate decision. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:746-756. [PMID: 29921968 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T1 (iNKT1) cells are characterized by the preferential expression of T-box transcription factor T-bet (encoded by Tbx21) and the production of cytokine IFN-γ, but the relationship between the developmental process and iNKT1 lineage diversification in the thymus remains elusive. We report in the present study a crucial role of programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) in iNKT cell terminal maturation and iNKT1 fate determination. Mice with T cell-specific deletion of PDCD5 had decreased numbers of thymic and peripheral iNKT cells with a predominantly immature phenotype and defects in response to α-galactosylceramide. Loss of PDCD5 also selectively abolished the iNKT1 lineage by reducing T-bet expression in iNKT cells at an early thymic developmental stage (before CD44 upregulation). We further demonstrated that TOX2, one of the high mobility group proteins that was highly expressed in iNKT cells at stage 1 and could be stabilized by PDCD5, promoted the permissive histone H3K4me3 modification in the promoter region of Tbx21. These data indicate a pivotal and unique role of PDCD5/TOX2 in iNKT1 lineage determination. They also suggest that the fate of iNKT1 may be programmed at the developmental stage of iNKT cells in the thymus.
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30
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The thioredoxin-1 system is essential for fueling DNA synthesis during T-cell metabolic reprogramming and proliferation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1851. [PMID: 29749372 PMCID: PMC5945637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) system is an important contributor to cellular redox balance and is a sensor of energy and glucose metabolism. Here we show critical c-Myc-dependent activation of the Trx1 system during thymocyte and peripheral T-cell proliferation, but repression during T-cell quiescence. Deletion of thioredoxin reductase-1 (Txnrd1) prevents expansion the CD4−CD8− thymocyte population, whereas Txnrd1 deletion in CD4+CD8+ thymocytes does not affect further maturation and peripheral homeostasis of αβT cells. However, Txnrd1 is critical for expansion of the activated T-cell population during viral and parasite infection. Metabolomics show that TrxR1 is essential for the last step of nucleotide biosynthesis by donating reducing equivalents to ribonucleotide reductase. Impaired availability of 2′-deoxyribonucleotides induces the DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest of Txnrd1-deficient T cells. These results uncover a pivotal function of the Trx1 system in metabolic reprogramming of thymic and peripheral T cells and provide a rationale for targeting Txnrd1 in T-cell leukemia. Thioredoxin (Trx), Trx reductase, Txnip and NADPH together comprise the Trx system. Here the authors make a T cell-specific thioredoxin reductase-1 knockout mouse to show how this system reprograms cellular metabolism to enable T cell development, proliferation and responses.
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31
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Koay HF, Godfrey DI, Pellicci DG. Development of mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:598-606. [PMID: 29569752 PMCID: PMC6446805 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells develop in the thymus and migrate into the periphery to become the largest antigen‐specific αβ T‐cell population in the human immune system. However, the frequency of MAIT cells varies widely between human individuals, and the basis for this is unclear. While MAIT cells are highly conserved through evolution and are phenotypically similar between humans and mice, they represent a much smaller proportion of total T cells in mice. In this review, we discuss how MAIT cells transition through a three‐stage development pathway in both mouse and human thymus, and continue to mature and expand after they leave the thymus. Moreover, we will explore and speculate on how specific factors regulate different stages of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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32
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Wang Y, Yun C, Gao B, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Kong Q, Zhao F, Wang CR, Dent SYR, Wang J, Xu X, Li HB, Fang D. The Lysine Acetyltransferase GCN5 Is Required for iNKT Cell Development through EGR2 Acetylation. Cell Rep 2018; 20:600-612. [PMID: 28723564 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a population that is critical for both innate and adaptive immunity, is regulated by multiple transcription factors, but the molecular mechanisms underlying how the transcriptional activation of these factors are regulated during iNKT development remain largely unknown. We found that the histone acetyltransferase general control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5) is essential for iNKT cell development during the maturation stage. GCN5 deficiency blocked iNKT cell development in a cell-intrinsic manner. At the molecular level, GCN5 is a specific lysine acetyltransferase of early growth responsive gene 2 (EGR2), a transcription factor required for iNKT cell development. GCN5-mediated acetylation positively regulated EGR2 transcriptional activity, and both genetic and pharmacological GCN5 suppression specifically inhibited the transcription of EGR2 target genes in iNKT cells, including Runx1, promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF), interleukin (IL)-2Rb, and T-bet. Therefore, our study revealed GCN5-mediated EGR2 acetylation as a molecular mechanism that regulates iNKT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang 150081, China
| | - Chawon Yun
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Beixue Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yuanming Xu
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, PRC; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, PRC
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PRC
| | - Qingfei Kong
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sharon Y R Dent
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Epigenetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 102206, PRC
| | - Xiangping Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang 150081, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Shanghai 200031, PRC.
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PRC; Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University School of Pharmacy, Dalian 116044, China.
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Antunes L, Duarte de Souza A, de Araújo P, Pinto L, Jones M, Stein R, Pitrez P. iNKT cells are increased in children with severe therapy-resistant asthma. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2018; 46:175-180. [PMID: 29279262 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play complex functions in the immune system, releasing both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. The role of iNKT cells in human asthma is still controversial and never described in severe therapy-resistant asthma in children. The objective of this work was to analyse iNKT frequency in peripheral blood of children with severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA), compared to children with milder asthma and healthy controls. METHODS Children with asthma (n=136) (non-severe and STRA) from a referral centre and healthy controls (n=40) were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, stained with anti-CD3 and anti-iNKT (Vα24Jα18), and analysed through flow cytometry. Atopic status was defined by measuring specific IgE in serum. Airway inflammation was assessed by induced sputum. RESULTS Children with asthma presented an increased frequency of CD3+iNKT+ cells (median 0.38% IQR 0.18-1.9), compared to healthy controls (median 0.26% IQR 0.10-0.43) (p=0.025). Children with STRA also showed an increased frequency of iNKT cells (1.5% IQR 1.05-2.73) compared to healthy controls and non-severe asthmatic children (0.35% IQR 0.15-1.6; p=0.002). The frequency of iNKT cells was not different between atopic and non-atopic children. In addition, iNKT cells were not associated with any inflammatory pattern of induced sputum studied. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that iNKT cells play a role in paediatric asthma, which is also associated with the severity of disease, but independent of the atopic status.
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Wang J, Yang Q, Zhang Q, Yin C, Zhou L, Zhou J, Wang Y, Mi QS. Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Ameliorate Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Gouty Inflammation in Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1710. [PMID: 29312287 PMCID: PMC5733058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is an inflammatory arthritis caused by deposition of intra-articular monosodium urate (MSU) crystal. Previous studies have focused on resident macrophage, infiltrating monocyte, and neutrophil responses to MSU crystal; yet the mechanisms of cellular changes and the potential involvement of other regulatory immune cells remain largely unknown. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, an innate type of T cell, are involved in the development of various inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigate the role of iNKT cells in MSU crystal-induced gouty inflammation. MSU crystal-induced inflammatory profiles in an air-pouch model were examined in iNKT-deficient CD1d knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) control mice. To explore potential mechanisms of iNKT cell regulation of gouty inflammation, we cocultured CD4+ or CD4−iNKT cells with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). We found that iNKT cells quickly migrated to the site of inflammation upon MSU crystal stimulation in WT mice. The total number of infiltrating cells in CD1d KO mice, especially neutrophils, was dramatically increased at 6 and 12 h (P < 0.01) post-MSU crystal challenge, compared with WT controls. BMDMs cocultured with CD4+iNKT cells produced less tumor necrosis factor-α and expressed higher levels of M2 macrophage markers, including Clec7a, Pdcd1Ig2, and interleukin-4 (P < 0.01), compared with BMDMs cocultured with CD4−iNKT cells or conventional CD4+ T cells. CD4+iNKT cells are one of the key regulators of MSU crystal-induced gouty inflammation through the control of macrophage polarization. iNKT cells may serve as a new therapeutic target for gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Qibin Yang
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Quanbo Zhang
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Gerontology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Congcong Yin
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Li Zhou
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jingguo Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Immunology Research Program, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research, Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
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35
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Natural killer T cells in Preeclampsia: An updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:412-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Nair S, Dhodapkar MV. Natural Killer T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1178. [PMID: 29018445 PMCID: PMC5614937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are specialized CD1d-restricted T cells that recognize lipid antigens. Following stimulation, NKT cells lead to downstream activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. This has impelled the development of NKT cell-targeted immunotherapies for treating cancer. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the stimulatory and regulatory functions of NKT cells in tumor immunity as well as highlight preclinical and clinical studies based on NKT cells. Finally, we discuss future perspectives to better harness the potential of NKT cells for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiny Nair
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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37
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Northrup D, Yagi R, Cui K, Proctor WR, Wang C, Placek K, Pohl LR, Wang R, Ge K, Zhu J, Zhao K. Histone demethylases UTX and JMJD3 are required for NKT cell development in mice. Cell Biosci 2017; 7:25. [PMID: 28529687 PMCID: PMC5436453 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-017-0152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer (NK)T cells and conventional T cells share phenotypic characteristic however they differ in transcription factor requirements and functional properties. The role of histone modifying enzymes in conventional T cell development has been extensively studied, little is known about the function of enzymes regulating histone methylation in NKT cells. Results We show that conditional deletion of histone demethylases UTX and JMJD3 by CD4-Cre leads to near complete loss of liver NKT cells, while conventional T cells are less affected. Loss of NKT cells is cell intrinsic and not due to an insufficient selection environment. The absence of NKT cells in UTX/JMJD3-deficient mice protects mice from concanavalin A‐induced liver injury, a model of NKT‐mediated hepatitis. GO‐analysis of RNA-seq data indicates that cell cycle genes are downregulated in UTX/JMJD3-deleted NKT progenitors, and suggest that failed expansion may account for some of the cellular deficiency. The phenotype appears to be demethylase‐dependent, because UTY, a homolog of UTX that lacks catalytic function, is not sufficient to restore their development and removal of H3K27me3 by deletion of EZH2 partially rescues the defect. Conclusions NKT cell development and gene expression is sensitive to proper regulation of H3K27 methylation. The H3K27me3 demethylase enzymes, in particular UTX, promote NKT cell development, and are required for effective NKT function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13578-017-0152-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Northrup
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ryoji Yagi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Kairong Cui
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - William R Proctor
- Center of Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Katarzyna Placek
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Lance R Pohl
- Center of Immunology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Rongfu Wang
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Kai Ge
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Sklarz T, Guan P, Gohil M, Cotton RM, Ge MQ, Haczku A, Das R, Jordan MS. mTORC2 regulates multiple aspects of NKT-cell development and function. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:516-526. [PMID: 28078715 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bridge innate and adaptive immunity by rapidly secreting cytokines and lysing targets following TCR recognition of lipid antigens. Based on their ability to secrete IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17A, iNKT-cells are classified as NKT-1, NKT-2, and NKT-17 subsets, respectively. The molecular pathways regulating iNKT-cell fate are not fully defined. Recent studies implicate Rictor, a required component of mTORC2, in the development of select iNKT-cell subsets, however these reports are conflicting. To resolve these questions, we used Rictorfl/fl CD4cre+ mice and found that Rictor is required for NKT-17 cell development and normal iNKT-cell cytolytic function. Conversely, Rictor is not absolutely required for IL-4 and IFN-γ production as peripheral iNKT-cells make copious amounts of these cytokines. Overall iNKT-cell numbers are dramatically reduced in the absence of Rictor. We provide data indicating Rictor regulates cell survival as well as proliferation of developing and mature iNKT-cells. Thus, mTORC2 regulates multiple aspects of iNKT-cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammarah Sklarz
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peng Guan
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mercy Gohil
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renee M Cotton
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Moyar Q Ge
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Angela Haczku
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rupali Das
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Martha S Jordan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Yasuoka T, Kuwahara M, Yamada T, Maruyama S, Suzuki J, Taniguchi M, Yasukawa M, Yamashita M. The Transcriptional Repressor Gfi1 Plays a Critical Role in the Development of NKT1- and NKT2-Type iNKT Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157395. [PMID: 27284976 PMCID: PMC4902269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gfi1 plays an important role in the development and maintenance of many hematopoietic linage cells. However, the impact of Gfi1-deficiency on the iNKT cell differentiation remains unclear. We herein demonstrate a critical role of Gfi1 in regulating the development of iNKT cell subsets. In the thymus of T cell-specific Gfi1-deficient mice, iNKT cells normally developed up to stage 2, while the number of stage 3 NK1.1pos iNKT cells was significantly reduced. Furthermore, CD4pos iNKT cells were selectively reduced in the peripheral organs of T cell-specific Gfi1-deficient mice. The α-GalCer-dependent production of IFN-γand Th2 cytokines, but not IL-17A, was severely reduced in T cell-specific Gfi1-deficient mice. In addition, a reduction of the α-GalCer-induced anti-tumor activity was observed in Gfi1-deficient mice. These findings demonstrate the important role of Gfi1 in regulating the development and function of NKT1- and NKT2-type iNKT cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Yasuoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Division of Immune Regulation, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Infection and Host Defenses, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Saho Maruyama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Junpei Suzuki
- Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaru Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaki Yasukawa
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Yamashita
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- Division of Immune Regulation, Department of Proteo-Inovation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Hu JK, Crampton JC, Locci M, Crotty S. CRISPR-Mediated Slamf1Δ/Δ Slamf5Δ/Δ Slamf6Δ/Δ Triple Gene Disruption Reveals NKT Cell Defects but Not T Follicular Helper Cell Defects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156074. [PMID: 27223891 PMCID: PMC4880187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SAP (SH2D1A) is required intrinsically in CD4 T cells to generate germinal center responses and long-term humoral immunity. SAP binds to SLAM family receptors, including SLAM, CD84, and Ly108 to enhance cytokine secretion and sustained T cell:B cell adhesion, which both improve T follicular helper (Tfh) cell aid to germinal center (GC) B cells. To understand the overlapping roles of multiple SLAM family receptors in germinal center responses, Slamf1Δ/ΔSlamf5Δ/ΔSlamf6Δ/Δ triple gene disruption (Slamf1,5,6Δ/Δ) mice were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to eliminate expression of SLAM (CD150), CD84, and Ly108, respectively. Gene targeting was highly efficient, with 6 of 6 alleles disrupted in 14 of 23 pups and the majority of alleles disrupted in the remaining pups. NKT cell differentiation in Slamf1,5,6Δ/Δ mice was defective, but not completely absent. The remaining NKT cells exhibited substantially increased 2B4 (SLAMF4) expression. Surprisingly, there were no overt defects in germinal center responses to acute viral infections or protein immunizations in Slamf1,5,6Δ/Δ mice, unlike Sh2d1a-/- mice. Similarly, in the context of a competitive environment, SLAM family receptor expressing GC Tfh cell, GC B cell, and plasma cell responses exhibited no advantages over Slamf1,5,6Δ/Δ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce K. Hu
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jordan C. Crampton
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michela Locci
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC)
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Thapa P, Chen MW, McWilliams DC, Belmonte P, Constans M, Sant'Angelo DB, Shapiro VS. NKAP Regulates Invariant NKT Cell Proliferation and Differentiation into ROR-γt-Expressing NKT17 Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4987-98. [PMID: 27183586 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a unique lineage with characteristics of both adaptive and innate lymphocytes, and they recognize glycolipids presented by an MHC class I-like CD1d molecule. During thymic development, iNKT cells also differentiate into NKT1, NKT2, and NKT17 functional subsets that preferentially produce cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17, respectively, upon activation. Newly selected iNKT cells undergo a burst of proliferation, which is defective in mice with a specific deletion of NKAP in the iNKT cell lineage, leading to severe reductions in thymic and peripheral iNKT cell numbers. The decreased cell number is not due to defective homeostasis or increased apoptosis, and it is not rescued by Bcl-xL overexpression. NKAP is also required for differentiation into NKT17 cells, but NKT1 and NKT2 cell development and function are unaffected. This failure in NKT17 development is rescued by transgenic expression of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger; however, the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger transgene does not restore iNKT cell numbers or the block in positive selection into the iNKT cell lineage in CD4-cre NKAP conditional knockout mice. Therefore, NKAP regulates multiple steps in iNKT cell development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puspa Thapa
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Meibo W Chen
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | | | - Paul Belmonte
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Megan Constans
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Derek B Sant'Angelo
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
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Cui Y, Chen X, Zhang J, Sun X, Liu H, Bai L, Xu C, Liu X. Uhrf1 Controls iNKT Cell Survival and Differentiation through the Akt-mTOR Axis. Cell Rep 2016; 15:256-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Invariant natural killer T cells in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: killer choice for natural suppression. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 51:629-37. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2015.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Roy S, Zhuang Y. Orchestration of invariant natural killer T cell development by E and Id proteins. Crit Rev Immunol 2016; 35:33-48. [PMID: 25746046 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2015012207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are αβ T cells that express a semi-invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) along with natural killer (NK) cell markers and have an innate cell-like ability to produce a myriad of cytokines very quickly upon antigen exposure and subsequent activation. These cells are diverted from conventional single positive (SP) T-cell fate at the double positive (DP) stage, where TCR-mediated recognition of a lipid antigen presented on a CD1d molecule promotes their selection into the NKT lineage. Although many key regulatory molecules have been shown to play important roles in the development of NKT cells, the mechanism of lineage specification and acquisition of effector functions in these cells still remain to be fully addressed. In this review, we specifically discuss the role of a family of class-I helix-loop-helix proteins known as E proteins, and their antagonists Id proteins in NKT celldevelopment. Recent work has shown that these proteins play key roles in invariant NKT (iNKT) development, from the invariant TCR rearrangement to terminal differentiation and maturation. Elucidating these roles provides an opportunity to uncover the transcriptional network that separates NKT cells from concurrently developed conventional αβ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Roy
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is broadly involved in different receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Considerable progress was made recently in understanding the role of TRAF3 in T cell biology. Here we review these new findings about how TRAF3 participates in T cell development and function. The different roles of TRAF3 in distinct immune cells are also compared. That TRAF3 is required for T cell effector functions, and invariant Natural Killer T cell function and development, was unexpected. Another surprising finding is that TRAF3 normally restrains regulatory T cell development. It is now clear that TRAF3 regulates signaling to T cells not only through costimulatory members of the TNFR superfamily, but also through the T cell receptor complex, and cytokine receptors. The diverse roles it plays support the multifaceted nature of this molecule. How TRAF3 mediates integration of different signaling cascades is an important topic for future study.
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Key Words
- DC, dendritic cell
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- ICOS, inducible co-stimulator
- IKK, IκB kinase
- IL-2 receptor
- IL-2, interleukin-2
- Jak1, Janus kinase 1
- LMC, litter mate control
- LMP1, latent membrane protein-1
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MΦ, macrophage
- NIK, NF-κB inducing kinase
- NLR, nucleotide binding-oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor
- RLR, retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I-like receptor
- SLAM, signaling lymphocyte activation molecule
- SOCS1, Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
- T cell
- T cell receptor
- T-TRAF3−/−, CD4CreTRAF3flox/flox
- TCPTP, T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TFH, follicular helper T cell
- TFR, follicular Treg cell
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNFR, Tumor necrosis factor receptor
- TRAF3
- TRAF3, TNFR-associated factor 3
- Tcm cell, central memory T cell
- Tem cell, effector memory T cell
- Treg cell, regulatory T cell
- adaptor molecule
- iNKT cell, invariant Natural Killer T cell
- invariant Natural Killer T cell
- regulatory T cell
- signaling pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoan Yi
- a Departments of Microbiology ; University of Iowa ; Iowa City , IA USA
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Antitumor Responses of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:652875. [PMID: 26543874 PMCID: PMC4620262 DOI: 10.1155/2015/652875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that were first described in the late 1980s. Since their initial description, numerous studies have collectively shed light on their development and effector function. These studies have highlighted the unique requirements for the activation of these lymphocytes and the functional responses that distinguish these cells from other effector lymphocyte populations such as conventional T cells and NK cells. This body of literature suggests that NKT cells play diverse nonredundant roles in a number of disease processes, including the initiation and propagation of airway hyperreactivity, protection against a variety of pathogens, development of autoimmunity, and mediation of allograft responses. In this review, however, we focus on the role of a specific lineage of NKT cells in antitumor immunity. Specifically, we describe the development of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells and the factors that are critical for their acquisition of effector function. Next, we delineate the mechanisms by which iNKT cells influence and modulate the activity of other immune cells to directly or indirectly affect tumor growth. Finally, we review the successes and failures of clinical trials employing iNKT cell-based immunotherapies and explore the future prospects for the use of such strategies.
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Tian J, Liu L, Wang X, Sun X, Mu S, Wu C, Han M. The differential roles of mTOR, ERK, and JNK pathways in invariant natural killer T-cell function and survival. Inflammation 2015; 37:2013-9. [PMID: 24858726 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell is a critical element for both innate and adaptive immunity. The quick responses of mature iNKT cells to TCR stimulation require activation of several different signaling pathways. However, the roles of these signaling pathways in mature iNKT cell biology remain incompletely understood. To address this issue, single signaling pathway was blocked with inhibitor in iNKT cells, and the roles of these signaling pathways were estimated. Results showed that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an essential role for cytokine production and survival in iNKT cells. In contrast, ERK and JNK are more important for iNKT cell effector function, but not survival. Our findings delineate the distinct roles of different signaling pathways in mature iNKT cells and therefore shed new light for modulating iNKT cell function in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, 264001, Shandong, China,
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Delovitch TL. Imaging of NKT Cell Recirculation and Tissue Migration during Antimicrobial Immunity. Front Immunol 2015; 6:356. [PMID: 26236312 PMCID: PMC4500992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Terry L. Delovitch
- Laboratory of Autoimmune Diabetes, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Siegemund S, Shepherd J, Xiao C, Sauer K. hCD2-iCre and Vav-iCre mediated gene recombination patterns in murine hematopoietic cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124661. [PMID: 25884630 PMCID: PMC4401753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cre-recombinase mediated conditional deletion of Lox-P site flanked ("floxed") genes is widely used for functional gene annotation in mice. Many different Cre-transgenic mouse lines have been developed for cell-type specific gene disruption. But often, the precise tissue-patterns of Cre activity remain incompletely characterized. Two widely used transgenes for conditional gene recombination in hematopoietic cells are Vav-iCre driven from the murine Vav1 promotor, and hCD2-iCre driven from the human CD2 promotor. Vav-iCre expresses active Cre in fetal and adult hematopoietic stem cells and all descendants, hCD2-iCre in immature and mature B and T lymphocytes. To better characterize which hematopoietic cells contain hCD2-iCre activity, we compared EYFP fluorescence in hCD2-iCre+/- R26-stop-EYFP+/- and Vav-iCre+/- R26-stop-EYFP+/-mice. R26-stop-EYFP ubiquitously encodes EYFP preceded by a floxed stop cassette. By removing it, Cre activity induces measurable EYFP expression. Our results confirm the known activity patterns for both Cre transgenes and unveil additional hCD2-iCre mediated reporter gene recombination in common lymphoid progenitors, in natural killer cells and their progenitors, and in plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cells. This supports previously proposed common lymphoid origins for natural killer cells and subsets of dendritic cells, and indicates the need to consider pleiotropic effects when studying hCD2-iCre mediated conditional knockout mice. Vav-iCre+/- R26-stop-EYFP+/-mice did not show the non-hematopoietic recombination in vascular endothelial cells seen in other Vav-Cre mouse lines, but displayed an unexpected Vav-iCre mediated recombination in a bone cell subset lacking hematopoietic markers. This pinpoints the need to consider stromal cell contributions to phenotypes of Vav-iCre mediated conditional knockout mice. Altogether, our data provide the first detailed assessment of hCD2-iCre and Vav-iCre mediated deletion of floxed genes during lymphocyte development from hematopoietic stem cells and open up novel applications for either Cre-transgenic mouse line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Siegemund
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jovan Shepherd
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Karsten Sauer
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Weng X, Liao CM, Bagchi S, Cardell SL, Stein PL, Wang CR. The adaptor protein SAP regulates type II NKT-cell development, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity against lymphoma. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3646-57. [PMID: 25236978 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD1d-restricted NKT cells represent a unique lineage of immunoregulatory T cells that are divided into two groups, type I and type II, based on their TCR usage. Because there are no specific tools to identify type II NKT cells, little is known about their developmental requirements and functional regulation. In our previous study, we showed that signaling lymphocytic activation molecule associated protein (SAP) is essential for the development of type II NKT cells. Here, using a type II NKT-cell TCR transgenic mouse model, we demonstrated that CD1d-expressing hematopoietic cells, but not thymic epithelial cells, meditate efficient selection of type II NKT cells. Furthermore, we showed that SAP regulates type II NKT-cell development by controlling early growth response 2 protein and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger expression. SAP-deficient 24αβ transgenic T cells (24αβ T cells) exhibited an immature phenotype with reduced Th2 cytokine-producing capacity and diminished cytotoxicity to CD1d-expressing lymphoma cells. The impaired IL-4 production by SAP-deficient 24αβ T cells was associated with reduced IFN regulatory factor 4 and GATA-3 induction following TCR stimulation. Collectively, these data suggest that SAP is critical for regulating type II NKT cell responses. Aberrant responses of these T cells may contribute to the immune dysregulation observed in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease caused by mutations in SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Weng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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